identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
054C717B711F236665DDFB71FC61FD91.text	054C717B711F236665DDFB71FC61FD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirratulidae Ryckholt 1851	<div><p>Family Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851</p><p>Diagnosis. Body elongate with numerous short segments; not divided into distinct regions, but anterior and/or posterior segments sometimes expanded and crowded. Prostomium narrow and conical or broad and wedge-shaped, without appendages; eyespots present or absent; paired nuchal organs present dorso-laterally. Peristomium achaetous, smooth or with two or more distinct annuli. Grooved dorsal tentacles arise as a single pair or as multiple groups of filaments on posterior margin of peristomium or on one or more anterior setigerous segments. Branchiae long, filamentous, usually occurring over numerous segments. Parapodia biramous with rudimentary podial lobes. Setae simple, including capillaries, acicular spines or bidentate hooks. Pygidium a simple lobe sometimes with sub-anal disk, or with one or two terminal cirri. Pharynx ventral, unarmed. Sexual and asexual reproduction may occur.</p><p>Remarks. The generic definitions of cirratulid collections from the MMS surveys from the 1980s were based on Hartman’s (1961, 1969) system where most bitentaculate species with unidentate acicular spines were referred to Chaetozone and those with only capillary setae were mostly referred to Tharyx . As a result the numerous provisional taxa that were established as part of those projects have required considerable review in order to align and re-evaluate them with the genera now in use (Blake 1991, 2016, 2018; Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019). Furthermore, the offshore collections reported in this study are derived from over 2500 samples, mostly retained on fine mesh sieves with 300- and 500 µm openings. Because of this, thousands of specimens are available and sorting through and evaluating these materials has therefore taken considerable time and effort.</p><p>Genus Caulleriella Chamberlin, 1919</p><p>Type species: Cirratulus viridis Langerhans, 1881 . Original designation by Chamberlin 1919.</p><p>Diagnosis. (after Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019). Prostomium elongate, conical to pointed. Peristomium elongated to short, with dorsal tentacles usually beginning anterior to setiger 1. Middle body segments not beaded; parapodia often with noto- and neuropodia widely separated laterally. Modified setae including capillaries and bidentate crotchet-like hooks, not arranged into modified cinctures. In some species, unidentate hooks may occur in some regions of the body in addition to bidentate hooks. Pygidium either a simple conical lobe or with one or two anal cirri.</p><p>Remarks. After Blake (2021b) reported on species of Caulleriella from the U.S. Atlantic coast, another species was discovered among lower continental slope specimens that had been erroneously referred to Chaetozone during the ACSAR program. The new species is most similar to C. bathytata Blake, 2019 from abyssal depths of the Pacific Ocean. The new species is here described as Caulleriella cryptica n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B711F236665DDFB71FC61FD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B711E236565DDFD2EFD01F8BF.text	054C717B711E236565DDFD2EFD01F8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulleriella cryptica Blake 2022	<div><p>Caulleriella cryptica new species</p><p>Figures 1–2</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D83CE795-FBD8-41D1-8242-8CA989E8A68A</p><p>Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. (10 specimens) Off New England, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4975/lat 40.084667)">North Atlantic</a> ACSAR program, coll. G. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 5: Cruise NA-5, Rep. 3, 30 Apr 1986, 40°05.01′N, 67°29.90′W, 2085 m, holotype (USNM 1661368); Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 05 Nov 1984, 40°05.16′N, 67°30.01′W, 2070 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661369); Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.07′N, 67°29.78′W, 2065 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661370); Rep. 3, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.07′N, 67°29.88′W, 2065 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661371). Cruise NA-3, Rep. 2, 04 Jul 1985, 40°05.08′N, 67°29.85′W, 2060 m 3 paratypes USNM 1661372).</p><p>Description. A small threadlike species, holotype (USNM 1661368) complete, with 70 setigers, 13.6 mm long, 0.4 mm across anterior and middle segments, only narrowing in far posterior setigers (Fig. 2A); paratype (USNM 1661370) with 75 setigers, 7.1 mm long, 0.26 mm wide. Body generally cylindrical in cross section throughout, with segments of anterior third short, ca. 1.5 to 2 times as wide as long; middle and posterior setigers rounded, moniliform (Fig. 2A, E–F), slightly wider than long. Dorsal and ventral grooves absent. Color in alcohol light tan.</p><p>Pre-setiger region long, narrow, about as long as first five setigers (Figs. 1A, 2A–B, D); prostomium and peristomium merged with one another (Figs. 1A, 2D). Prostomium long, narrow, triangular, tapering to pointed tip (Figs. 1A, 2A–B, D); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits on posterior lateral margin, weakly pigmented. Peristomium smooth, merging seamlessly with setiger 1 (Fig. 1A); with partial division into two rings dorsally, not evident ventrally; dorsal tentacles arising from near anterior border of second ring, with first branchiae located lateral and posterior to tentacles (Fig. 1A); second pair of branchiae arising dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1; subsequent branchiae similarly located. Dorsal tentacles broken off; branchiae mostly missing, short, or as stubs.</p><p>Parapodia reduced to low ridges from which setae arise. Setae include capillaries and bidentate hooks. Notosetae all capillaries over most of body; capillaries long, usually numbering 8–10 per fascicle; notopodial bidentate hooks not present until setiger 50–60 (57 in holotype) with 1–2 long-shafted hooks and 4–5 capillaries. Neuropodia with 7–8 long capillaries at first with bidentate hooks from setiger 15–25 (15 in holotype); hooks short, curved, 1–2 at first then increasing to 3–4 per fascicle posteriorly. All hooks with conspicuous blunted main fang surmounted by short, pointed apical tooth; distinct hood present extending from main fang to shaft on concave side (Figs. 1B–D, 2C); hood requires 1000x magnification to discern clearly. Hooks of anterior neuropodia with main fang shorter, less conspicuous on some paratypes (e.g., USNM 1661371).</p><p>Pygidium with semi-circular disk extending below anal opening (Fig. 2F).</p><p>Methyl green staining. No pattern.</p><p>Remarks. The hooks of Caulleriella cryptica n. sp. are bidentate with a distinct transparent hood that extends from the main fang to the shaft on the concave side. The only other species of Caulleriella having such hooks is Caulleriella bathytata Blake, 2019 from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the abyssal Pacific Ocean. The two species are similar in size and number of setigers but differ in that the neuropodial hooks of C. cryptica n. sp. begin on setiger 15 instead of more posteriorly on setiger 31 and the prostomium of C. cryptica n. sp. is much longer and drawn out into a narrow triangular shape instead of being shorter, broadly triangular, and distinctly divided into two parts in C. bathytata . In addition, the peristomium of C. cryptica n. sp. is partially divided dorsally into two rings, whereas the peristomium of C. bathytata is entire.</p><p>Biology. All specimens are from North Atlantic ACSAR Station 5 on the lower continental slope off Georges Bank, adjacent to Lydonia Canyon at a depth of about 2070 m. Sediments consisted of about 66.5% sand and 33.5% silt + clay (Maciolek et al. 1987b). Caulleriella cryptica n. sp. was rare at this site, where 17 of the top 20 species were annelids. Of these, Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981 was the most abundant species with 10.4% of the total fauna (Maciolek et al. 1987b). No specimens of C. cryptica n. sp. were observed with gametes.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet cryptica, is from the Greek, krypto, for hide or conceal, in reference to these specimens being hidden and misidentified as a species of Chaetozone .</p><p>Distribution. Off New England, 2060–2085 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B711E236565DDFD2EFD01F8BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7113236A65DDFF14FD98FED0.text	054C717B7113236A65DDFF14FD98FED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocirratulus Blake 2018	<div><p>Genus Chaetocirratulus Blake, 2018</p><p>Type species: Heterocirrus andersenensis Augener, 1932 . Original designation by Blake 2018.</p><p>Diagnosis. (after Blake 2018) Prostomium broadly rounded anteriorly or wedge-shaped; eyespots absent; with a pair of small nuchal organs as slits or depressions at posterior edge. Peristomium with a single pair of grooved dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin or interface with setiger 1. First pair of branchiae arising from posterior margin of peristomium, an achaetous segment, or setiger 1. Body typically thick and fusiform over many segments, rarely with middle or posterior body segments beaded or moniliform; individual segments short, numerous. Setae include capillaries on most setigers and thick, pointed acicular spines in neuropodia and a few in notopodia or spines in neuropodia only; spines few, often small and inconspicuous, not forming cinctures. Individual spines straight to weakly sigmoid. Pygidium a simple ventral lobe.</p><p>Remarks. Species of Chaetocirratulus include a heterogeneous group of cirratulids that share characteristics of both the multitentaculate genus Cirratulus Lamarck, 1818 and the bitentaculate genus Chaetozone . The genus was established by Blake (2018) to accommodate a group of Chaetozone species that had large, often fusiform bodies with only a few acicular spines that were not arranged in spreading fascicles or in the more typical cinctures. Petersen (1991) had earlier recognized that these species did not agree with Chaetozone and referred them to the multitentaculate genus Cirratulus and redefined the genus to include species having two tentacular cirri in addition to multiple pairs of tentacles.</p><p>Two species previously described from the western North Atlantic Ocean considered to possibly belong to Chaetocirratulus are Chaetozone benthaliana McIntosh, 1885 from off Nova Scotia in 2275 m and Chaetozone gayheadia Hartman, 1961 from off New England in 300 m.</p><p>Comments on Chaetozone benthaliana . Chaetozone benthaliana is an enigma because the holotype (NHM ZK 1885.12.1.278) is represented only by a large posterior end collected as part of the Challenger Expedition from deep-water off Nova Scotia. This posterior fragment has been cut into two pieces, the largest of which has 80 setigers and is about 40 mm long and up to 7 mm wide. Most setae are broken off, but a few straight acicular spines are present in posterior setigers. Blake (2018: 121), without documentation, referred this taxon to Chaetocirratulus . However, given the lack of any anterior morphology, it is not possible to characterize this species to any genus of Cirratulidae based on the type specimen. I suggest, therefore, that C. benthaliana McIntosh be considered a species inquirendum and removed from the list of valid species of Chaetozone .</p><p>Kirkegaard (1983) referred a specimen from deep-water (1900 m) from the northeastern Atlantic southwest of Ireland to C. benthaliana and provided an illustrated description, but few details were provided and no explanation as to why he thought his specimen was the same species as the posterior end of C. benthaliana reported by McIntosh (1885) from off Canada. As part of a series of unpublished notes and sketches prepared by the late Dr. Mary E. Petersen and now in my possession are details of her observations on the specimen reported by Kirkegaard (1983). These notes were present in documents recovered from Dr. Petersen’s laboratory following her death in 2014. Dr. Petersen noted that the specimen was widest in the middle of the body, narrowing at both anterior and posterior ends and having ca. 100 setigers, 36 mm long and 5 mm wide. She noted that the prostomium was broadly triangular and wedge-shaped, but had a mid-dorsal notch or depression. The nature of the peristomium was not noted, but her sketches indicate that two peristomial rings were present, the anteriormost being large with a pair of lateral creases, not crossing the dorsal or ventral surfaces. The dorsal tentacles were missing but their scars were present in a notch on the anterior border of setiger 1; most branchiae were missing, but the scars of the first pair of branchiae were visible on setiger 1 dorsal to the notosetae. Parapodia were well developed with ridges apparent along most of the body. Most of the setae were broken off, but smooth capillaries and a few acicular spines, when present, were straight, not curved; their first occurrence could not be determined, however one or two spines were present in both noto- and neuropodia from setiger 91. The notes and detailed sketches prepared by Dr. Petersen of the NE Atlantic specimen suggest a species that differs from any specimens of Chaetocirratulus observed along the U.S. Atlantic coast in the present study and likely represents an undescribed species.</p><p>Unlike C. benthaliana, where only a posterior fragment is available, numerous specimens of C. gayheadia were available for study including postlarvae, juveniles, and mature adults. Detailed observations on these specimens are presented below. In addition, representatives of three additional species, new to science, were encountered. In the present study, the following species have been identified off the U.S. Atlantic coast and are treated in this study.</p><p>1. Chaetocirratulus gayheadius (Hartman, 1965) n. comb.</p><p>2. Chaetocirratulus hessleri n. sp.</p><p>3. Chaetocirratulus sandersi n. sp.</p><p>4. Chaetocirratulus tomaculus n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7113236A65DDFF14FD98FED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7112237165DDFEEDFD1DFC90.text	054C717B7112237165DDFEEDFD1DFC90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocirratulus gayheadius (Hartman 1965) Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetocirratulus gayheadius (Hartman, 1965) new combination</p><p>Figures 3–7</p><p>Table 1</p><p>Chaetozone gayheadia Hartman, 1965: 166; Hartman &amp; Fauchald 1971: 109–110 (in part); Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Cirratulus gayheadius: Petersen 1991: 592, 1999: 112, 117, Fig. 3A–D.</p><p>Chaetocirratulus gayheadius: Blake 2018: 121 .</p><p>Material examined. (96 specimens) Off New England, south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.905334)">Gay Head</a>, Martha’s Vineyard, near head of Alvin Canyon, R/ V Atlantis Cruise 283, Sta. Sl-3, coll. H.L. Sanders, Chief Scientist, 28 Aug 1962, 39°58.4′N, 70°40.3′W, 300 m, holotype (LACM-AHF Poly 0564), 21 paratypes (LACM-AHF Poly 0565). — Near Block Canyon, R / V Chain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.905334)">Cruise</a>, 58, coll. H.L. Sanders, Chief Scientist, Epibenthic sled, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.905334)">Sta. Ch</a> 105-B, 05 May 1966, 39°56.6′N, 71°03.6′W, 530 m, (62, LACM-AHF Poly 12721). — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.905334)">Off New</a> England, U.S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.905334)">North Atlantic</a> ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.905334)">Program</a>, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 12: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 15 Nov. 1984, 39°54.32′N, 70°55.09′W, 558 m (2, USNM 1660929) ; Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 04 May 1985, 39°54.31′N, 70°55.04′W, 551 m (3, USNM 1660930); Rep. 2, 04 May 1985, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 555 m (1, USNM 1660931); Cruise NA 4, Rep. 3, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.32ʹN, 70°55.12ʹW, 544 m (2, juv., USNM 1660932); Cruise NA-5, Rep. 2, 06 May 1986, 39°54.27′N, 70°55.17′W, 548 m (2. USNM 1660935); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 2, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 559 m (1, USNM 1660933); Rep. 3, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.24ʹN, 70°55.09ʹW, 563 m (1, juv., USNM 1660934) .</p><p>Comments on the material examined. Evaluation of the materials here referred to Chaetocirratulus gayheadius has proven to be difficult and complex. The type collection from R/V Atlantis Sta. Sl-3 at a depth of 300 m off the northeastern US reported by Hartman (1965) consists of the holotype and 21 paratypes. Of these, the holotype is regenerating the pre-setiger region and likely several anterior setigers and therefore cannot be used to characterize the species. The paratypes include juveniles of various sizes as well as small anterior and posterior fragments. None of the paratypes contain more than 30 setigers and none are sexually mature. As such, apart from characterizing post larvae and juveniles of the species, the type collection cannot by itself be used to characterize C. gayheadius . In contrast, the nearby sample from R/V Chain Sta. Ch 105-B from a depth of 530 m reported as Chaetozone gayheadia by Hartman &amp; Fauchald (1971) includes a full range of sizes, the smallest of which overlap the juvenile paratypes from the type collection in size and shape. In addition, larger specimens with up to 51 setigers are available to characterize the adult morphology of the species and allow it to be compared with its congeners. Both collections are from adjacent upper continental slope depths and are in proximity to submarine canyons. A few specimens from the New England upper continental slope collected as part of the ACSAR program are also available and agree with the morphology of the larger specimens from Sta. Ch 105-B. In order to characterize the species, an illustrated size range of the types and additional specimens is provided. Descriptions are provided for both the type specimens and the materials from Sta. Ch 105-B. An additional sample reported by Hartman &amp; Fauchald (1971) as Chaetozone gayheadia from nearby Veatch Canyon, from R/V Chain Sta. Ch-87 at a depth of 1102 m represents a different species (see below). Chaetocirratulus gayheadius thus appears to be limited to upper slope depths of about 300– 600 m.</p><p>Description of the holotype (LACM-AHF Poly 0564). Holotype regenerating pre-setiger region (Fig. 3A–B), complete, with 30 setigers, 5.6 mm long and 0.37 mm wide across anterior segments. Body slender throughout; anterior segments not expanded, individual segments distinctly separated from one another along most of body (Fig. 3A–C) but not moniliform, becoming crowded and narrower in last few segments (Fig. 3C). No dorsal or ventral grooves or depressions. Cross section of most segments rounded and slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Parapodia lateral throughout, with rami clearly separated. Color in alcohol: opaque white, without any pigmentation.</p><p>Prostomium and peristomium regenerating (Fig. 3A–B), merged together, narrow, not differentiated; mouth a narrow slit. Dorsal tentacles not regenerated. Branchiae arise just posterior to and dorsal to notosetae on right setigers 1–3 and on left setigers 1 and 3 (Fig. 3A–B). No branchiae more posteriorly, except on setiger 5.</p><p>Setae include smooth capillaries and sharp-tipped acicular spines. Notosetae of setigers 1–5 all capillaries, 3–4 per fascicle, each about as long as diameter of body, rather stiff. From setiger 6 notopodia provided with 1–2 pale, slender, curved acicular spines and 1–3 stiff capillaries. Notosetae of last 4–5 setigers long, dorsally oriented stiff capillaries. Neurosetae of setigers 1 to last (30) 2–3 pale, weakly curved acicular spines and 1–2 stiff capillaries. Neurosetae shorter than notosetae throughout.</p><p>Posterior segments tapering to pygidium (Fig. 3C). Pygidium a small, rounded ventral lobe enclosing terminal anus.</p><p>Methyl green staining. Body stains turquoise blue in irregular pre-setiger and postsetal areas; speckled bands present, mostly concentrated on anterior segments (Fig. 3B). Posterior setigers and pygidium with denser concentration of speckles (Fig. 3C). Branchiae irregularly speckled. Regenerating anterior end pale, not staining.</p><p>Remarks on the holotype. The holotype is regenerating the pre-setiger region and an undetermined number of anterior setigers. Since none of the paratypes from R/V Atlantis Sta. Sl-3 have neuropodial acicular spines before setiger 5, it is unlikely that setiger 1 of the regenerating holotype is the actual first setiger. Therefore, it is likely that in addition to the pre-setiger region, the holotype is also regenerating at least four anterior setigers. For this reason alone, the holotype cannot be used to characterize the species.</p><p>Description of the paratypes (LACM-AHF Poly 0565). All paratypes generally well preserved and in good condition. Most setae reasonably intact, many specimens with branchiae and a few with dorsal tentacles. Of 21 paratypes, six complete, nine anterior or posterior fragments, and six short complete, with enlarged anterior ends and narrow posterior ends (Figs. 3D–E, 4A–C).</p><p>Complete specimens range from 1.6 to 5.0 mm long and with 7 to 26 setigers. Greatest width of any paratype ca. 0.5 mm, not 1 mm as stated by Hartman (1965). Widest part of body first 1–7 anterior segments, then tapering posteriorly (Figs. 3D–E; 4A–D). Color in alcohol: pale to whitish; brown branchiae mentioned by Hartman (1965) not apparent, but may have faded or been lost.</p><p>Body shape generally linear, with 2–7 anterior segments largest, sometimes inflated depending on specimen; middle and posterior segments narrower, generally tapering posteriorly (Figs. 3D–E; 4A–D); anterior and some middle segments generally rounded or weakly moniliform, wider than long; most middle and posterior segments of larger specimens narrow, crowded, and tapering evenly towards simple narrow pygidium, rounded posteriorly (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Prostomium conical, tapering to narrow bluntly rounded apex (Figs. 3D–E; 4A–F); eyespots absent; nuchal organs curved slits on posterior lateral margin. Peristomium dorsally elevated, producing low dorsal crest; broader than prostomium; with two rings denoted only by lateral grooves in paratypes. Dorsal tentacles and first pair of branchiae arising from posterior margin of second peristomial ring; first branchiae located lateral to dorsal tentacles (Figs. 3D–E; 4E). Subsequent branchiae arising dorsal to and posterior to notosetae on following setigers.</p><p>Parapodia lateral throughout, rami well separated with setae emerging directly from body wall but anterior setigers with a bulged or swollen area providing a shoulder effect in some specimens. Anterior setae all long, simple capillaries, ca. 5–10 per noto- and neuropodia. Acicular spines typically present in neuropodia from setigers 5–10 and notopodia from setigers 7–11. Small post-larval specimens with either no acicular spines or from setiger 7–8 in neuropodia and none in notopodia. Spines one per podia initially, increasing to 2 or 3 in posterior segments; accompanied by 2 or 3 capillaries. Individual spines relatively straight, tapering to pointed tip (Fig. 4G).</p><p>Six short anterior ends with 6–7 large, rounded segments followed by narrow trunk with 2–7 narrow, crowded segments (Figs. 3D–E; 4A–C). These paratypes identified as regenerates and as evidence of asexual reproduction by Petersen (1999). However, these paratypes more likely represent post-larval growth patterns based on similar and more advanced specimens from Sta. Ch 105-B (see below).</p><p>Methyl green staining. All specimens stain, some more brightly than others. Dorsal tentacles usually stain along outer edges of ciliated groove, visible as two fine lines, turquoise to dark blue. Branchiae stain dark turquoise to dark blue, some but not all with small discrete speckles along one side, rather than evenly distributed (Fig. 3D–E). Pre-setiger region with a general mixture of dark blue and turquoise blue; coarser dark blue dots on a background of finer turquoise dots, with front of domed part of prostomium around the nuchal organs and extreme tip of the prostomium unstained or at most only lightly stained (Fig. 3D). Individual segments stain anterior to the parapodia and in an irregular transverse postsetal ring laterally and ventrally (Fig. 3D–E). Presetal rings present on some, but less dense. Areas where setae emerge unstained.</p><p>Description of non-type specimens from R/V Chain Sta. Ch 105-B (LACM-AHF Poly 12722). A wide range of sizes and shapes available (Figs. 5–7). Smaller specimens closely resemble small post-larval paratypes in having a thickened pre-setiger region and a few enlarged anterior setigers followed by a narrowing set of middle and posterior setigers (Fig. 5A–B); with growth, the middle and posterior segments become thicker, resulting in a more consistent width along body (Fig. 5C–F). Specimens illustrated in Figure 5 measure 2.5–4.9 mm long with 19–34 setigers (Table 1). A second slightly larger set of specimens illustrated in Figure 6A–F with thickened part of body extending through anterior and middle segments and a narrow, dorsoventrally flattened posterior region. These specimens 3.1–5.2 mm long with 30–42 setigers (Table 1); largest specimens illustrated in Fig. 7A–F. Specimen in Fig. 7A, 6.0 mm long with 40 setigers; largest specimen in sample 10.25 mm long with 51 setigers (Fig. 7B–D); specimen in Fig. 5E, 7.3 mm long with 46 setigers; specimen in Fig. 7F–G 7.0 mm long with 40 setigers. Three complete specimens partially contained within tubes consisting entirely of small sand particles (Fig. 7H–I). Color in alcohol white.</p><p>With growth, rounded anterior setigers characteristic of post-larvae and juveniles become shorter and wider; middle segments become larger, then narrow again posteriorly with posterior segments becoming wide and dorsoventrally flattened. Largest specimens assume a thickened sausage shape with most segments short and crowded along entire body (Fig. 7A–E). Largest specimens with anterior dorsal segmental surface relatively smooth with indistinct segmental grooves; in addition a narrow mid-dorsal groove develops along anterior and middle segments (Fig. 7E–F) and a mid-ventral ridge line develops along middle and posterior segments.</p><p>Pre-setiger region of adults relatively short, wider than long; about as long as first four setigers (Fig. 7C, E–G). Prostomium broadly triangular, narrowing to rounded tip (Fig. 7F–G); eyespots absent; nuchal organs posterior lateral slits, not pigmented. Peristomium with three rings observed dorsally (Fig. 7F) and two rings ventrally (Fig. 7G). Dorsally, posterior ring and setiger 1 clearly separated by an intersegmental groove (Fig. 7F); ventrally, separation of anterior ring apparent laterally and dorsally, but merged with second ring ventrally forming posterior lip of mouth (Fig. 7G); several specimens with dorsal separation between first and second rings weak or indistinct; dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin of third peristomial ring (Fig. 7F); first pair of branchiae lateral to dorsal tentacles. Second pair of branchiae arising dorsal to and posterior to notosetae on setiger 1 (Fig. 7F); subsequent branchiae arising in similar location on following setigers.</p><p>Parapodia swollen lateral lobes with noto- and neuropodia distinctly separated; pre- and postsetal lobes absent. Setae include capillaries and acicular spines; some specimens with a few long, natatory-like capillaries (Fig. 7B). Acicular spines all straight, tapering to narrow tip (Figs. 4G, 5H–I); neuropodial spines always occur more anteriorly than notopodial spines (Table 1). Except for largest specimens, neuropodial spines first present from setiger in first third of body, whereas notopodial spines arise more posteriorly in middle body segments. In largest specimens, origin of spines shifted more posteriorly to posterior third or fourth of body (Table 1). Smallest specimens with up to three neuropodial spines in a fascicle, whereas largest specimens, with only a single spine present, sometimes missing or skipping segments. For example, specimen illustrated in Fig. 5F–G with 40 setigerous segments with a single neuropodial spine first present from setiger 21 with spines missing from two subsequent segments, then resuming. These observations suggest inconsistent spine development with segmental growth in larger specimens. Setae of larger specimens include 7–8 long capillaries in anterior notopodia and 3–4 in posterior notopodia in addition to a single acicular spine; anterior neuropodia include 6–8 capillaries and posterior neuropodia with four capillaries plus an acicular spine in. Larger specimens have 1–2 additional long, natatory-like capillaries in anterior and middle notopodia (Fig. 7B).</p><p>Posterior end tapers to a narrow, triangular shaped pygidium terminating in a simple rounded lobe ventral to the anal opening (Fig. 7D).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Methyl green is concentrated on the pre-setiger region and first 3–4 setigers (Fig. 7B–C, E) with the strongest stain on the ventral side of the prostomium and lateral margins of the peristomium (Fig. 7C); additional stain occasionally retained laterally in grooves between anterior parapodia.</p><p>Comparative Remarks. The collection from Sta. Ch 105-B includes specimens ranging in size from about 2.5 to over 10 mm long and having 19 to 51 setigerous segments. These specimens overlap with smaller specimens from the type collection from Sta. Sl-3 and demonstrate a growth sequence from short post-larval forms to fully developed adults.</p><p>A general pattern of morphological change from postlarvae and juveniles to the adult body form is apparent when the full complement of specimens from Stations Sl-1 (types) and Ch 105-B are compared. Initially the postlarvae and juveniles have 6–7 enlarged anterior moniliform setigers and a developing trunk region with narrow crowded segments (Figs. 3D–E, 4A–C). With growth, the larger rounded anterior setigers become less distinct and more crowded, with the moniliform shape of separate segments disappearing; the body tapers posteriorly along a narrowing trunk region (Figs 4D, 5A–E). Exceptions to this pattern include the regenerating holotype that has apparently lost the enlarged anterior setigers (Fig. 3A–C) and one paratype (Fig. 4E) where most of the segments, while not moniliform, are narrow and crowded only near the posterior end.</p><p>With continued growth, the body of these worms becomes thicker (Fig. 6A–F) with little or no difference in size anywhere along the body; in addition, the posterior segments become dorsoventrally flattened. The largest specimens are sausage-shaped with no apparent difference in width anywhere along the body (Fig. 7A–E) except for a short pre-setiger region that is noticeably narrower than the following inflated and enlarged anterior setigers. This short and narrow anterior end on an inflated sausage-shaped body provides the adults of this species with a characteristic appearance not encountered in other cirratulids. The dorsal surface is relatively smooth on anterior segments with indistinct segmental grooves and a narrow dorsal groove. Juveniles have two peristomial rings, whereas in the large adults, the anterior ring of juveniles is dorsally separated into two rings resulting in three rings, but the anterior two rings are merged ventrally forming the posterior lip of the mouth.</p><p>Four species of Chaetocirratulus have been identified from samples along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope. Of these, C. gayheadius, C. hessleri n. sp., and C. tomaculus n. sp. all have three peristomial rings, but differ in the nature and fate of these rings on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. Only C. hessleri n. sp. has a distinct dorsal crest that interrupts the three rings, whereas in C. gayheadius and C. tomaculus n. sp. the three peristomial rings are complete and not interrupted by a crest. Chaetocirratulus gayheadius differs from C. tomaculus n. sp. in having the anterior dorsal segmental surface relatively smooth with indistinct segmental grooves and a narrow dorsal groove. In contrast, the dorsal surface of C. tomaculus n. sp. exhibits a distinct segmental pattern on the dorsal surface with deep intersegmental grooves and no dorsal groove. The morphology of the four local species of Chaetocirratulus is compared in Table 2.</p><p>Biology. The sandy tubes found on three specimens from Sta. Ch 105-B is unusual. For most benthic cirratulids, tubes, when reported, are lined with thickened mucous or fine silt particles. Some species of Kirkegaardia have been reported to project their branchiae into the overlying water through openings in mucoid tubes (Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019). Other species of Kirkegaardia form burrows within mud balls that serve as refuge or habitat (Blake 2016; Blake &amp; Magalhães 2019). The presence of tubes consisting of tightly adhering clean sand particles in C. gayheadius (Fig. 7H–I) suggests a form of particle selection and cementing of these into tubes by the worms, the purpose of which is unknown.</p><p>Although long, natatory-like setae are present on the largest specimens, none were found with gametes.</p><p>Distribution. Off New England, 300– 558 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7112237165DDFEEDFD1DFC90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7109237665DDFC2DFA42FBF8.text	054C717B7109237665DDFC2DFA42FBF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocirratulus hessleri Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetocirratulus hessleri new species</p><p>Figures 8–9</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 823AE4D8-8C7C-42A8-A423-A4FCA8EDC548</p><p>Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. Off New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36ʹ.84ʹN, 72°51.46ʹW, 2056 m, holotype (USNM 1660936). — Off New England, U.S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.3535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.022835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.3535/lat 41.022835)">North Atlantic</a> ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise NA-3, Rep. 1, 03 Jul 1985, 41°01.37ʹN, 66°21.21ʹW, 1337 m, paratype (USNM 1660937) .</p><p>Description. A large species, holotype complete, with 90 setigers, 40 mm long and 3 mm wide across anterior setigers. Body elongate, not inflated along body but gradually narrowing in far posterior segments. Parapodia located laterally along body with intersegmental grooves not apparent in anterior setigers and only weakly so in posterior segments; dorsal surface elevated above parapodia, rounded and relatively smooth (Fig. 8A); venter similarly flattened, also lacking distinct intersegmental grooves in first half of body; distinct intersegmental grooves only apparent laterally between anterior parapodia. Dorsal and ventral grooves absent but with a narrow white line along venter, probably representing ventral nerve cord extending from posterior margin of peristomium posteriorly along most of body. Color in alcohol tan in first half of body, grey in posterior half. Distinct areas of dark, dusky pigment apparent on ventral surface of peristomium posterior to mouth and first two setigers, extending higher on sides; same pigment present on posterior border of first 4–5 parapodia (Fig. 9A, C–D).</p><p>Pre-setiger region about as wide as long. Prostomium broadly triangular, tapering to rounded apex (Fig. 8A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs at posterior lateral margins, mostly hidden by peristomium. Peristomium with three rings (Figs. 8A, 9A, C); first ring surrounding prostomium dorsally and forming posterior lip of mouth ventrally (Fig. 9A, D); second and third rings incomplete dorsally with a weakly developed dorsal crest (Fig. 8A). A short transverse notch present dorsally between first and second peristomial rings (Fig. 8A). Dorsal tentacles arise from posterior margin of third peristomial ring, with first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles (Figs. 8A, 9C). Subsequent segmental branchiae dorsal to notosetae on posterior margin of individual parapodia. Branchiae present to about setiger 40.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior segments swollen, bearing distinct noto- and neuropodia from which setae arise (Fig. 9C). Parapodia less conspicuous in middle and posterior segments. Setae include long, smooth capillaries and acicular spines. Capillaries numbering 19–21 per noto- and neuropodia in anterior setigers, reduced to 6–7 in middle segments and 2–3 in posterior setigers. Some capillaries with thicker shafts transitioning to acicular spines at about setiger 55–57 in both noto- and neuropodia (Fig. 8C). Individual spines with straight, not sigmoid, shafts and with bluntly rounded tips (Fig. 8C–D). Spines 1–2 per notopodium and 2–3 per neuropodium, accompanied by 2–3 capillaries.</p><p>Pygidium with smoothly rounded ventral lobe and 3–4 short dorsal lobes surrounding anal opening (Figs. 8B, 9B).</p><p>Variability. The paratype (USNM 1660937) is damaged, mostly complete, measuring 9.0 mm long and 1.2 mm wide with about 45 setigers, but at least five posterior segments missing. Last peristomial ring and first three setigers with black pigment spots on venter as in holotype . Most anterior and middle setae broken, but thick acicular spine observed in neuropodia of setiger 10. Three peristomial rings observed; dorsal crest present, but not as well developed as on holotype.</p><p>Methyl green staining. Methyl green imparts a distinctive pattern to the pre-setiger region and anterior parapodia (Fig. 9E–F). The entire prostomium and peristomium retain stain except for mid-dorsal and posterior-lateral clear areas. The anterior parapodia concentrate stain, which extends ventrally as a band onto the venter. The branchiae typically have numerous stained spots along their length; dorsal tentacles do not stain.</p><p>Remarks. Of the four species of Chaetocirratulus encountered in this study, three, including C. hessleri n. sp., have three peristomial rings. However, C. hessleri n. sp. is the only one to have a dorsal crest on the peristomium. In addition, C. hessleri n. sp. is the only one with conspicuous dark pigment on the ventral surface of the peristomium and first two setigers where it continues up and onto the lateral sides; the same pigment is also found on the posterior border of setigers 1–5. A comparison of all four species of Chaetocirratulus treated in this study is found in Table 2.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the late Dr. Robert E. Hessler, prominent deep-sea ecologist whose pioneering studies with Dr. Howard Sanders on the North Atlantic deep-sea benthos introduced the world to the undiscovered richness and diversity of deep-sea benthos.</p><p>Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, off New Jersey and Delaware, 2056 m; off New England, 1337 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7109237665DDFC2DFA42FBF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B710E237465DDFB05FC30F84F.text	054C717B710E237465DDFB05FC30F84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocirratulus sandersi Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetocirratulus sandersi new species</p><p>Figures 10–11</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B641B107-211D-4486-8C92-8A6710D46B48</p><p>Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. Off New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 2A: Cruise Mid-1, Leg 1, R/ V Cape Hatteras, 01 Apr 1984, 38°35.78ʹN, 72°53.656ʹW, 2013 m, holotype (USNM 1660938) .</p><p>Description. A moderately large species, holotype complete but damaged, 18 mm long, 3.5 mm wide across anterior setigers, with ca. 80 setigers; middle body segments about 4.5 mm wide, then narrowing to posterior end. Specimen partially damaged between setigers 19–20, distorting overall shape, but both sections remain joined (Fig. 11A). Body fusiform, widest in middle segments, with narrow crowded segments (Figs. 10A–B, 11A). Parapodia lateral with dorsal and ventral surfaces broad, with distinct intersegmental grooves across both surfaces (Fig. 10A– B). Dorsum elevated with distinct mid-dorsal groove (Fig. 10A), deepest along anterior segments, less prominent in middle and posterior segments; venter also elevated, but not as high, also with mid-ventral groove along anterior segments, with narrow ridge in groove (Fig. 10B). Middle and posterior segments lacking ventral groove. Color in alcohol light tan; venter of peristomium with a few minute scattered pigment spots.</p><p>Pre-setiger region broadly triangular, wider than long, about as long as first five setigers (Figs. 10A–B, 11A). Prostomium short, wedge-shaped, narrowing to rounded anterior margin (Fig. 10A–D); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits at posterior lateral margins. Peristomium with two rings, first largest with several transverse grooves or slits; dorsally surrounding posterior prostomium (Fig. 10A, C); ventrally forming large lip around mouth (Fig. 10 B, D); second ring narrower, dorsally bearing a pair of dorsal tentacles and first branchiae lateral to tentacles (Fig. 10A, C). Subsequent branchiae on setigers dorsal to notosetae. Most branchiae missing; a few short narrow filamentous branchiae retained in middle segments.</p><p>Parapodia well-developed along entire body, with those of first 20 anterior setigers largest and most prominent (Fig. 10A–C); noto- and neuropodia distinct ridges from which setae arise; separate postsetal lamellae not present. Setae include long, smooth capillaries and acicular spines. Capillaries numbering 9–10 per noto- and neuropodia in anterior setigers, reduced to 5–6 in middle segments and 1–3 in posterior setigers. Some capillaries with thicker shafts transitioning to acicular spines in mid-body at about setigers 27 (neuropodia) and 31 (notopodia). Individual spines with straight, not sigmoid, shafts and narrow rounded tips (Fig. 11C–D). Spines 1–2 per notopodium and 2–3 per neuropodium, accompanied by 1–3 capillaries.</p><p>Pygidium with a simple rounded, terminal lobe ventral to anal opening (Fig. 11B).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Methyl green stains the pre-setiger region heavily on both sides (Fig. 10C–D), continuing on the parapodia and producing transverse bands across the venter of anterior setigers (Fig. 10D); dorsal tentacles and branchiae not staining.</p><p>Remarks. Among four species of Chaetocirratulus reported in this study from the U.S. Atlantic continental slope, C. sandersi n. sp. is the only one to have two peristomial rings instead of three. These are complete both dorsally and ventrally. No body pigment is present and there are distinct mid-dorsal and ventral grooves, the latter of which has a medial ridge. The morphology of the four species is compared in Table 2.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the late Dr. Howard Sanders, prominent ecologist whose classic studies with the late Dr. Robert Hessler on the North Atlantic deep-sea benthos introduced us to the undiscovered richness of deep-sea benthic infauna.</p><p>Distribution. Off New Jersey and Delaware, continental slope, 2013 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B710E237465DDFB05FC30F84F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7103237E65DDFF14FBCEFCC3.text	054C717B7103237E65DDFF14FBCEFCC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocirratulus tomaculus Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetocirratulus tomaculus new species</p><p>Figures 12–14</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D1107CE4-A9FD-45B8-A942-937217AF999F</p><p>Chaetozone gayheadia: Hartman &amp; Fauchald 1971 (in part). Not Hartman 1965.</p><p>Material examined. (147 specimens) Off New England Near Veatch Canyon, R/ V Chain Sta. Cruise 50, coll. R. R. Hessler, Chief Scientist, Sta. Ch 87: coll. 06 Jul 1965, 39°48.7′N, 70°40.8′W, 1102 m, holotype (LACM-AHF 12722), 11 paratypes (LACM-AHF Poly 12728); 130+ specimens including juveniles (LACM-AHF Poly 12729).— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.023834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33683/lat 41.023834)">Off New</a> England, U.S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.023834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33683/lat 41.023834)">North Atlantic</a> ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.023834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33683/lat 41.023834)">Program</a>, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise NA-3, Rep. 3, 03 Jul 1985, 41°01.43′N, 66°20.21′W, 1328 m (1, USNM 1660943) ; Cruise NA-5, Rep. 3, 28 Apr 1986, 41°01.35′N, 66°20.24′W, 1355 m (1, USNM 1660940) . Sta. 9: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 12 Nov 1984, 39°50.44′N, 70°01.76′W, 1228 m (1, USNM 166041) . Sta. 10: Cruise NA 4, Rep. 2, 27 Nov 1985, 39°48.07ʹN, 70°05.32ʹW, 1234 m (1 juv., USNM 1660939); Rep. 3, 27 Nov 1985, 39°48.10ʹN, 70°05.33ʹW, 1219 m (1, USNM 1660942) .</p><p>Description. A moderately sized species, with a thick grub-like or sausage-shaped body, widest in middle segments, tapering at anterior and posterior ends (Fig. 13A). Holotype (Fig. 12A–B) with 48 setigers, 9.9 mm long and 1.0 mm wide across middle segments. Largest paratype with 52 setigers, 14.1 mm long and 2.1 mm wide (Fig. 13A). Parapodia located laterally along body with intersegmental grooves well developed throughout. Dorsal surface elevated above parapodia, rounded with surface partitioned into rows of longitudinal ridges or blocks along most of body (Figs. 12C, 14B); venter similarly configured with prominent intersegmental grooves, ridges and blocks. Dorsal and ventral grooves absent, but with a narrow ridge along venter extending from peristomium to posterior end. Color in alcohol tan; with minute inconspicuous pigment spots present or absent on ventral surface of peristomium posterior to mouth and first two setigers.</p><p>Pre-setiger region short, about as wide as long; as long as first 4–5 setigers (Fig. 12A). Prostomium short, wide, broadly rounded anteriorly (Figs. 12A–B, 13A–C, 14B); smaller specimens with prostomium weakly triangular with narrower tip (Fig. 14E–G); eyespots absent; nuchal organs at posterior lateral margins, mostly hidden by peristomium. Peristomium with three rings, complete dorsally separated by distinct grooves lacking dorsal crest (Fig. 12A); incomplete ventrally (Fig. 12B); first peristomial ring surrounding prostomium dorsally and ventrally forming posterior lip of mouth and merged with second ring forming a large relatively smooth peristomial area only separated indistinctly by a shallow transverse groove (Figs. 12B, 13C); merged first and second ring narrowing, then continuing posteriorly overlapping third ring and middle of first 2–3 anterior setigers, continuing posteriorly as narrow mid-ventral ridge along entire body (Fig. 12B). Dorsal tentacles arise from posterior margin of third peristomial ring and with first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles (Fig. 12A). Subsequent segmental branchiae occur dorsal to notosetae on posterior margin of individual parapodia. Branchiae missing on many specimens with stubs or scars present to about mid-body.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior segments bearing short, narrow noto- and neuropodia from which setae arise. Podia less conspicuous in middle and posterior segments. Setae include long, smooth capillaries and acicular spines. Capillaries numbering 19–22 per noto- and neuropodia in anterior setigers, reduced to 6–7 in middle segments and 2–3 in posterior setigers. Acicular spines in far posterior neuropodia first occurring in setigers 39–41 in largest specimens with 45–52 setigers; notopodial spines (Fig. 12D) in a few posteriormost setigers of same specimens, but irregular and may be absent on some setigers. Neuropodial spines 2–3 per neuropodium, each with straight shafts tapering to bluntly rounded tips (Figs. 12E–F; 13E, 14D); notopodial spines when present, each with slightly curved shafts tapering to sharply pointed tips (Fig. 12D); spines accompanied by 1–3 capillaries.</p><p>Pygidium with narrow rounded ventral lobe (Figs. 12C, 13D); with 4–5 short dorsal lobes surrounding anal opening (Figs. 12C).</p><p>Variability. Smaller specimens are narrower and thick, but with less of a sausage shape; some thick anteriorly, tapering posteriorly. Four smaller specimens are illustrated: Fig.14 E (2.2 mm long, 0.44 mm wide with 21 setigers); Fig. 14 F (2.8 mm long, 0.38 mm wide with 31 setigers) Fig. 14G (2.8 mm long, 0.43 mm wide with 26 setigers; Fig. 14H (3.6 mm long, 0.39 mm wide with 30 setigers). Acicular spines first present from setiger 6–10 in neuropodia and 8–10 in notopodia in these specimens. Specimen from NA-4, Sta. 10, comma-shaped, 3.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 33 setigers and first hooks in neuropodia from setiger 10.</p><p>Methyl green staining. Pre-setiger region with distinctive pattern; posterior half of prostomium with broad dorsal band; anterior margin not stained. Peristomium stained laterally, leaving dorsal surface unstained; two bands of lateral stain continuing across venter; similar lateral and ventral bands present on 4–6 anterior setigers (Fig. 14A–C).</p><p>Abbreviations: dT, dorsal tentacle; Ne, neuropodial; No, notopodial; set, setiger.</p><p>Remarks. Globally, Chaetocirratulus tomaculus n. sp. is most similar to the type species Chaetocirratulus andersenensis (Augener, 1932) from Antarctica in having a broadly rounded prostomium, three peristomial rings and acicular spines limited to far posterior segments (Blake 2018). However, C. andersenensis has a distinctly short fusiform-shaped body and blunt-tipped acicular spines in both noto- and neuropodia, whereas C. tomaculus n. sp. has an elongate sausage-shaped body and blunt-tipped spines limited to neuropodia; notopodial spines are few and taper to a sharply pointed tip. In addition, the three peristomial rings of C. andersenensis are complete both dorsally and ventrally, whereas the rings are incomplete ventrally in C. tomaculus n. sp. with the first two rings merged, narrowing posteriorly and overlapping the third ring and several anterior setigers.</p><p>Locally, Chaetocirratulus tomaculus n. sp. is similar to C. hessleri n. sp. in having three peristomial rings, acicular spines limited to posterior setigers, and a similar methyl green staining pattern. However, C. tomaculus n. sp. has a broadly rounded prostomium instead of one that is triangular and narrows to an apical point, all three peristomial rings are complete dorsally instead of incomplete with a dorsal crest in C. hessleri n. sp. All four U.S. Atlantic species are compared in Table 2.</p><p>Biology. One large paratype with coelom packed with oocytes measuring 100–120 µm in diameter. No sediment data is available from Station Ch 87.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet, tomaculus, is from the Latin, tomacina, for a kind of sausage, in reference to the sausage-shaped body of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Off New England, continental slope depths of 1102–1328 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7103237E65DDFF14FBCEFCC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7106237D65DDFCD7FE3AFC69.text	054C717B7106237D65DDFCD7FE3AFC69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone Malmgren 1867	<div><p>Genus Chaetozone Malmgren, 1867</p><p>Type species: Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Emended from Blake 2018). Prostomium conical to pointed, usually lacking eyespots, with a pair of small nuchal slits or depressions at posterior edge, sometimes pigmented. Peristomium with a single pair of grooved dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin or sometimes more posterior on an achaetous anterior segment, or rarely on an anterior setiger. First pair of branchiae arising near dorsal tentacles, an achaetous segment or first setiger; sometimes with first two pairs of branchiae on a single anterior segment. Body usually expanded anteriorly and narrowed posteriorly, middle or posterior body segments sometimes moniliform; posterior end often expanded. Setae include capillaries on most setigers and acicular spines in neuropodia and notopodia, with spines typically concentrated in posterior segments, usually forming distinct armature with spines carried on cinctured segments with elevated membranes; cinctures with few to many spines sometimes encircling entire posterior end, accompanied with none to many alternating capillaries; bidentate spines sometimes present in juveniles or occasionally in ventral-most position of far posterior setigers of adults, accompanying unidentate spines in cinctures; some species with long, natatory-like capillary notosetae, sometimes limited to gravid individuals. Pygidium a simple lobe, disklike, with long terminal cirrus, or few short lobes.</p><p>Remarks. Species of Chaetozone are recognized by having acicular spines in both noto- and neuropodia and with those of posterior segments frequently numerous and arranged in conspicuous spreading fascicles that often entirely encircle the body providing a characteristic armature. However, the species identified from the Atlantic slope and Georges Bank MMS surveys in the 1980s were classified according to the genera as defined by Hartman (1961, 1969). Effectively, any bitentaculate species having unidentate spines were referred to the genus Chaetozone . Because of this, several of the provisional taxa that were referred to Chaetozone from those surveys are now included in the genera Chaetocirratulus or Tharyx . Nevertheless, several species encountered in this study do have a reduced number of acicular spines that are not superficially conspicuous and as such are peripheral to the above definition. As part of this study, 12 species of Chaetozone, nine new to science are reported. In order to simplify the presentation of the 12 species of Chaetozone being reported here, they are grouped and arranged according to three categories with shared morphological characteristics. Each of these three categories or groups are introduced and discussed in order. The following 12 species of Chaetozone are treated in the present study:</p><p>The Chaetozone curvata group:</p><p>Chaetozone adunca n. sp.</p><p>Chaetozone anasima Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p><p>Chaetozone brychiata n. sp.</p><p>The Chaetozone gracilis group:</p><p>Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp.</p><p>Chaetozone castouria n. sp.</p><p>Chaetozone novagracilis n. sp.</p><p>Chaetozone paucispinosa n. sp.</p><p>The Chaetozone setosa group:</p><p>Chaetozone diodonta Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p><p>Chaetozone donerae n. sp.</p><p>Chaetozone hystricosa Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p><p>Chaetozone lophia n. sp.</p><p>haetozone profunda n. sp.</p><p>The Chaetozone curvata group</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone curvata Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 from nearshore habitats in Chile was the first species of Chaetozone to be described having acicular spines with a narrow filamentous tip that curves back and merges with the shaft. Subsequently, six additional species were described with this type of spine (Blake 1996, 2006, 2015, 2018; Doner &amp; Blake 2006; Dean &amp; Blake 2007); two new species representing the eighth and ninth species in this group are reported in the present study; additional specimens of C. anasima are also reported and described. The two new species are the first from deep-water belonging to this group. The morphology of all nine species in the C. curvata group is compared in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7106237D65DDFCD7FE3AFC69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7105234765DDFC75FCBEFC9B.text	054C717B7105234765DDFC75FCBEFC9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone adunca Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone adunca new species</p><p>Figures 15–16</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0936557E-257C-466D-8857-A24CF9309413</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 11: Blake et al. 1987: 61, 68, C-2; Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2; Blake &amp; Grassle 1994: 850, 855; Blake &amp; Hilbig 1994: 883–884, 896; Hilbig 1994: 940.</p><p>Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 1: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. (407 specimens) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.795&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.47167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.795/lat 35.47167)">Off Cape Hatteras</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.795&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.47167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.795/lat 35.47167)">North Carolina</a>, US South Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 9: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 22 Jul 1984, 35°28.30′N, 74°47.70′W, 579 m , holotype (USNM 1660944), 7 paratypes (USNM 1660945); Rep. 2, 22 Jul 1984, 3°28.40′N, 74°47.50′W, 614 m, 18 paratypes (USNM 1660946); Rep. 3, 22 Jul 1984, 35°28.30′N, 74°47.60′W, 598 m, 32 paratypes (USNM 1660947); Cruise SA-4, Rep. 1, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.44′W, 640 m, 23 paratypes (USNM 1660948); Rep. 2, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.56′W, 603 m, 9 paratypes (USNM 1660949); Rep. 3, 24 May 1985, 35°28.28′N, 74°47.52′W, 623 m, 25 paratypes (USNM 1660950); Cruise SA-5, Rep. 1, 25 Sep 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.46′W, 629 m, 18 paratypes (USNM 1660951); Rep. 2, 25 Sep 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.47′W, 629 m, 23 paratypes (USNM 1660952).— MMS <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.79034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.472668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.79034/lat 35.472668)">Cape Hatteras Survey</a>, August 1992, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. SA-9: 35°28.36′N, 74°47.42′W, 620 m (57, USNM 1660953) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.77634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.707832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.77634/lat 35.707832)">Sta.</a> CH-1: 35°42.47′N, 74°46.58′W, 804 m (15, USNM 1660954) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.76867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.76867/lat 35.618)">Sta.</a> CH-3, 35°37.08′N, 74°46.12′W, 812 m (7, USNM 1660955) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.7935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.500168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.7935/lat 35.500168)">Sta.</a> CH-18: 35°30.01′N, 74°47.61′W, 530 m (1, USNM 1660956) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.7765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.4965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.7765/lat 35.4965)">Sta.</a> CH-19: 35°29.79′N, 74°46.59′W, 812 m (13, USNM 1660957) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.80583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.418335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.80583/lat 35.418335)">Sta.</a> CH-34: 35°25.10′N, 74°48.35′W, 775 m (8, USNM 1660958) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.87183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.369835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.87183/lat 35.369835)">Sta.</a> CH-41: 35°22.19′N, 74°52.31′W, 590 m (6, USNM 1660959) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.844&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.354668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.844/lat 35.354668)">Sta.</a> CH-42: 35°21.28′N, 74°50.64′W, 785 m (1, USNM 1660960) . — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.73167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.241665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.73167/lat 34.241665)">Off Cape Lookout</a>, North Carolina, ACSAR, Sta. 2: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 15 Jul 1984, 34°14.50′N, 75°43.90′W, 984 m (1, USNM 1660961) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.72833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.72833/lat 34.25)">Rep</a> 3, 15 Jul 1984, 34°15.00′N, 75°43.70′W, 1002 m (2, USNM 1660962) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.01867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.3945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.01867/lat 32.3945)">Off Charleston</a>, South Carolina, ACSAR Sta. 14: Cruise SA-4, Rep. 3, 20 May 1985, 32°23.67′N, 77°01.12′W, 803 m (1, USNM 1660963) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.538666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.353832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.538666/lat 40.353832)">Off New</a> England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 4: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°21.23′N, 67°32.32′W, 563 m (3, USNM 1660964) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.53883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.353832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.53883/lat 40.353832)">Rep.</a> 2, 28 Apr 1985, 40°21.23′N, 67°32.33′W, 572 m (6, USNM 1660965) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.67233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.67233/lat 40.459)">Sta.</a> 7: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.54′N, 67°40.34′W, 560 m (19, USNM 1660966) ; Rep. 2, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.49′N, 67°40.29′W, 560 m (21, USNM 1660967); Rep. 3, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.52′N, 67°40.36′W, 560 m (1, USNM 1660968); Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.50′N, 67°40.27′W, 560 m (10, USNM 1660969); Rep. 2, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.46′N, 67°40.22′W, 560 m (22, USNM 1660970); Rep. 3, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.44′N, 67°40.19′W, 558 m (4, USNM 1660971); Cruise NA-3, Rep. 1, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.47′N, 67°40.26′W, 556 m (22, USNM 1660972); Rep. 2, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.50′N, 67°40.22′W, 555 m (12, USNM 1660973); Rep. 3, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.48′N, 67°40.21′W, 560 m (18, USNM 1660974); Sta. 12: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 04 May 1985, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 555 m (1, USNM 1660975); Cruise NA-5, Rep. 2, 06 May 1986, 39°54.27′N, 70°55.17′W, 548 m (1, USNM 1660976); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 2, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 559 m (1, USNM 1660977); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 3, 30 Jul 1986,, 39°54.24′N, 70°55.09′W, 563 m (1, USNM 1660978) .</p><p>Description. A moderately sized species, holotype with 75 setigers, 10.25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide across setiger 1, increasing over swollen anterior segments to 1.1 mm wide, and then decreasing posteriorly to 0.5 mm wide. Body variable in shape, larger specimens with a swollen thoracic region (Fig. 15A); most specimens with thorax only slightly enlarged (Fig. 16A–B). Individual segments short, narrow, about five times wider than long at first, with some middle thoracic segments 6–8 times wider than long in some specimens; posterior cinctured segments about twice as wide as long (Figs. 15B, 16F). Venter with shallow groove along most of body, absent in posterior cinctured segments. Dorsum with narrow groove in mid-body segments (Fig. 15A), reduced posteriorly. Posterior cinctured segments with deep intersegmental grooves (Figs. 15B, 16F) and a low elevated membrane from which capillaries and acicular spines emerge (Fig. 16B). Color in alcohol light tan; no apparent pigmentation.</p><p>Pre-setiger region long, narrow, smooth, about as long as first ten setigers (Fig. 15A). Prostomium long, narrow, triangular, pointed anteriorly, merging seamlessly with peristomium (Fig. 15A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits. Peristomium triangular, not divided into rings, with weakly developed shallow lateral grooves visible on some specimens; dorsum narrow, producing weakly developed dorsal crest (Fig. 15A). Peristomium merging seamlessly with setiger 1; dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin with first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles (Fig. 15A); second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1 and posterior to position of first branchiae; subsequent branchiae from setiger 2 in same location dorsal to notosetae; present along most of body, but most missing and reduced to stubs or scars.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; posterior parapodia swollen, with low raised membrane from which setae arise forming prominent segmental cinctures on last 20–25 setigers. Setiger 1 and thoracic segments with 9–12 capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia; capillaries mostly of moderate size; a few long, natatory-like capillaries present or absent, but not associated with sexual maturity. Acicular spines first present in holotype from setiger 58 in notopodia and setiger 55 in neuropodia; spines 1–2 at first, increasing posteriorly, transitioning into full cinctures with 14 spines in notopodia and 13 neuropodia, up to 27 spines on a side (Fig. 16C); spines alternating with capillaries as long as or slightly longer than spines; cinctures with only narrow dorsal, lateral, and ventral gaps between noto- and neuropodial fascicles providing a prominent armature (Fig. 16C–D). Notopodial spines clearly longer than neuropodial spines (Fig. 16C). Individual spines with basal manubrium at emergence from podial lobes; spines curving and tapering gradually to narrow blunted tip at first (Figs. 15C, E–G, 16D–E); more posterior spines with narrow hooked tip (Fig. 15H–J); last 3–5 cinctures bearing spines where tip of hook curves back and merges with shaft (Figs. 15D, K).</p><p>Body narrowing sharply in last few cinctured segments, terminating in simple pygidium with a small, semicircular disk ventral to anal opening (Figs. 15B, 16F).</p><p>Methyl green staining. A distinct MG pattern present (Fig. 16G), with the entire pre-setiger region staining intensely, with only the tip of prostomium and a diagonal transverse band between the prostomium and peristomium not staining; about 9–10 anterior segments also retaining stain laterally and ventrally; rest of body only staining weakly, with no pattern; de-stains rapidly; pre-setiger and anterior segmental stain retained well after return to alcohol.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. belongs to the C. curvata group and represents the eighth species to be reported with acicular spines having a narrow tip that curves back and merges with the shaft. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. differs from others in this group by having a smooth pre-setiger region that is not divided into separate rings and with most segments having the acicular spines narrowing to a blunt or curved tip, with the spines having recurved tips limited to the posteriormost cinctured segments. This transition from blunt-tipped spines to the recurved type has not been previously reported in the genus. Two other species in group are also reported in the present paper: C. anasima and C. brychiata n. sp. (see below). All known species in the C. curvata group are compared in Table 3.</p><p>TABLE 3. (Continued)</p><p>Abbreviations: ant, anterior; br, branchiae; neuro, neuropodium; noto, notopodium; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; Set, setiger.</p><p>Biology. Chaetozone adunca n. sp., as Chaetozone sp. 11, was reported as among the dominant species off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, during the ACSAR surveys (Blake et al. 1987, Blake &amp; Grassle 1994) and the separate Cape Hatteras Survey (Blake &amp; Hilbig 1994). Station 9 is an ACSAR upper continental slope station located at a depth of about 600 m in an area that exhibits high sedimentation rates and is influenced by the Western Boundary undercurrent (WBUC) and Gulf Stream (Blake &amp; Grassle 1994). Perhaps because of the high sedimentation rates, infaunal densities at Station 9 at an average of 46,255 individuals per m 2 were the highest found at any location along the entire U.S. Atlantic continental slope (Blake et al. 1987; Blake &amp; Grassle 1994). Similarly high densities were reported by Blake &amp; Hilbig (1994) at stations (SA-9 and CH-1, CH-3, CH-18, CH-19, CH-34, CH-41 and CH-42) in the 500–800 m range as part of the separate Cape Hatteras survey.</p><p>At total of 145 species of benthic invertebrates were identified as Station SA-9 from nine samples collected on three surveys as part of the ACSAR program (Blake &amp; Grassle 1994). Chaetozone adunca n. sp. (as C. sp. 11) ranked 11 th out of 20 dominant species at Station 9. The five most abundant annelids identified at this site in order of abundance were Cossura longocirrata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887, Scalibregma inflatum, Rathke, 1843, Limnodriloides medioporus Cook, 1969, Tubificoides intermedius (Cook, 1969) and Aricidea quadrilobata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887.</p><p>Chaetozone adunca n. sp. also occurred at several upper slope stations in the North Atlantic ACSAR program, but was never among the dominant species (Maciolek et al. 1987b).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin, aduncus, for bent inward, in reference to the inwardly curved tip of some of the acicular spines of this species.</p><p>Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, 530–1003 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7105234765DDFC75FCBEFC9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B713F234565DDFC1FFB12FB08.text	054C717B713F234565DDFC1FFB12FB08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone anasima Doner & Blake 2006	<div><p>Chaetozone anasima Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p><p>Figure 17</p><p>Chaetozone setosa Blake et al. 1998b: C-1 (in part). Not Malmgren, 1867.</p><p>Chaetozone anasimus Doner &amp; Blake, 2006: 67–68 ., figs. 2, 5C, G).</p><p>Chaetozone anasima: Blake &amp; Levesque 2017: 572–575 .</p><p>Material examined. (208 specimens) Northeastern USA, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, MMS Benthic Infauna Monitoring Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist: Sta. 14A: Cruise M-6, Rep. 2, 20 Nov 1982, 41°57.5′W, 68°31.2′W, 168 m, (1, USNM 1660979) ; Cruise M-7, Rep. 1, 06 Feb 1983, 41°57.5′W, 68°31.0′W, 168 m (1, USNM 1660980) ; Rep. 4 (2, USMM 1660981) ; Cruise M-8, Rep. 5, 14 May 1983, 41°57.5′W, 68°31.1′W, 170 m (1, USMM 1660982) ; Cruise M-9, Rep. 1, 13 Jul 1983, 41°57.5′W, 68°31.0′W, 179 m (1, USMM 1660983) .— Massachusetts Bay, MWRA Harbor and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.4225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.4225/lat 42.133335)">Outfall Monitoring Program</a>: 1995 August <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.4225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.4225/lat 42.133335)">Survey</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.4225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.4225/lat 42.133335)">Sta.</a> FF-05: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.4225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.4225/lat 42.133335)">Rep.</a> 2, Aug 1995, 42°08.00′N, 70°25.35′W, 61 m (11, MCZ 161922) . Sta. FF-11: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.5/lat 42.658333)">Rep.</a> 2, Aug 1995, 42°39.50′N, 70°30.00′W, 87 m (22, MCZ 161923) ; Rep. 3 (21 MCZ 161924) . 1997 August Survey, Sta. FF-04: Aug 1997, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.288334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.425/lat 42.288334)">Rep.</a> 1, 42°17.30′N, 70°25.50′W, 87 m (31, MCZ 161925) ; Rep. 2 (21, MCZ 161926) ; Rep. 3 (61, MCZ 161927) . Sta. FF-05: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.4225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.4225/lat 42.133335)">Rep.</a> 2, Aug 1997, 42°08.00′N, 70°25.35′W, 61 m (20, MCZ 161928) ; Rep. 3 (10, MCZ 161929) . Sta. FF-09: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.65667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.3125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.65667/lat 42.3125)">Rep.</a> 1, Aug 1997, 42°18.75′N, 70°39.40′W, 49 m (3, MCZ 161930) ; Rep. 2 (5, MCZ 161931) . August 2002 Survey, Sta. FF-11: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.5/lat 42.658333)">Rep.</a> 2, Aug 2002, 42°39.50′N, 70°30.00′W, 88 m, 3 on SEM Stubs (MCZ 161932) . 2006 August Survey, Sta. FF-04: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.42167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.288265" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.42167/lat 42.288265)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Aug 2006, 42°17.296′N, 70°25.30′W, 88 m (16, MCZ 161933) .</p><p>Description. A moderately sized species, 9–12 mm long, 0.5– 1 mm wide for 65–90 setigers. Body thick, robust in anterior two-thirds, then tapering posteriorly. Dorsum rounded with narrow groove (Fig. 17A); venter flattened with broad channel or groove along most of body (Fig. 17B–D). Anterior segments short, crowded about ten times wider than long; posterior segments longer, about 2.5 times as wide as long. Color in alcohol light tan, with no body pigments evident.</p><p>Pre-setiger region short, compact, about as wide as long and as long as first six setigers (Fig. 17A–B). Prostomium short, conical, pointed (Fig. 17A), sometimes with tip directed dorsally (Fig. 17B); eyespots absent; nuchal organs present on lateral surface of peristomium just anterior to oral opening, as a ciliated oval groove (Fig. 17B, inset). Peristomium with two lateral grooves producing three rings surmounted by broad dorsal crest (Fig. 17A–B). Dorsal tentacles arising from near posterior margin of peristomium with first pair of branchiae lateral and slightly posterior to tentacles (Fig. 17A). First branchiae appearing to arise from groove between peristomium and setiger 1 in some views (Fig. 17B); subsequent setigers with branchiae arising dorsal to notosetae (Fig. 17A).</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle setigers lateral enlargements, forming distinct shoulders along body between notopodium and rounded dorsal surface (Fig. 17A); setae arising from posterior margin of each noto- or neuropodium. Parapodia of posterior 20–25 setigers becoming narrow, and elevated forming distinct cinctures bearing acicular spines and capillaries (Fig. 17D, G). Noto- and neurosetae of anterior and middle body segments all capillaries, numbering about 8–12 per fascicle; long natatory-like capillaries variably present on some specimens, not associated with reproduction. Acicular spines first present from about setiger 50–60 in neuropodia and 55–65 in notopodia. In most specimens posterior setigers with 10–14 notopodial spines and 6–10 neuropodial spines or with 16–24 spines on a side producing full cinctures; spines accompanied by alternating thin, smooth capillaries, most longer than spines (Fig. 17D–E, G). Spines with narrow pointed tips that bend back and merge with shaft of spine on concave edge; recurved bent tips only apparent in light microscopy, not visible in SEM where spines appearing with curved tip (Fig. 17H). Cinctured segments with low elevated membranes from with setal fascicles emerge (Fig. 17G).</p><p>Pygidium with rounded lobe or inflated cushion ventral to anal opening (Fig. 17E–F).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Base of prostomium stains; rest of body stains lightly with no pattern after differentiation.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone anasima belongs to the C. curvata and occurs in inner and outer shelf habitats, whereas two additional new species described in this study, C. adunca n. sp. and C. brychiata n. sp., both occur in deepwater sediments. Morphological similarities and differences among the nine species in the C. curvata group are presented in Table 3.</p><p>Among species in the Chaetozone curvata group, C. anasima and five other species have three peristomial rings (Table 3). Of these, only C. anasima and Chaetozone gesae Blake, 2018 from off Chile, have a dorsal crest. However, C. anasima has full posterior cinctures with up 16–24 spines on a side instead of partial cinctures with 13–15 spines as in C. gesae . In addition, C. gesae is recorded as having the first and second pair of branchiae both occurring on setiger 1, whereas in C. anasima, the first branchiae occur on the posterior margin of the peristomium.</p><p>Among local species of nearshore and continental shelf species of Chaetozone, C. anasima, apart from the recurved tips on the acicular spines, may be easily recognized by the relatively short pre-setiger region with three peristomial rings and a prostomium that is typically turned upward. In contrast, Chaetozone hystricosa (Doner &amp; Blake, 2006), with which C. anasima may occur, has an elongate, smooth pre-setiger region, not interrupted by annular rings, that tapers to a narrow anteriorly directed prostomium.</p><p>Distribution. Northeastern USA, Massachusetts Bay, 49–90 m; Gulf of Maine, 168– 179 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B713F234565DDFC1FFB12FB08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B713D234A65DDFA95FE87FD48.text	054C717B713D234A65DDFA95FE87FD48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone brychiata Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone brychiata new species</p><p>Figures 18–19</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E42B29D7-CA25-472D-9486-0A240F06E7C3</p><p>Cirratulidae sp. 1: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2.</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 10: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. (7 specimens) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.3335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.862667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.3335/lat 37.862667)">Off</a> Delaware, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 10: Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 1, 19 May 1985, 37°51.76′N, 72°20.01′W, 2095 m, holotype (USNM 1660984) , 1 paratype (USNM 01660985); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.29283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.858665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.29283/lat 37.858665)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 1, 07 May 1984, 37°51.52′N, 73°17.57′W, 2095 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1660986) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89667/lat 38.594334)">Sta.</a> 2: Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 2, 17 May 1985, 38°35.66′N, 72°53.80′W, 2011 m (1 juvenile, USNM 1660987) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.86034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.612167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.86034/lat 38.612167)">Sta.</a> 3: Cruise Mid-6, Rep. 1, 12 Nov 1985, 38°36.73′N, 72°51.62′W, 2064 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1660988) .— Off New England, Lydonia Canyon, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 8: Cruise NA-4, Rep. 1, 25 Nov. 1983, 40°10.21, 67°37.24′W, 2084 m (1, USNM 1660989) .</p><p>Description. A small species, holotype (USNM 1660984) complete, with 65 setigers, 5.1 mm long and 0.35 mm wide; paratype (USNM 1660985) incomplete, with 62 setigers, 6.5 mm long and 0.44 mm wide; another paratype (USNM 1660988) with 70 setigers, 6.54 mm long and 0.37 mm wide. Body generally of similar width across anterior and middle setigers, tapering posteriorly; thoracic segments crowded, only slightly enlarged. Individual segments of anterior and middle segments short, about 6–7 times wider than long at first, posterior setigers longer, only about three times wider than long. No dorsal or ventral grooves along body; mid-ventral ridge consisting of a row of paired swellings at junction of each segment mid-ventrally, present along entire body. Posterior segments with reduced cinctures, bearing acicular spines without with deep intersegmental grooves or elevated membranes. Color in alcohol light tan; no apparent pigmentation.</p><p>Pre-setiger region relatively short, only slightly longer than wide; long, narrow, smooth, about as long as first ten setigers (Figs. 18A, 19A). Prostomium conical, triangular, with pointed tip; eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits on posterior lateral margins. Peristomium rectangular, medially extending dorsally over setiger 1; laterally with one deep groove producing two peristomial rings, but these not crossing dorsal surface; dorsum with broad dorsal crest extending from prostomium to posterior margin (Fig. 18A). Dorsal tentacles arising medially from posterior margin of peristomium, with first pair of branchiae on setiger 1, posterior and lateral to tentacles (Fig. 18A); second pair dorsal to notosetae on setiger 2 (Fig. 18A); subsequent branchiae from setiger 3 in same location dorsal to notosetae.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; posterior parapodia similar, lacking deep intersegmental grooves and elevated membranes (Figs. 18B, 19D). Setiger 1 and thoracic segments with 12–15 capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia; capillaries mostly of moderate size; long, natatory-like capillaries absent. Acicular spines first present in holotype from setiger 45 in notopodia and setiger 36 in neuropodia; paratype (USNM 1660988) with notopodial spines from setiger 58 and neuropodial spines from setiger 45; spines 2–3 at first, increasing posteriorly into partial cinctures over last 12–15 setigers with 4–5 spines in notopodia and 7 in neuropodia or up to 11–12 spines on a side; spines alternating with capillaries as long as or slightly longer than spines; cinctures not complete, leaving broad dorsal gap between notopodia (Figs. 18B, 19D). Spines unusually long, narrow, curving and tapering gradually to narrow hooked tip with tip of hook curving inwardly and merging with shaft (Figs. 18C, 19B–C).</p><p>Body narrowing in last few segments, terminating in simple pygidium with a small, semicircular disk bearing two short anal cirri (Figs. 18B, 19D); specimen from North Atlantic Sta. 8 (USNM 1660989) damaged, with only a single lateral protuberance evident on pygidial disk.</p><p>Description of Juvenile. A juvenile (USNM 1660987) believed to be this species has 13 setigers and is only 0.8 mm long. The last setiger bears a single recurved acicular spine. The pygidium has a flattened disk bearing two anal cirri.</p><p>Methyl green staining. No pattern, stain not retained.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone brychiata n. sp. is the ninth species to be described in the C. curvata group, with acicular spines with a shaft that tapers to a pointed tip that curves downward and merges with the shaft. Chaetozone brychiata n. sp. differs from all other species Chaetozone by having two short anal cirri arising from a semi-circular pygidial disk. The only other cirratulids having two short anal cirri are in the genus Caulleriella . In addition, the acicular spines of C. brychiata n. sp. are unusually long and narrow, typically of the same width as accompanying capillaries.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet brychiata is from the Greek, brychios, “from the deep”, in reference to the deep-sea habitat of this rare species.</p><p>Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, off Delaware, 2011–2095 m; U.S. North Atlantic slope, Lydonia Canyon, 2084 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B713D234A65DDFA95FE87FD48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7132234A65DDFD55FD49FAFD.text	054C717B7132234A65DDFD55FD49FAFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone gracilis (Moore 1923)	<div><p>The Chaetozone gracilis group</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone gracilis (Moore, 1923) from deep-water off southern California was redescribed by Blake (1996) and represents an atypical species of Chaetozone in that the acicular spines in the noto- and neuropodia are reduced in number and not formed into the distinctive cinctures or the posterior armature typical of most species in the genus. Other atypical species of Chaetozone having reduced numbers of acicular spines not forming prominent posterior cinctures are Chaetozone homosetosa (Hartmann-Schroder &amp; Rosenfeldt, 1989) from Antarctica and Chaetozone castanea Blake, 1918 from off Peru. These species are not included among species of Chaetocirratulus because their bodies are elongate and only expanded in the anterior segments rather than having thickened fusiform or sausage-shaped bodies. In addition, the prostomium is long, narrow and pointed rather than broad, rounded, or wedge-shaped as in species of Chaetocirratulus . Blake (2018: 121) prematurely referred Chaetozone gracilis to Chaetocirratulus . However, it is evident this species does not have the prostomium and body shape typical of Chaetocirratulus and is here retained in Chaetozone .</p><p>In the present study, four new species having a reduced number of acicular spines not forming cinctures in posterior parapodia were discovered off the U.S. Atlantic coast and are referred to Chaetozone . One is from shallow subtidal sediments in Boston Harbor whereas three others were discovered in deep water on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope. All four are described here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7132234A65DDFD55FD49FAFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7132234C65DDFA01FCBBF822.text	054C717B7132234C65DDFA01FCBBF822.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone artaspinosa Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone artaspinosa new species</p><p>Figures 20–23</p><p>Table 4</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 27DAFA43-5EED-4DCD-A274-D2D73280CB40</p><p>Chaetozone vivipara: Hilbig et al. 1996: 24; 29–30, 60, 63, D-1; Blake et al. 1998a: 77, E-1; Maciolek et al. 2006: C-24; 2008: 4-23–4-25, 4-28. Not Christie 1984.</p><p>Material examined. (384 specimens) Northeastern USA, Boston Harbor Massachusetts, MWRA Harbor Monitoring Program, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.339718&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.96062" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.339718/lat 70.96062)">Sta.</a> T-05A: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.339718&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.96062" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.339718/lat 70.96062)">Rep</a> 2, 25 Apr 2002, 70.960617°N, 42.339718°W, 9.0 m, holotype (MCZ 161934) , 62 paratypes (MCZ 161935); 01 Aug 2007, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.339684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.96073" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.339684/lat 70.96073)">Rep.</a> 1, 70.9607315°N, 42.3396835°W, 16.2 m, 1 specimen on SEM stub (MCZ 161936) , 3 specimens on SEM stub (MCZ 161937) . Sta. T-01: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.349167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9635/lat 42.349167)">Rep.</a> 2, Apr 1995, 42°20.95 ′ N, 70°57.81 ′ W, 4 m (66 juveniles, MCZ 161938) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.349216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.9636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.349216/lat 70.9636)">Rep.</a> 4, 22 May 2002, 70.963600°N, 42.349217°W, 4.0 m, 15 paratypes (MCZ 161939) . Sta. T-02: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.342834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.002/lat 42.342834)">Rep.</a> 2, Apr 1995, 42°20.57 ′ N, 71°00.12 ′ W, 9 m (75 juveniles, MCZ 161940) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.342968&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=71.00193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.342968/lat 71.00193)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Aug 2009, 71.0019302°N, 42.3429679°W, 7.5 m, 10 paratypes (MCZ 161941) . Sta. T-03: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.33" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.962/lat 42.33)">Rep.</a> 2, Apr 1995, 42.330°N 70.962°W, 8.7 m (140, MCZ 161943) ; Sta. T-07: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.289318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.978615" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.289318/lat 70.978615)">Rep.</a> 2, 25 Apr 2002, 70.978615°N, 42.289318°W, 7.5 m, 11 paratypes (MCZ 161942) .</p><p>Description. A small to moderately sized species, holotype complete, with about 80 setigers, 11.2 mm long and 0.54 mm wide anteriorly (Fig. 21A); large paratype with 102 setigers, 14.4 mm long, and 0.44 mm wide (Fig. 20A); a small paratype (MCZ 161935) with 44 setigers, 3.3 mm long, and 0.73 mm wide across anterior segments. Body elongate, narrow, only weakly expanded anteriorly, tapering to posterior end (Fig 20A), sometimes weakly enlarged. Anterior setigers about ten times wider than long; middle segments up to five times wider than long. Dorsal surface rounded, slightly elevated above parapodia, without dorsal groove or ridge; ventral surface flattened with distinct ventral groove or channel extending from about setiger 1 along anterior and middle setigers, indistinct in posterior setigers. Posterior segments with parapodia elevated dorsally. Posterior end dorsoventrally flattened tapering to pygidium (Figs. 20A, E–F, 21B). Color in alcohol opaque white to light tan, with no pigmentation.</p><p>Pre-setiger region triangular in shape, slightly longer than wide (Figs. 20B, 21A, 22B); about as long as first five setigers in smaller specimens and about first ten setigers in larger specimens; Prostomium short, triangular, tapering to narrow pointed tip (Figs. 20A–B, 21A, 22A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow oval-shaped ciliated openings on posterior lateral margins (Fig. 22C inset). Peristomium with two prominent lateral grooves producing three rings (Figs. 20B, 21A, 22A–C), but these not crossing dorsal surface, weakly developed dorsal crest present (Figs. 20B, 21A); some specimens with longitudinal groove in crest producing two parallel crests (Fig. 22B–C). Dorsal tentacles arise from medial location on posterior margin of peristomium (Figs. 20B, 21A, 22B–C); first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles; second pair of branchiae on setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae; subsequent branchiae in similar location (Figs. 21A, 22C). Branchiae present along most of body.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior segments short thickened vertical lobes from which setae arise; these lobes weakly swollen, with noto- and neurosetae arising directly from them. Parapodia of posterior segments thinner, narrower, bearing acicular spines and capillaries in spreading fascicles (Figs. 20D, 21C, 22D, F).</p><p>All setae long, narrow. Anterior and middle setigers with setae all long, thin capillaries (Fig. 21D, 22F), with 8–10 in notopodia and 7–8 in neuropodia (Fig. 22A–C); posterior setigers with 5–8 capillaries in notopodia (Fig. 22F) and 4–5 capillaries and 1–3 acicular spines in neuropodia (Fig. 21E). Spines first present in neuropodia from middle body segments: about setiger 55 in 80-setiger holotype, setiger 70 in large 102-setiger paratype, and setiger 35 in smaller 44-setiger paratype; spines not observed in notopodia. Individual spines long, narrow, straight or only weakly curved, not sigmoidally curved; terminating in bluntly rounded tip (Figs. 21E, 22G).</p><p>Pygidium a rounded disk ventral to anal opening (Figs. 20E–F, 21B, 22E).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Peristomium retaining stain in irregular pattern (Fig. 20C); tip of prostomium sometimes retaining stain, otherwise no pattern.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp. was first observed in Boston Harbor benthos in August 1995 when large numbers of a small unknown cirratulid appeared in benthic samples collected as part of the harbor-wide benthic monitoring survey. Some of these specimens were shown to the late Dr. Mary E. Petersen who was visiting our laboratory in Woods Hole at the time. Dr. Petersen indicated that she had collected similar-appearing specimens in Denmark and had identified them as Tharyx vivipara Christie, 1984, an estuarine species from northeastern England in the U.K. that exhibited an unusual form of larval viviparity where early development occurred entirely within the bodies of females (Christie 1984). Dr. Petersen was convinced that our Boston Harbor specimens were the same as the species from the U.K. and Denmark. She was also convinced that they belonged to the genus Chaetozone instead of Tharyx, despite the original description and illustrations of T. vivipara clearly indicating that all setae were pointed capillaries and that none of the Boston Harbor specimens exhibited any evidence of viviparity. Petersen (1999) subsequently referred T. vivipara to the genus Chaetozone as part of her review of cirratulid reproduction and development, but did not provide a redescription of the European species. Hartmann-Schröder (1996) had earlier referred T. vivipara to Aphelochaeta with a brief description indicating that all setae were capillaries. Various technical reports of cirratulids from the U.K. summarized by Worsford (2009) have referred T. vivipara to Chaetozone based largely on Petersen (1999) but with only minimal descriptive notes.</p><p>A review of Dr. Petersen’s unpublished notes, sketches, and prepared slides of Tharyx vivipara included information on the specimens she had collected from Limfjord, Denmark, in 1983. The notes and sketches appear to refer to the same species described by Christie (1984), but there is no evidence that she actually observed acicular spines on her specimens that would confirm referral of the species to Chaetozone . A detailed sketch of the anterior end in dorsal view was prepared, but none depicting setae. There are five well-prepared slides of posterior ends and a few separate parapodia of the Limfjord specimens. These are in good condition and clearly show spreading fascicles of noto- and neurosetae from pre-pygidial segments. Although some of the setae are broken, all intact setae are capillaries; no acicular spines are present among the intact capillaries. The longer capillaries have a dark core and it is possible that such setae might have been mistaken for spines. However, these slides do not support the transfer of Tharyx vivipara to Chaetozone . It would appear that at least for the Danish specimens, Dr. Petersen based her assumption of a Chaetozone identity on the overall shape of the body and posterior setigers as being similar in appearance to other Chaetozone species she had observed. Based on these observations and my interpretation of Dr. Petersen’s observations and records, T. vivipara should be included in the genus Aphelochaeta following Hartmann-Schröder (1996). However, it is possible that the specimens from Denmark and the U.K. are not the same species.</p><p>Despite the identity of the Boston Harbor specimens being based on anecdotal observations and comments by Dr. Petersen, they were subsequently referred to as Chaetozone vivipara in the database by the project team and have continued to be identified as such in subsequent monitoring surveys; there being no alternative identification available. Systematic studies on Cirratulidae by the author and supported by the NSF PEET program (2001–2008) included extensive studies on global Cirratulidae and included traditional methods as well as SEM to assist in defining the morphology of local species. A recent review of specimens and SEM images of “ C. vivipara ” from Boston Harbor clearly demonstrates that they are not the same species described by Christie (1984), but another species having an entirely different morphology here described as Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp.</p><p>Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp. is most similar to C. castanea from off Peru and Chile in having acicular spines that are long, narrow, and straight or only weakly curved (Blake 2018) rather than thick and sigmoidally curved. Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp. differs from C. castanea in having three peristomial rings instead of four (with the first merged with the prostomium), no acicular notopodial spines instead of 2–3, 1–3 neuropodial acicular spines instead of 5–6 and a sub-anal pygidial lobe that is thick and cushion-like instead of disk-like. In addition, the body of C. castanea is heavily pigmented brown whereas, C. artaspinosa n. sp. has no pigmentation on the body.</p><p>Locally, Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp. may be superficially mistaken for Tharyx acutus Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887, with which it may occur. Both species have acicular spines limited to the neuropodia. However, C. artaspinosa n. sp. has three distinct peristomial rings whereas T. acutus has an elongate smooth peristomium with only lateral grooves denoting the posterior lip of the mouth, but not producing separate rings. In addition, posterior segments of T. acutus are expanded, with a broad ventral groove into which the neurosetae project, including the acicular spines that have a sub-bidentate knobby tip. In contrast, the posterior segments of C. artaspinosa n. sp. are narrow, rounded, and while variously flattened ventrally, lack a distinct ventral groove; the neuroacicular spines are elongate and have a simple, narrowly blunted tip without any apical knobs or teeth.</p><p>Biology. Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp., as C. vivipara, was first reported in the August 1995 MWRA Boston Harbor collections (Hilbig et al. 1996) but was not reported in the spring (April) 1995 samples. In the August samples, the species was reported in densities of 8,000 to 29,000 individuals per m 2 at stations T-01 and T-02 (Deer Island Flats and off Logan Airport, northern Harbor). Hilbig et al. (1996) suggested that large numbers of unidentified juvenile cirratulids enumerated in the April 1995 samples from these same two stations might have belonged to this species; juvenile cirratulids were the third most abundant taxon at both stations in the April 1995 samples.</p><p>In order to determine if the juvenile cirratulids set aside in April of 1995 were C. artaspinosa n. sp., some of the specimens available from replicates from Stations T-01, T-02, and T-03 were examined and determined to indeed include juveniles of C. artaspinosa n. sp. In addition, adults packed with eggs were also present at Sta. T-03. Some of the meristic data is presented in Table 4 and images of juveniles from 10 to 28 setigers in length are illustrated in Figure 23. The smallest juveniles with 10 and 11 setigers were grub-like post-larval forms (Fig. 23A–B) but had well-developed dorsal tentacles; one or two stiff capillary setae were present in noto- and neuropodia, but acicular spines were not present. Juveniles with 12 and 13 setigers (Fig. 23C–E) exhibit some elongation of the trunk region and branchiae were present on a few anterior setigers; one acicular spine was observed on the tenth setiger of a 14-setiger specimen (Table 4). Larger juveniles with 19 setigers (Fig. 23F), 22 setigers (Fig. 23G), 25 setigers (Fig. 23H), and 28 setigers (Fig. 23I) exhibit an elongation of the body from the thick and grub-like post-larval shape to an elongated body with a consistent width and length but no enlargement of anterior and posterior setigers as present in adults (Fig. 20A). Acicular spines with a narrow rounded tip are consistently first present from about the 14- setiger stage. Initially, the spines are first present from setiger 10 in specimens with 14–20 setigers; specimens with 25–28 setigers have the spines first present at setigers 14–15. Thus, the juveniles have neuropodial acicular spines first present in middle body segments as with the much larger adults (holotype: first acicular spine in setiger 55 of 80). These observations of juveniles therefore suggest that with growth and setal replacement, acicular spines retain their position in the middle body segments.</p><p>Stations T-01, T-02, and T-05A are locations in Boston Harbor where Chaetozone artaspinosa n. sp. occurred consistently (Maciolek et al 2006, 2008). The species was typically among the top 10 or 15 most abundant benthic invertebrates at these sites. These three sites are located in the northern part of Boston Harbor near the main shipping channel into Boston. Sediments at these sites have lower percentages of fines (silt + clay ca. 20%) and higher sand inventories. In addition, total organic carbon is relatively low at about 0.8% (Maciolek et al 2008).</p><p>Several specimens of C. artaspinosa n. sp. collected in April 1995 (Sta. T-03) and 2002 (Sta. T-05A) were observed with the middle segments packed with eggs measuring up to 95–125 µm in diameter. Gametes were not observed in specimens from the August surveys, suggesting that this species reproduces in the spring. The appearance of juveniles in April samples previously discussed supports this suggestion.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is from artus, Latin for narrow and spina, Latin for thorn, referring to the narrow acicular spines that characterize this species.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, in shallow subtidal sediments from 4–16 m, but likely widespread in estuaries along the U.S. northeastern coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7132234C65DDFA01FCBBF822	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B712B235665DDFC75FAD2FD00.text	054C717B712B235665DDFC75FAD2FD00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone castouria Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone castouria new species</p><p>Figures 24–26</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B4C0B930-5422-455A-9BE3-AF6393D053CF</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 2 . Blake et al. 1987: C-2; Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2; Hilbig 1994: 940.</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 6 . Blake et al. 1987: C-2; Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2; 1987b: D-2; Hilbig 1994: 940.</p><p>Material examined. (141 specimens) Off New Jersey and Delaware, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8855/lat 38.598)">Program</a>, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 1: Cruise Mid-4, Rep. 3, 17 May 1985, 38°35.88′N, 72°53.13′W, 2194 m, holotype (USNM 1660990) , 1 paratype (USNM 1660991); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88633/lat 38.598)">Rep.</a> 1, 17 May 1985, 38°35.88′N, 72°53.18′W, 2200 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1660992) ; Cruise Mid-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.599667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.881/lat 38.599667)">Rep.</a> 1, 31 Mar 1984, 38°35.98′N, 72°52.86′W, 2195 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1660993) ; Cruise Mid-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.881165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.599834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.881165/lat 38.599834)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.99′N, 72°52.87′W, 2194 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1660994) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.883835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.883835/lat 38.598667)">Rep.</a> 1, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.92′N, 72°53.03′W, 2165 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1660995) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88517/lat 38.598335)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.90′N, 72°53.11′W, 2185 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1660996) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.5985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.885/lat 38.5985)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.91′N, 72°53.10′W, 2185 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1660997) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88533/lat 38.598167)">Rep.</a> 2, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35.89′N, 72°53.12′W, 2199 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1660998) . Sta. 2: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89484/lat 38.595165)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 2, 01 Apr 1984, 38°35.71N, 72°53.69′W, 2018 (2, USNM 1660999) ; Cruise Mid-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89478&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89478/lat 38.595665)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.74′N, 72°53.687′W, 2014 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661000) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89384/lat 38.594833)">Rep.</a> 1, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.69N, 72°53.63′W, 2015 m (1, USNM 1661001) ; Cruise Mid-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89667/lat 38.594334)">Rep.</a> 2, 17 May 1985, 38°35.66′N, 72°53.80′W, 2011 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661002) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8965/lat 38.594666)">Rep.</a> 1, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.68′N, 72°53.79′W, 2010 m (1, USNM 1661003) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.597168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8985/lat 38.597168)">Rep.</a> 3, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35.83′N, 72°53.91′W, 1994 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661004) . Sta. 3: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.615166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85917/lat 38.615166)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 03 Dec 1984, 38°36.91′N, 72°51.55′W, 2050 m (1, USNM 1661005) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.858665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.858665/lat 38.6125)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Aug 1985, 38°36.75′N, 72°51.52′W, 2058 m (1, USNM 1661006) . Sta. 4: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68733/lat 38.740166)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 1, 16 May 1985, 38°44.41′N, 72°41.24′W, 2100 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661007) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68767/lat 38.740833)">Rep.</a> 2, 16 May 1985, 38°44.45′N, 72°41.26′W, 2091 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661008) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68767/lat 38.740833)">Rep.</a> 1, 16 May 1985, 38°44.45′N, 72°41.26′W, 2091 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661009) . Sta. 5: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.553/lat 38.842335)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 1, 08 May 1984, 38°50.54′N, 72°33.18′W, 2055 m (2, USNM 1661011) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55167/lat 38.842167)">Rep.</a> 2, 04 May 1984, 38°50.53′N, 72°33.10′W, 2065 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661010) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55233/lat 38.841)">Rep.</a> 3, 08 May 1984, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.14′W, 2080 m, (1, USNM 1661012) ; Cruise Mid-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.550835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.550835/lat 38.840332)">Rep.</a> 2, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.05′W, 2089 m (1, USNM 1661013) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55067/lat 38.840332)">Rep.</a> 1, 05 Dec 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.04′W, 2085 m (1, USNM 1661014) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.552/lat 38.84)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Dec 1984, 38°50.40′N, 72°33.12′W, 2090 m (2, USNM 1661015) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55117/lat 38.841167)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Dec 1984, 38°50.47′N, 72°33.07′W, 2070 m (1, USNM 1661016) ; Cruise Mid-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55383/lat 38.841)">Rep.</a> 1, 16 May 1985, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.23′W, 2080 m (1, USNM 1661017) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.84133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55317/lat 38.84133)">Rep.</a> 2, 16 May 1985, 38°50.48′N, 72°33.19′W, 2080 m (1, USNM 1661018) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.8415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55283/lat 38.8415)">Rep.</a> 2, 11 Nov 1985, 38°50.49′N, 72°33.17W, 2079 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661019) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55334/lat 38.840668)">Rep.</a> 3, 11 Nov 1985, 38°50.44′N, 72°33.20W, 2089 m (3, USNM 1661020) . Sta. 6: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04967/lat 39.0935)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 1, 03 May 1984, 39°05.61′N, 72°02.98′W, 2090 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661021) ; Cruise Mid-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.0495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.0495/lat 39.094166)">Rep.</a> 1, 01 Aug 1984, 39°05.65′N, 72°02.97′W, 2084 m (1, USNM 1661022) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04684/lat 39.093)">Rep.</a> 1, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.58′N, 72°02.81′W, 2090 m (1, USNM 1661023) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.047165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.092834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.047165/lat 39.092834)">Rep.</a> 2, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.57′N, 72°02.83′W, 2090 m (2, USNM 1661024) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.03467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.03467/lat 39.094166)">Rep.</a> 3, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.65′N, 72°02.08′W, 2085, (3, USNM 1661025) ; Cruise Mid-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.053665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.053665/lat 39.094334)">Rep.</a> 3, 15 May 1985, 39°05.66′N, 72°03.22′W, 2085 m (1, USNM 1661026) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.054/lat 39.094)">Rep.</a> 2, 02 Aug 1985, 39°05.64′N, 72°03.24′W, 2080 m (1, USNM 1661027) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.056/lat 39.0945)">Rep.</a> 1, 10 Nov 1985, 39°05.67′N, 72°03.36′W, 2089 m (2, USNM 1661028) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.052666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.091835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.052666/lat 39.091835)">Rep</a>, 3, 10 Nov 1985, 39°05.51′N, 72°03.16′W, 2092 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661029) . Sta. 7: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05717/lat 38.455334)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°27.32′N, 73°03.43′W, 2110 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1661030) ; Rep. 2 (4, USNM) ; 06 May 1984, 38°27.30′N, 73°03.43′W, 2100 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1661031); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.058&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.058/lat 38.455666)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1984, 38°27.34′N, 73°03.48′W, 2100 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661032) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05683/lat 38.455666)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.34′N, 73°03.41′W, 2104 m (2, USNM 1661033) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4565" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0565/lat 38.4565)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.39′N, 73°03.39′W, 2099 m (1, USNM 1661034) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05883/lat 38.455666)">Rep.</a> 1, 07 Aug 1985, 38°27.34′N, 73°03.53′W, 2085 m (1, USNM 1661035) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.059&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.059/lat 38.455334)">Rep.</a> 2, 07 Aug 1985, 38°27.32′N, 73°03.54′W, 2095 m (1, USNM 1661036) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.059&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.059/lat 38.454666)">Rep.</a> 3, 14 Nov1985, 38°27.28′N, 73°03.54′W, 2104 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661037) . Sta. 8: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08483/lat 38.456)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°05.09′W, 2148 m (1, USNM 1661038) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.098&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.098/lat 38.456)">Rep.</a> 2, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°05.88′W, 2150 m (4, USNM 1661039) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08017/lat 38.456)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°04.81′W, 2150 m (2, USNM 1661040) ; Sta. 9: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24184&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24184/lat 38.287334)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°17.24′N, 73°14.51′W, 2105 m (2, USNM 1661041) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24267&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24267/lat 38.287)">Rep.</a> 2, 06 May 1984, 38°17.22′N, 73°14.56′W, 2108 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661042) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24333/lat 38.287167)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1984, 38°17.23′N, 73°14.60′W, 2108 m (3, USNM 1661043) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.241165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.241165/lat 38.288)">Rep.</a> 2, 30 Nov 1984, 38°17.28′N, 73°14.47′W, 2105 m (3, USNM 1661044) ; Cruise Mid-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.2865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24433/lat 38.2865)">Rep.</a> 1, 18 May 1985, 38°17.19′N, 73°14.66′W, 2100 m (1, USNM 1661045) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.243835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.2865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.243835/lat 38.2865)">Rep.</a> 3, 09 Aug 1985, 38°17.19′N, 73°14.63′W, 2100 m (1, USNM 1661046) . Sta. 11: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.671833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9385/lat 38.671833)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 2, 07 May 1984, 38°40.31′N, 72°56.31′W, 1520 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661047) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.937836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.670334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.937836/lat 38.670334)">Rep.</a> 3, 07 May 1984, 38°40.22′N, 72°56.27′W, 1520 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661048) ; Cruise Mid-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.94017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.669" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.94017/lat 38.669)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Aug 1984, 38°40.14′N, 72°56.41′W, 1509 m (1, USNM 1661049) ; Cruise Mid-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.669" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9385/lat 38.669)">Rep.</a> 2, 04 Dec 1984, 38°40.14′N, 72°56.31′W, 1520 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661050) ; Cruise Mid-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.668335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9405/lat 38.668335)">Rep.</a> 1, 17 May 1985, 38°40.10′N, 72°56.43′W, 1510 m (1, USNM 1661051) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.94067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.668667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.94067/lat 38.668667)">Rep.</a> 2, 17 May 1985, 38°40.12′N, 72°56.44′W, 1510 m (1, USNM 1661052) . Sta. 13: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.88933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75166/lat 37.88933)">Cruise</a> Mid-1, Rep. 3, 03 Apr 1984, 37°53.36′N, 73°45.10′W, 1613 m (1, USNM 1661053) ; Cruise Mid-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75433/lat 37.888)">Rep.</a> 2, 07 Aug 1984, 37°53.28′N, 73°45.26′W, 1619 m (1, USNM 1661054) ; Cruise Mid-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.7545&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.887833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.7545/lat 37.887833)">Rep.</a> 3, 19 May 1985, 37°53.27′N, 73°45.27′W, 1605 m (1, USNM 1661055) ; Cruise Mid-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.7535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.887665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.7535/lat 37.887665)">Rep.</a> 1, 09 Aug 1985, 37°53.26′N, 73°45.21′W, 1607 m (2, USNM 16610556) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.7545&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.7545/lat 37.8885)">Rep.</a> 3, 15 Nov 1985, 37°53.31′N, 73°45.27′W, 1609 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661057) . Sta. 14: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.746&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.897167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.746/lat 37.897167)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 2, 19 May 1985, 37°53.83′N, 73°44.76′W, 1492 m (1, USNM 1661058) ; Cruise Mid-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.744835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.894833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.744835/lat 37.894833)">Rep.</a> 1, 19 May 1985, 37°53.69′N, 73°44.69′W, 1515 m (1, USNM 1661059) .— Off New England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.22867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.953335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.22867/lat 40.953335)">Program</a>, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 2: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 08 Nov 1984, 40°57.20′N, 66°13.72′W, 2112 m (1, USNM 1661060) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.23116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.23116/lat 40.953)">Rep.</a> 2, 08 Nov 1984, 40°57.18′N, 66°13.87′W, 2095 m (1, USNM 1661061) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.9525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.23/lat 40.9525)">Rep.</a> 3, 09 Nov 1984, 40°57.15′N, 66°13.80′W, 2103 m (1, USNM 1661062) ; Cruise NA-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.22867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.9525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.22867/lat 40.9525)">Rep.</a> 3, 26 Apr 1985, 40°57.15′N, 66°13.72′W, 2100 m (1, USNM 1661063) ; Cruise NA-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.22784&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.953167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.22784/lat 40.953167)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Jul 1985, 40°57.19′N, 66°13.67′W, 2100 m (2, USNM 1661064) . Sta. 6: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.48617&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.082333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.48617/lat 40.082333)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 1, 30 Apr 1986, 40°04.94′N, 67°29.17′W, 2120 m (1, USNM 1661065) . Sta. 8: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.623/lat 40.172)">Cruise</a> NA-1, Rep. 3, 11 Nov 1984, 40°10.320′N, 67°37.38′W, 2180 m (1, USNM 1661066) ; Cruise NA-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.171165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62033/lat 40.171165)">Rep.</a> 3, 20 Apr 1985, 40°10.27′N, 67°37.22′W, 2180 m (1, USNM 1661067) . Sta. 9: Cruise NA-6, Rep. 2, 28 Jul 1986, 39°50.41, 70°01.62′W, 1230 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661068) . Sta. 13: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.799835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.918/lat 39.799835)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 1, 06 May 1986, 39°47.99′N, 70°55.08′W, 1270 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661069) . Sta. 15: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90683/lat 39.666668)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 3, 06 May 1986, 39°40.00′N, 70°54.41′W, 2160 m (1, USNM 1661070) .— US South Atlantic ACSAR Program, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.730835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.730835/lat 34.241)">Off Cape Lookout</a>, North Carolina, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 2: Cruise SA-2, Rep. 2, 27 Mar 1984, 34°14.46′N, 75°43.85′W, 1003 m (2, USNM 1661071) . Sta. 3: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.6695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.24383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.6695/lat 34.24383)">Cruise</a> SA-2, Rep. 2, 27 Mar 1984, 34°14.63′N, 75°40.17′W, 1513 m (4, USNM 1661072) ; Cruise SA-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.67167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.251667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.67167/lat 34.251667)">Rep.</a> 3, 14 Jul 1984, 34°15.10′N, 75°40.30′W, 1489 m (1, USNM 1661074) ; Sta. 4: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.198334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.645/lat 34.198334)">Cruise</a> SA-2, Rep. 2, 20 May 1984, 34°11.90′N, 75°38.70′W, 2029 m (1, USNM 1661073) .— Off Cape Hatteras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.266&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.816166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.266/lat 34.816166)">Hatteras Canyon</a>. Sta. 6: Cruise SA-1, Rep. 2, 19 Nov 1983, 34°48.97′N, 75°15.96′W, 1910 m (3 USNM 16611075) ; Cruise SA-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.831665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.225/lat 34.831665)">Rep.</a> 1, 25 May 1984, 34°49.90′N, 75°13.50′W, 1974 m (4, USNM 1661076) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.223335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.836666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.223335/lat 34.836666)">Rep.</a> 2, 25 May 1984, 34°50.200′N, 75°13.40′W, 1979 m (1, USNM 1661077) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.22833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.831665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.22833/lat 34.831665)">Rep.</a> 3, 25 May 1984, 34°49.90′N, 75°13.70′W, 1984 m (2, USNM 1661078) .— Off Cape Fear, North Carolina. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.121&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.003834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.121/lat 34.003834)">Sta.</a> 12: Rep. 2, 22 May 1985, 34°00.23′N, 76°07.26′W, 2010 m (2, USNM 1661079) .</p><p>Description. A moderately sized species, with a long, narrow, threadlike body. Largest specimens available include a paratype (USNM 1661000) from Mid-Atlantic slope with 72 setigers, 16 mm long, and 0.20 mm wide and a paratype (USNM 1661068) from North Atlantic slope (USNM 1661068), broken in two parts, sexually mature, with 88 setigers, 17.6 mm long and 0.25 mm wide across anterior segments (Figs. 24A–B, 25D–F). Holotype (USNM 1660990) from the Mid-Atlantic slope, with 50 setigers, 7.3 mm long and 0.15 mm wide across anterior setigers (Fig. 25A–C); most paratypes of a similar size.</p><p>Body of a more-or-less consistent width, slightly wider in pre-setiger region and first few setigers (Figs. 25A–B, 26A); posterior end distinctly inflated, rounded dorsally, and flattened ventrally (Figs. 25A, C, F, 26A). First 10–15 setigers narrow, crowded; subsequent setigers becoming moniliform, about as wide as long with those in posterior half of body more elongate, about 1½ to 2 times as long as wide (Fig. 26A); posterior inflated segments again crowded (Figs. 25A,C, F, 26A). Some specimens with an expanded “stomach” area consisting of 4–5 swollen segments filled with fine-grained sediment (Fig. 25A). Dorsal and ventral grooves absent. Color in alcohol opaque white to light tan, with no pigmentation.</p><p>Pre-setiger region elongate, about as long as first seven setigers (Fig. 24A–B). Prostomium short, pear-shaped, as long as wide, tapering to pointed tip when viewed dorsally (Fig. 24A), more pointed when viewed laterally and often directed dorsally (Figs. 24B, 25D, G); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits on posterior lateral margin. Peristomium divided by lateral grooves into three weakly developed rings, each about equal in size (Fig. 24A–B); dorsal and ventral surfaces smooth, not interrupted by groove, with parapodia forming dorsolateral shoulders (Fig. 24A–B). Dorsal tentacles arise from medial location on posterior margin of peristomium (Fig. 24A–B); first pair of branchiae on setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae; subsequent branchiae in a similar location (Fig. 24A), mostly in anterior setigers with only a few on middle and posterior segments.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior segments weakly swollen, with noto- and neurosetae arising directly from body wall. Parapodia of moniliform segments inconspicuous, no distinct podia evident where setae emerge. Setae include long, smooth capillaries and acicular spines in both noto- and neuropodia. Capillaries numbering 10–12 per noto- and neuropodium in anterior setigers, reduced to 6–7 in middle segments, and 0–2 in posterior setigers. Some capillaries with thicker shafts transitioning to short acicular spines in posterior quarter of body, at about setiger 40 in 50-setiger holotype and setiger 70 in 88-setiger paratype (USNM 1661068). Spines in posterior setigers numbering 1–3; with no more than two per neuropodium and one per notopodium, accompanied by 0–3 capillaries. Spines short, narrow, tapering to pointed tip covered with dense cloak of fibrils (Fig. 24C–E) producing dark bristled tip in light microscope (Fig. 26B–D). Sexually mature specimen (USNM 1661068) with long natatory capillaries in anterior and middle setigers.</p><p>Posterior expanded section with nine segments in holotype and up to 14 segments in larger specimens Fig. 25 A, C, F). These expanded sections rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally, tapering to pygidium consisting of a short, rounded lobe ventral to anal opening.</p><p>Methyl green staining. The tip of the prostomium stains intensely with MG as well as several segments on venter of 5–7 anterior setigers (Fig. 25G). The dorsal tentacles when present may retain stain lightly; the rest of the body does not retain any stain externally.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone castouria n. sp. is a small deep-water threadlike species with a long, moniliform abdominal section terminating in an expanded posterior region with crowded segments that is rounded dorsally and flattened ventrally. The acicular spines of C. castouria n. sp. are limited to the posterior quarter of the body or in the largest specimens, a few far posterior setigers. The spines occur in both noto- and neuropodia and are short and taper to a pointed tip that is covered with fine bristles (Fig. 24C–E); in phase contrast, these bristles produce a darkened apex to the spines (Fig. 26B–D). The spines number no more than two per neuropodium and one per notopodium and are usually accompanied by 2–3 capillaries.</p><p>The moniliform segments, the expanded posterior section of the body, and MG bands on the venter of some anterior setigers of Chaetozone castouria n. sp. are reminiscent of similar morphology among species of the genus Aphelochaeta, including the type-species, Aphelochaeta monilaris Hartman, 1961 from offshore California. However, by definition, species of Aphelochaeta do not have acicular spines anywhere along the body. As such, C. castouria n. sp. is unique among species of Chaetozone by having an expanded posterior end to the body and acicular spines with a bristled apex.</p><p>Biology. One paratype (USNM 1661068) was observed with three large blister-like egg-bearing pouches on the dorsal surface of anterior setigers. Each pouch contains at least 5– 6 eggs having diameters of ca. 160–200 µm. Each egg has a smooth cytoplasm and distinct nucleolus. The specimen also has long natatory capillaries along much of the body. With relatively few large eggs relative to the size of the worms, it is likely that development is direct, perhaps with a type of brooding. Gametes were not observed in other specimens.</p><p>Most of the long, moniliform segments of the middle and posterior sections of the body have the gut filled with sediment giving these segments the appearance of strings of fecal pellets (Fig. 26A). The sediments in the gut consist of numerous tightly packed fine sand and silt-sized particles. Sediment particle size in sediments where C. castouria n. sp. occurred consisted of 70% or more silt + clay (Blake &amp; Grassle 1994; Maciolek et al. 1987a –b). The species occurs in middle and lower slope depths from about 1200–2200 m. Another widespread cirratulid in similar depths along the U.S. Atlantic slope with an elongate threadlike body and fecal pellets in elongate moniliform segments is the recently described Caulleriella rodmani Blake, 2021b .</p><p>Etymology. The epithet, castouria, is from the Greek castor, for beaver and oura, Greek for tail in reference to the expanded and flattened posterior segments of this species that when best developed, resembles the tail of a beaver.</p><p>Distribution. Widespread along the entire U.S. Atlantic slope from off New England to the Carolinas: New England slope, 1230–2180 m; Mid-Atlantic slope, 1492–2200 m; South Atlantic slope, 1003–2029 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B712B235665DDFC75FAD2FD00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B712E235B65DDFC9DFCFEFF7C.text	054C717B712E235B65DDFC9DFCFEFF7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone novagracilis Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone novagracilis new species</p><p>Figures 27–28</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D490E4E7-35ED-468F-A132-B9DD9D3446F2</p><p>Chaetozone setosa: Blake et al. 1987: C-2 (in part). Not Malmgren 1867.</p><p>Material examined. (2 specimens) Off Charleston, South Carolina, US <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.255165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.370335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.255165/lat 32.370335)">South Atlantic</a> ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 14A: Cruise SA-5, Rep. 2, 20 Sep 1985, 32°23.26′N, 77°165.29′W, 605 m, holotype (USNM 1661373); Rep. 3, 20 Sep 1985, 32°22.22′N, 77°15.31′W, 605 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661374) .</p><p>Description. An elongate, relatively narrow-bodied species with width consistent through middle segments, then tapering slightly posteriorly. Holotype complete, but partially broken in two places posteriorly; with 77 setigers, 9.25 mm long, and 0.54 mm wide across anterior setigers (Figs. 27A–B, 28A–B). Paratype similar but with posterior setigers damaged, stretched, and terminal end missing. Body cylindrical in cross section, with dorsal and ventral surfaces weakly rounded; elevated.. Holotype with shallow dorsal groove along anterior end middle segments (Fig. 28B). All segments short, with anterior and middle segments crowded, about 8–9 times wider than long; posterior segments longer, about as long as wide, but not moniliform; cinctures not developed. Color in alcohol light tan without any pigment on body.</p><p>Pre-setiger region elongate, thick, about as long as first ten setigers, tapering anteriorly (Figs. 27A–B, 28A–B). Prostomium triangular, tapering to narrow pointed tip (Fig. 27A–B); eyespots absent; nuchal organs rounded raised openings on posterior lateral margin (Fig. 27B). Peristomium an elongate, single ring lacking any evidence of annular rings or grooves; paratype with two longitudinal grooves separated mid-dorsally by ridge producing dorsal crest (Fig. 27A). Dorsal tentacles arise near posterior margin of peristomium with first pair of branchiae on setiger 1; subsequent branchiae in similar location.All branchiae missing or reduced to stubs, except for a single thin branchia on one posterior segment of holotype.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments located laterally, on raised ridges with noto- and neuropodia positioned close together (Figs. 27A–B, 28B); parapodia of posterior segments more widely separated, with podia reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise. Anterior setae all long capillaries numbering about 10–12 per fascicle in notopodia and 6–8 in neuropodia, continuing through middle setigers; long natatory-like setae absent. Neuropodial acicular spines from setiger 44 in holotype; these spines number two per fascicle with capillaries at first; increasing to 5–6 spines in far posterior setigers accompanied by only 1–2 capillaries. Notopodia without separate acicular spines except last two setigers where two short, thickened, spinous capillaries occur among long thin capillaries. Thus, only up to seven or eight spines or spinous capillaries present in far posterior setigers; distinct posterior cinctures of spines not developed. Individual neuropodial spines unusual, with thickened shaft weakly curving to rounded tip; in lateral view, concave side of shaft with a groove and with apex of shaft expanded bearing same groove (Fig. 28C). In other views, groove and expanded shaft not clearly evident.</p><p>Body terminating in multilobed pygidium consisting of two rounded ventral lobes and two small dorsal lobes (Fig. 27C).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Prostomium retaining stain, otherwise no pattern.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone novagracilis n. sp. is unusual among bitentaculate cirratulids in having a multilobed pygidium and a unique grooved apical enlargement on the acicular spines. Although prominent and well-developed neuropodial acicular spines are present, notopodial spines are reduced to a pair of spinous capillaries. The absence of an equivalent number of notopodial spines and of distinct posterior cinctures of spines departs from the latest generic diagnosis of the genus. In this regard, Chaetozone novagracilis n. sp. is most similar to C. gracilis, a deepwater species from off California (depth 4016 m) that also has a reduced number of acicular spines that do not form distinct posterior cinctures and a multilobed pygidium (Moore 1923; Blake 1996). Chaetozone novagracilis n. sp. differs from C. gracilis in having an undivided peristomium instead of one that has a smooth elongate ring followed by a separate achaetous segment that bears the dorsal tentacles and first pair of branchiae. In contrast, the peristomium of C. novagracilis n. sp. is undivided with the dorsal tentacles on the posterior margin and the first pair of branchiae arising from setiger 1. In addition, the neuropodial acicular spines of C. novagracilis n. sp. first occur on setiger 44 instead of 33, and the spines have an unusual apical enlargement that bears a longitudinal grove or channel that continues along convex side of the shaft. Such a spine has not been previously observed in cirratulids.</p><p>Biology. Cruise SA-5 was the only ACSAR survey on which samples were collected at Sta. 14A off South Carolina. The ecological results were presented by Blake et al. (1987) and Blake &amp; Grassle (1994). The site was unusual in that the sediment consisted of 94–95% sand with low water content. The coarse grain size of the sediments appears to be important for Chaetozone novagracilis n. sp. because it was not encountered at other adjacent 600 m stations off Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras where the sediments have a high silt + clay content. Other newly described polychaetes known only from Sta. 14A are the orbiniid Leodamas mucronatus Blake, 2021a and another cirratulid, Caulleriella pintada Blake, 2021b . The latter species, with 14% of the total number of individuals among three replicate 0.09 m 2 samples, was the most abundant benthic invertebrate species at the site (Blake &amp; Grassle 1994; Blake 2021b).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is from novus, Latin for new or recent; and gracilis, Latin for slender or thin and is in reference to the close morphological similarity of the new species to C. gracilis (Moore, 1923) .</p><p>Distribution. Off Charleston, South Carolina, 605 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B712E235B65DDFC9DFCFEFF7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7123235D65DDFE81FDC9FBFB.text	054C717B7123235D65DDFE81FDC9FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone paucispinosa Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone paucispinosa new species</p><p>Figures 29–31</p><p>Table 5</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2613441D-0481-4F32-A05A-7C22A1B2EAF7</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 1: Blake et al. 1987; Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2 (in part); 1987b: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. (444 specimens) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.599667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8815/lat 38.599667)">Off</a> Delaware and New Jersey, U.S. Mid-Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 1: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 31 Mar 1984, 38°35.98′N, 72°52.89′W, 2195 m, holotype (USNM 1661244) , 1 paratype (USNM 1661245); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88433/lat 38.602)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep 1, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36.12′N, 72°53.06′W, 2209 m, 12 paratypes (USNM 1661246) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.881165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.599834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.881165/lat 38.599834)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.99′N, 72°52.87′W, 2194 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 16612447) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.883835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.883835/lat 38.598667)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.92′N, 72°53.03′W, 2163 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1661248) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.599" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.884/lat 38.599)">Rep.</a> 2, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.94′N, 72°53.04′W, 2175 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661249) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.86684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.5995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.86684/lat 38.5995)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Dec 1984, 38°35.97′N, 72°52.01′W, 2185 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661250) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8855/lat 38.598)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 3, 17 May 1985, 38°35.88′N, 72°53.13′W, 2195 m, 4, paratypes (USNM 1661251) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88517/lat 38.598335)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 2, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.90′N, 72°53.11′W, 2185 m, 8 paratypes (USNM 1661252) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88533/lat 38.598167)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 2, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35.89′N, 72°53.12′W, 2199 m, (2, USNM 1661253) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8865&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8865/lat 38.598835)">Rep.</a> 3, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35.93′N, 72°53.19′W, 2194 m, 9 paratypes (USNM 1661254) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89484/lat 38.595165)">Sta.</a> 2: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 01 Apr 1984, 38°35.71′N, 72°53.69′W, 2018 m (2, USNM 1661255) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8935/lat 38.595165)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Apr 1984, 38°35.71′N, 72°53.61′W, 2033 m (1, USNM 1661256) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.893&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.59617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.893/lat 38.59617)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.77′N, 72°53.58′W, 2019 m (3, USNM 1661257) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89467/lat 38.595665)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.74′N, 72°53.68′W, 2014 m (2, USNM 1661258) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.896835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.596" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.896835/lat 38.596)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.76′N, 72°53.81′W, 2004 m (1, USNM 1661259) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89384/lat 38.594833)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.69′N, 72°53.63′W, 2015 m (1, USNM 1661260) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8945/lat 38.595833)">Rep.</a> 3, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.75′N, 72°53.67′W, 2010 m (1, USNM 1661261) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8965/lat 38.594666)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.68′N, 72°53.79′W, 2010 m (5, USNM 1661262) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89633/lat 38.594833)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.69′N, 72°53.78′W, 2005 m (4, USNM 1661263) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.597168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8985/lat 38.597168)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 3, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35.83′N, 72°53.91′W, 1994 m (8, USNM 1661264) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.856834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.856834/lat 38.614666)">Sta.</a> 3: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 03 May 1984, 38°36.88′N, 72°51.41′W, 2055 m (1, USNM 1661265) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85567/lat 38.614666)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 May 1984, 38°36.88′N, 72°51.34′W, 2055 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661266) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.854836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.854836/lat 38.614334)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 May 1984, 38°36.86′N, 72°51.29′W, 2060 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661267) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8575/lat 38.6145)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 2, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36.87′N, 72°51.45′W, 2049 m (2, USNM 1661268) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.857666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.857666/lat 38.614)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36.84′N, 72°51.46′W, 2056 m (4, USNM 1661269) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85833/lat 38.614)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 03 Dec 1984, 38°36.84′N, 72°51.50′W, 2050 m (3, USNM 1661270) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.615166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85917/lat 38.615166)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 Dec 1984, 38°36.91′N, 72°51.55′W, 2050 m (8, USNM 1661271) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6135" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85917/lat 38.6135)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Dec 1984, 38°36.81′N, 72°51.55′W, 2050 m (1, USNM 1661272) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.86/lat 38.6125)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 3, 16 May 1985, 38°36.75′N, 72°51.60′W, 2052 m (3, USNM 1661273) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.858665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.858665/lat 38.6125)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 2, 05 Aug 1985, 38°36.75′N, 72°51.52′W, 2058 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1661274) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.859&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.613667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.859/lat 38.613667)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Aug 1985, 38°36.82′N, 72°51.54′W, 2050 m (2, USNM 1661275) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.86017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.86017/lat 38.6125)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 2, 12 Nov 1985, 38°36.75′N, 72°51.61′W, 2064 m (12, USNM 1661276) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.860664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.612835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.860664/lat 38.612835)">Rep.</a> 3, 12 Nov 1985, 38°36.77′N, 72°51.64′W, 2056 m (7, USNM 1661277) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.684/lat 38.740833)">Sta.</a> 4: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 08 May 1984, 38°44.45′N, 72°41.04′W, 2108 m (1, USNM 1661278) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.684166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.741333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.684166/lat 38.741333)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 01 Aug 1984, 38°44.48′N, 72°41.05′W, 2124 m (7, USNM 1661279) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.687164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.687164/lat 38.74217)">Rep.</a> 2, 01 Aug 1984, 38°44.53′N, 72°41.23′W, 2114 m (1, USNM 1661280) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.6825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.742332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.6825/lat 38.742332)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Aug 1984, 38°44.54′N, 72°40.95′W, 2099 m (1, USNM 1661281) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.739334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68684/lat 38.739334)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 05 Dec 1984, 38°44.36′N, 72°41.21′W, 2105 m (5, USNM 1661282) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.739666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.683334/lat 38.739666)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Dec 1984, 38°44.38′N, 72°41.00′W, 2110 m (2, USNM 1661283) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68767&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68767/lat 38.740833)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 2, 16 May 1985, 38°44.45′N, 72°41.26′W, 2091 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661284) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.7405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68733/lat 38.7405)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 03 Aug 1985, 38°44.43′N, 72°41.24′W, 2095 m (7, USNM 1661285) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.687/lat 38.740665)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 Aug 1985, 38°44.44′N, 72°41.22′W, 2095 m (2, USNM 1661286) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68684/lat 38.740166)">Rep.</a> 3, 3 Aug 1985, 38°44.41′N, 72°41.21′W, 2095 m (4, USNM 1661287) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.687836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.687836/lat 38.739)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 1, 11 Nov 1985, 38°44.34′N, 72°41.27′W, 2112 m (2, USNM 1661288) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.6875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.6875/lat 38.74)">Rep.</a> 2, 11 Nov 1985, 38°44.40′N, 72°41.25′W, 2106 m (10, USNM 1661289) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.553/lat 38.842335)">Sta.</a> 5: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 08 May 1984, 38°50.54′N, 72°33.18′W, 2055 m (2, USNM 1661290) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55167/lat 38.842167)">Rep.</a> 2, 08 May 1984, 38°50.53′N, 72°33.10′W, 2065 m (1, USNM 1661291) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55233/lat 38.841)">Rep.</a> 3, 08 May 1984, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.14′W, 2080 m (8, USNM 1661292) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.5505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.5505/lat 38.840332)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.03′W, 2089 m (5, USNM 1661293) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.550835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.550835/lat 38.840332)">Rep.</a> 2, 01Aug 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.05′W, 2089 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661294) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.54933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.54933/lat 38.842)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.52′N, 72°32.96′W, 2074 m (2, USNM 1661295) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55117/lat 38.841167)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 3, 05 Dec 1984, 38°50.47′N, 72°33.07′W, 2070 m (2, USNM 1661296) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.8415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55283/lat 38.8415)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 1, 11 Nov 1985, 38°50.49′N, 72°33.17′W, 2079 m (6, USNM 1661297) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.8415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55283/lat 38.8415)">Rep.</a> 2, 11 Nov 1985, 38°50.49′N, 72°33.17′W, 2084 m (10, USNM 1661298) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55334/lat 38.840668)">Rep.</a> 3, 11 Nov 1985, 38°50.44′N, 72°33.20′W, 2089 m (2, USNM 1661299) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04967/lat 39.0935)">Sta.</a> 6: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 03 May 1984, 39°05.61′N, 72°02.98′W, 2090 m (5, USNM 1661300) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.05/lat 39.093834)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 May 1984, 39°05.63′N, 72°03.00′W, 2088 m (5, USNM 1661301) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.05/lat 39.093166)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 May 1984, 39°05.59′N, 72°03.00′W, 2090 m (3, USNM 1661302) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.0495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.0495/lat 39.094166)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 01 Aug 1984, 39°05.65′N, 72°02.97′W, 2084 m (2, USNM 1661303) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.049835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.049835/lat 39.094666)">Rep.</a> 2, 01 Aug 1984, 39°05.68′N, 72°02.99′W, 2084 m (4, USNM 1661304) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.049835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.049835/lat 39.094833)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Aug 1984, 39°05.69′N, 72°02.99′W, 2084 m (1, USNM 1661305) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04684/lat 39.093)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.58′N, 72°02.81′W, 2090 m (1, USNM 1661306) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.047165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.092834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.047165/lat 39.092834)">Rep.</a> 2, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.57′N, 72°02.83′W, 2090 m (5, USNM 1661307) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.03467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.03467/lat 39.094166)">Rep.</a> 3, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.65′N, 72°02.08′W, 2085 m (3, USNM 1661308) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.053665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.053665/lat 39.094166)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 02 Aug 1985, 39°05.65′N, 72°03.22′W, 2080 m (1, USNM 1661309) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.054/lat 39.094)">Rep.</a> 2, 02 Aug 1985, 39°05.64′N, 72°03.24′W, 2080 m (6, USNM 1661310) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.053665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.053665/lat 39.094166)">Rep.</a> 3, 02 Aug 1985, 39°05.65′N, 72°03.22′W, 2080 m (1, USNM 1661311) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0575/lat 38.455334)">Sta.</a> 7: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°27.32′N, 73°03.45′W, 2110 m (2, USNM 1661312) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0575/lat 38.455334)">Rep.</a> 2, 06 May 1984, 38°27.32′N, 73°03.45′W, 2110 m (12, USNM 1661313) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05683/lat 38.455666)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.34′N, 73°03.41′W, 2104 m (4, USNM 1661314) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.056335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.056335/lat 38.455334)">Rep.</a> 2, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.32′N, 73°03.38′W, 2104 m (6, USNM 1661315) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05683/lat 38.455666)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.34′N, 73°03.41′W, 2104 m (11, USNM 1661316) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.056335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.056335/lat 38.454666)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 02 Dec 1984, 38°27.28′N, 73°03.38′W, 2110 m (3, USNM 1661317) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05867/lat 38.4545)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 1, 13 May 1985, 38°27.27′N, 73°03.52′W, 2106 m (8, USNM 1661318) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05867/lat 38.4545)">Rep.</a> 2, 13 May 1985, 38°27.27′N, 73°03.52′W, 2106 m (3, USNM 1661319) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.059&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.059/lat 38.455166)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 3, 07 Aug 1985, 38°27.31′N, 73°03.54′W, 2088 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661320) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05967/lat 38.454834)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 1, 16 Nov 1985, 38°27.29′N, 73°03.58′W, 2096 m (3, USNM 1661321) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08483/lat 38.456)">Sta.</a> 8: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°05.09′W, 2148 m (5, USNM 1661322) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08134/lat 38.456)">Rep.</a> 2, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°04.88′W, 2150 m, 11 paratypes (USNM 1661323) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.079834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4535" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.079834/lat 38.4535)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 2, 05 Aug 1984, 38°27.21′N, 73°04.79′W, 2159 m (3, USNM 1661324) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.452168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08117/lat 38.452168)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 01 Dec 1984, 38°27.13′N, 73°04.87′W, 2150 m (1, USNM 1661325) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.079834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.079834/lat 38.455)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Dec 1984, 38°27.30′N, 73°04.79′W, 2155 m (7, USNM 1661326) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.27316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.851665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.27316/lat 38.851665)">Off</a> New Jersey, U.S. EPA DWD-106 Site Survey, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. F: Rep. 1, 18 Nov 1985, 38°51.10′N, 72°16.39′W, 2500 m (2, MCZ 161951) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.27316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.851833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.27316/lat 38.851833)">Rep.</a> 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°51.11′N, 72°16.39′W, 2500 m (2, MCZ 161952) . Sta. G: Rep. 1, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.66′N, 72°02.53′W, 2505 m (3, MCZ 161953); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.042336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.927166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.042336/lat 38.927166)">Rep.</a> 2, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.63′N, 72°02.54′W, 2509 m (8, MCZ 161954) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.042336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.926666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.042336/lat 38.926666)">Rep.</a> 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.60′N, 72°02.54′W, 2505 m (3, MCZ 161955) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.22867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.953335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.22867/lat 40.953335)">Off New</a> England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 2: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 08 Nov 1984, 40°57.20′N, 66°13.72′W, 2112 m (1, USNM 1661327) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.23116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.23116/lat 40.953)">Rep.</a> 2, 08 Nov 1984, 40°57.18′N, 66°13.87′W, 2095 m (2, USNM 1661328) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.0225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33733/lat 41.0225)">Sta.</a> 3: Cruise NA-5, Rep. 2, 27 Apr 1986, 41°01.35′N, 66°20.24′W, 1335 m (2, USNM 1661329) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.335335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.025833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.335335/lat 41.025833)">Cruise</a> NA-6, Rep. 1, 25 Jul 1986, 41°01.55′N, 66°20.12W, 1345 m (2, USNM 1661330) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.025166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33783/lat 41.025166)">Rep.</a> 3, 25 Jul 1986, 41°01.51′N, 66°20.27′W, 1333 m (2, USNM 1661331) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.499&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.499/lat 40.08433)">Sta.</a> 5: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 05 Nov 1984, 40°05.06′N, 67°29.94′W, 2052 m (1, USNM 1661332) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.497665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.497665/lat 40.08433)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 1, 25 Nov 1985, 40°05.06′N, 67°29.86′W, 2074 m (1, USNM 1661333) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.49733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.49733/lat 40.084835)">Rep.</a> 2, 25 Nov 1985, 40°05.09′N, 67°29.84′W, 2071 m (1, USNM 1661334) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.49983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.49983/lat 40.084)">Sta.</a> 6: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.04′N, 67°29.99′W, 2108 m (3, USNM 1661335) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4855/lat 40.08383)">Rep.</a> 2, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.03′N, 67°29.13′W, 2108 m (3, USNM 1661336) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.08433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4855/lat 40.08433)">Rep.</a> 3, 29 Apr 1985, 40°05.06′N, 67°29.13′W, 2107 m (4, USNM 1661337) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.48683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.085167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.48683/lat 40.085167)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 2, 30 Apr 1986, 40°05.11′N, 67°29.21′W, 2110 m (4, USNM 1661338) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.172832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62383/lat 40.172832)">Sta.</a> 8: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°10.37′N, 67°37.43′W, 2175 m (2, USNM 1661339) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.620834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.620834/lat 40.170666)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 4, 29 Apr 1985, 40°10.24′N, 67°37.25′W, 2185 m (4, USNM 1661340) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.171" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62033/lat 40.171)">Cruse</a> NA-3, Rep. 1, 05 Jul 1985, 40°10.26′N, 67°37.22′W, 2180 m (1, USNM 1661341) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62016&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.171" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62016/lat 40.171)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Jul 1985, 40°10.26′N, 67°37.21′W, 2180 m (6, USNM 1661342) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62217/lat 40.170834)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 2, 22 Nov 1985, 40°10.25′N, 67°37.33′W, 2179 m (1, USNM 1661343) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.6215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.169834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.6215/lat 40.169834)">Cruse</a> NA-5, Rep. 2, 29 Apr 1986, 40°10.19′N, 67°37.29′W, 2165 m (4, USNM 1661344) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.169" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62417/lat 40.169)">Rep.</a> 3, 29 Apr 1986, 40°10.14′N, 67°37.45′W, 2130 m (2, USNM 1661345) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.620834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.1705" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.620834/lat 40.1705)">Cruise</a> NA-6, Rep. 2, 27 Jul 1986, 40°10.23′N, 67°37.25′W, 2193 m (3, USNM 1661346) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62133/lat 40.170166)">Rep.</a> 3, 27 Jul 1986, 40°10.21′N, 67°37.28′W, 2188 m (3, USNM 1661347) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.029335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.84083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.029335/lat 39.84083)">Sta.</a> 9: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 12 Nov 1984, 39°50.45′N, 70°01.76′W, 1200 m (1, USNM 1661348) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.842167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.028/lat 39.842167)">Rep.</a> 3, 12 Nov 1984, 39°50.53′N, 70°01.68′W, 1225 m (1, USNM 1661349) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.02634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.8405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.02634/lat 39.8405)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 1, 03 May 1985, 39°50.43′N, 70°01.58′W, 1235 m (3, USNM 1661350) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.02983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.842335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.02983/lat 39.842335)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 1, 03 May 1986, 39°50.54′N, 70°01.79′W, 1214 m (1, USNM 1661351) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.029335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.8415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.029335/lat 39.8415)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 May 1986, 39°50.49′N, 70°01.76′W, 1208 m (2, USNM 1661352) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.02866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.8395" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.02866/lat 39.8395)">Cruise</a> NA-6, Rep. 1, 28 Jul 1986, 39°50.37′N, 70°01.72′W, 1233 m (1, USNM 1661353) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.08884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.803665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.08884/lat 39.803665)">Sta.</a> 10: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 12 Nov 1984, 39°48.22′N, 70°05.33′W, 1200 m (1, USNM 1661354) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.801167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0895/lat 39.801167)">Cruise</a> NA-6, Rep. 2, 28 Jul 1986, 39°48.07′N, 70°05.37′W, 1253 m (1, USNM 1661355) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.799835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.918/lat 39.799835)">Sta.</a> 13: Cruise NA-5, Rep. 1, 06 May 1986, 39°47.99′N, 70°55.08′W, 1270 m (4, USNM 1661356) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.6815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90483/lat 39.6815)">Sta.</a> 14: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 3, 09 Dec 1984, 39°40.89′N, 70°54.29′W, 2107 m (2, USNM 1661357) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.681835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90283/lat 39.681835)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 1, 05 May 1985, 39°40.91′N, 70°54.17′W, 2095 m (3, USNM 1661358) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.668335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9045/lat 39.668335)">Sta.</a> 15: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 09 Dec 1984, 39°40.10′N, 70°54.27′W, 2155 m (7, USNM 1661359) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.905&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.667667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.905/lat 39.667667)">Rep.</a> 3, 09 Dec 1984, 39°40.06′N, 70°54.30′W, 2155 m (7, USNM 1661360) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.9045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.66783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.9045/lat 39.66783)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 1, 05 May 1985, 39°40.07′N, 70°54.27′W, 2145 m (7, USNM 1661361) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.668335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90517/lat 39.668335)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1984, 39°40.10′N, 70°54.31′W, 2140 m (5, USNM 1661362) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.6675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90483/lat 39.6675)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 1, 28 Nov 1985, 39°40.05N, 70°54.29′W, 2124 m (1, USNM 1661363) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.665833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90317/lat 39.665833)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 2, 05 May 1986, 39°39.95′N, 70°54.19′W, 2164 m (2, USNM 1661364) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.90683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.90683/lat 39.666668)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1986, 39°40.00′N, 70°54.41′W, 2160 m (3, USNM 1661365) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.30317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.098167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.30317/lat 34.098167)">Off Cape Lookout</a>, North Carolina, US South Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 5: Cruise SA-1, Rep. 3, 14 Nov 1983, 34°05.89′N, 75°18.19′W, 3040 m (1, USNM 1661366) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.31&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.111668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.31/lat 34.111668)">Cruise</a> SA-2, Rep. 2, 19 May 1984, 34°06.70′N, 75°18.60′W, 3034 m (1, USNM 1661367) .</p><p>Description. Holotype (USNM 1661244) (Figs. 29A–C, 30A, E) with 100 setigers, 12.1 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; largest specimen (USNM 1661295) with 151 setigers, 21 mm long, 0.5 mm wide across anterior setigers; another large specimen (USNM 1661267) with 102 setigers, 16. 5 mm long and 0.45 mm wide; a 49-setiger specimen (USNM 1661274) 5.8 mm long, 0.18 mm wide (Fig. 30B); a 26-setiger juvenile 2.4 mm long and 0.09 mm wide (Fig. 30C) and an 18-setiger juvenile 1.46 mm long and 0.08 mm wide (USNM 1661322) (Fig. 30D).</p><p>Body elongate, cylindrical in cross section; anterior 15–20 setigers of adults short, crowded, about 7–8 times wider than long (Fig. 30A), then individual segments increasing in length in middle body, becoming moniliform posteriorly (Fig. 30B), but with farthest posterior segments again narrowing to pygidium (Fig. 30B–E). Juveniles and smaller adults with middle and posterior segments moniliform (Fig. 30C–D). Dorsal and ventral grooves not apparent. Color in alcohol light tan; larger specimens, including holotype, with clusters of black pigment spots on lateral margins of last peristomial ring (Figs. 29C, 30G).</p><p>Pre-setiger region elongate, narrow, as long as first ten setigers in larger specimens (Figs. 29A–C, 30A). Prostomium conical, tapering to narrow rounded tip; entire prostomium turned upward in some specimens (Figs. 29A, 30A–B); eyespots absent; nuchal organs curved notches on posterior lateral margin, appearing as pigmented spots in some juveniles. Peristomium long, divided into three distinct rings with grooves apparent laterally (Fig. 29A–B); rings not complete dorsally; first ring merged dorsally with posterior margin of prostomium and ventrally surrounding oral opening from which bulbous pharynx or proboscis emerges (Figs. 29B–C, 30F–G). Some specimens with first peristomial ring dorsally elevated producing rounded crest, but consistent dorsal crest not present in this species. Ventrally, first peristomial ring separated from merged second and third ring by deep groove (Fig. 29B); second and third rings only separated laterally, but distinctly separated from setiger 1 by a deep groove (Fig. 29C). Dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin of peristomium with first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles (Fig. 29A). Second pair of branchiae on setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae; branchiae in similar location on following segments. Branchiae mostly missing, but when present each long and thin, occurring along most of body (Figs. 29A–B, 30A, D).</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; segments moniliform in posterior and more anteriorly in smaller specimens with parapodia dorsolateral with noto- and notopodia close to one another (Fig. 31A). Parapodial cinctures not present.Anterior setae all long capillaries numbering about 12–15 per fascicle in largest specimens and usually including long natatory-like setae in notopodia of anterior and middle segments; these not associated with sexual maturity. Neuropodial spines from middle body segments in juveniles and specimens with fewer than 75 setigers; holotype and larger specimens with neuropodial spines from posterior quarter of body, setiger 73 of 100 in holotype. Neuropodial spines numbering 1–3 in juveniles, increasing to 7–8 per fascicle in largest specimens. Neuropodial spines narrow, with rounded tip, distinctly curved sigmoidally in ventral-most spines, becoming straighter and more elongate in dorsal part of fascicle (Figs. 29D–F, 31C). Notosetae of posterior setigers mostly capillaries (Fig. 31B), with spines only present in a few pre-pygidial setigers in largest specimens, these numbering no more that 1–2 per fascicle; each straight, with sharply pointed tip. Maximal number of spines observed in largest specimens 8–10 on a side; most specimens with no more than 4–7 spines on a side.</p><p>Body terminating in short pygidium bearing a semicircular disk ventral to the anal opening (Fig. 30E).</p><p>Methyl green staining. A distinctive MG staining pattern is evident on the pre-setiger region (Figs. 30 F–G) where the prostomium and peristomium stain prominently with dorsolateral unstained patches; the second and third peristomial rings typically stain dark blue; the proboscis when extended and posterior lips of the mouth do not stain (Fig. 30F–G). In larger specimens, the parapodia of 3–4 anterior setigers also stain to varying degrees. The rest of the body de-stains rapidly with no pattern.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone paucispinosa n. sp. is a widespread lower continental slope species along the US Atlantic coast, with numerous specimens available for study including juveniles and sexually mature adults. Due to the large number of specimens that were collected, it was possible to document the considerable variation in their overall appearance with growth. Juveniles initially have moniliform segments along most of their length; after about 50 setigers are developed, the first third of the body has crowded segments, with moniliform segments retained in the posterior two-thirds. The largest specimens only have moniliform segments in the last 15 or so segments. Most specimens, large or small, have an expanded oral opening from which a partially protruding pharynx is typically observed (Figs. 29A–C, 30B–D, F–G). In lateral view the everted pharynx is easily visible and provides a superficial clue relative to the identification of this species. In many of the larger specimens, the prostomium is turned up, or somewhat directed dorsally, best seen in lateral view (Figs. 29C, 30B). The acicular spines are generally narrow with the smaller spines being curved and the longer ones having straighter shafts. The largest specimens also have black pigment spots located ventrolateral on the last peristomial ring (Figs. 29C, 30G). A summary of size and acicular spine data for this species is presented in Table 5.</p><p>Relative to the nature and number of acicular spines, C. paucispinosa n. sp. is most similar to Chaetozone homosetosa from Antarctica (Blake 2018). Both species have the peristomium divided into three rings and the dorsal tentacles and first branchiae arising from the posterior margin of the peristomium. In addition, both species are recorded as having black pigment spots on the lateral margins of the last peristomial ring and similar methyl green staining patterns. However, C. homosetosa has a prominent dorsal peristomial crest that is entirely lacking in C. paucispinosa n. sp. In addition, the acicular spines of C. homosetosa while similarly narrow are more sigmoidally curved than in C. paucispinosa n. sp.</p><p>Biology. Although widespread along the entire U.S. Atlantic continental slope, C. paucispinosa n. sp. (as C. sp. 1) was never reported as a dominant taxon at any station in any of the three ACSAR program areas. Sperm packets were observed in several specimens (e.g., USNM 1661350).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet paucispinosa is from paucis, Latin for few and spina, Latin for thorn, in reference to the reduced number of spines in the posterior setigers of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Widespread along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope in depths of 1200–3040 m.</p><p>Abbreviation: set, setiger(s).</p><p>The Chaetozone setosa group</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone setosa, the type-species of the genus, has noto- and neuropodia with spreading fascicles of numerous and enlarged sigmoid-shaped acicular spines with rounded or pointed tips that are not curved or recurved, and that usually alternate with capillaries. This type of armature is represented by six species in the present study, three of which are new to science.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7123235D65DDFE81FDC9FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7125232165DDFB04FD1DFAC0.text	054C717B7125232165DDFB04FD1DFAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone diodonta Doner & Blake 2006	<div><p>Chaetozone diodonta Doner&amp; Blake, 2006</p><p>Figure 32–33</p><p>Chaetozone sp. A: Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985: B-5 (in part).</p><p>Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985: 33, B-5.</p><p>Chaetozone diodonta Doner &amp; Blake, 2006: 71–72, Fig. 4, 5D; Blake &amp; Levesque 2017: 572–573, 576–577.</p><p>Material examined. (883 specimens) Off Massachusetts, Georges Bank, MMS <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61667/lat 40.45)">Benthic Infauna Monitoring Program</a>, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 8: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61667/lat 40.45)">Cruise</a> M-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61667/lat 40.45)">Rep.</a> 2, Jul 1981, 40°27.0′N, 67°37.0′W, 145 m (3, USNM 1661080) ; Rep. 3, (1, USNM 1661081) ; Rep. 5, (5, USNM 1661082) ; Rep. 6 (7, USNM 1661083) ; Cruise M-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61833/lat 40.453335)">Rep.</a> 1, 11 Nov 1981, 40°27.2′N, 67°37.1′W, 140 m (1, USNM 1661084) ; Rep. 2 (2, USNM 1661085) ; Rep. 3 (1, USNM 1661086) ; Rep. 4 (1, USNM 1661087) ; Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1661088) ; Rep. 6 (3, USNM 1661089) ; Cruise M-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61833/lat 40.453335)">Rep.</a> 1, 17 Feb 1982, 40°27.2′N, 67°37.1′W, 147 m (1, USNM 1661090) ; Rep. 4, (1, USNM 1661091) ; Rep. 5 (3, USNM 1661092) ; Rep. 6 (3, USNM 1661093) ; Cruise M-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62/lat 40.453335)">Rep.</a> 2, 13 May 1982, 40°27.2′N, 67°37.2′W, 140 m (2, USNM 01661094) ; Rep. 4 (1, USNM 1661095) ; Rep. 5 (10, USNM 1661096) ; Rep. 6 (5, USNM 1661097) ; Cruise M-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.451668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61833/lat 40.451668)">Rep.</a> 1, 23 Jul 1982, 40°27.1′N, 67°37.1′W, 140 m (1, USNM 1661098) ; Rep. 3 (6, USNM 11661099) ; Rep. 6 (6, USNM 1661100) ; Cruise M-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.451668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62/lat 40.451668)">Rep.</a> 1, 22 Nov 1982, 40°27.1′N, 67°37.2′W, 145 m (2, USNM 1661101) ; Rep. 2 (2, USNM 1661102) ; Rep. 3 (20, USNM 1661103) ; Rep. 4 (4, USNM 1661104) ; Rep. 5 (7, USNM 1661105) ; Rep. 6 (7, USNM 1661106) ; Cruise M-7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.451668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62/lat 40.451668)">Rep.</a> 1, 09 Nov 1982, 40°27.1′N, 67°37.2′W, 142 m (2, USNM1661107) ; Rep. 2 (3, USNM 1661108) ; Rep. 4 (3, USNM 1661109) ; Rep. 5, (6, USNM 1661110) ; Rep. 6 (10, USNM 1661111) ; Cruise M-8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.451668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62383/lat 40.451668)">Rep.</a> 2, 16 May 1983, 40°27.1′N, 67°37.43′W, 146 m (6, USNM 1661112) ; Cruise M-9, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.451668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62383/lat 40.451668)">Rep.</a> 1, 15 Jul 1983, 40°27.1′N, 67°37.43′W, 152 m (11, USNM 1661113) ; Rep. 2 (10, USNM 1661114) ; Rep. 4 (14, USNM 1661115) ; Rep. 5 (5, USNM 1661116) ; Cruise M-10, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.451668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62334/lat 40.451668)">Rep</a> 1, 16 Nov 1983, 40°27.1′N, 67°37.4′W, 152 m (3, USNM 1661117) ; Rep. 2 (2, USNM 1661118) ; Rep. 3 (3, USNM 1661119) ; Rep. 5 (4, USNM 1661120) ; Cruise M-11, 03 Feb 1984, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61833/lat 40.453335)">Rep.</a> 2, 40°27.2′N, 67°37.1′W, 152 m (3, USNM 1661121) ; Rep. 3 (12, USNM 1661122) ; Rep. 4 (10, USNM 1661123) ; Cruise M-12, 05 Jun 1984, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.61833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.61833/lat 40.453335)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°27.2′N, 67°37.1′W, 152 m (7, USNM 1661124) ; Rep. 3 (10, USNM 1661125) ; Rep. 5 (5, USNM 1661126) . Sta. 16: Cruise M-1, Jul 1981, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.205/lat 40.57)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.2′N, 67°12.3′W, 140 m (1, USNM 1661127) ; Rep. 4 (2, USNM 01661128) ; Cruise M-2, 18 Nov 1981, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.205/lat 40.57)">Rep.</a> 3, 40°34.2′N, 67°12.3′W, 140 m (1, USNM 1661129) ; Cruise M-3, 17 Feb 1982, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.208336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.571667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.208336/lat 40.571667)">Rep.</a> 3, 40°34.3′N, 67°12.5′W, 141 m (5, USNM 1661130) ; Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1661131) ; Cruise M-4, 12 May 1982, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.206665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.571667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.206665/lat 40.571667)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.3′N, 67°12.4′W, 140 m (3, USNM 1661132) ; Rep. 3 (4, USNM 1661133) ; Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1661134) ; Cruise M-6, 21 Nov 1982, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.206665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.571667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.206665/lat 40.571667)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.3′N, 67°12.4′W, 138 m (5, USNM 1661135) ; Rep. 2 (1, USNM 1661136) ; Rep. 3 (13, USNM 1661137) ; Rep. 4 (6, USNM 1661138) ; Rep. 5 (4, USNM1661139) ; Rep. 6 (4, USNM 1661140) ; Cruise M-7, 09 Feb 1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.206665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.571667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.206665/lat 40.571667)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.3′N, 67°12.4′W, 143 m (3, USNM 1661141) ; Rep. 2 (9, USNM 1661142) ; Rep. 3 (5, USNM 1661143) ; Rep. 4 (6, USNM 1661144) ; Rep. 5 (18, USNM 1661145) ; Rep. 6 (7, USNM 1661146) ; Cruise M-8, 16 May 1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.206665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.571667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.206665/lat 40.571667)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.3′N, 67°12.4′W, 139 m (9, USNM 1661147) ; Rep. 6 (4, USNM 1661148) ; Cruise M-9, 15 Jul 1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.205/lat 40.57)">Rep.</a> 3, 40°34.2′N, 67°12.3′W, 142 m (2, USNM 1661149) ; Rep. 4 (18, USNM 1661150) ; Rep. 5 (10, USNM 1661151) ; Cruise M-10, 15 Nov 1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.205/lat 40.57)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.2′N, 67°12.3′W, 142 m (14, USNM 01661152) ; Rep. 2 (2, USNM 1661153) ; Rep. 3 (23, USNM 1661154) ; Rep. 4 (13, USNM 1661155) ; Rep. 5 (11, USNM 1661156) ; Rep. 6 (14, USNM 1661157) ; Cruise M-11, 03 Feb 1984, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.205/lat 40.57)">Rep.</a> 1, 40°34.2′N, 67°12.3′W, 142 m (7, USNM 1661158) ; Rep. 2 (7, USNM 1661159) ; Rep. 3 (9, USNM 1661160) ; Rep. 4 (17, USNM 1661161) ; Rep. 5 (8, USNM 1661162) ; Rep. 6 (11, USNM 1661163) ; Cruise M-12, 05 Jun 1984, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.205/lat 40.57)">Rep.</a> 2, 40°34.2′N, 67°12.3′W, 142 m (18, USNM 1661164) ; Rep. 3 (5, USNM 1661165) ; Rep. 4 (8, USNM 1661166) ; Rep. 5 (2, USNM 1661167) ; Rep. 6 (4, USNM 1661168) . Sta. 17: Cruise M-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.195/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 4, Jul 1981, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.7′W, 145 m (1, USNM 1661169) ; Cruise M-2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.195/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 1, 18 Nov. 1981, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.7′W, 145 m (5, USNM 1661170) ; Cruise M-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.581665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.185/lat 40.581665)">Rep.</a> 1, 18 Feb 1982, 40°34.90′N, 67°11.1′W, 145 m (1, USNM 1661171) ; Rep. 4 (3, USNM 1661172) ; Rep. 6 (3, USNM 1661173) ; Cruise M-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18833/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 4, 12 May 1982, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.3′W, 130 m (3, USNM 1661174) ; Cruise M-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18667/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 1, 23 Jul 1983, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.2′W, 135 m (3, USNM 1661175) ; Rep. 5 (3, USNM 01661176) ; Cruise M-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18667/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 2, Nov 1982, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.2′W, 140 m (5, USNM 1661177) ; Rep. 3 (3, USNM 1661178) ; Rep. 4 (5, USNM 1661179) ; Rep. 5 (5, USNM 1661180) ; Cruise M-7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18833/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 1, 08 Feb 1983, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.3′W, 144 m (3, USNM 1661181) ; Rep. 2 (3, USNM 1661182) ; Rep. 3 (2, USNM 1661183) ; Rep. 5 (1, USNM 1661184) ; Rep. 6 (5, USNM 1661185) ; Cruise M-8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18833/lat 40.583332)">Rep.</a> 6, 16 May 1983, 40°35.0′N, 67°11.3′W, 141 m, (5, USNM 1661186) , SEM stubs (4, USNM 1661187); Sta. 18: Cruise M-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.18833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.18833/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 4, Jul 1981, 40°33.5′N, 67°11.3′W, 145 m (3, USNM 1661188) ; Rep. 5 (5, USNM 1661189) ; Rep. 6 (4, USNM 1661190) ; Cruise M-2, Rep. 2, 18 Nov 1981, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.7.6′W, 145 m (3, USNM 1661191) ; Rep. 3 (5, USNM 1661192) ; Rep. 4 (3, USNM 1661193) ; Cruise M-3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.223335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.223335/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 2, 17 Feb 1982, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.4′W, 147 m (3, USNM 1661194) ; Rep. 3 (2, USNM 1661195) ; Rep. 4 (3, USNM 1661196) ; Rep. 5 (9, USNM 1661197) ; Rep. 6 (7, USNM 1661198) ; Cruise M-4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.22667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.22667/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 1, 13 May 1982, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.6′W, 150 m (9, USNM 1661199) ; Rep. 2 (7, USNM 1661200) ; Rep. 3 (9, USNM 1661201) ; Rep. 5 (4, USNM 1661202) ; Rep. 6 (1, USNM 1661203) ; Cruise M-5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.225/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 4, 23 Jul 1982, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.5′W, 140 m (4, USNM 1661204) ; Rep. 6 (11, USNM 1661205) ; Cruise M-6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.22667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.22667/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 1, 21 Nov 1982, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.6′W, 144 m (2, USNM 1661206) ; Rep. 2 (8, USNM 1661207) ; Rep. 3 (22, USNM 1661208) ; Rep. 5 (9, USNM 1661209) ; Rep. 6 (9, USNM 1661210) ; Cruise M-7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.225/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 1, 09 Feb 1983, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.5′W, 147 m (30, USNM 1661211) ; Rep. 2 (18 USNM 1661212) ; Rep. 3 (15, USNM 1661213) ; Rep. 4 (5, USNM 1661214) ; Cruise M-8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.225/lat 40.558334)">Rep.</a> 1, 16 May 1983, 40°33.5′N, 67°13.5′W, 141 m (8, USNM 1661215) ; Rep. 2 (12, USNM 1661216) ; Rep. 3 (13, USNM 1661217) ; Rep. 4 (25, USNM 1661218) .</p><p>Description. A moderately sized species, 6.0–9.5 mm long, 0.6–0.8 mm wide for up to 100–120 setigers. Specimen from USNM 1661105 complete, 9.5 mm long with 115 setigers. Body thickest in anterior half, then gradually tapering posteriorly to narrow pre-pygidial segments (Fig. 32A). Body rounded dorsally with narrow groove anteriorly (Fig. 32D); flattened ventrally with prominent mid-ventral groove along entire length (Fig. 32A–B). Anterior setigers short, crowded, about ten times as wide as long (Fig. 32D); segments of posterior segments not as short, but still 5–6 times wider than long. Posterior segments with partial cinctures with wide dorsal and ventral gaps (Fig 32F). Color in alcohol light tan, lacking distinctive body pigment.</p><p>Pre-setiger region relatively thick, short, as long as first 8–10 crowded anterior setigers. Prostomium thick, elongate, conical, tapering to pointed tip (Fig. 32A–B, D), sometimes curved ventrally with tip not clearly visible when viewed dorsally (Fig. 32C); eyespots absent; nuchal organs oval, elongate curved grooves (Fig. 32D inset). Peristomium as wide as long or wider; with two lateral grooves producing three distinct rings (Fig. 32B–D), but these only partially visible dorsally; with distinct dorsal crest (Fig. 32B–D), best developed in anterior half. Dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin of peristomium; first branchiae lateral to tentacles and anterior to setiger 1(Fig. 32B–D). Subsequent pairs of branchiae positioned dorsal to and slightly posterior to notosetae (Fig. 32D).</p><p>Noto- and neuropodia reduced to low tori bearing setal fascicles. Parapodia of anterior setigers forming distinct protruding lateral shoulders (Fig. 32A–B), these becoming reduced and entirely absent in middle and posterior segments. Notosetae of anterior setigers simple, smooth capillaries, 7–8 per fascicle with one or two transitioning to long, acicular spines from about setiger 65–70 with addition of one, rarely two, bidentate hooks at setiger 80–90 in inferior-most position; up to 5–6 spines per notopodium alternating with capillaries (Fig. 33A–D). Neurosetae of first setigers simple capillaries, 5–6 per fascicle with transition to short acicular spines by about setiger 15–20; posterior setigers with 5–7 spines per fascicle alternating with capillaries; one or two bidentate spines typically present in inferior-most position in fascicle (Fig. 32D). Posterior setigers with partial cinctures with elevated membranes bearing up 10–13 spines on a side. Setae of last 5–10 setigers reduced to a single capillary and spine in both podia. Individual acicular spines thick, weakly curving to pointed tip; bidentate hooks with long, pointed main tooth curving laterally to shaft, surmounted by short pointed, apical tooth (Fig. 33E).</p><p>Pygidium with 5–6 elongate lobes lateral and dorsal to anal opening, large semi-circular flattened disk ventral to anal opening (Fig. 32E–G).</p><p>Variability. There is considerable variability in the kinds and numbers of acicular spines along the body. In some specimens the notopodial bidentate hooks do not appear until the last 5–10 setigers. In other specimens, unidentate neuropodial spines are present initially with a few transitioning to bidentate hooks more posteriorly. However, the tips of the spines are curved and details including the small apical tooth may be difficult to observe at certain angles in light microscopy.</p><p>Methyl green staining. No apparent pattern.</p><p>Remarks. Locally, Chaetozone diodonta is most similar to C. donerae n. sp., in having partial cinctures of posterior spines with wide dorsal and ventral gaps between the noto- and neuropodia. The presence of bidentate hooks among acicular spines in C. diodonta is a distinct difference from C. donerae n. sp., which has only unidentate spines. In addition, C. diodonta has three distinct peristomial rings instead of two.</p><p>The only other North American species of Chaetozone having both uni- and bidentate spines in posterior cinctures is Chaetozone lunula Blake, 1996 from the continental shelf off northern California in depths of 77– 190 m. The two species are also similar in having reduced cinctures with up to 13 spines on a side and a prominent ventral gap between the neuropodia. However, unlike C. diodonta, which has bidentate hooks along much of the body and in both noto- and neuropodia, C. lunula has only one or two bidentate hooks limited to the ventral-most position in the neuropodia. In addition, C. diodonta differs from C. lunula in having three peristomial rings instead of two and a large rounded pygidial disk instead of a short lobe bearing a terminal anal cirrus.</p><p>Biology. On Georges Bank, Chaetozone diodonta populations are mainly concentrated at four stations (Sta. 8, 16, 17, and 18) along the 140–150 m isobath. Station 8 is at the head of Lydonia Canyon. These four stations have sediments that consist of more than 95% gravel and sand-size particles with minimal silt and clay (Maciolek et al. 1985). Owing to the high percentage of coarse particles, the corresponding percent carbon is low (0.12% at Station 8 and &lt;0.05% at Stations 16, 17, and 18). Chaetozone diodonta, as Chaetozone sp. B, was the tenth most abundant benthic invertebrate species at Station 8, ninth at Station 16, and third at Station 18 (Maciolek et al. 1985). In the present study, the 883 specimens reported were distributed at Sta. 8 (225), Sta. 16 (315), Sta. 17 (75), and Sta. 18 (268). The holotype (USNM 1076549) is from Sta. 17 collected on 19 Nov 1982, at 40°35.0′N, 67°11.2′W, and 140 m (Doner &amp; Blake 2006). Paratypes reported in the 2006 paper were from Sta. 8 (3), 16 (8), and 17 (6). The four paratypes reported from Sta. 2 should be re-examined because the majority of specimens of the similar appearing Chaetozone donerae n. sp. were from that location at 60–70 m (see below).</p><p>Distribution. Off New England, 140– 152 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7125232165DDFB04FD1DFAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7159232765DDFADDFF08F880.text	054C717B7159232765DDFADDFF08F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone donerae Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone donerae new species</p><p>Figures 34–35</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 305F98A9-5EDF-43A5-9BE3-CF10D2A1CE7A</p><p>Chaetozone sp. A: Maciolek-Blake et al. 1985: B-5 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. (87 specimens) Off Massachusetts, Georges Bank, MMS Benthic Infauna Monitoring Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist: Sta. 2: Cruise M-2, Rep. 1, 14 Nov 1981, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.9′W, 70 m, holotype (USNM 1661219); Rep. 3, 14, 7 paratypes (USNM 1661220) ; Cruise M-3, Rep. 5, 18 Feb 1982, 40°59.2′N, 66°56.0′W, 73 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661221); Rep. 6 (2, USNM 1661222) ; Cruise M-4, Rep. 1, 12 May 1982, 40°59.1′N, 66°55.9′W, 66 m (2, USNM 1661223); Rep. 6 (2, USNM 1661224) ; Cruise M-5, Rep. 1, 22 Jul 1982, 40°59.0′N, 66°55.8′W, 66 m, SEM stub 1 (1, USNM 1661225), SEM stub 2 (1, USNM 1661226) (7, USNM 1661227); Cruise M-7, Rep. 1, 07 Feb 1983, 40°59.2′N, 66°55.9′W, 71 m (6, USNM 1661228); Rep. 3, 9 paratypes (USNM 1661229) ; Rep. 4, 1 paratype (USNM 1661230) ; Rep. 6 (2, USNM 1661231) ; Cruise M-8, Rep. 1, 15 May 1983, 40°59.3′N, 66°55.9′W, 73 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661232); Rep. 3 (3, USNM 1661233) ; Rep. 4 (11, USNM 1661234) ; Rep. 6 (6, USNM 1661235) ; Cruise M-9, Rep. 1, 14 Jul 1983, 41°13.0′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 16612236); Rep. 3, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661237) ; Cruise M-10, Rep. 1, 15 Nov 1983, 41°13.0′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1661238); Rep. 3 (1, USNM 1661239) . Cruise M-11, Rep. 4, 03 Feb 1984, 40°59.0′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m (3, USNM 1661240); Cruise M-12, Rep. 1 04 Jun 1984, 40°59.0′N, 66°55.8′W, 79 m (4, USNM 1661241) . Sta. 5-29: Cruise M1, Rep. 2, Jul 1981, 40°39.4′N, 67°46.9′W, 82 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661242); Rep. 3, 1 paratype (USNM 1661243) .— Massachusetts Bay, MWRA Harbor and Outfall Monitoring Program: 1995 August <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.814835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.381332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.814835/lat 42.381332)">Survey</a>, Sta. NF-17: Rep. 1, Aug 1995, 42°22.88′N, 70°48.89′W, 29 m (4, MCZ 161944) ; Rep. 2 (31, MCZ 161945) . 1997 August <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.814835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.570835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.814835/lat 42.570835)">Survey</a>, Sta. NF-17: Rep. 2, Aug 1997, 42°22.88′N, 70°48.89′W, 29 m (5, MCZ 161946. — Massachusetts, off Gloucester Harbor, coll. B.J. Dinkins, Sep 2009, 42°34.25′N, 70°70.65′W, 30.5 m, (3, MCZ 161947).</p><p>Description. A moderate sized species; holotype complete, 7.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide across anterior segments with ca. 98 setigers (USNM 16612220); some complete paratypes larger, up to 13 mm long and 0.8 mm wide across anterior setigers, with ca. 95–100 setigers (USNM 16612236). Body relatively thick, widest in anterior half then gradually tapering to posterior end. Segments narrow, crowded along entire body; anterior and middle setigers short, ca. nine times wider than long. A narrow groove present along dorsal midline through middle segments (Fig. 34A); shallow ventral groove present along most of body. Posterior setigers with reduced cinctures leaving dorsal gap between notopodia and wide ventral gap between neuropodia (Fig. 35E). Color in alcohol light tan.</p><p>Pre-setiger region relatively long, about as long as first eight setigers (Fig. 34A). Prostomium triangular, tapering to narrow apex (Figs. 34A, 35A–B); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits on posterior lateral margins. Peristomium with two rings, with lateral groove not crossing dorsum (Fig. 34A); first ring narrowest, sometimes more swollen than second, both with low dorsal crest extending partially over setiger 1 mid-dorsally (Fig. 34A); dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin (Figs. 34A, 35B). First branchiae on peristomium lateral to dorsal tentacles; second branchiae on setiger 1, dorsal to notosetae (Fig. 34A); subsequent branchiae in similar position. Branchiae long, numerous in anterior setigers, not as dense posteriorly (Fig. 35A–B), mostly absent in posterior setigers (Fig. 35A).</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments with parapodia formed into distinct lateral ridges from which setae arise; noto- and neuropodia close to one another. Setiger 1 and thoracic segments with 10–12 capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia; capillaries mostly of moderate size; long, natatory-like capillaries absent. Acicular spines first present in holotype from setiger 60–64 in notopodia and setiger 50–54 in neuropodia; spines 1–2 at first, increasing posteriorly into partial cinctures with 4–5 spines in notopodia and 5–6 in neuropodia or up to 9–11 spines on a side producing partial cinctures with wide dorsal and ventral gaps between notopodia dorsally and neuropodia ventrally (Fig. 35E). Spines distinctly curved, with basal manubrium, tapering to narrow tip (Fig. 35E–F); some spines with groove along one edge (Fig. 35G); spines alternating with capillaries up to three times longer than spines (Fig. 35E).</p><p>Body narrowing in last few segments; anus surrounded by 6–8 narrow lobes (Figs. 34B, 35D; pygidium terminating in semicircular disk bearing numerous glandular cells (Figs. 34B, 35D).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Body stains lightly with MG concentrated on laterally positioned parapodia, most strongly in posterior setigers where brightly stained parapodia contrast with lighter body.</p><p>Remarks. Locally, Chaetozone donerae n. sp. from Georges Bank is most similar to C. diodonta with which it may occur. The two species both exhibit reduced cinctures of acicular spines with distinct dorsal and ventral gaps, but differ in several respects. Chaetozone diodonta has three distinct peristomial rings instead of two, and has both bidentate and unidentate acicular spines in posterior neuropodia instead of only unidentate hooks. In addition, C. donerae n. sp. has fewer spines in posterior cinctures with 9–11 spines on a side producing a wider dorsal gap between the notopodia; C. diodonta has up to 13 spines on a side.</p><p>Globally, Chaetozone donerae n. sp. is most similar to Chaetozone christiei Chambers, 2000 from British waters off Northumberland on the North Sea and along the English Channel where the species occurs in intertidal and shallow subtidal depths. Both C. donerae n. sp. and C. christiei have reduced cinctures of acicular spines in posterior parapodia leaving wide dorsal and ventral gaps between spines on both sides of the body. Chaetozone christiei (ca. 12 mm long with 110 setigers) and C. donerae n. sp. (ca. 13 mm long with 98 setigers) are of a similar size and shape and both are reported to have a ventral groove along most of the body. Chaetozone donerae n. sp. has two peristomial rings with a dorsal crest, whereas C. christiei has three peristomial rings and no dorsal crest. The dorsal tentacles of both species arise from the posterior margin of the peristomium. The first branchiae arise lateral and slightly posterior to the dorsal tentacles on C. donerae n. sp., whereas the first pair of branchiae of C. christiei occur on setiger 1. Chaetozone donerae n. sp. has up to 4–5 spines in notopodia and 5–6 in neuropodia or 9–11 on side, whereas C. christiei is reported to have up to 4–5 spines in both noto- and neuropodia or 8–10 spines on a side. The MG staining pattern was not reported for C. christiei .</p><p>Biology. On Georges Bank, Chaetozone donerae n. sp. occurred at Stations 2 and 5 at depths of 65– 80 m. Both stations mainly consist of coarse to fine sands (96–99%) with only trace amounts of silt (1–4%) (Maciolek et al. 1985). In contrast, C. diodonta occurred along the deeper 140–150 m isobaths, also with a high sand content (~95%), but with the coarse sand (~45%) fractions being higher than at the shallower sites (~20%) where C. donerae n. sp. occurred.</p><p>Chaetozone donerae n. sp. (as C. sp. A), although consistently present, was not among abundant species at the sites on Georges Bank where it occurred. Station 2 was typically dominated by several syllid polychaetes and the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck, 1816) (Maciolek et al. 1985). The species was also collected at 30 m sites in Massachusetts Bay and off Gloucester Harbor.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Ms. Stacy A. Doner Tewari, my former graduate student and colleague, in recognition of her work on benthic ecology and expertise with the systematics of Cirratulidae and other polychaetes.</p><p>Distribution. Off New England, Georges Bank, 65–82 m; off Gloucester, Harbor, 30 m; Massachusetts Bay, 29 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7159232765DDFADDFF08F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B715D232565DDFF14FB66F963.text	054C717B715D232565DDFF14FB66F963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone hystricosa Doner & Blake 2006	<div><p>Chaetozone hystricosa Doner &amp; Blake, 2006</p><p>Figure 36</p><p>Chaetozone setosa Blake et al. 1998b: C-1 (in part). Not Malmgren, 1867.</p><p>Chaetozone hystricosus Doner &amp; Blake, 2006: 69–71, Fig. 3, 5A, F.</p><p>Chaetozone hystricosa: Blake &amp; Levesque 2017: 573 .</p><p>Material examined. (8 specimens) Northeastern United States, MWRA Harbor &amp; Outfall Monitoring Program: Boston Harbor, Sta. T-05A: Rep. 2, 05 Aug. 2009, 42°20.38’N, 70°57.64’W, 17.5 m (2, MCZ 161948) .— Massachusetts Bay, 1997 August <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.288334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.425/lat 42.288334)">Survey</a>, Sta. FF-04, Rep. 1, Aug 1997, 42°17.30′N, 70°25.50′W, 87 m (3, MCZ 1619490) ; Sta. FF-04: Rep. 2, 14 Aug. 2002, 42°17.30′N, 70°25.50′W, 90 m, 3 specimens on SEM stub (MCZ 161950) .</p><p>Description. A moderately sized species, adults with 70–80 setigers, 9–15 mm long and up to 0.45 mm wide. Body long, dorsum rounded, venter flattened with mid-ventral groove (Fig. 36A); body segments generally short and crowded anteriorly and less so in posterior cinctured setigers bearing numerous acicular spines. Color in alcohol light tan, lacking any distinctive body pigment.</p><p>Pre-setiger region long, narrow, smooth, about as long as first seven setigers (Fig. 36A). Prostomium elongate, pointed anteriorly (Fig. 36A–B); eyespots absent; ciliated oval nuchal organs present on posterior lateral border with peristomium just anterior to oral opening (Fig. 36B, inset). Peristomium smooth, lacking any grooves or annular rings, merging seamlessly with prostomium anteriorly and setiger 1 posteriorly (Fig. 36A–B); dorsal surface with elongate dorsal crest (Fig. 36B); dorsal tentacles arise anterior to setiger 1 with first pair of branchiae lateral and posterior to tentacles (Fig. 36A–B). Second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1; subsequent branchiae arise in similar position (Fig. 36A–B).</p><p>Anterior parapodia low rounded lobes from which setae emerge; noto- and neurosetae from setiger 1 all capillaries, 7–10 per fascicle in notopodia and 5–7 in neuropodia; capillaries of anterior setigers with fringe of fibrils along one edge (Fig. 36G). Long, thin natatory-like capillaries present along body, not associated with sexual maturity (Fig. 36C–E). Acicular spines from about setiger 40–45 in neuropodia and setiger 45–50 in notopodia. Posterior cinctured segments with deep intersegmental furrows separating highly elevated membranous podial lobes from which spines and capillaries emerge (Fig. 36D–F). In most posterior cinctured setigers, acicular spines 6–7 per fascicle in noto- and neuropodia with 12–14 spines on a side, with narrow dorsal and ventral gaps between fascicles (Fig. 36D–E); spines accompanied by alternating, long, thin capillaries (Fig. 36H); acicular spines curved, thickened, with blunt tips (Fig. 36H).</p><p>Pygidium a simple flattened lobe ventral to anal opening (Fig. 36D–E).</p><p>Methyl green staining. No pattern.</p><p>Remarks. Locally, Chaetozone hystricosa is readily recognized by the long, smooth pre-setiger region where there are no annular rings on the peristomium, which is merged almost seamlessly with both the prostomium and setiger 1. The long, narrow dorsal peristomial crest was not noted in the original description.</p><p>Globally, the only species of Chaetozone with a smooth, non-annulated pre-setiger region similar to that found in C. hystricosa, a continental shelf species, are two species from abyssal depths: Chaetozone reticulata Blake, 2018 from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica in 3111 m and Chaetozone truebloodi Blake, 2019 from the equatorial Pacific Ocean in 4880 m. Neither of the two deep-sea species, however, have a dorsal peristomial crest and the prostomium of both species is relatively short and rounded apically instead of being long, narrow, and acutely pointed. In addition, these two species have fewer posterior spines, up to 9 or 11 on a side, instead of 12–14 as in C. hystricosa .</p><p>Distribution. Northeastern United States, Boston Harbor to Massachusetts Bay, 15– 90 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B715D232565DDFF14FB66F963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B715D232865DDF977FDF4FC04.text	054C717B715D232865DDF977FDF4FC04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone lophia Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone lophia new species</p><p>Figures 37–38</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 32AC9EAE-E3F7-4CC5-84A4-48E556AC265A</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 10: Blake et al. 1987: 61, 68, C-2; Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part); Blake &amp; Grassle 1994: 850, 855; Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part).</p><p>Chaetozone cf. setosa: Blake et al. 1987: 61, 68, C-2; Blake &amp; Grassle 1994: 850, 855; Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part). Not Malmgren, 1867.</p><p>Material examined. (184 specimens) US <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.76617&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.76617/lat 34.266666)">South Atlantic</a> ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.76617&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.76617/lat 34.266666)">Program</a>, Off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist: Sta. 1: Cruise SA 1, Rep. 3, 11 Nov 1983, 34°16.00′N, 75°45.97′W, 580 m, holotype (USNM 1661375) , 1 paratype (USNM 1661376); Cruise SA 2, Rep. 1, 26 Mar 1984, 34°15.93′N, 75°46.16′W, 583 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661377); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.76683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.2635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.76683/lat 34.2635)">Rep.</a> 2, 26 Mar 1984, 34°15.81′N, 75°46.01′W, 583 m, 10 paratypes (USNM 1661378) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.2635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.763/lat 34.2635)">Rep.</a> 3, 27 Mar 1984, 34°15.81′N, 75°45.78′W, 593 m, 11 paratypes (USNM 1661379) ; Cruise SA 3, Rep. 1, 15 Jul 1984, 34°16.40′N, 75°45.80′W, 584 m, 4 paratypes (USNM 1661380); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.76&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.271667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.76/lat 34.271667)">Rep.</a> 2, 15 Jul 1984, 34°16.30′N, 75°45.60′W, 599 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661381) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.76&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.27667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.76/lat 34.27667)">Rep.</a> 3, 16 Jul 1984, 34°16.60′N, 75°45.60′W, 591 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661382) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.41617&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.082" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.41617/lat 33.082)">Off Cape Fear</a>, North Carolina. Sta. 11: Cruise SA 4, Rep. 2, 22 May 1985, 33°04.92′N, 76°24.97′W, 802 m, (1, USNM 1661383) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.081165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.419/lat 33.081165)">Rep.</a> 3, 22 May 1985, 33°04.87′N, 76°25.14′W, 799 m (2, USNM 1661384) ; Cruise SA 5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.41983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.0805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.41983/lat 33.0805)">Rep.</a> 1, 23 Sep 1985, 33°04.83′N, 76°25.19′W, 796 m (4, USNM 1661385) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.4195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.0805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.4195/lat 33.0805)">Rep.</a> 2, 23 Sep 1985, 33°04.83′N, 76°25.17′W, 796 m (3, USNM 1661386) ; Cruise SA 6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.41917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.0825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.41917/lat 33.0825)">Rep.</a> 1, 22 Nov 1985, 33°04.95′N, 76°25.15′W, 804 m, (4, USNM 1661387) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.4195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.082333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.4195/lat 33.082333)">Rep.</a> 2, 22 Nov 1985, 33°04.94′N, 76°25.17′W, 804 m (2 USNM 1661388) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.41766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.080666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.41766/lat 33.080666)">Rep.</a> 3, 22 Nov 1985, 33°04.84′N, 76°25.06′W, 807 m (2, USNM 1661389) .— Off Charleston, South Carolina. Sta. 14: Cruise SA 4, Rep. 1, 20 May 1985, 32°23.64, 76°01.13′W, 805 m (6, USNM 1661390) ; Rep. 2, 20 May 1985, 32°23.64, 76°01.19′W, 802 m (5, USNM 1661391) ; Cruise SA 5, Rep. 2, 20 Sep. 1985, 32°23.72, 76°01.24′W, 799 (6, USNM 1661392); Rep. 3, 20 Sep. 1985, 32°23.63, 76°01.11′W, 799 m (4, USNM 1661393) ; Cruise SA 6, Rep. 1, 18 Nov 1985, 32°23.73, 76°01.10′W, 799 m (6, USNM 1661394) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.024334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.339/lat 41.024334)">Off New</a> England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 3: Cruise NA 5, Rep. 1, 27 Apr 1986, 41°01.46′N, 66°20.34′W, 1335 m (1, USNM 1661395) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.023167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.336/lat 41.023167)">Sta.</a> 4: Cruise NA 1, Rep. 3, 09 Nov 1984, 41°01.39′N, 66°20.16′W, 1330 m (3, USNM 1661396) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.33867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.023666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.33867/lat 41.023666)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 2, 22 Nov 1985, 41°01.42′N, 66°20.32′W, 1334 m (23, USNM 1661397) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.67233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.67233/lat 40.459)">Sta.</a> 7: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.54′N, 67°40.34′W, 560 m (2, USNM 1661409) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.02983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.842335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.02983/lat 39.842335)">Sta.</a> 9: Cruise NA 5, Rep. 1, 03 May 1986, 39°50.54′N, 70°01.79′W, 1214 m (1, USNM 1661408) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91967/lat 39.905834)">Sta.</a> 12: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 15 Nov. 1984, 39°54.35′N, 70°55.18′W, 558 m (4, USNM 1661398) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.917336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.917336/lat 39.905167)">Cruise</a> NA-2, Rep. 1, 04 May 1985, 39°54.31′N, 70°55.04′W, 551 m (7, USNM 1661399) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91783/lat 39.904335)">Rep.</a> 2, 04 May 1985, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 555 m (7, USNM 1661400) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91866/lat 39.904667)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 1, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.28′N, 70°55.12′W, 560 m (8, USNM 1661401) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91866/lat 39.904667)">Rep.</a> 2, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.28′N, 70°55.12′W, 559 (5, USNM 1661402) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.905334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91866/lat 39.905334)">Rep.</a> 3, 30 Nov 1985, 39°54.32′N, 70°55.12′W, 544 (9, USNM 1661403) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.920334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.902832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.920334/lat 39.902832)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 1, 06 May 1986, 39°54.17′N, 70°55.22′W, 560 m (3, USNM 1661404) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.904167)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1986, 39°54.25′N, 70°55.09′W, 552 m (3, USNM 1661405) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91783/lat 39.904335)">Cruise</a>, NA-6, Rep. 2, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 559 m (7, USNM 1661406) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.91817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.91817/lat 39.904)">Rep.</a> 3, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.24′N, 70°55.09′W, 563 m (6, USNM 1661407) .</p><p>Description. Largest specimens generally range from 6–7 mm long with about 45–50 setigers. Holotype with 48 setigers, 7.0 mm long (Figs. 37A–B, 38E–F); large paratype (USNM 1661376) with 47 setigers, 6.7 mm long (Fig. 38A–B). Body elongate, generally cylindrical in cross section; anterior 12–15 setigers narrow, ca. 0.4 mm wide, then increasing in size with middle body segments often swollen and distended due to enlarged stomach area containing fine sediment particles (Fig. 38A), about 0.8 mm wide or wider; body then narrowing and tapering in posterior segments (Fig. 38D). Anterior and middle body segments short, about four times wider than long (Fig. 37A–B); posterior segments with deep cinctures and elevated membranes bearing armature of capillaries and acicular spines (Figs. 37D, 38D). Body terminates in narrow pygidium bearing rounded disk. Body with ventral ridge along most of length formed by medial bulge where segments meet mid-ventrally. Dorsal surface without ridges or grooves except in far posterior cinctured segments where notch sometimes present between the left and right notopodia (Fig. 37D). Color in alcohol light tan; larger specimens with black pigment spots on anterior and posterior lateral margins of first peristomial ring (Fig. 37C); these sometimes concentrated in discrete areas.</p><p>Pre-setiger region elongate, narrow, as long as first five setigers. Prostomium long, triangular, tapering to pointed tip (Figs. 37A–C, 38A, C, E–F); eyespots absent; nuchal organs rounded notches on posterior lateral margin (Fig. 37C). Peristomium long, divided into two distinct rings (Figs. 37A–C, 38C); first ring bulbous, with prominent dorsal crest extending onto second ring (Fig. 37A); second ring slightly narrower than first, not rounded, merging with setiger 1 (Fig. 37A–C); mouth a transverse opening on anterior border of first peristomial ring (Fig. 37B); dorsal tentacles arising from near posterior end of second ring (Fig. 37A, C); first pair of branchiae arising lateral and slightly posterior to dorsal tentacles (Fig. 37A, C). Second pair of branchiae arising dorsal and posterior to notosetae on setiger 1; subsequent branchiae in similar position (Fig. 37A); branchiae continuing to far posterior segments.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; posterior parapodia modified with deep intersegmental notches with parapodia becoming elevated and bearing thin membranes with acicular spines and capillaries (Fig. 37D, 38D, G). Anterior setae all long capillaries numbering about 12–15 per fascicle, including long natatory-like setae in notopodia of anterior and middle segments; these not associated with sexual maturity. Notopodial acicular spines from setigers 29–32 (holotype 30); neuropodial spines from setigers 25–27 (holotype 26). Spines numbering 1–3 initially, then increasing to 9–10 in notopodia and 7–8 in neuropodia; with 16–18 spines on a side (Fig. 38G). Spines alternating with capillaries only slightly longer and narrower than spines (Fig. 38G–I). Cinctures providing a prominent armature with narrow dorsal, lateral, and ventral gaps between noto- and neuropodial fascicles (Figs. 38D, 38G). Individual spines with basal manubrium at emergence from podial lobes; spines curving and tapering to narrow pointed tip (Fig. 38G–I).</p><p>Body terminating in short pygidium bearing a semicircular disk ventral to anal opening (Figs. 37D, 38B, D).</p><p>Methyl green staining. A distinct MG pattern produced on pre-setiger region and a few anterior setigers (Fig. 38F); most of body not retaining stain after differentiation. Prostomium stains from the tip to a curved clear area near the posterior margin; first peristomial ring stains entirely, separated from second ring by a curved clear area; second ring also staining. Anterior 2–3 setigers with notopodia retaining stain.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone lophia n. sp. is distinguished by having two peristomial rings, the first of which is enlarged and bulbous with a dorsal crest, the enlarged middle segments due to a stomach packed with sediment, and the distinctive MG staining pattern. In addition, most of the specimens have clusters of black pigment on the lateral sides of the first peristomial ring and sometimes on the venter posterior to the mouth.</p><p>Among species of Chaetozone with an enlarged and bulbous anterior ring on the peristomium, C. lophia n. sp. is similar morphologically in several respects to Chaetozone bathyala Blake, 2015 from the Canadian Arctic and Chaetozone grasslei Blake, 2019 from the abyssal Pacific Ocean. In C. bathyala, however, the second peristomial ring instead of being entire as in C. lophia n. sp., is distinctly divided into two parts, the second being a distinct achaetous segment anterior to setiger 1 that bears the first pair of branchiae. Chaetozone grasslei is a long slender threadlike species that lacks a dorsal crest and the enlarged middle segments and lacks the distinct MG staining pattern of C. lophia n. sp.</p><p>Biology. The collection included both juveniles and mature adults. One complete specimen (USNM 1661389) with 45 setigers has eggs protruding from six middle body segments (setigers 25–30). These eggs ranged from small, rounded oocytes of about 60 µm in diameter to larger, rounded eggs measuring up to 155 µm in longest diameter.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is from the Greek, lophia for crest; in reference to the prominent dorsal crest on the peristomium of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Upper to middle continental slope: southeastern US, off the Carolinas, 580–807 m; northeastern US, off New England, 551–1335 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B715D232865DDF977FDF4FC04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
054C717B7150232C65DDFB99FD5EF99C.text	054C717B7150232C65DDFB99FD5EF99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetozone profunda Blake 2022	<div><p>Chaetozone profunda new species</p><p>Figures 39–40</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E8883B45-41EC-4A53-A09B-00760D02C47C</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 9: Blake et al. 1987: C-2; Hilbig 1994: 940.</p><p>Chaetozone sp. 10: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2; 1987b: D-2 (in part).</p><p>Chaetozone setosa: Maciolek et al. 1987a: D-2; 1987b: D-2 (in part). Not Malmgren, 1867.</p><p>Material examined. (198 specimens) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.172832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62383/lat 40.172832)">Off New</a> England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 8: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°10.37′N, 67°37.43′W, 2175 m, holotype (USNM 1661492) and 3 paratypes (USNM 1661493); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.623&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.623/lat 40.172)">Rep.</a> 3, 10 Nov 1984, 40°10.32′N, 67°37.38′W, 2180 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661494) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.62067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.62067/lat 40.170166)">Cruise</a> NA-4, Rep. 1, 25 Nov 1985, 40°10.21′N, 67°37.24′W, 2184 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661495) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.6235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.170834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.6235/lat 40.170834)">Cruise</a> NA-5, Rep. 3, 25 Nov 1985, 40°10.25′N, 67°37.41′W, 2182 m (2, USNM 1661496) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.023167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.336/lat 41.023167)">Sta.</a> 2: Cruise NA-6, Rep. 1, 24 Jul 1986, 40°57.27′N, 66°13.78′W, 2095 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661497. Sta. 3: NA-1, Rep. 1, 09 Nov 1984, 41°01.39′N, 66°20.16′W, 1350 m (1, USNM 1661498); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.337&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.0235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.337/lat 41.0235)">Rep.</a> 3, 09 Nov 1984, 41°01.41′N, 66°20.22′W, 1338 m (1, USNM 1661499) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.49934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.088165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.49934/lat 40.088165)">Sta.</a> 5: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 3, 05 Nov 1984, 40°05.29′N, 67°29.96′W, 2045 m, 3 paratypes (USNM 1661500) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.4975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.084667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.4975/lat 40.084667)">Cruise</a> NA-3, Rep. 2, 04 Jul 1985, 40°05.08′N, 67°29.85′W, 2060 m, 2 paratypes (USNM 1661501) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.02983&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.842335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.02983/lat 39.842335)">Sta.</a> 9: Cruise NA-5, Rep. 1, 03 May 1986, 39°50.54′N, 70°01.79′W, 1214 m (1, USNM 1661502) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.904335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.904335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.904335/lat 39.904335)">Sta.</a> 15: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 2, 09 Dec 1984, 39°54.26′N, 70°54.26′W, 2154 m, 1 paratype (USNM 1661503) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88433/lat 38.602)">Off</a> Delaware and New Jersey, U.S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88433/lat 38.602)">Mid-Atlantic</a> ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88433/lat 38.602)">Program</a>, coll. R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. 1: Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 1, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36.12′N, 72°53.06′W, 2209 m (1, USNM 1661504) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88267&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6035" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88267/lat 38.6035)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36.21′N, 72°52.96′W, 2179 m (1, USNM 1661505) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8855/lat 38.598)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 3, 17 May 1985, 38°35.88′N, 72°53.13′W, 2195 m (2, USNM 1661506) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.5985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.885/lat 38.5985)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.91′N, 72°53.10′W, 2185 m (3, USNM 1661507) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.88517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.598335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.88517/lat 38.598335)">Rep.</a> 3, 05 Aug 1985, 38°35.90′N, 72°53.11′W, 2185 m (5, USNM 1661508) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89484/lat 38.595165)">Sta.</a> 2: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 01 Apr 1984, 38°35.71′N, 72°53.69′W, 2018 m (2, USNM 1661509) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8935/lat 38.595165)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Apr 1984, 38°35.71′N, 72°53.61′W, 2033 m (2, USNM 1661510) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.896835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.596" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.896835/lat 38.596)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 3, 03 Aug 1984, 38°35.76′N, 72°53.81′W, 2004 m (3, USNM 1661511) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.595833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8945/lat 38.595833)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.75′N, 72°53.67′W, 2010 m (1, USNM 1661512) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89484/lat 38.594666)">Rep.</a> 3, 02 Dec 1984, 38°35.68′N, 72°53.69′W, 2015 m (1, USNM 16615013) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.895164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.594334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.895164/lat 38.594334)">Cruise Mid</a> 6, Rep. 1, 13 Nov 1985, 38°35.66′N, 72°53.71′W, 2064 m (2, USNM 1661514) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.614666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85567/lat 38.614666)">Sta.</a> 3: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 05 May 1984, 38°36.88′N, 72°51.34′W, 2055 m (1, USNM 1661515) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8575/lat 38.6145)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 2, 03 Aug 1984, 38°36.87′N, 72°51.45′W, 2049 m (2, USNM 1661516) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.615166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85917/lat 38.615166)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 03 Dec 1984, 38°36.91′N, 72°51.55′W, 2050 m (2, USNM 1661517) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.86017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.86017/lat 38.6125)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 2, 12 Nov 1985, 38°36.75′N, 72°51.61′W, 2064 m (1, USNM 1661518) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.687164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.687164/lat 38.74217)">Sta.</a> 4: Rep. 2, 01 Aug 1984, 38°44.53′N, 72°41.23′W, 2106 m (1, USNM 1661519) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.68467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.74" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.68467/lat 38.74)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 3, 05 Dec 1984, 38°44.40′N, 72°41.08′W, 2105 m (1, USNM 1661520) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.740665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.687/lat 38.740665)">Cruise</a> Mid-5: Cruise Rep. 2, 03 Aug 1985, 38°44.44′N, 72°41.22′W, 2095 m (2, USNM 1661521) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55167/lat 38.842167)">Sta.</a> 5: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 2, 04 May 1984, 38°50.53′N, 72°33.10′W, 2065 m (1, USNM 1661522) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55233/lat 38.841)">Rep.</a> 3, 08 May 1984, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.14′W, 2080 m (1, USNM 16615023) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.5505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.5505/lat 38.840332)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.42′N, 72°33.03′W, 2089 m (1, USNM 1661524) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.54933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.54933/lat 38.842)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Aug 1984, 38°50.52′N, 72°32.96′W, 2074 m (2, USNM 16615025) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.552/lat 38.84)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2; 05 Dec 1984, 38°50.40′N, 72°33.12′W, 2090 m (1, USNM 1661526) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.552/lat 38.84)">Rep.</a> 3; 05 Dec 1984, 38°50.40′N, 72°33.12′W, 2090 m (1, USNM 01661527) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.55383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.55383/lat 38.841)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 1, 16 May 1985, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.23′W, 2080 m (3, USNM 1661528) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.05417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.05417/lat 39.094334)">Rep.</a> 2, 16 May 1985, 39°05.66′N, 72°03.25′W, 2045 m (1, USNM 16615029) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.5535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.841" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.5535/lat 38.841)">Rep.</a> 3, 16 May 1985, 38°50.46′N, 72°33.21′W, 2075 m (5, USNM 01661530) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.553/lat 38.840668)">Cruise</a> Mid-5, Rep. 1, 03 Aug 1985, 38°50.44′N, 72°33.18′W, 2077 m (1, USNM 1661531) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.840668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.553/lat 38.840668)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 Aug 1985, 38°50.44′N, 72°33.18′W, 2077 m (1, USNM 1661532) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04967/lat 39.0935)">Sta.</a> 6: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 03 May 1984, 39°05.61′N, 72°02.98′W, 2090 m (2, USNM 1661533) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.05/lat 39.093834)">Rep.</a> 2, 03 May 1984, 39°05.63′N, 72°03.00′W, 2088 m (3, USNM 1661534) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.05/lat 39.093166)">Rep.</a> 3, 03 May, 1984, 39°05.59′N, 72°03.00′W, 2090 m (1, USNM 1661535) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.0495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.0495/lat 39.094166)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 1, 01 Aug 1988, 39°05.65′N, 72°02.97′W, 2084 m (1, USNM 1661536) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.049835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.049835/lat 39.094666)">Rep.</a> 2, 01 Aug 1984, 39°05.68′N, 72°02.99′W, 2084 m (2, USNM 1661537) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.093" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04684/lat 39.093)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 28 Nov 1984, 39°05.58′N, 72°02.81′W, 2090 m (2, USNM 1661538) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.053665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.094166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.053665/lat 39.094166)">Cruise Mid</a> 4, Rep. 3, 15 May 1985, 39°05.65′N, 72°03.22′W, 2085 m (2, USNM 1661539) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.056/lat 39.0945)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1985, 39°05.67′N, 72°03.36′W, 2089 m (2, USNM 1661540) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0575/lat 38.455334)">Sta.</a> 7: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 03 May 1984, 38°27.32′N, 73°03.45′W, 2110 m (2, USNM 1661541) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05717/lat 38.455)">Rep.</a> 2, 06 May 1984, 38°27.30′N, 73°03.43′W, 2100 m (1, USNM 1661542) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.057335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.057335/lat 38.455166)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 02 Dec 1984, 38°27.31′N, 73°03.44′W, 2110 m (1, USNM 1661543) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.057335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.057335/lat 38.454166)">Rep.</a> 3, 02 Aug 1984, 38°27.25′N, 73°03.44′W, 2100 m (3, USNM 1661544) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.059166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.059166/lat 38.454334)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 1, 18 May 1985, 38°27.26′N, 73°03.55′W, 2100 m (7, USNM 1661545) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4545" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05867/lat 38.4545)">Rep.</a> 2, 18 May 1986, 38°27.27′N, 73°03.52′W, 2105 m (3, USNM 1661546) , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.05967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.454834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.05967/lat 38.454834)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 1, 14 Nov 1984, 38°27.29′N, 73°03.58′W, 2096 m (3, USNM 1661547) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08483/lat 38.456)">Sta.</a> 8: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°05.09′W, 2148 m (2, USNM 1661548) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08134/lat 38.456)">Rep.</a> 2, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°04.88′W, 2150 m (4, USNM 1661549) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.456" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08017/lat 38.456)">Rep.</a> 3, 06 May 1984, 38°27.36′N, 73°04.81′W, 2150 m (1, USNM 1661550) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.08117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.452168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.08117/lat 38.452168)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 01 Dec 1984, 38°27.13′N, 73°04.87′W, 2150 m (1, USNM 1661551) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.079834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.455" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.079834/lat 38.455)">Rep.</a> 3, 01 Dec 1984, 38°27.30′N, 73°04.79′W, 2155 m (2, USNM 1661552) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24333/lat 38.287167)">Sta.</a> 9: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 3, 06 May 1984, 38°17.23′N, 73°14.60W, 2108 m (1, USNM 1661553) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.2415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.2415/lat 38.287666)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 2, 06 Aug 1984, 38°17.26′N, 73°14.49′W, 2114 m (1, USNM 1661554) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.23967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.286667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.23967/lat 38.286667)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 1, 30 Nov 1984, 38°17.20′N, 73°14.38′W, 2110 m (1, USNM 1661555) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.241165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.286667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.241165/lat 38.286667)">Rep.</a> 3, 30 Nov 1984, 38°17.20′N, 73°14.47′W, 2105 m (8, USNM 1661556) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.287334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24367/lat 38.287334)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 3, 18 May 1985, 38°17.24′N, 73°14.62′W, 2100 m (3, USNM 166157) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.24416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.24416/lat 38.288)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 2, 17 Nov 1985, 38°17.28′N, 73°14.65′W, 2104 m (6, USNM 1661558) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.33234&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.863834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.33234/lat 37.863834)">Sta.</a> 10: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 3, 07 May 1984, 37°51.83′N, 73°19.94′W, 2095 m (1, USNM 1661559) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.33083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.863335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.33083/lat 37.863335)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 3, 30 Nov 1984, 37°51.80′N, 73°19.85′W, 2100 m (5, USNM 1661560) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.3335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.862667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.3335/lat 37.862667)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 1, 19 May 1985, 37°51.76′N, 72°20.01′W, 2095 m (5, USNM 1661561) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.862167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3335/lat 37.862167)">Rep.</a> 3, 19 May 1985, 37°51.73′N, 73°20.01′W, 2095 m (2, USNM 1661562) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.93733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.670834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.93733/lat 38.670834)">Sta.</a> 11: Cruise Mid-2, Rep. 3, 05 Aug 1984, 38°40.25′N, 72°56.24′W, 1504 m (1, USNM 1661563) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.94017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.667667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.94017/lat 38.667667)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 3, 13 Nov 1985, 38°40.06′N, 72°56.41′W, 1519 m (3, USNM 1661564) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.703835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.703835/lat 38.489)">Sta.</a> 12: Cruise Mid-1, Rep. 1, 07 May 1984, 38°29.34′N, 72°42.23′W, 2501 m (3, USNM 1661565) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.70316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.488834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.70316/lat 38.488834)">Rep.</a> 2, 07 May 1984, 38°29.33′N, 72°42.19′W, 2500 m (3, USNM 1661566) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.704&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.488834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.704/lat 38.488834)">Rep.</a> 3, 08 May 1984, 38°29.33′N, 72°42.24′W, 2500 m (1, USNM 16615676) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.700165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.489834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.700165/lat 38.489834)">Cruise</a> Mid-2, Rep. 2, 05 Aug 1984, 38°29.39′N, 72°42.01′W, 2504 m (1, USNM 1661568) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.70216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.70216/lat 38.487)">Cruise</a> Mid-3, Rep. 2, 03 Dec 1984, 38°29.22′N, 72°42.13′W, 2505 m (1, USNM 1661569) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.702835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.702835/lat 38.487)">Cruise</a> Mid-4, Rep. 2, 18 May 1985, 38°29.22′N, 72°42.17′W, 2505 m (5, USNM 1661570) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.704834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.486668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.704834/lat 38.486668)">Cruise</a> Mid-6, Rep. 2, 14 Nov 1985, 38°29.20′N, 72°42.29′W, 2504 m (1, USNM 1661571) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.27316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.851665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.27316/lat 38.851665)">Off</a> New Jersey, U.S. EPA DWD-106 Site Survey, R. Petrecca, Chief Scientist. Sta. F: Rep. 1, 18 Nov 1985, 38°51.10′N, 72°16.39′W, 2500 m (2, MCZ 161956) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.272/lat 38.852)">Rep.</a> 2, 18 Nov 1985, 38°51.12′N, 72°16.32′W, 2500 m (7, MCZ 161957) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.27316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.851833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.27316/lat 38.851833)">Rep.</a> 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°51.11′N, 72°16.39′W, 2500 m (1, MCZ 161958) . Sta. G: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.04217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.927666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.04217/lat 38.927666)">Rep.</a> 1, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.66′N, 72°02.53′W, 2505 m (5, MCZ 161959) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.042336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.927166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.042336/lat 38.927166)">Rep.</a> 2, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.63′N, 72°02.54′W, 2509 m (2, MCZ 161960) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.042336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.926666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.042336/lat 38.926666)">Rep.</a> 3, 18 Nov 1985, 38°55.60′N, 72°02.54′W, 2505 m (7, MCZ 161961) .— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.93667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.97167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.93667/lat 33.97167)">Off</a> the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.93667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.97167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.93667/lat 33.97167)">Cape Lookout</a>, North Carolina, US <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.93667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.97167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.93667/lat 33.97167)">South Atlantic</a> ACSAR <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.93667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.97167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.93667/lat 33.97167)">Program</a>, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 7: Cruise SA-2, Rep. 1, 21 May 1984, 33°58.30′N, 74°56.20′W, 3494 m (1, USNM 1661572) .</p><p>Description. An elongate narrow species with middle segments often expanded due to enlarged stomach area. Holotype complete with 55 setigers, 7.7 mm long and ca. 0.4 mm wide across anterior setigers (Fig. 40A); some paratypes larger, with ca. 60 setigers, up to 8.2 mm long. Body generally cylindrical in cross section but dorsal and ventral surfaces generally only weakly elevated; dorsal and ventral grooves absent. Body gradually narrowing posteriorly towards pygidium (Fig. 40A, D). Anterior and middle segments short, crowded, about five times wider than long (Fig. 39A–B); these transitioning to spine-bearing segments about as wide as long, becoming moniliform with deep cinctures, each about 1.5 times as wide as long (Fig. 40D). Some specimens with several expanded segments together forming a bulge in mid-body segments (Fig. 40A). This “stomach” usually filled with ingested sediment and prominent in a few specimens, not apparent in others. Color in alcohol light tan with no distinctive pigmentation.</p><p>Pre-setiger region about as long as first seven setigers, tapering anteriorly (Figs. 39A–B, 40B, E). Prostomium triangular, elongate, tapering to narrow tip (Fig. 39A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow curved grooves on posterior lateral margin (Figs. 39B). Peristomium with two separate rings separated by groove, best developed dorsally (Figs. 39A–B, 40C); anterior ring smooth; second ring with dorsal tentacles near anterior border followed by first pair of branchiae posterior to tentacles (Figs. 39A–B, 40C). First setiger merged entirely with peristomium along anterior margin, bearing second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae (Fig. 39A–B); subsequent branchiae in similar location dorsal to notosetae. Branchiae thin, elongate, continuing along body to posterior setigers.</p><p>Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; posterior parapodia becoming moniliform, modified with deep intersegmental notches producing cinctured segments with parapodia becoming elevated and bearing thin membranes from which setae arise (Fig. 40D, F). Anterior setae all long capillaries numbering about 10–12 per fascicle, including long natatory-like setae in some notopodia of anterior and middle segments (Fig. 40A); these not associated with sexual maturity. Notopodial acicular spines from setigers 29–32 (holotype 29); neuropodial spines from setigers 25–27 (holotype 26). Spines numbering 1–3 initially, then increasing to 9–11 in notopodia and 14–15 in neuropodia; with full cinctures having up to 23–26 spines on a side (Fig. 40F). Spines alternating with thin, sharply pointed spinous capillaries slightly longer than spines (Fig. 40F–G). Cinctures with narrow dorsal, lateral, and ventral gaps between noto- and neuropodial fascicles providing a prominent armature encircling posterior segments (Fig. 40F). Individual spines with basal manubrium at emergence from podial lobes; spines only weakly curved, tapering to narrow pointed tip; blade appearing fusiform in some views (Fig. 40G–I).</p><p>Body terminating in short narrow pygidium bearing an elongate semicircular disk (Fig. 40D).</p><p>Methyl green staining. Posterior part of prostomium retaining MG stain, otherwise no pattern.</p><p>Remarks. Chaetozone profunda n. sp. is the third species of the genus reported to have the peristomium divided into two rings, with the large posterior ring including an achaetous segment that merges seamlessly with setiger 1; the dorsal tentacles arise from the anterior half of the second ring instead of near the posterior margin as in most Chaetozone species; first branchiae are located immediately posterior to the dorsal tentacles and the second pair arise on the merged setiger 1 in a line from the dorsal tentacles and first branchiae. The two previously described species having these characteristics, both from the Antarctic seas, are C. australosetosa Blake 2018 and C. biannulata Blake, 2018 . Chaetozone profunda n. sp. most closely resembles C. biannulata in having a long narrow pre-setiger region with a pointed prostomium. In addition, both species are of a similar size and have 55–60 setigers. Chaetozone profunda n. sp. differs from C. biannulata in having the first peristomial ring distinctly separated from the prostomium instead of merged or only weakly separated and lacking instead of having a peristomial dorsal crest. In C. profunda n. sp. the neuropodial acicular spines are first present from setigers 25–27, whereas in C. biannulata, the neuropodial spines are first present from setigers 37–38. The number of spines in posterior cinctures are similar, with C. profunda n. sp. having 20–24 spines on side and C. biannulata having 23–26.</p><p>Locally, Chaetozone profunda n. sp. can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the long, narrow presetiger region terminating in a narrow pointed prostomium, dorsal tentacles arising from the second peristomial ring well anterior to setiger 1, and with full cinctures of acicular spines and moniliform cinctured segments appearing in the second half of the body. A few specimens were observed with an expanded “stomach” filled with fine sediment particles in a few segments in middle body segments, but most specimens lacked this feature.</p><p>Biology. A deep-water species, Chaetozone profunda n. sp. occurs in sediments having relatively high silt + clay inventories. However, North Atlantic Station 8, where the holotype and several paratypes were collected, is at the base of Lydonia Canyon where the sediments consisted of approximately 50% fine sands in addition to silt and clay (Maciolek et. al. 1987b). In contrast, the Mid-Atlantic stations had lower sand inventories (ca. 15%) and higher percentages of silt + clay.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin, profundus for deep or vast, referring to the deep-sea habitat of this species.</p><p>Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope: Northeastern slope, 1338–2184 m; Mid-Atlantic slope, 1519– 2509 m; U.S. South Atlantic slope, 3494 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/054C717B7150232C65DDFB99FD5EF99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Blake, James A.	Blake, James A. (2022): New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 5113 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/eb01c862-025e-493f-8ca9-934b4f1626af
