taxonID	type	description	language	source
056987EDFFC5FF980FD3FCA55D5B03C3.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Modiola cinnamomea Lamarck, 1819, subsequent designation by Dall (1898: 792). Wilson & Tait (1984: 113), although referring to Dall (1898), incorrectly noted Mytilus fuscus Gmelin, 1791 as type species (see Discussion).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC5FF980FD3FCA55D5B03C3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell somewhat ovate to kidney-shaped, smooth; umbones terminal, prominent, somewhat coiled; siphons separate. The anterior retractor is fastened on the anterior thickened margin of the shell just below the umbones. The posterior adductor is small and the posterior retractor leaves a small scar above the adductor (Soot-Ryen 1955: text-fig. 70).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC5FF980FD3FCA55D5B03C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Mörch (1853: 55) assigned to Lithophaga (Botula) three species: (1) Tamarindiformes arenaria Meuschen, 1787, with Modiola vagina Lamarck, 1819 and M. castaneus Gray (Rumphius 1705: pl. 46 fig. E) listed as synonyms, locality India Orientalis; (2) indet sp., no locality, and (3) L. (B.) fusca (Gmelin, 1791) referring to Lister’s pl. 359 fig. 197, with Mytilus brunneus Solander, 1786 and Modiola cinnamomea var. Lamarck, 1819 and M. favannii Potiez & Michaud, 1844 listed as synonyms, locality Insulae Antillarum. Based on the subsequent type species designation (Dall 1898: 792), only cinnamomea and fusca are members of Botula. The question remains, whether they are separate species or conspecific (see species problem). Soot-Ryen (1969) considered Botula to belong to Modiolinae, although the genus does not fit to the general characters he lists for the subfamily: modioliform, beaks slightly behind anterior end, hinge margin smooth or finely striated vertically, shell surface usually lacking radial sculpture, periostracum commonly hairy, free-living, often nestling. Compared with Adula and Lithophaga, the proportions of the valves are relatively shorter and higher, the umbones inflated, the convex anterior and posterior dorsal margins thickened and crenulate in Botula (Turner & Boss 1962), but there are definitely no crenulations in Botula. The only ornament of the shells, if present, results from growth lines or steps (Fig. 1).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC5FF980FD3FF085B0D07F8.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. L. mytuloides Röding, 1798, by monotypy, referring to Gmelin’s (1791: 3351) species 6, Mytilus lithophagus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC5FF980FD3FF085B0D07F8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell cylindrical, posteriorly more compressed, with vertical striae antero-ventrally and lacking any self-deposited calcareous incrustation (subgenus Lithophaga) or shell smooth and (partly) covered with own incrustations, particularly on the posterior half (subgenus Leiosolenus Carpenter, 1857). Umbones subterminal, ligament deep-set, along a toothless hinge.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC5FF980FD3FF085B0D07F8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Anal and branchial siphons fused as in Adula, but the branchial part lacks papillae on its edge in Lithophaga. In L. lithophaga, there is a tonguelike structure, the valvular membrane, with minute papillae at the base of the branchial sipho (List 1902: pl. 7, fig. 6). Some examples of valvular siphonal membranes with central lappet and lateral digits in three L. (Leiosolenus) species are figured in Wilson (1985: figs. 5 and 7 a, c), those of B. fusca by Wilson & Tait (1984: figs. 4, 5 A, B). All seem to be quite variable and, therefore, of no help for species determination.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF9F0FD3FEF858D30688.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Mytilus soleniformis Orbigny, 1846, by monotypy.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF9F0FD3FEF858D30688.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell elongate, sub-cylindrical, umbones distinctly off anterior end, a diagonal line or shallow keel separating antero-ventral from postero-dorsal “ triangle ” of shell surface. Ventral margin usually concave, dorsal margin convex. Anterior byssal retractors fastened before the umbones. Siphonal prolongations of the posterior part of the mantle are similar like those found in Lithophaga, but with papillae on the rim of the branchial part (Soot-Ryen 1955: text-figs. 74 – 76).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF9F0FD3FEF858D30688.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Anal and branchial part of siphons fused as in Lithophaga, while separated in Botula. The elongate form is similar to Lithophaga spp., which never develop a keel-like structure as in Adula. A concave ventral margin may occur only in L. aristata (Dillwyn, 1817) and Botula. Adula may be distinguished from Lithophaga by the umbones being distinctly off the anterior end, its lesser height in proportion to its length, and the somewhat inclined posterior half of the shell, the cross-section there being less oval but more diamond-shaped (Fig. 1).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: green marls, Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Gabb (1862) stated that L. affinis is but a somewhat curved tube with unknown shell, shorter, more robust and more distinctly marked by the form of the shell than that of his previous species, L. ripleyanus Gabb, 1862: 326. The ‘ holotype’ of affinis, ANSP 18802, is not a tube, but an interior cast of a probable Botula (Whitfield 1886, Kleemann 1983), 15.7 - 9.4 - <10 mm (Pl. 1, Fig. 7 a, b). Whitfield (1886) described and discussed both of Gabb’s 1862 species, considering L. ripleyanus sensu Gabb, 1876, as synonymous with L. affinis Gabb, ‘ 1861: 124 ’ (see above). On the other hand, Whitfield (1886) regarded L. affinis sensu Gabb, 1876, as synonymous with L. ripleyanus Gabb, ‘ 1861: 124 ’, although Gabb (1876: 311) had listed affinis and Arcoperna carolinensis Conrad, 1875 as synonyms of ripleyana. The latter has priority (Gabb 1862: 326 versus 327). Botula (?) archiaci (Deshayes, 1842)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Modiola archiaci Leymerie, 1841: (342), Maroles; (nomen nudum) Modiola archiaci Deshayes (in Leymerie), 1842: 8, (25), pl. 10, fig. 2 a – c, type:?, type locality: Marolles, France, age: Neocomian; Kleemann 1983: (2, 28, 30),? genus Modiola archiacii (sic) Leymerie, 1842 - Orbigny 1845: (291), = Lithodomus archiacii Orbigny	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithodomus archiaci, - Pictet & Campiche 1864 – 67: (514), 517 – 518, (523, 524, 549), pl. 134, fig. 8 a – c; Stoliczka 1871: (375) Mytilus (Modiola) archiaci Leymerie - Pictet & Campiche 1864 – 67: (514) Mytili (Lithodomi) archiaci, - Mayer-Eymar 1891: (174) Lithodomus (Botula) archiaci Deshayes – Gillet 1924: 26 L. (Botula) archiaci Orbigny - Gillet 1924: (tableau 4) Geographic distribution: Marolles, Bettancourt-la-Ferrée (Haut-Marne), St-Sauveur, Moneteau, Tronchoy, Ligny, Wassy Geologic distribution: Hauterivian (?), Neocomian, Upper Barremian, (Early Cretaceous)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In my view, the figures of Modiola archiaci Deshayes, 1842, resemble somehow Gregariella because of a sulcus, drawn in figure 2 a, while those of Lithodomus archiacii Orbigny, 1845, resemble Botula in general outline (Text-fig. 1). As no types are known, in my view only Orbigny’s species may be a member of Botula. Gillet (1924: 26) noted L. (Botula) archiaci (Deshayes, 1842) from the Barremian, while on table 4 he listed L. (Botula) archiaci Orbigny (sic!) from the Hauterivian (most likely in error). Botula arcuata ‘ Lamarck’ of authors (= cinnamomea var., see below)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Mahé, Seychelles	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lamy (1937: 182 – 183) described how the word “ arquée ”, used for variety b of M. cinnamomea Lamarck, led to the use of M. arcuata by Dufo (1840) and Martens (1880) for Recent material. In a footnote, Lamy (1937: 183) noted that the name for the fossil species from Grignon was transferred by Deshayes to the genus Hindsia Deshayes (1858, non H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853, fide Lamy 1937). Clapp & Kenk (1963: 330) considered Dufo’s (1840) M. arcuata (non Lamarck) from coral rock from the Seychelles as possibly L. cinnamomea (Lamarck). Botula (?) arenaria (Meuschen) - Mörch, 1853	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Botula arenaria Meuschen - Wilson & Tait 1984: (113) Botula arenarius Meuschen - Paetel 1890: (199) Geographic distribution: India Orientalis, Indo-Pacific Remarks. Wilson & Tait (1984) noted that “ arenaria, a large, thin-shelled, siphonate mytilid which burrows in soft substrates of the central Indo-Pacific, is not congeneric with fusca (as Mörch 1853 suggested, see below), although its correct generic affinity is yet to be determined ”. Meuschen (1787) was rejected for nomenclatural purposes because the work was not properly published and the author did not apply the principles of binominal nomenclature (ICZN 1987: 319). Botula argentina (Deshayes, 1824)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Botula argentina, - Kleemann 1990: (118) Geographic distribution: Valmondois, Saucats, Auvers, le Fayel, Dax, le Guépelle, Seine-et-Oise, France Geoglogic distribution: Bartonian, Eocene, Paleogene (grès marin inférieur et supérieur, Falunien, Sables moyens, Auversien, Parisien)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Types are not known. The figured specimens in Deshayes (1824) and Cossmann & Pissarro (1906: pl. 38, fig. 116 - 3) all are members of Botula.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophaga brabantica Vincent - Glibert 1936: (42), (text-) fig. 23 (two views of paralectotype, right valve x 6) Geographic distribution: Neder-over-Heembeek, Belgium Geologic distribution: Upper Eocene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The figures, both in Vincent (1930) and Glibert (1936) from the lecto- and paratype respectively, look like oddly elongated, stretched Botula specimens.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Paleogene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type of Lithodomus brevis Tate, 1887, was not found at the South Australian Museum and may be considered lost (R. Hamilton-Bruce, pers. comm.). Here, L. brevis is considered a Botula with very high probability due to its description, reported dimensions, and boring habit. Further, both L. cuneiformis Tate, 1892, (Pl. 1, Fig. 4) and L. projectans Tate, 1892 (Pl. 1, Fig. 5 a, b) are Botula species and Tate (1892) referred to bevis as having a near alliance to projectans (see below).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Snow Hill calcareous member of Black Creek Formation (Campanian, North Carolina), lower part of Ripley Formation (Georgia), both, upper part of Exogyra ponderosa zone, and Corsicana marl (Texas), Lewisville member of Woodbine Formation, all Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Conrad’s originally figured specimen can be regarded as lost (Stephenson 1923, 1941, 1952). The figure of it, about 11.5 mm long and 6 mm high, probably depicts a Botula (Kleemann 1983: 5). Scott (1970) also noted “ disposition of original specimens unknown ”. Further, he regarded the syntype KU 500069 of Lithophagus interrogatum Twenhofel, 1924 (p. 74, pl. 7, fig. 15), as synonymous with B. carolinensis, although no shells but only tubes, diameters 1 – 5 mm, were found in Gryphaea corrugata (in Gryphaea horizons of the Kiowa shales, Kansas, Zone 14, Champion Draw). Stephenson (1923) figured three specimens, USNM 31713 - 31715, found in borings in the thick shells of Cyprimeria gabbi Stephenson, 1923. USNM 31713, measuring ~ 8 - 4 - 4 mm (figs. 5, 6) and USNM 31714 (figs. 7, 8) likely members of Botula. USNM 31715 (fig. 9), resembles Botula, but its posterior is less high than its anterior part (Pl. 2, Fig. 4), thus it remains questionable in its correct generic affinity. Stephenson (1941) figured USNM 76498, a Botula measuring 12.6 - 6 - 6 mm, which was boring in the shell of Exogyra costata Say, 1820. Stephenson (1952) added USNM 105287 a (fig. 18), a left valve of 7 mm length, as B. carolinensis?	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophagus? cinnamomea, - Carpenter 1857: (234) Lithophagus cinnamomeus, - Carpenter 1857: (174); Carpenter 1864: (586); Soot-Ryen 1955: (19, 86), = B. fusca	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophaga cinnamomea var. Lamarck - MacAndrew 1870: (448)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithodomus cinnamomina (sic) Lamarck - Shopland 1902: (178) Lithodomus (Botula) cinnamomea (Lamarck) - Jukes-Browne 1905: (221)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Modiolus (Botula) cinnamomea Lamarck - Mayzyck 1913: 22	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophagus cinnamominus Chemnitz - Faustino 1928: (41) Lithodomus (Botula) cinnamominus Chemnitz - Lamy 1929: (204)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Modiolus cinnamomeus Brugière [sic] – Otter 1937: (352), pl. 1, fig. 1.9	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Modiola cinnamonea antiqua, - Serres 1954: 367; Kleemann 1983: (6) Lithophaga cinnamominus, - Salvat & Rives 1975: (367) Modiolus cinnamomeus Otter - Wilson 1979: (457) Modiola cinnamomea var. minor Lamarck - Kleemann 1983: (6) Modiolus cinnamomea Lamarck - Wilson & Tait 1984: (116) Botulina (error for Botula) cinnamomea, - Peyrot-Clausade & Brunel 1990: (139). Mytilus cinnamomeus Lamarck - Oldroyd 1924 a: (70), type of Botula	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Modiolam cinnamomeam, - Philippi 1847: (113) Modiola (Lithodomus) cinnamonea, - Hanley 1856: 23, pl. 24, fig. 24 Lithodomus cinamomeus, - Mayer (in Hartung) 1864: (219) Modiola cinnamomila Lamarck – Lienard 1877: 66 (fide Clapp & Kenk 1963: 605) Lithodomus cinnamoneus Chemnitz - Tate 1892: (130)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophaga cinnamomimus Schreibers - Salvat & Rives 1975: (367), fig. 406 Modiola cinamomea Lamarck - Dall 1916 b: (1) Modiola cinnamonea antiqua, - Serres 1954: 367 Geographic distribution: Red Sea (Suez, Obock, Harvey, Sudan, Massouah, Dahlak, Djibouti, Aden), N Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Karachi, Indo-Pacific (Mauritius, SE and S Africa, Natal, Zanzibar, Bourbone, Tulear, Madagascar, Nicobar Islands, Seychelles, Laccadive and Maldive Islands, Chagos, Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kutch, Mandapam and Minicoy Island, Ceylon, Madras Coast, Pamban, Andaman Isles, Malay Peninsula, Querimba Islands, Phuket, Thailand, Cape Liant to Koh Chang, Siam, China, Tuamotu, Mangareva, Luzon, Marinduque, Philippines, New Caledonia, Annam (Vietnam), Poulo-Condor, Cochinchine, Society Islands, Raiatea, Tuamutu Islands, Hikueru, Marutea du Sud, Taku, Tearia, Tokaerero, Tahiti, Gambier, Polynesia, West Australia, Low Isles, GBR, Mast Head Reef, Capricorn Group, Queensland, Mazatlán (Mexico) West Indies Cape Fear to Guadeloupe, W Florida, SE coast of US, South Carolina, Bermudas, Owen Island, Grand Cayman Islands, Antilles, Cuba, Martinique, Dominica, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Trinidad, Virgin Islands, Rio Hacha (Columbia), Testigos (Venezuela), Brazil Fossil: Switzerland (Cenozoic), Tampa, Florida (Oligocene); Italy (var. b)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The syntypes, as photographed by P. Richens (BMNH) in 1977, consisted of a single left valve (Pl. 1, Fig. 1, left side) and a complete specimen (Pl. 1, Fig. 1, right side). Wilson & Tait (1984: fig. 1 A, B) reproduced the single left valve as “ left valve of the whole specimen ”. Starting with Gmelin (1791), several authors regarded Chemnitz’s species as a variety of L. lithophaga (L.), while Deshayes 1836: 28) regarded M. cinnamomea var. Lamarck as M. fusca, and Mörch (1853: 55) as L. (B.) fusca. Dunker (1883) was first in considering cinnamomea as a synonym of fusca, although under the generic affinity to Lithophaga, while Johnson (1934: 28), Soot-Ryen (1955: 86) and Wilson & Tait (1984: 114) synomized it with B. fusca. See discussion on species problem below. The somewhat cosmopolitan geographic distribution, as listed above, is based on a single-species concept (Wilson & Tait 1984).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Brightseat, Prince George’s County, Maryland, Dave Weeks place on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee Geologic distribution: Monmouth Formation, Ripley Formation, Mastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous Remark. Stephenson (1952) attributed conchafodentis correctly to Botula (Pl. 2, Fig. 3 a, b).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Mytilus (Modiola) contorta Dujardin - Pictet & Campiche 1864 - 67: (514, 525) Geographic distribution: France: Tours, Roxan, Vendôme, Malberchie; India (?) Geologic distribution: Santonian, Senonian, Upper Cretaceous,? Miocene, Neogene, Remarks. The type specimen has not been located. In my view, the figures can be attributed to Botula and Archiac & Haime (1853: 268) had pointed out that it resembled their Mytilus subobtusus, the holotype of which is a member of Botula (Pl. 2, Fig. 5 a, b).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	L y thodomus cordatus, - Orbigny 1850, vol. 2: 391; Sherborn 1925: (1519), = Modiola; Sherborn 1932: (654); (typographic error)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Mytilus (Lithodomus) cordatus Lamarck - Mayer-Eymar 1891: 174	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithodomus cordata Lamarck - Cossmann & Peyrot 1914: (23) Lithodomus (Botula) cordata (Lamarck) - Cossmann 1922: 155 – 156, pl. 9, figs. 13 – 15 Lithophaga (Botula) cordata (Lamarck) - Abbas 1973: 97, (98, 195), pl. 21, figs. 10, 11 Lithophaga cordata Lamarck - Panteleev 1974: (102)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Lower Lutetian (Eocene), Oligocene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lamarck (1807) gave no description of Modiola cordata, an Eocene Botula, and pl. 18 is actually pl. 16 of Coquilles fossils des environs de Paris. No type could be located. Sizes mentioned are 29 - 15 (-?) mm (Dreger 1903) and 30 - 15 - 15 mm, for specimen GMC L. 505, from Cairo Building Stone, Middle Eocene, noted as “ holotype ” in error for hypotype (Abbas 1973). Savazzi (1982) reported on commensalism between B. cordata and a solitary coral (see discussion). Botula cretacea (Gabb, 1861)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Botula cuneiformis (Tate) - Kleemann 1990: (112, 113, 114), pl. 1 Geographic distribution: Port Victoria, St. Vincent and Spencer Gulf, also Kangaroo Island, Flindersian region, S Australia	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype is figured in Kleemann (1990), the paratype, SAM D 13045 / 2, herein (Pl. 1, Fig. 4). As noted by Kleemann (1983), Tate’s species is a junior homonym of the unrelated Bathonian L. cuneiformis Gourret, 1887.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype CAS 0 43975 was figured by Hertz (1999), who gives paratype numbers as SBMNH 34010 (19 specimens) and SDNHM 42803 [sic] (1 specimen). measuring 19.3 - 12.1 - 10.7 mm (Wilson & Tait 1984). Keen (1971: 74) noted a size of 26 - 14 - 12 mm, and “ A dark brown to black shell with a smooth periostracum. This has been identified by authors as B. fusca (Gmelin, 1791) because of its similarity to that West Indian form, from which it differs by being higher for its length, with a somewhat more arched dorsal margin. ” See discussion on species problem below.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype is the only specimen of the species, stored at the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and is a member of Botula as shown in the figures.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The disposition of the type is unknown. The figure of favannii is a member of Botula.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophagus fusus (sic), - Clench et al. 1948: (39), typographic error	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Middle Miocene (Studenka et al. 1998)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Gmelin (1791) referred to Lister’s (1685, pl. 395, fig. 197) figured specimen, of about 18 - 8 -? mm. Soot-Ryen (1955: 86) noted that this species is cinnamomea of authors, not Lamarck, 1819. Wilson & Tait (1984) considered Botula to contain but a single species, B. fusca, which is questioned herein (see species problem).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dall et al. (1938) noted three more specimens from the type locality, USNM 335613, and a single one, USNM 335615, from off the northeast coast of Hawaii in 532 – 347 m, cracked out of a lump of lava.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Miocene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No type specimen was selected by Maury (1917), who noted that they were uniform in size, resembling both B. cinnamomea Lamarck and B. incurva Gabb, but very much smaller and apparently distinct. The type locality is near Santo Domingo. The whereabouts of the specimens is unknown. Botula hortensis (Vinassa de Regny, 1898)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Priabona, Possagno, Treviso province, NE Italy; Budapest, Hungary Geologic distribution: Priabonian (blue marls), Upper Eocene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Oppenheim (1901, pl. 16, fig. 10) was first to figure a Botula specimen in a solitary, turbinate coral, Pattalophyllia subinflata (Catullo, 1856), showing the bivalve in dorsal view, crossing the coral skeleton close to and somewhat along it’s periphery, and not in direction or proximity of the coral center. The figures of B. hortensis, shell length 19 mm, in Savazzi (2001: fig. 1 A – C) are the same as figures 3, 6, and 4, respectively, of B. cordata in Savazzi (1982) (see above).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remark. See B. subinflata Whitfield, 1899 (new name for inflata).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Laysan Island, Hawaii Islands Geologic distribution: Pleistocene?	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is only represented by the holotype, a very inflated, probably sub-fossil specimen with the shell lacking any periostracal remains (Pl. 1, Fig. 6 a, b). Botula (?) lesbarritzensis (Cossmann, 1922)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Oligocene, Late Paleogene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The whereabouts of the holotype and only specimen is unknown. The figures are not good enough to allow a definite statement about the generic affinity. Botula mcknighti (Hanna, 1927) (Pl. 2, Fig. 1 a, b)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Only the holotype (figs. 10, 11) represents Botula, the paratypes probably are members of Coralliophaga Blainville, 1824.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Botula minuscula (Dollfus) - Chavan 1952: 22 – 23, (121), text-fig. 10, pl. 1, figs. 36 – 38 Geographic distribution: Le Havre, Cordebugle, France Geologic distribution: Kimmeridgian (Malm, Jurassic)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The disposition of the type is unknown. Chavan (1952) reported B. minuscula from coral Goniastrea. Figures 36 and 38 resemble Botula, not so fig. 37 and text-fig. 10. Botula (?) mixta (Borissjak, 1906)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Kremenez (Ukraine) Geologic distribution: Jurassic	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Borissjak (1906) noted 187 specimens for mixtus but without type designation. The disposition of the material is unknown. The footnote of Chavan (1952) says “ est certainement aussi une Botula, mais plus courte en avant, plus oblique en arrière ”. Kleemann (1983) regarded mixtus as a probable Lithophaga, which is likely, due to the more oval outline of the figures presented by Borissjak (1906) and his statement of the umbos not reaching the anterior end.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Pleistocene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Beu (2004) noted B. (N.) molina as new synonym of the North Atlantic – Mediterranean Modiolula phaseolina (Philippi, 1844). (See B. pirriei) Botula (?) obesa (Pictet & Campiche, 1867)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	distribution: Valanginian (Neocomian) to Aptian, Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The figures 1 a, b show affinity to Modiolus as well as the casts and images of the ‘ holotype’, MHNG 9593 (2 specimens), provided by courtesy of D. Decrouez. Lithodomus obesus Pictet & Campiche has nothing to do with Modiola (Lithophagus) obesa Philippi, 1847 a, = Lithophaga obesa (Philippi) (Kleemann 1983: 17).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Turonian, Senonian, Upper Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Orbigny (1850), regarded L. obtusus as the same as “ his ” L. contortus, referring to Modiola contorta Dujardin, 1837. Thus, we may consider B. obtusa to be synonymous with B. contorta (see above). Guéranger (1867) figured a Botula under the name of L. obtusus. Botula oolithica (Merian, 1840)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Bathonian (Movelierschichten, Dogger, Jurassic)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The original description of Venerupis oolithica (in my translation from the German): “ The bivalve is elongated oval, inflated, quite thick, and gaping a little at the anterior end. Its length is not quite a French inch (<27 mm). It has the general shape of Lamarck’s lithophages, but the nature of the ligament of the existing specimens cannot be recognized. ” A gaping anterior would rather indicate a Gastrochaena, but the only available specimen, the holotype, is partly embedded in oolithic rock, thus hiding its anterior part. Nevertheless, the visible parts (digital images, courtesy of Arne Ziems) support my view to regard it as a Botula. Its size is stated as 20 - 11 - <10 mm by Strübin (1913), who attributed V. oolithica and his own described and figured specimens, to L. bathonicus Rollier, 1911. Rollier (1911: 42) had only mentioned L. bathonicus sp. nov. in coral Thamnastrea, presenting just a line drawing of the cobble with several boreholes and two shell outlines in it, but no description. Rollier (1914) described and figured L. bathonicus as new species and the holotype, at ETH Zürich, represents a small-sized Lithophaga of about 13 - 6 - 5 mm. While Strübin’s specimens, particularly those two measuring 20 - 11 - 10.5 mm and 19.5 - 11.5 - 10 mm respectively (1913: figs. 4, 4 a and 5, 5 a), clearly are members of Botula. Figure 3 in Strübin (1913) illustrates the original specimen of V. oolithica in its borehole. Rollier (1914) noted L. bathonicus sensu Strübin as non synonymous with his species, but with Merian’s L. oolithicus. I agree with this view. Botula (?) orbignyanus (Peron, 1906)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Oxfordian, Early Malm, Late Jurassic	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type specimen has not been located. The figure caption in Peron (1906, pl. 5, fig. 9) reads Lithodomus orbignyanus Cotteau in coll.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The disposition of Gabb’s type is unknown. Mytilus (Lithodomus) oviformis Buvignier (1852) is definitely no Botula species (Kleemann 1983), while Stephenson (1952) considered Gabb’s (1864) species to be a member of Botula.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: La Meseta Formation, Paleogene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remark. This species was compared with B. (Notobotula) molina (= Modiolula phaseolina, and may be also attributed to Modiolula, explaining the erroneous attribution to Botula (see above).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Upper Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. I have seen all the types. The holotype has some resemblance to Modiolus as the posterior is a little higher than the anterior, but that may be tectonically influenced. It lacks prominent beaks and the usually rather evenly rounded shells (Pl. 2, Fig. 7 a, b). The paratypes, USNM 105289, 8.1 - 4.0 - 4.0 mm, and USNM 105290 / 1 - 3, measuring 11.3 - 6.5 - 6.2, 9.6 - 6.2 - 6.2, and 7.8 - 4.8 - 4.4 mm respectively, can be assinged to Botula confidently. Botula (?) prestensis (Pictet & Campiche, 1867)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: La Presta, Val de Travers, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Geologic distribution: Lower Aptian, Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The images and casts of the types (courtesy of D. Decrouez, MHNG) are lacking any radial shell ornament, being striking in the original figures 2 and 3. The casts, measuring 7.3 - 4.3 - 4.4 and 6.5 - 4.2 -> 3.2 mm respectively, thus less than what Pictet & Campiche (1867) stated. They both resemble small Botula specimens with inflated posterior end, wheras figures 2 and 3 resemble Brachidontes, and figure 4 may be from a Lithophaga borehole cast.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: New Jersey (Big Timber Creek, between Gloucester and Red Bank, New Egypt, Ware’s pits near Mullica Hill, Hunt’s pits at Manalapan, Monmouth County, Westville, Crawfords Corner, Marlboro, Crosseicks Creek, near Walnford), Tennessee (Dave Week’s place on Coon Creek, McNairy County) Northern Mississippi (2 miles S of New Albany), Maryland, N. America Geologic distribution: Mississippian, Upper Cretaceous (Cretaceous marls, Ripley Formation, Exogyra costata zone, lower green marls, Merchantville clay-marl, Wenonah sand, Navesink marl, Maryland: Matawan Formation, Monmouth Formation)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No type material of the species is known. Gabb (1876) listed his L. affinis and Arcoperna carolinensis Conrad, 1875 (see above), as synonyms of ripleyana. Gabb (1876) noted “ some bedded partially or entirely in fossil wood ”. These specimens cannot belong to Botula, but specimens of ripleyana in the USNM do: USNM 121679, 2 connected borings, 18.4 - ~ 7 - 7.8 mm and ~ 13 -? - 6 mm, preserved as a steinkern, from S side of the canal between St. George’s and Lorwood Grove, Delaware, Mt. Laurel-Navesink formation, Cretaceous, USNM 131745, 15.0 - 6.6 - ~ 6.5 mm (Gardner 1916, pl. 36, figs. 4, 5; Pl. 2, Fig. 8 a, b), and USNM 131746, ~ 12 borings as clustered steinkerne in dissolved mollusk shell (Gardner 1916, pl. 36, fig. 6). While USNM 32768, measuring 19 - 9.9 - 6.2 mm, looks like a tectonically compressed specimen (Wade 1926, pl. 23, figs. 5, 6), those figured by Weller (1907: pl. 56, figs. 9 – 12) can hardly be attributed to Botula, as he stated “ these shells burrow (bore) into various substances, usually wood (never Botula), … and … burrowing (boring) in the shells of Gryphaea vesicularis at Mullica Hill. ” Botula (?) semen (Reeve) Simpson, 1889	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a very questionable species perhaps synonymous with Gregariella semen (Lamarck, 1819) or G. coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophaga silicula Lamarck – H. Adams & A. Adams 1858: 519 Lithodomus siliculus Lamarck - Paetel 1890: (200)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Australia, Noto and Kii peninsulas, Tosa Bay, Palau Islands, coast of Guangdong to Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea, Japan	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The disarticulated shells of the holotype of Modiola silicula, which have a blackish periostracum and thus may be attributed to B. fusca, are mounted on cardbord. The right valve is seen from outside, with part of the periostracum crumbled away, the left, incomplete valve is shown from inside (Pl. 1, Fig. 2). The holotype of Botulopa silicula infra is a light brown specimen (Pl. 1, Fig. 3 a, b), probably being a member of B. cinnamomea Lamarck. From the two figures presented for infra, by Wilson & Tait (1984), only fig. 1 – P is the left valve of the holotype, seen in lateral outer view. While the other, fig. 1 – O, is from a different left valve in lateral inner view, lacking the writing of the number inside and being posteriorly more inflated.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophaga similis, - Panteleev 1974: (31, 59), text-fig. 12 Geographic distribution: Ciply, France; W. Turkmenistan Geologic distribution: Maastrichtian, Late Senonian, uppermost Cretaceous, Danian, Lower Paleocene Remarks. The disposition of the type is unknown, but I agree with Panteleev (1974) in considering similis a Botula.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remark. This is another questionable species, based on a single specimen. Botula subcordata (Orbigny, 1852)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithophaga subcordata (Orbigny) - Janakevich 1968: (38, 39, 40, 41), 42, (43), (pl.) fig. 3 a – c Lithophaga subordata (typographic error) (Orbigny) - Janakevich 1968: (pl.) Botula? subcordata (Orbigny) - Schultz 2001: (130 – 131), pl. 10, fig. 3 a, b Botula subcordata (Orbigny) – Lozouet et al. 2003: (1), 4, pl. 6, figs. 1 – 6. Geographic distribution: France: Saucats (Gironde), Tarsous (Cilicie), Davas (Carie), Léognan (Le Thil infr.), Mérignac (Baour), Saucats (Lariey), Cabanac (Pouquet), Pessac (Lorient), Manciet (Gers); Austria: Kalksburg, Wöllersdorf, Burgenland Geologic distribution: Miocene (Aquitanian, Badenian, Leithakalk) Helvetien	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The “ original ” species description by Orbigny “ 1847 ”, cited by Schultz (2001) was not found. As Cossmann & Peyrot (1914, pl. 16, figs. 15 – 19) published neotypes from the early Miocene, Aquitanian, the holotype can be regarded lost. Lozouet et al. (2003: 4) designated MNHNP R 63676 as lectotype for B, subcordata (Orbigny, 1852). Botula subinflata (Whitfield, 1899)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Palmer & Brann (1965) the type was lost in 1963. The figures of M. inflata Whitfield, 1886 seem to depict a member of Botula. Botula subobtusa (Archiac, 1850) (Pl. 2, Fig. 5 a, b)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: India Geological distribution: Paleogene	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remark. I located the holotype at BMNH (Pl. 2, Fig. 5 a, b). Botula traversensis (Pictet & Campiche, 1867)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Aptian (Cretaceous)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The figures 5 a, b look very much like Botula. Having seen images and a cast of the type and only specimen (through the courtesy of D. Decrouez, MHNG), no doubt is left. Botula (?) tumidula (Stoliczka, 1871)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Lithodomus (? Botula) tumidula Stoliczka, 1871: 375 – 376, pl. 23, fig. 16, 16 a, pl. 38, fig. 13, type:?, size (of figures): ~ 13.5 - 10 - 8.5 mm, habitat: conglomeratic whitish sandstone, type locality: S. India, SE of Arrialoor, age: Cretaceous, Arrialoor group; Kleemann 1983: (25, 28, 32),? genus Geographic distribution: Arrialor group, South India Geologic distribution: Late Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The figures (16, 16 a) depict a specimen with a prominent keel-like postero-dorsal elevation, which in lateral view results in a dorsal depression behind the anterior of the specimen, thus leaving considerable doubt about an affinity to Botula. The “ corrected view of the same specimen ”, pl. 38, fig. 13 (x 2, 27 - 20 mm), rules out Botula due to its general form and because sulci appear to run from the umbones ventrally. As the fossil is incomplete posteriorly and drawn in latero-dorsal view, the exact outline is difficult to imagine and I leave the interpretation of the drawing and generic determination open.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Monmouth Formation, Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Figures 12 and 13 depict the holotype and only specimen of the species in right lateral and anterior view, respectively. Herein, dorsal and left lateral view are given as well (Pl. 2, Fig. 2 a, b). Non Botula vestita (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFC2FF8C0FD3FB955B650496.taxon	discussion	Remark. According to www. somali. asso. fr / clemam / biotaxis. php? X = 21529 & header = 1 this is a junior synonym of Amygdalium agglutinans.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFD1FF830FD3FDC0580A0476.taxon	description	Lithodomus cf. avellana Orbigny - Toula 1882: (43) Lithodomus (Botula) avellana Orbigny - Gillet 1924: (26), pl. 1, fig. 3 a, b Lithophaga avellana (Orbigny) - Chernov & Yanin 1974: 38 – 39, (40, 41), figs. 1 – 5 Geographic distribution: Orgon (Vaucluse), Sainte-Croix, Arzier, Pierre-Chatel; Maidstone, Kent; Chlebowitz, Ignaziberg, Koniakau, Stramberg, Tieschan, Willamowitz Geologic distribution: Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous, Valangian (Neocomian) to Barremian Remarks. The location of the figured type specimen is not known. The specimen MHNG 9601, described and figured in Pictet & Campiche (1867), is also ovoid and without prominent beaks, thus not a member of Botula, but probably a short inflated Lithophaga. Only Gillet (1924) mentioned avellana as L. (Botula). Lithophaga fabaeformis Crespin, 1926 Lithophaga fabaeformis Crespin, 1926: (105, 108), 118 – 119, (122, 124, 228), pl. 9, figs. 14, 15, holotype (cast): NMVM P 13447 (fig. 14), size: 17 - 6.5 ~ 4.5 mm, paratype (fig 15): NMVM P 13448, size: 12.5 - 6.8 - 7 mm (not 11.5 - 6 mm), type locality: Outcrop 1, Green Gully, age: Janjukian of Torquay, Tertiary of Australia, Ironstone beds, Keilor; Kleemann 1983: (10, 27.32) Geographic distribution: Outcrop 1, Green Gully, Keilor, Torquay, SE Australia Geologic distribution: Oligo-Miocene (Ironstone beds, Janjukian)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFD1FF830FD3FDC0580A0476.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The oblong holotype is a member of Lithophaga, but the shorter paratype, as the name suggests, a bean-shaped cast of a Botula (Pl. 1, Fig. 9 a, b); therefore it is mentioned here. Lithophaga (?) manuanensis (Newton, 1909) (Pl. 1, Fig. 12 a, b)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFD1FF830FD3FDC0580A0476.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: Late Cretaceous	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFD1FF830FD3FDC0580A0476.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The fractured and deformed holotype is the only specimen. It was noted by Kleemann (1983: 12) as questionable Botula specimen, but due to observeable lateral sulci, it cannot be a member of Botula (Pl. 1, Fig. 12 a, b).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDEFF830FD3FE305DE80278.taxon	description	Modiola californiensis ‘ Eschscholtz’ - Philippi, 1847: 113; Clapp & Kenk 1963: (784), = Adula californiensis	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDEFF830FD3FE305DE80278.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: East Pacific, British Columbia, Vancouver Island to San Diego, California, also North Japan	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDEFF830FD3FE305DE80278.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Monterey, Coos Bay, Oregon to San Diego, California, Mexico	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF820FD3FF085A460368.taxon	description	Gregariella Monterosato, 1883 (Fig. 1)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF820FD3FF085A460368.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Modiolus sulcatus Risso, 1826, by original designation, = Modiola opifex Say, 1825, non of authors.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF820FD3FF085A460368.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Elongate, inflated, beaks incurved, umbonal keel angulated, radially striated anteriorly and posteriorly where striae end along oblique line, median part concentrically striated, periostracum hairy along umbonal keel, anterior and posterior dysodont teeth, margins crenulated (Soot-Ryen, 1969).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF820FD3FF085A460368.taxon	description	Lithodomus splendidus ‘ Dunker’ - Reeve 1858: sp. 31, pl. 5, fig. 31,? syntype: BMNH 1984185, size: 12.4 - 6.1 - 7.7 mm, type locality: Sydney; Kleemann 1983: (23), = Gregariella Lithodomus (Botula) splendida, - Chenu 1862: (156), fig. 775 Botula splendida Chenu – Lamy 1937: (46), = Modiolaria (Gregariella) splendida Reeve	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF820FD3FF085A460368.taxon	description	Geographic distribution: Sydney	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF820FD3FF085A460368.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The probable syntypes of V. s p l e n d i d a (BMNH 1967564 / 1 - 3, negative 1623) have nothing to do with Gregariella but Volsella. Although referring to Dunker (1857), Reeve’s description and figure of his Lithodomus splendidus (1858: sp. 31, pl. 5, fig. 31), is a member of a hairy Gregariella. Chenu’s figure (1862, fig. 775) is the same as Reeve’s and Kobelt’s figure (1881, pl. 106, fig. 10) is a redrawing of Reeve’s. Thus, Kobelt’s selection of splendida “ Dunker ” as type of Botula should be ruled out (see Type species problem). Keen (1971: 67, fig. 135) attributed Dunker’s species to Lioberus, noting “ three specimens from the type lot in the British Museum, not previously illustrated ”. BMNH 1967564 / 1, the largest, 21 - 12 -? mm, is among the figured in Keen (1971), below the figure number 136.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF810FD3F91D5D3104A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Modiola castanea Say, 1822, by monotypy.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF810FD3F91D5D3104A6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Beaks near anterior end, smooth or with obsolete radial sculpture, edentulous, periostracum smooth (Soot-Ryen 1969) Lioberus castanea (Say, 1822)	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDFFF810FD3F91D5D3104A6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Poirier (1954) gives no reference, but probably refers to Perry (1940).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDCFF810FD3FD3D5B030398.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Botulopsis reisi Waller, 2005 (= Botulopsis cassiana Reis, 1926 non Botulopsis cassiana (Bittner, 1895), by monotypy, Ladinian (Wettersteinkalk), Hochalpe, Karwendel, Austria (Waller 2005: fig. 4.8 – 4.10, reproduction of figures 1 – 3 in Reis 1926, pl. 8).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDCFF810FD3FD3D5B030398.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (emended by Waller 2005: 13). Mysidiellidae moderately inflated and rounded-oblong in shape, with umbones broad and rounded, beaks medially inturned and not extending beyond anteriormost point of anterior shell margin; byssal invagination very shallow.	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDCFF810FD3FD3D5B030398.taxon	description	Geologic distribution: San Cassiano Formation, Cordevol, basal Carnian, Late Triassic	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
056987EDFFDCFF810FD3FD3D5B030398.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bittner (1895) was quite uncertain about the generic affinity. Reis (1926) put cassiana, as type species, into his new genus Botulopsis. From the supposedly three syntypes, two are stored in the palaeontological collection of NHMW, Nr. D. 2 / 3 1884. One left valve, filled with indurated sediment, is the larger specimen, 15.4 - 12 - 6.2 x 2 mm (figured in Soot-Ryen 1969), and the smaller is a right valve in sediment, 10.6 - 8 - 6 x 2 mm. A third syntype was not found. The attached label reads “ Sigaretus? ” respectively “? Botula cassiana Bittner ”, St. Cassian, Stuores, Southern Tyrol, Alpine Triassic, Trachyceras aon zone, which is basal Carnian (Cordevol, L. Krystyn, pers. comm.).	en	Kleemann, Karl (2007): Catalogue and bibliography of Recent and fossil Botula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Zootaxa 1508: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177199
