taxonID	type	description	language	source
047387C6242FFFE3B6B149B3C21AFBE0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. — Glyphdrilus weberi Horst, 1889, monotypy	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242FFFE0B6D24ED7C589FCC4.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 2, 3 A, D, 4)	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242FFFE0B6D24ED7C589FCC4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. — Holotype: One adult (CUMZ 3215), Thailand, bank of Mekong River at Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani Province (15 ° 18 ' 57.1 " N, 105 ° 30 ' 43.9 " E), 101 m in elevation, coll. S. Panha, R. Chanabun, P. Tongkerd, C. Sutcharit & U. Bantaowong, 6 Nov. 2010. 21 paratypes: 15 adults (CUMZ 3216), 3 adults (ZMH), 3 adults (NHM), and 2 adults (ZRC), same collection data as for holotype.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242FFFE0B6D24ED7C589FCC4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Glyphidrilus mekongensis, new species, medium to large sized semi-aquatic freshwater earthworm with distinct expanded tissues of clitellar wing organs on the lateral sides of the body in 24 – 34. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings present in 23. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9 – 12, with the pair in segment 12 largest. Intestinal origin in 17. Ovaries in 13 – 14. Prostate and accessory glands and spermathecae absent.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242FFFE0B6D24ED7C589FCC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — This new species is named after the Mekong River, an international river. The locality is a part of this famous river and for this is the first time of this worm genus ever recorded from this river.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242FFFE0B6D24ED7C589FCC4.taxon	description	Description of holotype. — Dimensions: 132 mm body length by 2.9 mm at the anterior body region in segment 8 and 3.1 mm before the clitellar wings in segment 18, 3.6 mm after wings in segment 40 within the clitellum, body cylindrical in the anterior part but quadrangular in transverse section view after clitellum, with 228 segments. The body is pale brown with variation from red to pink colouration at adjacent tissues of the so called wing portion in different individuals of newly collected specimens after placement in 30 % ethanol for narcotization. Dorsal surface considerably broader than the ventral at the posterior end. The clitellar wings on ventro-lateral part of the clitellum in 24 – 34, 8.5 mm long, and about 0.6 mm wide on both sides. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular shape in 19 – 38. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2, setae formula aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 2.9: 1.0: 1.8: 1.9: 2.3 in 8. Female pores, male pores, and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: paired between b and c in 23. Septa 5 / 6 – 8 / 9 thicker, 9 / 10 – 14 / 15 thick, and 15 / 16 to the last segment thin. Gizzard small, globular within 8. Intestine enlarged from 15. Dorsal blood vessel aborted anterior to 7. Hearts from 7 – 11. No nephridia distinguishable in the first 12 segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9 – 12, with the pair in segment 12 larger than the others. Ovaries in 13 – 14. Prostate and accessory glands and spermathecae absent.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242DFFE1B6AB4F74C220F955.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus papillatus differs from G. mekongensis, new species by the shorter wings in 18 – 23, 24, with a clitellum in 14 – 40. It has genital markings median unpaired on 11 – 21 and 23 – 33, median paired on 12, 17, 18 – 20, 24 – 29, lateral paired on 12 – 18. Its intestinal origin is in 15, and spermathecae are in 14 – 17 (Table 2).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242DFFE7B6894D64C3A5FC07.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 B, 5)	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242DFFE7B6894D64C3A5FC07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. — Holotype from ZMH annelid reference collections (ZMH V 5875, Fig. 5 A, B). Additional records: 110 adults and 257 juveniles (CUMZ 3219, Fig. 5 C), Sungei Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia, 6 ° 0 ' 44.1 " N, 102 ° 10 ' 58.2 " E, 24 m in elevation (27 May 2011). 17 adults and 11 juveniles (CUMZ 3220, Fig. 5 D), Sungei Berkoh, Johor, Malaysia, 2 ° 7 ' 11.1 " N, 103 ° 2 ' 24.9 " E, 35 m in elevation (21 May 2011). 65 adults and 41 juveniles (CUMZ 3218, Figs. 3 B, 5 E), Tok Bok Hotspring, Kelantan, Malaysia, 5 ° 50 ' 19.4 " N, 102 ° 13 ' 50.3 " E, 36 m in elevation (26 May 2011).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242DFFE7B6894D64C3A5FC07.taxon	description	Description. — Dimensions: 52 – 91 mm body length by 1.4 – 2.5 mm in the anterior body region, body cylindrical in the anterior part but quadrangular in transverse section after clitellum, with 192 – 313 segments. The body colour is pale brown. Dorsal surface considerably broader than ventral at the posterior end. The clitellar wings on ventro-lateral part of the clitellum in ¾ 18, 18 – 21, ½ 22, with 2.1 – 2.6 mm long, and 0.5 – 1.2 mm wide on both sides. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular shape from 15, 16, 17 – 23, 24, 25. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2. Female pores, male pores, and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: lateral series paired or asymmetrical, between line b and c in 13 – 15; lateral series paired or asymmetrical, lateral to line b in 16, 17, 22, 23; unpaired median series between aa in 12 – 16, 22 – 25. Septa 4 / 5 – 8 / 9 thick, 9 / 10 – 14 / 15 moderately thick, and extremely thin from 15 / 16 to the end. Gizzard globular in 8. Intestine enlarged from 16. Hearts from 9 – 11. No nephridia distinguishable in the first 13 segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9 – 12, with the pair in 12 longest, parallel with intestine and extending to 15, 16 or 17. Ovaries in 13. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Spermathecae sessile, globular, 0.2 – 0.3 mm in diameter, on segments 14 / 15 – 16 / 17, two to three on each side per segment. Habitat. — Found on the shore but in proximity to the river water, in the sandy mud topsoil and also under the water at a depth of about 10 cm. The river bank soil surface was covered with worm casts at Sungei Berkoh and Tok Bok Hotspring. Also found in the sandy clay in Sungei Kelantan.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242DFFE7B6894D64C3A5FC07.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus malayanus from Malay Peninsula: Lubock Paku, Pahang River, Malaysia has clitellum in 15 – 25, wings in ¾ 18 – ½ 22, and the absence of median genital markings. The specimens collected from Sungei Berkoh, Tok Bok Hotspring, and Sungei Kelantan in this study were slightly different from the type specimen. The positions of the clitellum and wings of the additional specimens are slightly different from the wings location of the type specimen by one or two segments, and median genital markings were present in these specimens. Most of the morphological characteristics are quite similar to the holotype specimen. The smaller size is the only distinct character noticed. We added up our own drawings of the holotype shown in Fig. 5 A, B, and of other specimens collected from different localities in Fig. 5 C – E, and also the colour picture in Fig. 3 B.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242BFFE7B69749B2C26EFAFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus birmanicus differs from G. mekongensis, new species by the shorter wings in 21 – 29 but the clitellum is much longer in 12, 13 – 43, 44. The genital markings are on setal line b in 12, 13 – 21, 22, 23, 26 and 29, 30 – 31, 33 or 34. The intestinal origin is in 15, and the spermathecae are in 13 / 14 – 17 / 18 (Table 2).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242BFFE7B67C4FD9C210F918.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus yunnanensis differs from G. mekongensis, new species by the wing locations in 22 – 32, with clitellum location in 18 – 38, the intestinal origin in 16, genital markings paired in 18 – 21 and 32 – 34 (Table 2).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242BFFEBB6904CBFC5B8FEC5.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242BFFEBB6904CBFC5B8FEC5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. — Holotype in the ZRC of RMBR (ZRC 1974.12.2.51).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C6242BFFEBB6904CBFC5B8FEC5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus gatesi differs from G. mekongensis, new species in having shorter wings in 19 – ½ 24 and a shorter clitellum in 17 – 26, genital markings near line b in 15 on the right side only, and in 16 – 18 and 24 – 25 on both sides, and median unpaired in 13 – 19 and 24 – 27, intestinal origin in 18, three pairs of heart in 9 – 11, and spermathecae in 15 – 17.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C62427FFEBB5BB4BF4C532F80F.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 C, 7)	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C62427FFEBB5BB4BF4C532F80F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. — Holotype in the ZRC, RMBR (Fig. 7 A, B). Additional records: 10 adults (CUMZ 3217, Figs. 3 C, 7 C, D), Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore. 1 ° 21 ' 24.11 " N, 103 ° 47 ' 6.76 " E, 64 m in elevation (25 Dec. 2009).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C62427FFEBB5BB4BF4C532F80F.taxon	description	Description. — Dimensions: 101 – 143 mm body length by 4.2 – 3.8 mm at the anterior body region, body cylindrical at the anterior part but quadrangular in transverse section after clitellum, with 181 – 341 segments. The body colour pale brown. Dorsal surface considerably broader than ventral at the posterior end. The clitellar wings on ventro-lateral part of the clitellum in 21 – ½ 26, 26, 3.8 – 4.3 mm long, and 0.7 – 0.8 mm wide on both sides. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular shape from 18 – 27, ½ 28, 29, 30, 31. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: lateral series paired or appeared only one side, lateral to line b in 12 – 15, 20, 26, 27, 28; unpaired median series in 17 – 25, 28 – 30. Septa 4 / 5 – 8 / 9 thick, 9 / 10 – 14 / 15 moderately thick and extremely thin from 15 / 16 to the end. Gizzard globular in 8. Intestine enlarged from 16. Hearts from 9 – 11. No nephridia distinguishable in the first 11 segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9 – 12. Ovaries in 13 – 14, with the portion in segment 13 larger. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Spermathecae sessile, globular, 0.2 – 0.4 mm in diameter, in segments 13 / 14 – 16 / 17, one to five on each side per segment. Habitat. — Found in swamp forest at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, in the sandy loam topsoil. The soil surface was covered with organic matter and worm casts.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C62427FFEBB5BB4BF4C532F80F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus singaporensis from Jungle Fall Valley, Bukit Timah has clitellum in 18 or 19 – 27 or ½ 28, wings in 21 – ½ 26, 26, spermathecae in 15 – 17. The specimens collected from Bukit Timah Nature Reserve in this study were slightly different from the type specimen by the position of clitellum and wings, and by different numbers of spermathecae. We added up our own drawings of the holotype shown in Fig. 7 A, B, and of other topotype specimens in Fig. 7 C, D, and also the colour picture in Fig. 3 C.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C62427FFEBB6C64AF4C337FD10.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. — Holotype (CUMZ 3221) and paratypes (CUMZ 3222) in the CUMZ collections.	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
047387C62427FFEBB6C64AF4C337FD10.taxon	discussion	Remarks. — Glyphidrilus vangviengensis differs from G. mekongensis, new species by the wing locations in 24, 25 – 31, 32, with clitellum in 19, 20 – 35, 36, 37, the intestinal origin in 16, and genital markings median unpaired on aa in 12, 13 – 14, 15 and paired between b to c in 18, 19, 20, 21 – 22, 23, 24 and 33, 34 (Table 2).	en	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Bantaowong, Ueangfa, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, James, Samuel W., Panha, Somsak (2012): A New Species Of Semi-Aquatic Freshwater Earthworm Of The Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 From The Mekong River (Oligochaeta: Almidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2): 265-277, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508497
