taxonID	type	description	language	source
053B87A9B4364805FF5F669513B80B2C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Blepharoptera cineraria Loew, 1862 (by original designation).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 19)	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Crossveins r-m and upper edges of dm-m with obvious dark markings on membrane (present in both sexes), base of subcostal cell and ends of three longest longitudinal veins with dark markings (absent in female). Hind tibia (only male) with a poorly developed ventral swelling at middle (posterior view more easily observed). Cerci (only male) curved towards downward proximally, with bifurcation near base, ventral edge of bifurcation serrated. Surstylus gradually narrowed towards apex, broadly rounded at tip.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	description	Description. Male: body length 4.9 – 5.8 mm, wing length 5.2 – 6.4 mm; female: body length 5.9 – 6.1 mm, wing length 6.3 – 6.6 mm. [Holotype male, body length 5.8 mm, wing length 6.4 mm. Paratypes 1 male, same as holotype; 1 male, body length 4.9 mm, wing length 5.2 mm; 1 female, body length 5.9 mm, wing length 6.3 mm; 1 female, body length 6.1 mm, wing length 6.6 mm]. Male. Head (Figs. 2 – 4) mostly brownish orange, ocellar triangle and occiput slightly dark, gena brownish orange; eyes reddish brown. Head with gray pruinesence. Setulae and setae on head dark brown. Two pairs of fronto-orbital setae, anterior pair 1 / 3 as long as posterior pair; anterior pair thin and short, directed forward; posterior pair well-developed, perpendicular to the surface, with bent backward tip. Antenna brownish orange; pedicel with 1 dorsal seta and one row of circle setae. First flagellomere rounded, covered with velvet, 0.25 times as long as head height; arista pubescent, brownish, 3.5 times longer than first flagellomere, slightly thickened at base. Proboscis brownish yellow with one pair of vibrissae well developed and one row of well arranged setae on oral margin; setulae on proboscis brownish yellow. Palpus brownish yellow; subapical setae stronger than surrounding ones. Thorax (Figs. 1 – 3) mostly dark brown, mesonotum with grey pruinescence. Postpronotum and scutellum orange yellow, scutum tinged orange yellow along edges, scutellum with gradually narrowed light brown stripe running from base to central part. Setulae and setae on thorax dark brown. Postpronotum with 1 well developed postpronotal seta and 5 small setae; 1 + 3 dorsocentral setae, almost equal in length, approximately five irregular rows of acrostichal setae between them; a pair of prescutellar setae present. Scutellum rounded apically, with two pairs of scutellar setae. 1 well developed proepisternal seta, 2 very short and thin proepimeral setae half as long as proepisternal seta, and several shorter proepimeral setae. Katepisternum with 1 long seta and 6 very short and weak setae on upper edge; anepimeron and anepisternum bare. Wing (Fig. 5) nearly hyaline, slightly tinged yellowish; veins yellowish orange. Crossveins r-m and upper edges of dm-m with obvious dark markings on membrane, base of subcostal cell and ends of three longest longitudinal veins with dark markings. Costal spines well developed. Calypter and alula nearly hyaline with pale setulae. Halter pale white. Legs (Figs. 1, 6 – 7) yellow, except fore leg brownish yellow on outer and dorsal surfaces. Setulae and setae on legs dark brown. Fore femur with two irregular rows of antero-dorsal setae and one row of approximately 10 ventral setae; mid femur with 1 strong seta on proximal part; hind femur with 2 setae on proximal antero-dorsal part and one row of postero-ventral setae at middle. Fore tibia with 1 thin preapical dorsal seta; mid tibia with 1 well developed anterior apical seta and one circle of short apical setae; hind tibia with a poorly developed ventral swelling at middle (posterior view more easily observed) and 1 thin preapical dorsal seta. Tarsomere 4 of all legs slightly shorter than tarsomere 3 and 5. Abdomen almost dark brown on tergites 2 – 5 and brownish orange on sternites 2 – 5, but apically yellowish orange. Setulae and setae on abdomen dark brown. Tergite 6 small. Male genitalia (Figs. 8 – 12): Epandrium yellowish orange, with short sparse dark brown setae. Hypandrium symmetrical. Editum absent. Cerci curved downward proximally, with bifurcation near base, ventral edge of bifurcation serrated. Surstylus gradually narrowed towards apex, broadly rounded at tip. Female (Figs. 13 – 15). Ocellar triangle and posteriorly extended area brown. Anterior pair of fronto-orbital setae perpendicular to the surface. Scutellum with a pair of short fine black setae on inner surface of anterior scutellar setae (Fig. 14). Upper edge of first flagellomere near base of arista slightly tinged light brown. Ends of three longitudinal veins of wing without distinct markings. Hind tibia without swelling. Tergites 7 – 8 yellowish orange. Female genitalia (Figs. 16 – 19): Cerci yellow, symmetrical, extremely short, rounded at apex, with very short setae and long brownish yellow setulae at tip. Two spermathecae dark brown and well sclerotized (Fig. 19), one slightly compressed and spherical, other two identical in shape and grouped together, both branches encased in a transparent pale red membrane; spermathecal ducts colorless or slightly tinged with reddish brown.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂, China, Sichuan, Yajiang River [29 ° 59 ' 24.73 " N, 100 ° 54 ' 24.73 " E], 3579 m, 2019. VII. 1, Liang Wang (CAU). Paratypes: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same as holotype; 1 ♀, China, Qinghai, Tianjun, Yangkang Township [37 ° 41 ' 2.29 " N, 98 ° 38 ' 18.51 " E], 3570 m, 2021. VIII. 7, Qicheng Yang (CAU).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan, Qinghai).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is similar to the Holarctic species Acantholeria moscowa Garrett, 1925 in the hind tibia with a poorly developed ventral swelling at middle and a bifurcation on cerci, but can be distinguished from it by the following characteristics: Crossveins r-m and upper edges of dm-m with obvious dark markings on membrane (in A. moscowa, hyaline wings without infuscation); cerci with a bifurcation near base (in A. moscowa, a bifurcation at apex); surstylus gradually narrowed towards apex, broadly rounded at tip (in A. moscowa, not narrowed at middle, almost parallel, extended to apex).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4364801FF5F673410940BF5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name A. gorodkovi is in honor of Dr. Kirill Borisovich Gorodkov, a distinguished scientist who worked at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the taxonomic research of this genus.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4324803FF5F609611210D73.taxon	description	(Figs. 20 – 30)	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4324803FF5F609611210D73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hind femur with 4 short strong ventral setae at base, without other special setae. Hind tibia normal, without obvious swelling.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4324803FF5F609611210D73.taxon	description	Redescription. Male: body length 6.4 mm, wing length 6.1 mm [Observation specimen, 1 male]. Male. Head (Figs. 20 – 23) brownish orange, frons dark orange and area adjacent to ocellar triangle dark reddish orange, ocellar triangle and occiput brown, with area behind posterior fronto-orbital setae dark brown, gena dark orange; eyes reddish brown. Head with gray pruinesence. Setulae and setae on head dark brown. Anterior pair of fronto-orbital setae thin and short, pointed outward; posterior pair broken. Antenna dark orange, first flagellomere round with brownish velvet, 0.20 times as long as head height; pedicel with one row of circle setae; arista pubescent, brownish, 6.0 times longer than first flagellomere, slightly thickened at base. Proboscis brownish yellow with one pair of vibrissae well developed and one row of well arranged setae on oral margin; setulae on proboscis brownish yellow. Palpus brownish yellow; subapical setae stronger than surrounding ones, with slightly long setae at middle. Thorax (Figs. 20 – 23) dark brown, mesonotum with grey pruinescence. Scutum without obvious stripe. Scutellum rounded with same color as scutum, gradually transitioned to light yellowish orange from middle to apex. Setulae and setae on thorax dark brown. Postpronotum with 1 well developed seta and 9 short setae; 1 + 3 dorsocentral setae, almost equal in length, with approximately five rows of acrostichal setae between them, central row neatly arranged and densely packed in straight line, while two irregular rows on both side; a pair of prescutellar setae present. Propleuron with 1 well developed proepisternal seta and 3 very weak proepimeral setae; katepisternum with 1 long seta and 6 very short and weak setae on upper edge; anepimeron and anepisternum bare. Scutellum with two pairs of scutellar setae. Wing (Fig. 24) nearly hyaline, slightly tinged yellowish; veins yellowish orange. Crossveins r-m and dm-m without obvious dark markings on membrane. Costal spines well developed. Calypter and alula nearly hyaline with pale setulae. Halter white with halter stem slightly tinged brownish white. Legs (Fig. 25) yellowish orange, except fore leg brownish yellow on outer and dorsal surfaces. Setulae and setae on legs dark brown. Fore femur with two irregular rows of antero-dorsal setae and one row of approximately 10 ventral setae; mid femur with 3 neatly arranged subapical anterior setae; hind femur with 3 subapical antero-dorsal setae and 4 short strong ventral setae at base, without other special setae. Fore tibia with 1 thin preapical dorsal seta; mid tibia with 1 well developed apical anterior seta and a circle of very robust apical setae (except posterior surface); hind tibia normal, without obvious swelling, with 1 thin preapical dorsal seta. Tarsomere 4 of all legs slightly shorter than tarsomere 3 and 5. Abdomen almost dark brown on tergites 2 – 5 and brownish orange on sternites 2 – 5, but terminalia yellowish orange. Setulae and setae on abdomen dark brown. Tergite 6 small. Male genitalia (Figs. 26 – 30): Epandrium yellowish orange, with sparse dark brown setae. Hypandrium symmetrical. Editum absent. Surstylus trapezoidal with rounded apex. Cerci symmetrical, curved downward, apically rounded, with slightly swollen apex. Female. Unknown.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4324803FF5F609611210D73.taxon	materials_examined	Observed material. 1 ♂, China, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Daqingshan Mountain [40 ° 54 ' 34.76 " N, 111 ° 12 ' 49.30 " E], 1921 m, 2020. VII. 15, Xiaodong Cai (CAU).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B4324803FF5F609611210D73.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia); Mongolia; Russia.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B43E480DFF5F63FB102D0DC3.taxon	description	(Figs. 31 – 32)	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B43E480DFF5F63FB102D0DC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hind tibia with slender twig-like ventral projections. Cerci (only male) strongly curved, hook-shaped, forming an arc of more than 90 °	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B43E480DFF5F63FB102D0DC3.taxon	materials_examined	Observed material. 1 ♂, China, Qinghai, Qilian, Binggou [40 ° 54 ' 34.76 " N, 111 ° 12 ' 49.30 " E], 3079 m, 2021. VIII. 5, Qicheng Yang (CAU).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B43E480DFF5F63FB102D0DC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Qinghai).	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B43E480DFF5F63FB102D0DC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type locality of the species is in Qinghai, China. The observed specimen was collected from the same locality. Previous literature did not include photographs, with only Gorodkov (1966) publication featuring detailed drawings of the male and female genitalia, but no photographs of the adult insect. Therefore, this paper includes photographs of the adult insect.	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
053B87A9B43D480FFF5F617217ED0884.taxon	description	(only males, modified from Gorodkov, 1966)	en	Zeng, Wei, Chen, Bing, Yang, Ding (2025): Description of a new species and a new record of the genus Acantholeria (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in China. Zootaxa 5679 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.2.5
