identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
057687D3FFF8FFDEFF3CF8E4FE17A063.text	057687D3FFF8FFDEFF3CF8E4FE17A063.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scoloplos Blainville 1828	<div><p>Genus Scoloplos Blainville, 1828</p><p>Scoloplos Blainville, 1828: 493 .</p><p>Scoloplos (Scoloplos) .— Hartman 1957: 280; Pettibone 1957: 160; Day 1973: 84; Mackie 1987: 20.</p><p>Type-species. Lumbricus armiger O. F. Müller, 1776: 215; by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Prostomium pointed, conical; single achaetous peristomial ring. Thoracic neuropodia bearing crenulated capillaries and hooks arranged in one or more rows; abdominal furcate and flailed notochaetae present or absent. Abdominal neuropodia lack robust emergent aciculae. Branchiae simple or branched, from chaetiger 8 or later. 1–2 thoracic neuropodial podal papillae, 0–2 thoracic subpodal papillae, 0–4 abdominal subpodal papillae, stomach papillae absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFF8FFDEFF3CF8E4FE17A063	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
057687D3FFFBFFD0FF3CFE8AFD70A047.text	057687D3FFFBFFD0FF3CFE8AFD70A047.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scoloplos acutissimus Hartmann-Schroder 1991	<div><p>Scoloplos acutissimus Hartmann-Schröder, 1991</p><p>(Figs 1, 2, 12 A)</p><p>Scoloplos acutissimus Hartmann-Schröder, 1991: 48 –49, figs 73–80.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ZMH P–20562 (photographed).</p><p>Other material examined. AM W.44175, MI QLD 2366 (photographed); AM W.44175.001, tissue for molecular study; MI QLD 2340, unregistered posterior end used for molecular analysis; AM W.44248, MI QLD 2373; AM W.46090, MI QLD 2376 (3, 1 photographed); AM W.46091, MI QLD 2378 (6); AM W.46092, MI QLD 2422 (12); AM W.46096, MI QLD 2429 (20, 1 photographed using SEM); AM W.46097, MI QLD 2432 (3); AM W.44940, MI QLD 2433 (6); AM W.44942, MI QLD 2439 (3, 1 photographed).</p><p>Examination of type material. Holotype incomplete, thoracic width 0.8 mm, with flattened thorax. Eighteen thoracic chaetigers on right side and 19 thoracic chaetigers on left side. Branchiae starting from chaetiger 17. Three or four rows of hooks and one posterior row of capillary chaetae in thoracic neuropodia; thoracic neuropodia with one podal papilla, no subpodal papillae. Anterior abdominal neuropodia with very big subpodal flange and developed subpodal notch, well developed long subequal outer and inner lobes. Notopodial lobes narrow, digitiform. Branchiae longer than notopodia. In posterior abdominal segments neuropodia with shorter lobes, inner lobes round and wider than outer.</p><p>Description. (Lizard Island material) Body long, slender; thorax slightly flattened, abdomen cylindrical (Figs 1 A, 2A). Colour in life pale yellowish-brown with red blood vessels and yellow gut content (Fig. 12 A). Thoracic width up to 0.9 mm. Prostomium sharply conical with drawn out tapering tip (Fig. 2 B). Peristomium with pair of dorso-lateral nuchal organs (Fig. 2 B). Thoracic chaetigers numbering 14–20 (usually 17–19) (Table 3). Branchiae starting from penultimate thoracic chaetiger (Fig. 1 A, Table 3), usually chaetiger 16–18 (13 in smallest specimen). First branchiae small and digitiform; becoming larger and triangular in anterior abdomen; then long, strap-like, markedly wider and longer than notopodia, in middle and posterior abdomen (Figs 1 G, H, 2I). Thoracic postchaetal lobes well developed from chaetiger 1 (neuropodia) or 2 (notopodia) (Figs 1 D, E, 2B). Notopodial lobes short and papilliform in anterior thorax; gradually increasing in length, becoming digitiform, as long as branchiae in posterior thorax (Figs 1 A–C, E–G, 2C, D, F). Lateral organs below notopodia of all segments well developed (Fig. 2 B, D). Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes round papilliform, in posterior thorax becoming elongated and arising from low ridge, more developed below papilla (mammiform shape) (Figs 1 C, E–G, 2C, D, F). No subpodal or stomach papillae. Abdominal notopodial lobes narrow, lanceolate, shorter than branchiae (Figs 1 H, 2I). Abdominal neuropodia supported one thin acicula and bilobed with subequal lobes; inner lobe rounded, slightly longer and thicker than outer one (Figs 1 H, I, 2C, I). Parapodial flange well developed, with deep notch and round upper margin without flange papilla (Fig. 1 H, I). Ciliated dorsal organs with two short ciliated strips present middorsally (Fig. 2 I, J). Thoracic notopodia bearing only crenulate capillary chaetae; neuropodia with 3–4 anterior rows of hooks and one posterior row of capillaries, neuropodial lobe located on same level as capillary chaetae in middle of row (Figs 1 C, E–G, 2B–G); hooks in anterior chaetigers slightly curved, serrated with 4 denticles; in posterior thoracic chaetigers hooks almost straight, smooth, hooded, very short in anterior row; in one or two last thoracic chaetigers hooks replaced by capillary chaetae (Figs 1 C, E–G, 2B–G). In abdomen both rami bearing thin capillaries, besides forked chaetae present in notopodia (Fig. 2 H) and flail chaetae in neuropodia (Fig. 1 H, J). Pygidium with two long anal cirri (Fig. 2 K).</p><p>Remarks. Scoloplos acutissimus was described by Hartmann-Schröder (1991) from Gladstone, Queensland and has not been recorded since this study. Re-examination of holotype revealed higher number of thoracic chaetigers (18/19 vs 17) than originally reported. Lizard Island material had up to 20 thoracic chaetigers (Table 3). The newly collected specimens correspond well with the original description and the type material which was examined. The variability in the number of thoracic chaetigers and in the location of the first pair of branchiae was investigated for 26 specimens (Table 3). The pygidium and anal cirri are described for the first time.</p><p>Type locality. Gladstone, Queensland.</p><p>Distribution. Gladstone, Lizard Island, Queensland.</p><p>Molecular analyses. The analysis of the sequence data for the 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and CO1 gene has shown (with a good support for 18S and 16S) that all trees include the clade that contains Scoloplos armiger, S.</p><p>acmeceps, and Leitoscoloplos pugettensis (Figs 13–15). In CO1 analysis this clade also included S. acutus . In the CO1 and 16S analyses Scoloplos acutissimus joined the Scoloplos armiger-S. acmeceps-Leitoscoloplos pugettensis clade (Figs 14, 15). However the analysis of the sequence data for 18S rRNA gene (Fig. 13) showed that Scoloplos acutissimus was not included in this clade, but with low support it was likely in the same clade as representatives of the genera Nainereis, Orbinia, Leodamas, Phylo and others instead; the same clade contains Scoloplos dayi, S. normalis, Leitoscoloplos robustus and L. fragililis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFFBFFD0FF3CFE8AFD70A047	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
057687D3FFF5FFD4FF3CF97EFD60A4B9.text	057687D3FFF5FFD4FF3CF97EFD60A4B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scoloplos dayi Hartmann-Schroder 1980	<div><p>Scoloplos dayi Hartmann-Schröder, 1980</p><p>(Figs 2, 3, 12 B)</p><p>Scoloplos dayi Hartmann-Schröder, 1980: 67 –68, figs 74–68.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: HZM P–16373 (photographed). Paratype: HZM P–16374 (photographed).</p><p>Other material examined. AM W.44249, MI QLD 2376 (2); AM W.45476, MI QLD 2440; AM W.45476.001, tissue for molecular studies; AM W.46093, MI QLD 2422 (3, 1 photographed on SEM); AM W.46095, MI QLD 2429 (9); AM W.44764, MI QLD 2429 (photographed); AM W.44764.001, tissue for molecular studies; AM W.45477, MI QLD 2376 (photographed); AM W.45477.001, tissue for molecular studies.</p><p>Examination of type material. Holotype: complete specimen, with cylindrical body, 20 thoracic chaetigers. Branchiae from chaetiger 8, as minute papillae. Flange papillae present in all abdominal segments. Prostomium conical, acute. Bilobed neuropodia from chaetiger 14–16. Hooks very short and inconspicuous, only detectable after examination under compound microscope. Pygidium with 2 short cirri, attached ventrally. Paratype: anterior fragment with 25 thoracic chaetigers. Branchiae from chaetiger 8, well developed from first pair. Bilobed neuropodia from chaetiger 11. Hooks easily observed. Flange papillae present in all abdominal segments.</p><p>H. Forked chaetae from abdominal neuropodia.</p><p>anal cirri are broken.</p><p>Description. Body cylindrical; anterior thorax often swollen, posterior thorax slightly wider than abdomen (Figs 3 A, 4A). Colour in life orange-brown with red blood vessels, ventral part of abdomen grey (Fig. 12 B). Thoracic width up to 2.2 mm. Prostomium sharply conical. Peristomium with a pair of dorso-lateral nuchal organs. Thoracic chaetigers numbering 21–26 (usually 24–25). Branchiae starting from chaetiger 8 (rarely 9–11) as minute papillae, gradually increasing in size; in chaetiger 17–20 becoming large, triangular with tapered tips (Fig. 3 B, D); in abdomen long narrow triangular, as long as notopodia or slightly longer (Fig. 3 D, G). Thoracic post-chaetal lobes present from chaetiger 1, first neuropodial lobe very small; both notopodial and neuropodial lobes gradually increasing in size, becoming digitiform; in anterior thorax similar in size, in posterior thorax notopodial lobes longer (Figs 3 A, B, 4B). Lateral organs developed at base of notopodia (Fig. 4 B). Neuropodial lobes becoming bilobed from chaetiger 10–12, in some specimens 13–14 (Figs 3 A, B, F, 4D). No subpodal or stomach papillae. Abdominal notopodial lobes narrowly foliaceous, with slightly swollen basal part (Fig. 3 D, G). Abdominal neuropodial lobes supported by two thin aciculae and bilobed; with elongate triangular lobes, inner lobe 2–3 times longer than outer (Figs 3 D, G, 4F). Subpodal flange well developed, upper edge forming flange papilla (ventral cirrus) in all abdominal segments (Figs 3 D, G, 4F). Low interramal papilla present between rami in some specimens (Fig. 3 G). Ciliated dorsal organs with two curved ciliated strips present mid-dorsally in each segment. Thoracic notopodia bearing only crenulated capillary chaetae; all thoracic neuropodia with an anterior J-shaped row of slightly curved hooded hooks and 3–4 rows of crenulated capillary chaetae (Figs 3 C, E, F, 4B–E); hooks smooth or slightly serrated (Fig. 4 C, E). Crenulated capillary chaetae accompanied by forked chaetae in abdominal notopodia (Figs 3 H, 4G) and flail chaetae in abdominal neuropodia. Pygidium with two anal cirri (Fig. 4 H).</p><p>Remarks. Scoloplos dayi was described in 1980 from Northwest coast of Australia (Exmouth: Town Beach) and this represents the first record since then. Specimens from Lizard Island agree with the original description and type material examined, although some variability occurred in the number of thoracic chaetigers (21–26 instead of 20–24 in original description), chaetiger where branchiae begin (8–11 vs 8–9), and chaetiger where bilobed neuropodia start (10–14 vs 14–15). Scoloplos dayi is very similar to Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus (Hartman, 1957), which co-occurs with this species in our samples from Lizard Island. The only differences between two species are the presence of thoracic hooks (sometimes very short and inconspicuous) and flange papillae in S. dayi . This species also has more thoracic chaetigers in general, but this character overlaps with L. bifurcatus .</p><p>Type locality. Northwest coast of Australia (Exmouth: Town Beach, Western Australia).</p><p>Distribution. Northwest coast of Australia, Lizard Island, Queensland.</p><p>Molecular analyses. According to data obtained for three specimens (Figs 13–15), S. dayi does not belong to the Scoloplos armiger - S. acmeceps - Leitoscoloplos pugettensis clade. The analysis showed that one of the three studied specimens genetically differed from the other two. The genetic distance between these specimens was 1.7% for 18S sequence fragments and 6.2% for both 16S and CO1 fragments. Two other specimens did not differ genetically and had no substitutions in any of the studied sequences. These results may be indicative of an unrecognized complex of cryptic sympatric species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFF5FFD4FF3CF97EFD60A4B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
057687D3FFF1FFD4FF3CFA2CFEB8A6A3.text	057687D3FFF1FFD4FF3CFA2CFEB8A6A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leitoscoloplos Day 1977	<div><p>Genus Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977</p><p>Leitoscoloplos Day, 1977: 218, fig. 1a–g.</p><p>Leitoscoloplos .— Mackie 1987: 2; Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 79; Hernández-Alcántara &amp; Solís-Weiss 2014: 142 –143.</p><p>Type-species. Haploscoloplos bifurcatus Hartman, 1957: 277 –279; by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Prostomium pointed, conical; one achaetous peristomial ring. Thoracic neurochaetae with only crenulated capillaries; abdominal furcate notochaetae present or absent. Branchiae simple or branched, either present from posterior thoracic, transitional or abdominal chaetigers, or absent. Interramal cirri present or absent. Posterior thoracic neuropodia with up to six podal papillae. Subpodal and stomach papillae absent, or with up to eight subpodal papillae per parapodium and with numerous stomach papillae in the posterior thorax / anterior abdomen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFF1FFD4FF3CFA2CFEB8A6A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
057687D3FFF0FFD5FF3CFF59FAE3A793.text	057687D3FFF0FFD5FF3CFF59FAE3A793.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus (Hartman 1957) Hartman 1957	<div><p>Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus (Hartman, 1957)</p><p>(Figs 5, 6)</p><p>Haploscoloplos bifurcatus Hartman, 1957: 277 –279</p><p>Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus .— Day 1977: 223 –224; Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979: 760 –761; Mackie 1987: 13 –14, fig. 14a–f.</p><p>Material examined. AM W.46089, MI QLD 2376 (photographed); AM W.44761, MI QLD 2429 (4, 1 photographed on SEM); AM W.44299, MI QLD 2378 (2); AM W.44938, MI QLD 2439 (photographed); AM W.44938.001, tissue for molecular studies.</p><p>Description. Body cylindrical, thorax slightly wider than abdomen (Fig. 5 A). Thoracic width up to 2.5 mm. Prostomium sharply conical. Peristomium bearing pair of dorso-lateral nuchal organs (Fig. 6 A). 19–21 thoracic chaetigers (Fig. 5 A). Branchiae starting from chaetiger 8 as minute papillae, well developed from chaetiger 15–16; in abdomen triangular, narrow lanceolate in posterior part of abdomen; slightly shorter or equal to notopodial lobes (Figs 5 A, D, G, H, 6F). Thoracic post-chaetal lobes developed from chaetiger 1, gradually increase in size, narrow triangular in shape; in anterior thorax equal size or neuropodia lobes longer, in posterior thorax notopodial lobes longer (Figs 5 C–F, 6A, D, E). Lateral organs developed at base of notopodia (Fig. 6 A, E, F). Neuropodial lobes becoming bilobed from chaetiger 10–12 (Fig. 5 A). No subpodal or stomach papillae. Abdominal notopodial lobes narrow lanceolate; neuropodial lobes bilobed with inner lobe longer than outer, with two or three aciculae; in anterior abdomen lobes short, subequal, in posterior abdomen inner lobe very long, 2–3 times longer than outer (Figs 5 G, H, 6E, F, G). Subpodal notch and flange present, in first abdominal chaetiger subpodal flange can form papilla (ventral cirrus) in some specimens, but in other segments its upper margin rounded; all other abdominal neuropodia without flange papillae (Figs 5 B, D, G, H, 6E, F, G). Elongate ciliated dorsal organs present middorsally as two lateral curved ciliated strips (Fig. 6 H) in all segments from posterior thorax. Chaetae crenulated capillaries in all parapodia (Figs 5 C, E, F, 6B, C), forked chaetae in abdominal notopodia not found. Pygidium with two anal cirri (Fig. 6 I).</p><p>Remarks. Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus has been described from South Australia and later reported also from Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Northern Territory (Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979). Specimens described in present study agree well with previous descriptions. Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus is very similar to S. dayi in general appearance, shape of thoracic neuropodia, and the first segment with branchiae. Differences between these two species are listed above.</p><p>Molecular analyses. The 18S and 16S sequence analyses (Figs 13, 14) support the inclusion of Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus in the clade that contains representatives of the genus Leodamas: L. dubia, L. rubra and L. johnstonei . This result strongly incongruent with the morphology indicate possible paraphyly of Leitoscoloplos . The analysis of CO1 sequences (Fig. 15) showed that Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus does not form a clade with Leodamas or with other Leitoscoloplos species. It is interesting that three clades including species assigned to Leitoscoloplos appeared to show agreement with three of the five morphological subgroups recognised by Mackie (1987). Leitoscoloplos pugettensis belongs to group 3 (species with more than 10 thoracic chaetigers, mammiform or mammiform/triangular thoracic neuropodial lobes, and strap-like branchiae; no interramal cirri or subpodal papillae); L. bifurcatus belongs to group 4 (species with more than 10 thoracic chaetigers, single triangular or triangular/bifurcate thoracic neuropodial lobes, and triangular branchiae; no interramal cirri or subpodal papillae), and L. robustus and L.fragilis to group 5 (species with more than 10 thoracic chaetigers, single triangular, triangular/bifurcate or mammiform/bifurcate thoracic neuropodial lobes, and triangular branchiae; interramal cirri and subpodal papillae present). Whether this would hold up with the inclusion of additional taxa is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFF0FFD5FF3CFF59FAE3A793	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
057687D3FFF0FFC8FF3CF905FF5BA041.text	057687D3FFF0FFC8FF3CF905FF5BA041.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leodamas Kinberg 1866	<div><p>Genus Leodamas Kinberg, 1866</p><p>Leodamas Kinberg, 1866: 252 .</p><p>Scoloplos (Leodamas) .— Hartman 1957: 284 –285; Pettibone 1957: 160; Day 1973: 84; Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 87.</p><p>Type-species. Scoloplos (Leodamas) verax Kinberg, 1866: 251 –252; by monotypy.</p><p>abdominal chaetiger.</p><p>Abdominal parapodia, anterior view; H. Dorsal organ; I. Posterior end with pygidium, one anal cirrus is broken. Diagnosis. Prostomium acutely pointed, usually prolonged; one achaetous peristomial ring. Thoracic neuropodia bearing large and numerous hooks accompanied by few or no crenulated capillaries, abdominal furcate notochaetae present or absent, abdominal neuropodia possess robust emergent aciculae. Branchiae simple or branched, first present from chaetiger 5–7. Thoracic neuropodial podal papillae, subpodial papillae, stomach papillae present or absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFF0FFC8FF3CF905FF5BA041	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
057687D3FFEDFFC0FF3CFE74FD68A57B.text	057687D3FFEDFFC0FF3CFE74FD68A57B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leodamas dubia (Tebble 1955) Tebble 1955	<div><p>Leodamas dubia (Tebble, 1955)</p><p>(Figs 7, 8, 12 C)</p><p>Scoloplos dubia Tebble, 1955: 123 –124, fig. 26a–c.</p><p>Scoloplos (Leodamas) rubra australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979: 131 –132, figs 276–282. Scoloplos (Leodamas) dubia— Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 89 –91, fig. 8A–D.</p><p>Material examined. AM W.44579, MI QLD 2422 (3); AM W.46094, MI QLD 2429 (10, 1 photographed); AM W.44762, MI QLD 2429 (5); AM W.44765, MI QLD 2429 (photographed); AM W.44765.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.46098, MI QLD 2439 (7, 1 photographed); AM W.45478, MI QLD 2439; AM W.45478.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.45479, MI QLD 2438 (photographed); AM W.45479.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.45480, MI QLD 2376; AM W.45480.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.44941, MI QLD 2438, posterior fragments.</p><p>Description. Body long, slender; thorax flattened dorso-ventrally; abdomen cylindrical (Figs 7 A–C, 8A, B). Colour in life pale yellowish in thorax, in abdomen more saturated yellow, with red blood vessels, chaetae golden (Fig. 12 C). Thoracic width up to 1.1 mm. 15–19 (usually 16–18) thoracic chaetigers. Branchiae starting from chaetiger 6, digitiform, gradually increasing in size; becoming triangular with drawn-up tip, longer and wider than notopodia in abdomen (Figs 7 A, D, E, H, 8F, K). Thoracic post-chaetal lobes developed from chaetiger 2 (Fig. 7 B). Notopodial lobes digitate, increasing in length along thorax; in abdomen becoming triangular or lanceolate, slightly shorter than branchiae (Figs 7 A, B, D, E, G, H, 8C, F, K). Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes represented by low ridges; triangular foot papilla of last one or two thoracic chaetigers shifted to upper side (Figs7 B, С, F, G, 8A– D). Abdominal neuropodial lobes rectangular, bilobed, supported by thick, curved, projecting acicula; with digitate outer lobe and reduced inner lobe (Figs 7 H, I, 8F, G). Parapodial flange not developed. No subpodal, stomach or flange papillae. Dorsal organs as short curved strips seen in each segment dorsally (Fig. 7 D). Notopodia bearing crenulated capillary chaetae in both thorax and abdomen; abdominal notopodia additionally having forked chaetae with equal tines and pointed tips (Fig. 8 J). Thoracic neuropodia with four rows of straight hooded slightly serrated hooks; hooks in anterior row shorter and thicker than in posterior ones; upper hooks thicker than lower (Figs 7 B, C, F, G, 8C–E); two or three crenulated capillary chaetae located in upper part of posterior row (Figs 7 B, C, F, G, 8C– E). Abdominal neuropodia with crenulated capillary chaetae and very thick projecting acicula; its shape vary from almost straight to bent almost 180° (Figs 7 I–K, 8G–I). Pygidium with four short cirri, one pair ventrolateral and the other lateral (Fig. 8 K).</p><p>Remarks. Leodamas dubia was originally described from the Gold Coast (Ghana, West Africa) as Scoloplos dubia . The species was characterized by having 21–23 thoracic chaetigers, branchiae starting from chaetiger 7, and hooked aciculae in abdominal neuropodia. Eibye-Jacobsen (2002) described numerous specimens from the Thai sector of the Andaman Sea, which he referred to this species. Thai specimens had 18–21 thoracic chaetigers and differed from original description by branchiae starting from chaetiger 6 and shape of abdominal notopodial lobes. Eibye-Jacobsen (2002) also synonymized S. (L.) rubra australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979 with S. (L.) dubia based on the characteristic hooked shape of the neuropodial aciculae. Specimens reported here correspond well to descriptions by Eibye-Jacobsen (2002) and Hartmann-Schröder (1979) and differ by having a lower number of thoracic chaetigers (15–19 instead of 18–21 and 23). As noted for specimens from the Andaman Sea, worms from Lizard Island exhibit large variability in the shape of neuropodial aciculae; they can be almost straight, slightly bent or curved almost 180°. Hence, for correct identification of this species it is necessary to check parapodia from certain abdominal region (20th–45th abdominal chaetigers according to Eibye-Jacobsen (2002)). Otherwise specimens could be referred to other species of Leodamas, i.e., L. rubra (Webster, 1879) differing mainly by less curved aciculae.</p><p>There is a possibility that West-African and Indo-Pacific populations of L. dubia represent different species as they show important morphological differences. To resolve this issue further investigations are needed.</p><p>Molecular analyses. The 18S and 16S sequence analyses (Figs 13, 14) indicated that Leodamas dubia belongs in the clade that consists of L. rubra and L. johnstonei . This clade also includes Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus . As mentioned above, morphologically Leodamas and Leitoscoloplos are very different from each other and molecular analysis contradicts morphological data. The genetic distance between L. rubra and L. dubia is less than 2% for 18S sequences and approximately 10% for 16S sequences. The analysis of orbiniid phylogeny performed by Bleidorn et al. (2009) showed that L. rubra and L. johnstonei form a clade that is a sister clade to all other orbiniid species, but in our trees species of Leodamas did not form sister group to other orbiniids.</p><p>abdominal notopodia; K. Regenerating posterior end with pygidium. Genus Naineris Blainville, 1828</p><p>Nais Fabricius, 1780: 315 –316.</p><p>Naineris Blainville, 1828: 490 –491.</p><p>Nainereis .— Hartman 1957: 296; Pettibone 1957: 160.6</p><p>Type-species. Nais quadricuspida Fabricius, 1780, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Prostomium rounded to square in front; one achaetous peristomial ring. Thoracic neurochaetae may include crenulate capillaries, hooks and subuluncini, or crenulate capillaries only, abdominal furcate notochaetae present or absent. First pair of branchiae starting on any thoracic chaetiger from 2 to 23, branchial bases widely separated mid-dorsally. Thoracic neuropodia with 0–2 podal papillae; subpodal papillae and interramal cirri absent.</p><p>close-up of lower part with hooks and capillaries; G. Abdominal parapodia; H. Abdominal neuropodia. Naineris grubei australis Hartman, 1957</p><p>(Figs 9–11, 12 D)</p><p>Naineris grubei australis Hartman, 1957: 303 –304, pl. 39, figs 1–4.</p><p>Naineris grubei australis .— Day 1977: 238; Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979: 761; Hartmann-Schröder 1980: 66.</p><p>between bases of branchiae; G. Close-up view of abdomen, note ciliated ridge (cr) and dorsal organs (do).</p><p>Material examined. AM W.44763, MI QLD 2429 (photographed); AM W.44763.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.44038, MI QLD 2340 (photographed, juvenile).</p><p>grubei australis (?), juvenile. Photo: Alexander Semenov.</p><p>Description. Body long, cylindrical, thorax slightly flattened (Fig. 9 A, B). Prostomium broad rectangular.</p><p>Thorax 1.6 mm wide for 43 thoracic chaetigers. Branchiae from chaetiger 6, well developed from beginning, triangular with narrow slender tips; in posterior thorax and abdomen becoming longer than notopodia (Figs 9 A, C, G, 10A, B, F); on each segment two branchiae widely separated mid-dorsally and connected by raised ciliated ridge (Fig. 10 F, G). Postchaetal parapodial lobes developed from chaetiger 1. Thoracic notopodial lobes triangular with narrow slender tips, in abdomen narrow digitiform (Figs 9 D, G, 10A, F). Thoracic neuropodial lobes represented by postchaetal ridge with round or elongated papilla; in anterior thorax papilla located in middle of ridge, in middle and posterior part shifted dorsally (Figs 9 C–F, 10A). Abdominal neuropodia with long triangular outer lobe and reduced round inner lobe, supported by 3–5 aciculae (Figs 9 G, H, 10B). No subpodal flange, interramal cirri, subpodal or stomach papillae. Dorsal organs represented by five pairs of ciliated spots in each segment (Fig. 10 G). All notochaetae crenulate capillaries, in both thorax and abdomen. Thoracic neurochaetae of three kinds: capillaries, subuluncini with thick base and sharply tapering tips, and straight, hooded hooks located mostly in lower part of neuropodia (Figs 9 D–F, 10A, C, D). Abdominal neuropodial lobes supported by 3–4 projecting straight serrated aciculae (Figs 9 H, 10E). Posterior end unknown.</p><p>Juvenile specimen (Fig. 11 A–C) similar to the description above in prostomial shape, segment of branchiae start, shape of branchiae and podial lobes. It has only 18 thoracic chaetigers, and a thoracic width of 0.8 mm, and most probably belongs to the same species. Colouration in life white, pale yellowish, with brown dots (statocysts) near bases of each branchia in thorax (Fig. 12 D).</p><p>Remarks. Naineris grubei australis was described from the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia, and later was found in Victoria, New South Wales, and Western Australia (Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979; Hutchings &amp; Murray 1984; Hartmann-Schröder 1980). Specimens reported herein agree well with the previous descriptions. The present study expands the distribution of this species to Queensland.</p><p>Molecular analyses. According to sequencing data for 18S rRNA (Fig. 13) and 16S rRNA gene fragments (Fig. 14) of Naineris grubei australis, this species belongs in an unresolved clade that contains all Nainereis species and also all Phylo and Orbinia species as well as Orbiniella plumisetosa, Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata, Scoloplos normalis, Scoloplos dayi and Leodamas tribulosus . The sequencing data for the CO1 fragment (Fig. 15) indicates that Naineris grubei australis belongs in a separate group with another Naineris species and Protoaricia oerstedii; however, this group lacks support (51%).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3FFEDFFC0FF3CFE74FD68A57B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhadan, Anna;Stupnikova, Alexandra;Neretina, Tatiana	Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra, Neretina, Tatiana (2015): Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 773-801, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27
