identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
25AC9402D4FC554E85AF87CCFB03AA27.text	25AC9402D4FC554E85AF87CCFB03AA27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudigraphis nigricans (Miyosi 1947)	<div><p>Eudigraphis nigricans (Miyosi, 1947)</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Monographis takakuwai nigricans Miyoshi, 1947: 7; Takashima and Haga 1950: 23, fig. 2.</p><p>Eudigraphis takakuwai nigricans: Ishii 1988: 957, figs 10, 11; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and Geoffroy 2003: 99; Mimizu Club and Minagoshi 2013: 44, 3 photos; Kawano 2017: 14, figs 1–12.</p><p>Eudigraphis nigricans: Ishii and Tamura (1995) described this species on page 233; Ishii (1999) further discussed it on page 212; Ishii (2002) provided additional information on page 289; Karasawa et al. (2020) recently reviewed the species on page 94 and presented an illustration in figure 4 D.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • 4 ♂ 2 ♀; Zhejiang, Hangzhou, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.23444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.23444/lat 30.399445)">West Lake</a>; 30°23'58"N, 120°14'04"E; 23 April 2024; Y. D. Wang leg.; GenBank: PQ 141065; CBF CZHZS 3 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Ground color of body pale yellowish-brown in dorsal view, but head black. Body dorsally with a pair of belt-like dark brown markings that run slightly off from both of the rims of each segment of body. Antennal article VI has 3 thick basiconic sensilla, and article VII has 2 thick basiconic sensilla.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 3.4 mm, caudal bundle 0.5 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 2 A): Eyes comprising 8 ommatidia. The posterior vertex possesses one pair of tufts each arranged in two rows; each anterior row consists of 13 trichomes, and the posterior row consists of 4 (Fig. 2 A). Trichomes are depicted in Fig. 2 J. Trichobothria are equal in size and arranged in an isosceles triangle formation (Fig. 2 A). The gnathochilarium’s lateral palps are twice the length of the medial palp. Lateral palps with 13 sensilla, medial palp with 20 sensilla (Fig. 2 F). The labrum’s anterior margin is granulated and armed with 3 + 3 lamellar teeth, and the clypeo-labrum with 6 + 6 setae (Fig. 2 E).</p><p>Antennae: Long antennae with proportions of antennal articles as depicted in Fig. 2 G. Antennal article VIII with 4 sensory cones, while article VI with 3 thick basiconic sensilla (Fig. 2 I); article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla (Fig. 2 H).</p><p>Trunk: Collum with one pair of tufts, each consisting of 44 trichomes, lateral protuberance of collum with 5 trichomes in a row (Fig. 2 B). Tergite II, with one pair of tufts each consisting of 45 trichomes (Fig. 2 C) connected by a continuous posterior row of trichomes. Tergite III, with one pair of tufts each composed of 52 trichomes (Fig. 2 D) and connected by a continuous posterior row of trichomes. Tergites II – X have the same pattern of trichome insertions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 2 K): Trochanter, post-femur, tibia, and tarsus I lack setae. Prefemur and femur each with 1 seta (Fig. 2 L), coxa I with 1 seta, coxae II – XII with 3–4 setae, coxa XIII with 2 setae, small setiform hair on tarsus II shorter than telotarsus (Fig. 2 M). Telotarus is composed of a posterior process, almost as long as the claw, lamella process and a setiform process are present (Fig. 2 N).</p><p>Telson: Dorso-medial trichomes on each side consist of 5 sockets of trichome a 1–5, a single trichome b, and three large protruding base sockets of trichome c 1–3 (Fig. 2 P). Beneath these, there are two bundles of caudal trichomes separated by a very narrow gap. The telson trichomes exist in two forms: those with hooks and those without hooks. The hooked trichomes most commonly with 2–4 hooks (Fig. 2 O).</p><p>Male. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 3.2 mm, caudal bundle 0.47 mm. Lateral palps with 13 sensilla, medial palp with 21 sensilla. The anterior margin of the labrum is granulated; the clypeo-labrum with 6 + 6 setae. The collum features one pair of tufts consisting of 41 trichomes each. Tergites II and III with one pair of tufts comprised of 42 or 50 trichomes. Coxa I with 1 seta, coxae II – X with 3–4 setae, coxae XI – XII with 2 setae, and coxa XIII with 1 seta. The dorso-medial trichomes on each side are composed of trichomes a 1–4, b, and c 1–3.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Zhejiang), Japan.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species closely resembles Eudigraphis takakuwai Miyosi, 1947, but differs in possessing a black head.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/25AC9402D4FC554E85AF87CCFB03AA27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
C25987067F565C1E8502EBB6260461EC.text	C25987067F565C1E8502EBB6260461EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudigraphis Silvestri 1948	<div><p>Genus Eudigraphis Silvestri, 1948</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Eudigraphis japonica Silvestri, 1948 .</p><p>Genus diagnosis.</p><p>Adults with 13 pairs of legs and 8 ommatidia on each side. Dorso-medial (ornamental) barbate trichomes in one or two rows arranged transversely dorsal and anterior to the penicil of the telson. A small setiform hair with a round base is present on Tarsus II. Eudigraphis can be recognized by the presence of tergal trichomes in two lateral clusters plus an uninterrupted single posterior transverse row (Silvestri 1948).</p><p>Included species.</p><p>Eudigraphis takakuwai (Miyosi, 1947), E. nigricans (Miyosi, 1947), E. kinutensis (Haga, 1950), E. sinensis Ishii &amp; Liang, 1990, E. taiwaniensis Ishii, 1990, E. xishuangbanna Ishii &amp; Yin, 2000 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C25987067F565C1E8502EBB6260461EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
BC1A1BB66BF654D39509FAC733832D70.text	BC1A1BB66BF654D39509FAC733832D70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudigraphis sinensis Ishii & Liang 1990	<div><p>Eudigraphis sinensis Ishii &amp; Liang, 1990</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • 3 ♂ 5 ♀; Zhejiang, Hangzhou, West Lake; 30°24'60"N, 120 ° 13 ' 72 " E; 23 April 2024; Y. D. Wang leg.; GenBank: PQ 142931; CBF CZHZS 1; • 4 ♂ 3 ♀; Jiangsu, Nanjing, Zhongshan Mountain National Park; 32°08'47"N, 118 ° 84 ' 38 " E; 12 April 2024; leg. Y. D. Wang leg.; GenBank: PQ 142932; CBF CZNJS 1 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anterior margin of the labrum is not granulated and is equipped with 3 + 3 lamellar teeth on the anterior margin. Oval bases of setae on coxa, prefemur, and femur of each leg with some long spines at apex. Antennal article VI with 3 thick basiconic sensilla, 1 setiform sensillum, and 1 conical sensillum; article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla, 1 setiform sensillum, and 1 conical sensillum.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 2.8 mm, caudal bundle 0.45 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 3 A): Eyes comprising 8 ommatidia. The posterior vertex possesses one pair of tufts each arranged in two rows: each anterior row comprises 12 trichomes, while the posterior row contains 10 (Fig. 3 A). The trichomes are depicted in Fig. 3 J. The trichobothria are equal in size and arranged in an isosceles triangle configuration (Fig. 3 A). The gnathochilarium’s lateral palps are twice the length of the medial palp. Lateral palps with 13 sensilla, medial palp with 22 sensilla (Fig. 3 F). The anterior margin of the labrum is not granulated and is equipped with 3 + 3 lamellar teeth on the anterior margin. The clypeo-labrum with 6 + 6 setae (Fig. 3 E).</p><p>Antennae: Long antennae with proportions of antennal articles as depicted in Fig. 3 G. Antennal article VIII with 4 sensory cones, antennal article VI with 3 thick basiconic sensilla (a, i, and p), 1 setiform sensillum (s) situated between a and i, and 1 conical sensillum (c) behind p (Fig. 3 I); article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla of a and p, 1 setiform sensillum (s) located between a and p, and 1 conical sensillum (c) behind p (Fig. 3 H).</p><p>Trunk: Collum with one pair of tufts, each consisting of 35 trichomes, lateral protuberance of collum with 6 trichomes in a row (Fig. 3 B). Tergites II, with one pair of tufts each consisting of 45 trichomes (Fig. 3 C) connected by a continuous posterior row of trichomes. Tergites III, with one pair of tufts each composed of 40 trichomes (Fig. 3 D) and connected by a continuous posterior row of trichomes. Tergites II – X exhibit a consistent pattern of trichome insertions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 3 K): Trochanter, post-femur, tibia, and tarsus I lack setae. Prefemur and femur each with 1 seta, coxa I with 1 seta, coxa II with 2 or 3 setae, coxae III – XII with 3 setae, coxa XIII with 1 seta (Fig. 3 L), oval bases of setae on coxa, prefemur, and femur of each leg with some long spines at apex. Small setiform hair on tarsus II shorter than telotarsus (Fig. 3 M). Telotarsus is composed of an anterior process, with an enlarged base, almost as long as the claw. Lamella process and a posterior process are present (Fig. 3 N).</p><p>Telson: Dorso-medial trichomes on each side consist of 10 sockets of trichome a 1–10, a single trichome b, and three large protruding base sockets of trichome c 1–3 (Fig. 3 P). Two bundles of caudal trichomes are located beneath with a very narrow gap. The telson trichomes are of two types: those with hooks and those without hooks. The hooked trichomes of the caudal bundles most commonly possess 1–5 hooks (Fig. 3 O).</p><p>Male. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 2.5 mm, caudal bundle 0.4 mm. Lateral palps with 13 sensilla, medial palp with 21 sensilla. The anterior margin of the labrum is not granulated and is armed with 3 + 3 lamellar teeth on the anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with 6 + 6 setae. Collum each with one pair of tufts consisting of 32 trichomes; tergites II and III with one pair of tufts comprised of 42 or 39 trichomes. Coxa I with 1 seta, coxa II with 2 or 3 setae, coxae III – X with 3 setae, coxae XI – XII with 2 setae, coxa XIII with 1 seta.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Zhejiang, Jiangsu).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species closely resembles Eudigraphis kinutensis Haga, 1950, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the presence of 3 + 3 lamellar teeth on the anterior margin of the labrum (2 + 2 in E. kinutensis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC1A1BB66BF654D39509FAC733832D70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
048E04C193B357A2A3F51D94CFF4DD5A.text	048E04C193B357A2A3F51D94CFF4DD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoturus Brolemann 1931	<div><p>Genus Lophoturus Brolemann, 1931</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Lophoturus obscurus Brolemann, 1931 .</p><p>Genus diagnosis.</p><p>Ommatidia absent. Antennal segment VIII is equal to segment VII. It is characterized by 0 to 4 pairs of linguiform processes on each side of median cleft of labrum and antennal article VI with 3 thick sensilla (Ishii et al. 1999).</p><p>Included species.</p><p>Lophoturus adisi Ishii, Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin &amp; Condé, 1999, L. aequatus (Loomis, 1936), L. anisorhabdus (Condé &amp; Terver, 1964), L. boondallus Huynh &amp; Veenstra, 2018, L. crassipes Condé &amp; Terver, 1979, L. danhomenou (Brolemann, 1926), L. difficilis (Condé &amp; Jacquemin, 1963), L. drifti (Condé &amp; Terver, 1964), L. fluctuans (Condé &amp; Terver, 1964), L. guineensis (Silvestri, 1948), L. hesperius (Condé &amp; Terver, 1963), L. humphreysi Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 2014, L. jianshuiensis Ishii &amp; Yin, 2000, L. judsoni Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 2002, L. longisetis (Pocock, 1894), L. scopiger Condé &amp; Terver, 1979, L. madecassus (Marquet &amp; Condé, 1950), L. monserratensis Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 2002, L. molloyensis Huynh &amp; Veenstra, 2018, L. niveus (Loomis, 1934), L. obscurus (Brolemann, 1931), L. catalai (Condé &amp; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1977), L. O. kurtchevae Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin &amp; Condé, 1982, L. tongae (Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin &amp; Condé, 1982), L. okinawai (Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin &amp; Condé, 1982), L. peruanus (Silvestri, 1949), L. quebradanus (Chamberlin, 1955), L. porchi Huynh &amp; Veenstra, 2020, L. queenslandicus (Verhoeff, 1924), L. speophilus Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 2014, L. sturmi Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 2002, L. sineprocessus sp. nov., L. vicarius Condé &amp; Terver, 1979 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/048E04C193B357A2A3F51D94CFF4DD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
46A86B97F43153A89AA3AD20F5421397.text	46A86B97F43153A89AA3AD20F5421397.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoturus sineprocessus Wang & Jin & Gao & Wang & Dong 2025	<div><p>Lophoturus sineprocessus sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Menglai Rainforest Health Theme Park; 21 ° 96 ' 63 " N, 100 ° 80 ' 55 " E; 20 August 2023; Y. D. Wang leg.; GenBank: PQ 142933. CBF CZYNS 1 . Paratype: • 1 ♂, same data as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Number of trichomes: posterior vertex: 28–36, collum: 76–84, lateral protuberance of collum: 6, tergite II: 82–88, tergite III: 80–84. Antennal article VI with 3 thick basiconic sensilla and 1 conical sensillum; article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla. Dorso-medial trichomes on each side consist of 6 sockets of trichome a, a single trichome b, and two large protruding base sockets of trichome c: c 1 and c 3. No linguiform processes on the labrum.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 2.0 mm, caudal bundle 0.38 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 5 A): Ommatidia absent. The posterior vertex has one pair of tufts arranged in two rows, with the anterior row consisting of 14 trichomes and the posterior row of 4 (Fig. 5 A). Trichomes are depicted in Fig. 5 J. Three trichobothria are arranged in an isosceles triangle, trichobothria a and b have typically thin sensory hairs with narrow cylindrical funicles compared to trichobothrium c, with a claviform funicle (Fig. 5 A). The gnathochilarium is typical of Lophoproctidae, featuring a single medial palp with 18 sensilla (Fig. 5 F). The clypeo-labrum possesses 4 + 1 + 4 setae and lacks linguiform processes on each side of the median cleft of the labrum (Fig. 5 E).</p><p>Antennae: Long antennae with proportions of antennal articles as depicted in Fig. 5 G. Antennal article VIII with 4 sensory cones; antennal article VI with 3 thick basiconic sensilla (a, i, and p) and 1 conical sensillum (c) (Fig. 5 I); article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla (Fig. 5 H).</p><p>Trunk: Collum, each with one pair of tufts consisting of 42 trichomes, lateral protuberance of collum with 6 trichomes in a row (Fig. 5 B). Tergite II, each with one pair of tufts consisting of 44 trichomes (Fig. 5 C). Tergite III, each with one pair of tufts consisting of 42 trichomes (Fig. 5 D). Tergites II – X exhibit consistent patterns of trichome insertions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 5 K): Trochanter, post-femur, tibia, and tarsus I lack setae. Prefemur and femur each with 1 seta, coxa I with 1–2 setae, coxae II – XIII with 3–4 setae (Fig. 5 L), spine on tarsus II slightly shorter than telotarsus (Fig. 5 M). The telotarsus with two latero-dorsal denticles, a claw, and a small denticle (Fig. 5 N).</p><p>Telson: Dorso-medial trichomes on each side with 6 sockets of trichome a, a single trichome b, and two large protruding base sockets of trichome c: c 1 and c 3 (Fig. 5 P, the absence of c 2 is characteristic of Lophoproctidae species). Two bundles of caudal trichomes are unseparated. The telson trichomes are of two types, both exhibiting barbs (Fig. 5 O).</p><p>Male. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 1.8 mm, caudal bundle 0.3 mm. The posterior vertex possesses one pair of tufts arranged in two rows, with the anterior row consisting of 12 trichomes and the posterior row containing 2 trichomes. The gnathochilarium features 32 sensilla. The collum exhibits one pair of tufts, each consisting of 38 trichomes. Tergites II and III each bear one pair of tufts comprising 41 or 40 trichomes, respectively. Coxa I with 2 setae, coxa II with 3 setae, coxae III – VII with 4 setae, coxae VIII – XII with 2–3 setae, coxa XIII with no seta.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is derived from the absence of linguiform processes on each side of the median cleft of the labrum, a distinctive characteristic of the species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species resembles Lophoturus jianshuiensis Ishii &amp; Yin, 2000 but differs in the following aspects: absence of linguiform processes on each side of the median cleft of the labrum ( L. jianshuiensis has 1 pair of linguiform processes), female gnathochilarium with 18 sensilla (30 or 31 sensilla), dorso-medial trichomes on each side with 6 sockets of trichome a (5 sockets of trichome a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/46A86B97F43153A89AA3AD20F5421397	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
E5A4E1BC703553B29916C0DEE0B2F0B2.text	E5A4E1BC703553B29916C0DEE0B2F0B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyxenus hangzhoensis Ishii & Liang 1990	<div><p>Polyxenus hangzhoensis Ishii &amp; Liang, 1990</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • 3 ♂ 4 ♀; Anhui, Chuzhou, Langya Mountain; 32 ° 27 ' 67 " N, 118°30'01"E; 12 Mar. 2024; Y. D. Wang leg.; GenBank: PQ 142930; CBF CZCZS 1 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Five ommatidia in each eye. Number of trichomes: posterior vertex, 47–48; collum, 54–55; collum’s lateral protuberance, 4–5; tergite II, 56–62; tergite III, 60–64. Four dorso-medial trichomes on the head, posterior vertex comprising 2 complete rows of trichomes with no medial gap. Antennal article VI with 2 thick basiconic sensilla, 1 setiform sensillum, and 6 thin basiconic sensilla. Antennal article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla, 1 setiform sensillum, 4 thin basiconic sensilla, and 1 conical sensillum.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: Body length 2.08 mm, caudal bundle 0.25 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 4 A): Eye consisting of 5 ommatidia. Trichomes on the posterior vertex are arranged in 2 rows with no medial gap: the anterior row consists of 26 trichomes, and the posterior row comprises 20 trichomes. Additionally, 4 trichomes are arranged transversely in a dorso-medial position (Fig. 4 A). The head features two types of trichomes (Fig. 4 J). Three trichobothria are positioned in an equilateral triangle, with the trichobothrium furthest from the ommatidia being slightly smaller than the other two (Fig. 4 A). The gnathochilarium possesses lateral palps that are 2.2 times the length of the medial palp. Lateral palps with 9 sensilla, medial palp with 17 sensilla (Fig. 4 F). The anterior margin of the labrum is granulated and armed with 5 + 5 lamellar teeth. The clypeo-labrum is equipped with 8 setae (Fig. 4 E).</p><p>Antennae: Long antennae with proportions of antennal articles as depicted in Fig. 4 G. Antennal article VIII with 4 sensory cones, antennal article VI with 2 thick basiconic sensilla (anterior, a, and posterior, p); 1 setiform sensillum (s) between a and p, 6 thin basiconic sensilla behind p (Fig. 4 I). Antennal article VII with 2 thick basiconic sensilla (a and p), 1 setiform sensillum (s) between a and p, 4 thin basiconic sensilla in front of p, and 1 conical sensillum (c) behind a (Fig. 4 H).</p><p>Trunk: Tergal trichomes, including those on the collum, are arranged in a circular pattern. Collum with 54 trichomes, lateral protuberance of collum with 5 trichomes in a row (Fig. 4 B). Tergite II with 56 trichomes (Fig. 4 C). Tergite III with 60 trichomes (Fig. 4 D). Tergites II – X have the same pattern of trichome insertions.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 4 K): Coxa I with no seta, coxa II with 2 setae, coxae III – XIII with no seta, prefemur and femur with one seta (Fig. 4 M), trochanter, post-femur, and tarsus I with no seta. The spine on tarsus II is far shorter than the setae on the prefemur and femur (Fig. 4 L). There is a very small seta on the tibia (Fig. 4 N). The telotarsus consists of an anterior process with an enlarged base, nearly equaling the length of the claw. Both a lamella process and a small posterior process are present (Fig. 4 O).</p><p>Telson: The telson possesses 54 (27 + 27) dorso-medial trichomes in the caudal penicil (Fig. 4 Q), arranged in two bundles separated by a gap. The caudal bundles consist of two types of trichomes, with the hooked trichomes having an apical lobed hook typical of Polyxenus (Fig. 4 P).</p><p>Male. With 13 pairs of legs. Measurements: body length 1.9 mm, caudal bundle 0.22 mm. Posterior vertex with 48 trichomes, Collum with 55 trichomes, and tergites II and III with 62 and 64 trichomes. Coxa I with 1 seta, coxa II with 2 setae, coxae III – XIII with no seta. The caudal penicil comprises 48 (24 + 24) dorso-medial trichomes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Zhejiang, Anhui).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species closely resembles Polyxenus shinoharai Ishii, 1983 but differs in the number of trichomes present: the posterior vertex has 47 or 48 (40 or 41 in P. shinoharai), the collum with 54 or 55 (41 or 42), the lateral protuberance of the collum bears 4 or 5 (3), tergite II exhibits 56–62 (41 or 43), and tergite III displays 60–64 (42 or 46), antennal article VI with 6 thin basiconic sensilla (7 in P. shinoharai).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5A4E1BC703553B29916C0DEE0B2F0B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
DEF6B9EE604D5383A53BF775B81F3B7C.text	DEF6B9EE604D5383A53BF775B81F3B7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyxenus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Genus Polyxenus Latreille, 1802</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Polyxenus lagurus Linnaeus, 1758 .</p><p>Genus diagnosis.</p><p>Adults with 13 pairs of legs, ommatidia are typically present, although they may be absent in certain species. A fan of barbate trichomes is situated dorso-medially, anterior to the penicil. The two bundles of trichomes that form the caudal penicil are widely separated. Polyxenus can be recognized by the presence of two rows of trichomes on each tergite.</p><p>Included species.</p><p>Polyxenus albus Pocock, 1894, P. anacapensis Pierce, 1940, P. anophthalius Ishii &amp; Yin, 2000, P. caudatus Menge, 1854, P. chalcidicus Condé &amp; Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1971, P. chilensis Silvestri, 1903, P. colurus Menge, 1854, P. conformis Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854, P. fasciculatus Say, 1821, P. hangzhoensis Ishii &amp; Liang, 1990, P. hawaiiensis Silvestri, 1904, P. koreanus Ishii &amp; Choi, 1988, P. lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758), P. lapidicola Silvestri, 1903, P. lankaranensis Short, 2020, P. lepagei Mello-Leitão, 1925, P. lophurus Menge, 1854, P. macedonicus Verhoeff, 1952, P. miocenica Srivastava, 2006, P. oromii Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1996, P. ovalis Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854, P. paraguayensis Silvestri, 1903, P. platensis Silvestri, 1903, P. pugetensis Kincaid, 1898, P. rossi Chamberlin, 1957, P. senex Mello-Leitão, 1925, P. shinoharai Ishii, 1983, P. superbus Silvestri, 1903, P. triocellatus Ishii &amp; Yin, 2000, P. tuberculatus Pierce, 1940 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEF6B9EE604D5383A53BF775B81F3B7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Yadong;Jin, Ai;Gao, Shichen;Wang, Jiajia;Dong, Yan	Wang, Yadong, Jin, Ai, Gao, Shichen, Wang, Jiajia, Dong, Yan (2025): Descriptions of four species of Polyxenida Verhoeff, 1934 (Diplopoda, Penicillata) from China, including one new species and one new record. ZooKeys 1223: 149-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.135808
