taxonID	type	description	language	source
0B32B23C7B119F70BEF83E29FEDCFA8F.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905, by original designation (Roewer, 1959). Lycosa tasmanica is here considered a junior synonym of Tasmanicosa godeffroyi (L. Koch, 1965).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B119F70BEF83E29FEDCFA8F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The most conspicuous character of Tasmanicosa is the Union-Jack pattern of the carapace that consists of dark and light radiating lines, including an undulating line under the lateral eyes to the front of the carapace (e. g. Figs 1 A – B, D – E, H). Median and marginal light bands are present, but often poorly developed. Dingosa is the only Australian wolf spider genus in which spiders also have a Union-Jack pattern on the carapace, but males of this genus differ from those of Tasmanicosa by the heavily enlarged palea and elongated tegular apophysis of the male pedipalp (Framenau & Baehr 2007). Amongst other morphological characters, Dingosa also differs by the behaviour of constructing turrets around the entrance to the burrow, not observed in Tasmanicosa. Tasmanicosa differs from Venator by the lack of a retrolateral incision in the tegular apophysis of the male pedipalp (absent in V. immansuetus (Simon, 1909 )) and the lack of sharp lateral edges of the epigyne atrium in females (Framenau 2015). It differs from Knoelle by the lack of a large patch of apical setae on the male pedipalp cymbium (Framenau 2006 a). Tasmanicosa (with the exception of T. musgravei) differs from Hoggicosa by the shape of the epigyne, as the distance between the anterior pockets is smaller than the width of the posterior transverse part (Langlands & Framenau 2010). In addition, males of Hoggicosa have a patch of dorsally bent setae on the tip of the cymbium, which is lacking in Tasmanicosa. Tasmanicosa distinctly differs from the monotypic Tapetosa, as the spiders are not dorso-ventrally flattened and the legs are not laterigrade (Framenau et al. 2009). Tasmanicosa differs from Mainosa by a very different body colouration, i. e. the opisthosoma is not black with transverse light bars on the opisthosoma, and by the lack of turret-building behaviour around its burrow entrance (Framenau 2006 b). Tasmanicosa differs from Hogna by the shape of the male and female genitalia as Hogna ¸ as represented by its type species H. radiata (Latreille, 1817), have a very simple, triangular tegular apophysis in the male pedipalp and a simple, inverted T-shaped median septum of the female epigyne (Framenau et al. 2006), and from Costacosa in the very different shape of the tegular apophysis (Framenau & Leung 2013). Tasmanicosa differs from Venatrix and Tuberculosa by the lack of an apical cymbial hook-like macroseta in males (Framenau & Vink 2001; Framenau & Yoo 2006).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B119F70BEF83E29FEDCFA8F.taxon	description	Description. Large and robust wolf spiders, total length ca. 12.0 – 25.0 in males and ca. 14.0 – 30.0 in females. Prosoma longer than wide with rounded postero-lateral corners. Prominent Union-Jack pattern dorsally, consisting of black and light radiating lines; the most anterior line reaches under the eyes and approaches the front of the carapace. The row of the anterior eyes is slightly procurved, the PME are larger than PLE; the row of the AE slightly narrower than the row of PME; the row of PME is narrower than that of the PLE (Fig. 2 A). The labium is subquadrate, i. e. about as long as wide, and the endites about twice as long as the labium; both generally dark brown to black, sometimes with lighter anterior rim. The chelicerae are dark brown to black with an elongated patch of white, silvery, yellow or golden setae (Figs. 1 D, F; 2 A). They have three promarginal teeth, the middle largest and its base is often fused with a smaller apical one, the proximal one is more distant. They also have three large retromarginal teeth of equal size. The leg formula of males and females is IV> I> II> III. Legs are uniform greyish-brown with the coxal venter of the same colour as the sternum, generally dark brown to black, with the exception of T. semicincta with light brown sternum and ventral coxae. The femora are generally the lightest, ventral patellae and apical tibiae are often darker than the remainder of the legs. Legs I and II have entire ventral scopulae on tarsi and metatarsi, which also cover parts of the tibiae in females. Legs III and IV have scopulae on tarsi and half of metatarsi in males and all of tarsi and metatarsi in females. The sternum is generally dark brown to black, except in T. semicincta, in which it is light brown. The opisthosoma has a dorsal, dark folium pattern that is laterally bordered by light lines or patches (Figs 1 A – B, D – E, H). The venter is either uniformly dark brown to black, but this patch is often reduced in some species displaying a species-specific pattern (e. g. T. leuckartii, T. semicincta). The male pedipalp cymbium is dorsally covered with a dense layer of silvery setae. The tip of the cymbium carries ca. 2 – 10 macrosetae that are slightly bent ventrally. The tegular apophysis is directed retrolaterally (Fig. 2 B) and has a ridge of species-specific shape between its apical point and its ventral process (e. g. Figs 2 C, 6 B). The ventral process is well-developed. The length of this ridge corresponds to the length of the median septum in females (see Zyuzin, 1993 and Sadana, 1972 for a functional explanation of male and female genitalia in the Lycosinae). The embolus is long and generally sickle-shaped as characteristic for most Lycosinae (Fig. 2 D). The terminal apophysis is generally broad and sickle-shaped (Fig. 2 D) but apically modified in a number of species aiding in their identification (e. g. L. leuckartii, L. musgravei, L. gilberta) (Figs 7 F – H, 11 I – J, 15 I, 18 I). A subterminal apophysis is present and generally sickle-shaped (Fig. 2 D). The median septum of the female epigyne is inverted T-shaped, i. e. with a wide posterior transverse part (Fig. 2 E) and within this general configuration is variable between species, in particular in reference to it widening anteriorly. The spermathecal heads (Fig. 2 F) are of varying shape (i. e. spherical, elongated or kidney-shaped) and generally wider than the spermathecal stalks (Fig. 2 F). The latter are generally twisted, S-shaped or convoluted.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B119F70BEF83E29FEDCFA8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Roewer’s (1959: 351) justification of the genus Tasmanicosa was insufficient by modern taxonomic standards and did not include an accurate description of the genus. The diagnosis was limited to a single character referring to the distance between the PME (from German): “ Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905 (in the catalogue, 2 a, 240, sub Dingosa) is better assigned to a new genus (for which we here propose Tasmanicosa n. g.), which differs from Lycosella (see the following genus) in the distance between the PME which is smaller than one diameter of the PME. ” The problems associated with this poor diagnosis and much of Roewer’s taxonomic work on the Lycosidae are reflected in the fact that Lycosella Thorell, 1890 belongs to a different subfamily altogether, the Artoriinae Framenau, 2007 (Framenau 2007). The genus Tasmanicosa is here included in the subfamily Lycosinae, as it conforms to the subfamily diagnosis given by Dondale (1986), i. e. the tegular apophysis of the male pedipalp is transverse with a ventrally directed spur and has a sinuous channel on the dorsal surface. Within the Lycosinae, molecular sequence data places the genus in a Gondwanan clade, together with Hoggicosa, Knoelle and some Hogna, albeit with low support (Murphy et al. 2006). The transfer of Orthocosa semicincta (L. Koch, 1877), the type species of Orthocosa, places Orthocosa into junior synonymy of Tasmanicosa. Other non-Australian species currently listed in Orthocosa are here morphologically assessed based on their original descriptions and are here transferred to more appropriate genera (Appendix A).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A, 2 A – F, 3 M, 4 A, C, 5 A – K, 6 A, 7 E, 8)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	description	Dingosa tasmanica (Hogg). — Roewer 1955: 240.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype of Lycosa godeffroyi L. Koch. Female with eggsac, Wollongong [34 ° 25 ’ S, 150 ° 53 ’ E, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA] (Museum Godeffroy) (not examined; whereabouts unknown; see Remarks below). Holotype of Lycosa bellatrix L. Koch. Female, Sydney [33 ° 53 ’ S, 151 ° 13 ’ E, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA] (Museum Godeffroy) (not examined; whereabouts unknown; see Remarks below). Holotype of Lycosa tasmanica Hogg. Female, Table Cape [40 ° 57 ’ S, 145 ° 43 ’ E, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA], Mr Dove, 1898 (SAM NN 382) (examined). Holotype of Tarentula zualella Strand. Male, Sydney [33 ° 53 ’ S, 151 ° 13 ’ E, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA], Herborn (MWNH). Not examined, not listed in type catalogue of the MWNH (Jäger, 1998). Syntypes of Lycosa woodwardi Simon. Female, Northampton [28 ° 20 ’ S, 114 ° 37 ’ E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA]. ' Hamburger südwest-australische Forschungsreise', ' Station 71 ', 15 July 1905 (ZMH, Rack (1961) - catalogue 483); female, 3 juveniles, Beverley [32 ° 06 ’ S, 116 ° 55 ’ E Western Australia, AUSTRALIA]. ' Hamburger südwest-australische Forschungsreise', ' Station 156 ', 26 August 1905 (ZMB 11100); female, same locality, ' Hamburger südwest-australische Forschungsreise', ' Station 156 ', 26 August 1905 (MHNP 24358). 1 female, Dongara [29 ° 15 ’ S, 114 ° 55 ’ E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA]. ' Hamburger südwest-australische Forschungsreise', ' Station 83 ' (WAM 11 / 4300) (all examined). Other material examined. 742 males, 843 females (55 with eggsac) and 131 juveniles in 1,105 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of T. godeffroyi have a very short ridge of the tegular apophysis; it is less than half the width of the tegular apophysis (Fig. 3 M). Males of T. kochorum are most similar, but their ridge of the tegular apophysis reaches over half the width of the tegular apophysis (Fig 3 Q). Females resemble T. kochorum (Fig. 4 F) and T. hughjackmani (Fig. 4 E) in their epigynal structure; the former has a medially bulging median septum (bulge absent in T. godeffroyi) and the latter has a median septum that is anteriorly wider than the posterior transverse part (as wide as posterior transverse part in T. godeffroyi).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on NMV K 11547). Total length 18.2. Prosoma. Length 10.5, width 8.1; carapace dark brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and narrow light median and lateral bands (Fig. 5 A); sternum black; covered with brown setae (Fig. 5 C). Eyes (Fig. 2 A). Diameter of AME: 0.22; ALE: 0.21; PME: 0.66; PLE: 0.65. Chelicerae. Very dark brown with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally (Fig. 2 A). Labium. Dark brown with lighter anterior margin (Fig. 5 C). Endites. Dark brown, anteriorly lighter (Fig. 5 C). Legs. Uniformly greyish-brown; venter of coxae black (Fig. 5 C). Opisthosoma. Length 8.7, width 6.0; dorsally with dark brown cardiac mark that is bordered by dark lateral spots and white lines; transverse white lines and dark spots in posterior half; laterally brown, lighter towards venter (Fig. 5 A). Venter black with few silvery setae (Fig. 5 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally covered in silvery setae, tip with ca. 3 – 5 macrosetae (Figs 2 B, 5 E – F); tegular apophysis apically notched, with slightly curved short ridge (Figs 2 C, 5 J – K, 6 A); embolus sickle-shaped; terminal apophysis spatulate, slightly curved with flat, broad tip (Figs 2 D, 5 I, 7 E). Female (based on AM KS 114583). Total length 20.9. Prosoma. Length 10.0, width 6.5; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Figs 5 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.39, ALE 0.30, PME 0.73, PLE 0.69. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 10.9, width 8.3; otherwise as male, with overall lighter colouration (Figs 5 B, D). Epigyne about as long as wide, medium septum hourglass shaped, i. e. anteriorly as wide as posterior transverse part (Figs 2 E, 5 G); spermathecal heads globular, diameter much larger than diameter of spermathecal stalks (Figs 2 F, 5 H).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tasmanicosa godeffroyi was initially described by Koch (1865), apparently based on a single mature female holotype with eggsac collected in Wollongong, New South Wales. Subsequently, Koch (1877) redescribed the species and listed material from Sydney (New South Wales), Peak Downs (Queensland) and Wollongong, the latter probably referring to the holotype female (all from Museum Godeffroy); from Sydney (in “ Bradley’s Collection ”; today considered lost (Framenau 2005 )); and from ' New Holland' (Kgl. Naturalien Kabinett zu Stuttgart, Museum Stuttgart) (see Renner 1988 for a list of lost types). Subsequent cataloguers apparently considered Koch’s (1877) later listing as syntype series. For example, Rack (1961) catalogued a specimen from Peak Downs as syntype and McKay (1985) followed with listings of syntypes lodged in the NHM and ZMH. However, none of the specimens in these collections examined for this revision was explicitly labelled from Wollongong or represented a female carrying an eggsac as described by Koch (1865) (although this eggsac could have subsequently been lost). Consequently, we consider the holotype female of this species lost. We do not consider it necessary to establish a neotype for this common and easily recognised species, in particular as material is available that was identified by the original author of the species. Koch (1877: 957) already listed his Lycosa bellatrix as junior synonym of T. godeffroyi: “ Lycosa bellatrix L. Koch ibidem p. 866, altes Weibchen von Lyc. Godeffroyi nach dem Ablegen der Eier ” [from German: old female of Lyc. Godeffroyi after laying eggs]. McKay (1985) proposed a specimen labelled Lycosa necatrix (NHM 1919.9.18.1187) as possible holotype; however, this assumption cannot be unequivocally supported although a species-group name Lycosa necatrix was apparently never published by L. Koch from Australia. We therefore consider the holotype of Lycosa bellatrix lost. Strand (1907) provided the description of a male with morphological similarities to T. godeffroyi, which he potentially considered to represent a new species, Tarentula zualella. His description concludes vaguely (p. 219, from German) “ I want to identify this specimen as Tar. Godeffroyi L. K., despite some differences in the arrangement of the eyes […]. Perhaps this new species may receive the new name Tar. zuallela ”. The species was transferred to Allocosa Banks, 1900 by Roewer (1955) and is as such listed in recent catalogues (World Spider Catalog 2016); however, to our knowledge the subfamily Allocosinae Dondale, 1986 does not occur in Australia (Framenau 2007). As the holotype is apparently not present at the WNHM (Jäger 1998) and considering the uncertain diagnosis of the species from T. godeffroyi, we here consider Allocosa zualella a junior synonym of T. godeffroyi, also taking into account the distribution of other Tasmanicosa near Sydney. Life history and habitat preferences. Following Bill Humphrey’s seminal Ph. D. thesis on this species and resulting publications (Humphreys 1974, 1975 a, b, 1976 a, b, 1978), T. godeffroyi is one of the best studied wolf spiders in Australia. In the ACT, it occupies margins of and clearings in sclerophyll forest, with highest densities only in small patches in rough pasture that is reverting to bush. High densities are being maintained in clearings such as under high-voltage transmission lines suggesting it to be a disturbance indicator within natural successional communities (Humphreys 1976 b). Here, spiders construct shallow burrows (4 – 18 cm deep) often with leaf litter collar and associated with a log or rock or ground crack (Humphreys 1976 b). Similar habitat preferences were reported from Western Australia, where the species occupies dry open woodland and forest with expanses of bare to lightly littered ground, but spiders also invade dry pasture and crops (Main 1976). Collection data with specimens included a variety of habitat types; such as chenopod scrublands; various eucalypt woodlands such as Black Box (Eucalyptus largiflorens), Red River Gum (E. camaldulensis), and Poplar Box (E. populnea); Callitris woodland, mallee woodland, but also grasslands, including spinifex (Triodia spp.) and other semi-arid grasslands. Its frequent affinity with agricultural areas (paddocks, Lucerne crops) and other cultivated areas near houses in pools and gardens resulted in the common name ‘ garden wolf spider’ for T. godeffroyi. Near Canberra, females produced eggsacs from November to April with young emerging about a month later (Humphreys 1976 b). Eggsacs averaged about 388 eggs with egg numbers ranging from ca. 200 to 1,000 eggs. Young resulting from the peak reproductive period (January and February) overwinter as immatures and reach the penultimate stage by the following winter. Females and males moult to maturity during or after the second winter, and males die shortly after reproductive activity (Humphreys 1976 b). Females develop through approximately 15 instars. Some long-lived females produce eggs in two consecutive breeding seasons. Two periods of parasite induced mortality occurred in T. godeffroyi from the ACT; the first in eggs caused by scelionid wasps, and the second in large immatures caused by acrocerid flies (Humphreys 1976 b). Tasmanicosa godeffroyi shows behavioural thermoregulation of their clutch. Females with eggsacs actively maintain, within constraints, a temperature regime higher than ambient temperature for their eggsac by exposing it to the sun or, when temperature outside falls, keep it in the comparatively and temporarily warmer burrow chamber (Humphreys 1974). Bites by Tasmanicosa species, mostly T. godeffroyi, only cause minor effects in humans and itchiness and redness of the bite site are not uncommon (Isbister & Framenau, 2004). However, venom can be fatal to dogs, cats and other animals that can reportedly be killed within one hour (Raven & Seeman 2008). Histamine appears to be the major pharmacological component of T. godeffroyi venom (Rash et al. 1998).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B149F6FBEF839B6FEB0FEDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa godeffroyi is found in the southern half of Australia, generally south of 20 ° S Latitude (Fig. 8).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0A9F68BEF83EFDFACDF82B.taxon	description	(Figs 3 R, 4 H; 9 A – L, 10)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0A9F68BEF83EFDFACDF82B.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, 13.5 km north of Bogantugan [23 ° 32 ' S, 147 ° 18 ' E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA], 26 October – 17 December 2000, pitfall trap, G. Monteith, D. Cook, woodland (QM S 39839). Paratypes. Female, Everard Ranges [27 ° 10 ' S, 132 ° 25 ' E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], October – November 1970, G. F. Gross, L. E. Matthews, under eucalypt bark / litter (QM S 70803); female, juvenile, same data (QM S 96351). Other material examined. 37 males, 12 females and 6 juveniles in 39 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0A9F68BEF83EFDFACDF82B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition (fulgor, Latin – flash; Blitz is the German word for flash) and expresses the gratitude of the junior author (BCB) to the Australian Biological Resources Study’s Bush Blitz program (www. bushblitz. org. au, accessed 20 June 2016) for funding of taxonomic work and field excursions. Supporting agencies for Bush Blitz include the Australian Government, BHP Billiton and Earthwatch.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0A9F68BEF83EFDFACDF82B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males resemble T. kochorum in having similar tegular ridge; however, it is about as wide as the tegular apophysis (Fig. 9 K), but considerably shorter in T. kochorum (Fig. 15 J). The female epigyne most closely resembles that of T. gilberta (Fig. 11) and T. leuckartii (Fig. 17) and appears to represent an intermediate form. However, T. fulgor females differ from T. leuckartii in the absence of a light median patch on the venter and from T. gilberta in the wider median septum in its anterior region, which has a narrow and sharp ridge in T. gilberta (Fig. 11 G), but not so in T. fulgor (Fig. 9 G).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0A9F68BEF83EFDFACDF82B.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype, QM S 39839). Total length 15.6. Prosoma. Length 8.7, width 6.2; carapace reddish-brown with genus-specific but indistinct Union-Jack pattern and indistinct light and marginal bands (Fig. 9 A); sternum dark brown; covered with light brown setae (Fig. 9 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.26, ALE 0.28, PME 0.73, PLE 0.56. Chelicerae. Dark brown with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Dark brown with lighter anterior margin (Fig. 9 C). Endites. Brown, glabrous (Fig. 9 C). Legs. Greyish-brown, covered with silvery setae; venter of coxae dark brown (Fig. 9 C). Opisthosoma. Length 6.1, width 4.6; dorsally with dark folium pattern consisting of dark triangles which are bordered by light setae (Fig. 9 A); venter uniformly dark brown with few brown setae (Fig. 9 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally covered with silvery setae, tip with ca. 3 – 5 macrosetae (Figs 9 E – F); tegular apophysis with slightly curved ventral spur (Figs 9 K – L); embolus thin, apically curved; terminal apophysis sickleshaped but almost straight apically (Figs 9 I – J). Female (based on paratype, QM S 70803). Total length 22.3. Prosoma. Length 12.4, width 6.0; carapace colouration as male with more distinct radial pattern (Fig. 9 B); sternum brown with light brown setae (Fig. 9 D). Eyes. Diameter of AME: 0.22, ALE 0.28, PME 0.71, PLE 0.77. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 11.7, width 7.5; otherwise as male, but labium apically lighter and endites basally darker (Figs 9 B, D). Epigyne. Slightly longer than wide, with m-shaped apical margin; medium septum inverted T-shaped with anterior part a broad, irregular ridge (Fig. 9 G); spermathecal heads large, roughly kidney-shaped and situated in apical half of epigyne; spermathecal stalks twisted (Fig. 9 H). Life history and habitat preferences. Little information can be deducted from the few records of T. fulgor. Habitat descriptions with records of T. fulgor include native grassland and Black Box (Eucalyptus largiflorens) woodland, with one record from a suburban swimming pool. Males have been found between November and February, with most records from December. Female activity appears to be longer than that of males with specimens found between October and March, but also in May.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0A9F68BEF83EFDFACDF82B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa fulgor has a broad distribution throughout mainland Australia with the exception of the north-west; it has also been found in Tasmania (Fig. 10). A single record from south-western Western Australia is here tentatively referred to T. fulgor pending the discovery of males in the state. Ventral opisthosoma pattern and epigyne shape conform to the species, but internal genitalia more closely match T. leuckartii.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	description	(Figs 3 H, 4 G, 10, 11 A – L)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	description	Venonia gilberta (Hogg). — Roewer, 1955: 307. Hogna gilberti (Hogg). — Roewer 1960: 975 (misspelled). Hogna gilberta (Hogg). — Roewer, 1961: 13.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Lectotype. Female, Riverton, Gilbert River (34 ° 10 ’ S, 138 ° 45 ’ E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA), A. Molineux (SAM NN 039) (designated byMcKay, 1975) (examined). Paralectotypes. Female, same data as lectotype (SAM NN 040); paralectotype female, same data as lectotype (SAM NN 041) (all examined); 2 paralectotype females, data as lectotype, not found in SAM collection (not examined). Other material examined. 174 males, 217 females (11 with eggsac, 10 with spiderlings) and 27 juveniles in 272 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Care must be taken when identifying T. gilberta (Fig. 11) as these spiders are very similar to T. fulgor (Fig. 10) and T. leuckartii (Fig. 17), in particular if the ventral light patch of the opisthosoma is poorly developed in T. leuckartii. All three species have been found sympatrically and in large pitfall trap series of one species, each of the other one was often represented by single specimens. Males of T. gilberta differ from those of T. fulgor by the straight ventral edge of the tegular apophysis (Fig. 11 L), which is shallow U-shaped in T. fulgor (Fig. 9 L). Males of T. gilberta and T. leuckartii are best distinguished by the shape of the terminal apophysis, which is broad and flat with an apical bent tip in T. gilberta (Fig. 7 H), but apically twisted in T. leuckartii (Fig. 7 G). Females of T. gilberta differ from both T. fulgor and T. leuckartii by the much narrower median septum, which forms a sharp edge in particular anteriorly (Fig. 11 G).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on QM S 70800). Total length 22.3. Prosoma. Length 11.7, width 9.4; carapace brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and distinct median and broad marginal light bands (Fig. 11 A); sternum dark brown (Fig. 11 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.40, ALE 0.28, PME 0.83, PLE 0.81. Chelicerae. Black with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Black, anterior edge brown (Fig. 11 C). Endites. Glabrous dark brown (Fig. 11 C). Legs. Greyish-brown, covered with few silvery setae; venter of coxae dark brown (Fig. 11 C). Opisthosoma. Length 8.2, width 5.1; dorsally brownish-grey with folium pattern of indistinct triangles (Fig. 11 A), venter black (Fig. 11 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae; apically with ca. 10 macrosetae (Figs 11 E – F); tegular apophysis with straight ridge of little more than half of tegular apophysis width, ventral process with double-tip (Figs 11 K – L), embolus sickle-shaped with narrow tip, terminal apophysis broad with ventrally bent tip (Figs 11 I – J). Female (based on QM S 70800). Total length 17.9. Prosoma. Length 8.7, width 5.8. Colouration of carapace and sternum as male (Figs 11 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.37, ALE 0.32, PME 0.77, PLE 0.75. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 9.3, width 5.6; otherwise as male (Figs 11 B, D). Epigyne. Approximately 1.3 times longer than wide; medium septum inverted T-shaped with very thin median septum (Fig. 11 G), spermathecal heads small and oval and situated laterally of posterior transverse part, spermathecal stalks short and straight (Fig. 11 H).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hogg (1905) in his original description and subsequently McKay (1975, 1985) listed five syntype females, but only three were found at the SAM. The type locality “ Gilbert R. Riverina ”, originally believed to be in New South Wales was subsequently amended by Hirst (1988) to “ Gilbert River, Riverton ” located in South Australia. Life history and habitat preferences. Tasmanicosa gilberta appears to prefer open habitats and seems to be somewhat salt tolerant; habitat descriptions on locality labels include sandy clay-loam plain, sand plain, remnant native grassland, paddock, grazed pasture, mallee, chenopod saltbush, Callitris woodland, and Box-Ironbark forest. Similar to most other Tasmanicosa species, mature males have been found between September and May with highest numbers in December and January. Females were recorded throughout the year with highest numbers between December and March. Females carrying an eggsac were found mainly in February and March with one record from May.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	description	Tasmanica gilberta has been reported as ‘ burrow stealers’ as this species apparently utilizes burrows of T. ramosa (reported as T. stirlingae) in a study north of Adelaide (McCullough 2000).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0C9F6ABEF83A2CFE4DF8CF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa gilberta is found along the southern coast of Australia, generally south of 30 ° S Latitude, with few isolated records further north in South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland (Fig. 10). The species appears to be absent in the most south-eastern parts of the continent (i. e. western Victoria) and has not been found in Tasmania.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0E9F66BEF8386DFEACFC3F.taxon	description	(Figs 3 C, 12 A – K, 13)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0E9F66BEF8386DFEACFC3F.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, West of Lake Gilles [32 ° 43 ' 16 ” S, 136 ° 47 ' 16 ” E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], 28 December 1980, P. Hudson (SAM NN 29490). Paratypes. Female, North of Bower [34 ° 04 ’ S, 139 ° 21 ' E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], 19 February 2002, spotlighting, S. Donellan (WAM T 141187); 2 females, same data (WAM T 55438). Other material examined. 10 males, 19 females and one juvenile in 20 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0E9F66BEF8386DFEACFC3F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Danilo Harms, Head of the Department of Arachnology at the Centrum für Naturkunde, University Hamburg (formerly ZMH), for his contribution to Australian arachnological research.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0E9F66BEF8386DFEACFC3F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females of T. harmsi (Fig. 12) most resemble T. phyllis (Fig. 20) but differ in details of the genitalia. Most conspicuously, however, are dense white setae ventrally between epigastric furrow and pedicel (Fig. 3 C) in both males and females, which is absent in T. phyllis, and the black spinnerets (light brown in T. phyllis). The median septum of the female epigyne has irregular edges with are smooth (Fig. 12 G) and straight in T. phyllis (Fig. 20 G).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0E9F66BEF8386DFEACFC3F.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype, SAM NN 29490). Total length 17.8. Prosoma. Length 9.9, width 7.1; dark reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and indistinct median and submarginal light bands (Fig. 12 A); sternum dark brown to black with dark brown and few silvery setae (Fig. 12 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.26, ALE 0.24, PME 0.79, PLE 0.67. Chelicerae. Dark brown, frontally with an elongated patch of golden setae. Labium. Very dark brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 12 C). Endites. Dark brown, somewhat darker antero-laterally (Fig. 12 C). Legs. Brown, in particular femora ventrally lighter; venter of coxae dark brown (Fig. 12 C). Opisthosoma. Length 7.3, width 5.0; dorsally with dark folium pattern that is bordered by light setae in particular in anterior third (Fig. 12 A); venter with black patch along about three quarters, not reaching spinnerets; distinct band of white setae between epigastric furrow and pedicel; spinnerets black (Fig. 12 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae, approximately ten macrosetae on tip (Figs 12 E – F); apical tip of tegular apophysis exceeding cymbium margin, ridge as wide a tegular apophysis (Fig. 12 F, I – J); embolus sickle-shaped, barely tapering towards tip; terminal apophysis broad, stronger sclerotised along basal edge and apically slightly notched (Fig. 12 K). Female (based on paratype, WAM T 141187). Total length 22.37. Prosoma. Length 10.85, width 7.60; carapace and sternum colouration as in male (Figs 12 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.42; ALE 39; PME 0.91; PLE 0.85. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 10.16, width 8.08; otherwise as male, but endites lighter antero-medially and dorsal opisthosoma somewhat lighter (Figs 12 B, D). Epigyne. About one and a half times as long as wide, median septum inverted T-shaped, with irregular edges (Fig. 12 G); spermathecal heads spherical, spermathecal stalks S-shaped (Fig. 12 H). Life history and habitat preferences. Three records of T. harmsi had habitat information, which included waterhole, bluebush and saltbush. Mature males of T. harmsi have been found between September and January and females between December and May; however, numbers are too low for an accurate assessment of the species’ phenology.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B0E9F66BEF8386DFEACFC3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa harmsi has been found in South Australia and western and central New South Wales (Fig. 13).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B039F60BEF83C91FA89FCAB.taxon	description	(Figs 1 B – D, 3 N, 4 E, 13, 14 A – K)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B039F60BEF83C91FA89FCAB.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, Epsom, Londonderry Way [37 ° 42 ' 37 ” S, 144 ° 18 ' 11 ” E, Victoria, AUSTRALIA], 25 December 2009, V. W. Framenau (WAM T 141161). Paratypes. 2 males, data as holotype (WAM T 100132), 1 female, data as holotype (WAM T 141162). Other material examined. 44 males, 22 females and 10 juveniles in 49 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B039F60BEF83C91FA89FCAB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet for this wolf spider species honours the Australian actor Hugh Jackman, who played Wolverine in the X-Men film series, for his extraordinary artistic skills and more so for his numerous philanthropic activities. Wolf spiders are, of course, much more remarkable than Wolverines; for example, they are best caught by the fearless at night by spotlighting their sparkling green eyes, can orientate using polarised light even in the absence of direct sunshine or moonlight (e. g. Papi & Tongiorgi 1963; Dacke et al. 2001), can fly (Richter 1970), use multimodal (visual, chemical, percussive) communication (e. g. Hebets 2004), their mothers carry their eggs and subsequently often hundreds of young on their back (e. g. Humphreys 1976 b), and they can starve without food for more than a year (Anderson 1974).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B039F60BEF83C91FA89FCAB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The males of T. hughjackmani differ from all other species in the genus by the strongly S-shaped ridge of the tegular apophysis that forms a deep notch in the tegular apophysis (Fig. 3 N). Female genitalia (Fig. 4 C) most closely resemble those of T. godeffroyi (Fig. 4 E), but the medium septum is apically much wider (i. e. wider than the posterior transverse part) than in that species, in which the anterior part of the medium septum is as wide as the posterior transverse part.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B039F60BEF83C91FA89FCAB.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype, WAM T 141161). Total length 13.6. Prosoma. Length 8.2, width 6.3; carapace reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and distinct irregular lateral and smooth median light bands (Fig. 14 A); sternum dark brown and covered with black setae (Fig. 14 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.35, ALE 0.26, PME 0 63, PLE 0.84. Chelicerae. Dark brown, with an elongated patch of yellowish-golden setae frontally. Labium. Brown, with light brown anterior rim (Fig. 14 C). Endites. Brown, apically yellow-brown (Fig. 14 C). Legs. Femora yellowish-brown, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown; venter of coxae dark brown, venter of patellae and tibiae apico-ventrally dark brown; legs overall covered with silvery setae. Opisthosoma. Length 8.2, width 5.1; dorsally with folium pattern bordered with light lines and patches (Fig. 14 A); venter black (Fig. 14 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium with dense layer of silvery setae; tip with three macrosetae (Figs 14 E – F); terminal apophysis with strongly S-shaped ridge and therefore deeply notched (Figs 14 I – J); embolus sickle-shaped and gently narrowing towards tip; terminal apophysis broad and flat with rounded and slightly notched tip (Fig. 14 K). Female (based on WAM T 41162). Total length 20.4. Prosoma. Length 10.7, width 7.7; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Figs 14 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.39, ALE 0.28, PME 0.82, PLE 0.64. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 10.9, width 7.9; otherwise as male, but labium and endites dark brown (Figs 14 B, D). Epigyne. Slightly wider than long; medium septum inverted T-shaped, but anteriorly wider than posterior transverse part (Fig. 14 G); spermathecal heads longer than wide and only little wider than spermathecal stalks; spermathecal stalks coiled, originating medially at epigyne (Fig. 14 H). Life history and habitat preferences. Habitat descriptions with records of T. hughjackmani include open forest of Pink Gum (Eucalyptus fasciculosa), Box-Ironbark forest or sclerophyll bushland. Here, the spiders construct a shallow burrow in leaf litter (Fig. 1 C). The phenology of T. hughjackmani appears similar to that of T. godeffroyi and T. fulgor. Males have been found between October and February, with most records from December. Female activity is between September and February, with a single record in May.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B039F60BEF83C91FA89FCAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa hughjackmani is found in south-eastern South Australia and Victoria (Fig. 13).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B059F62BEF83C2DFDD3FE37.taxon	description	(Figs 3 Q, 4 F, 6 B, 7 B, 15 A – K, 16)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B059F62BEF83C2DFDD3FE37.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, Ransome Reserve [27 ° 29 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA], 30 October – 1 December 2003, QM Museum party, Casuarina woodland (QM S 68828). Paratype. Female, Illaweena St, Drewvale [27 ° 38 ' S, 153 ° 03 ' E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA], 31 October – 1 December 2003, QM party, scribbly gum, heath, pitfall trap (QM S 68829). Other material examined. 103 males, 125 females (6 with eggsac, 7 with spiderlings) and 25 juveniles in 157 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B059F62BEF83C2DFDD3FE37.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet honours Carl Ludwig Koch (1778 – 1857) and his son Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (1825 – 1908), both eminent German arachnologists and contributors to the taxonomy of the Australian arachnofauna.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B059F62BEF83C2DFDD3FE37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of T. kochorum (Fig. 3 Q) most resemble T. godeffroyi (Fig. 3 M) but the tegular apophysis ridge is much longer. Females of T. kochorum (Fig. 4 F), T. stella (Fig. 26 G) and T. subrufa (Fig. 4 K) are the only species with a medially bulging median septum; they differ from T. stella in the lack of a distinct light median pattern on the carapace and from T. subrufa in the much shorter median septum.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B059F62BEF83C2DFDD3FE37.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype, QM S 68828). Total length 14.8. Prosoma. Length 8.5, width 6.5; reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and distinct median and irregular marginal light bands (Fig. 15 A); sternum black (Fig. 15 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.28, ALE 0.27, PME 0.64, PLE 0.58. Chelicerae. Black, with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Black with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 15 C). Endites. Brown, somewhat darker antero-laterally (Fig. 15 C). Legs. Greyish-brown and covered with silvery setae; venter of coxae dark brown (Fig. 15 C). Opisthosoma. Length 6.8, width 4.6; dorsally with dark folium pattern that is bordered by light setae (Fig. 15 A); venter black (Fig. 15 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae; tip with 5 – 7 macrosetae (Figs 15 E – F); tegular apophysis ridge about three quarters of tegular apophysis width, almost straight (Figs 6 B, 15 J – K); embolus very thin along its length and slightly curved apically; terminal apophysis broad, sickle-shaped (Figs 7 B, 15 I). Female (based on paratype, QM S 68829). Total length 15.2. Prosoma. Length 9.3, width 6.6; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Fig. 15 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.17; ALE 0.24; PME 0.65; PLE 0.71. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 5.7, width 4.3; otherwise as male, but dorsal pattern of opisthosoma more demarcated with folium pattern of sharper angles (Fig. 15 B, D). Epigyne. About as long as wide, median septum inverted T-shaped and medially bulging (Fig. 15 G); spermathecal heads almost globular, spermathecal stalks twisted (Fig. 15 H). Life history and habitat preferences. Habitat descriptions with records of T. kochorum are very variable and include a number of open woodlands and forests, i. e. blackbutt and ironbark, rainforest, vine thickets, creek bed and banks and mudflats near ocean, grasslands and heathlands, but also areas near human habitation (gardens, paddocks). A number of specimens have also been found wandering into houses. Males have been found throughout the year with largest numbers between September and February, with similar activity extending into March. Females with eggsacs were recorded in September and October and then again in March, females carrying spiderlings from November to March.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B059F62BEF83C2DFDD3FE37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa kochorum is largely a south-eastern Queensland species, but has been found into northern New South Wales (Fig. 16).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	description	(Figs 1 E – F, 3 A, 6 D, 7 G, 16, 17 A – K)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	description	Schizocosa leuckartii (Thorell). — McKay 1973: 381.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Lectotype (designated here) of Tarentula leuckartii. Female, locality label fainted, possibly Echuka, =? Echuca, 36 ° 08 ’ S, 144 ° 45 ’ E (Victoria, AUSTRALIA), ‘ Leuckart ded. ’, Collectio T. Thorell (SMNH) (examined). Paralectotype of Tarentula leuckartii. Penultimate female, data as lectotype (examined). Lectotype (designated here) of Lycosa christopheri. Female, Fremantle [32 ° 03 ’ S, 115 ° 44 ’ E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA], W. Wölting leg. 1907, H. Christopher ded. 1. vii. 1907 (ZMH, Rack (1961) - catalogue 448) (examined). Paralectotype of Lycosa christopheri. Juvenile, same data as lectotype (ZMH, Rack (1961) - catalogue 448) (examined). Holotype of Lycosa molyneuxi. Female, Gilbert River, Riverton [34 ° 10 ’ S, 138 ° 45 ’ E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], A. Molineux (SAM NN 462) (examined). Other material examined. 1,768 males, 764 females (29 females with eggsac, 41 females with spiderlings) and 619 juveniles in 957 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tasmanicosa leuckartii is the only species in the genus which has a light patch of variable size in the centre of the venter (Figs 17 C – D). Genital morphology is similar to T. gilberta and T. fulgor. Males are most similar to T. gilberta, but can be distinguished by the shape of the terminal apophysis, which is broad and apically bent in T. gilberta (Fig. 7 H), but twisted in T. leuckartii (Fig. 7 G) (that of T. fulgor is broadly sickle-shaped without apical modifications (Fig. 9 J )). Females are most similar to T. fulgor (Fig. 4 H), but the epigyne is much shallower and overall narrower in T. leuckartii (Fig. 17 G) (that of T. gilberta has a much narrower median septum (Fig. 4 G )). Care should be taken and genitalia examined in detail for each specimens when large series of pitfall trap material of T. leuckartii are identified, as the species can be found sympatrically with T. godeffroyi, T. gilberta and T. fulgor, all of which have been found as singletons within large numbers of T. leuckartii in traps.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on NMV K 11541). Total length 17.6. Prosoma. Length 10.0, width 7.7; reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and narrow median and lateral bands (Fig. 17 A); sternum very dark brown to black (Fig. 17 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.33, ALE 0.21, PME 0.81, PLE 0.73. Chelicerae. Black, with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Black with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 17 C). Endites. Glabrous dark brown, anteriorly somewhat lighter (Fig. 17 C). Legs. Greyish-brown, covered with silvery setae; venter of coxae dark brown (Fig. 17 C). Opisthosoma. Length 8.7, width 6.4; dorsally with folium pattern that is bordered by light patches in particular anteriorly (Fig. 17 A); venter black with light discolouration centrally (Fig. 17 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae; tip with ca. 7 – 10 macrosetae (Figs 17 E – F); tegular apophysis with almost straight ridge which is almost as long as tegular apophysis width (Figs 6 D, 17 J – K). Embolus broad at base, narrowing apically into a sharp tip; terminal apophysis tip flat and broad with subapical twist (Figs 7 G, 17 I). Female (based on NMV K 11546). Total length 17.3. Prosoma. Length 10.0, width 7.7; colouration of carapace and sternum as male, but with less distinct radial pattern on carapace (Figs 17 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.15, ALE 0.14, PME 0.77, PLE 0.65. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 12.0, width 8.2, otherwise as male, but light ventral spot larger and more distinct (Fig. 17 D). Epigyne. Longer than wide; median septum inverted T-shaped with irregular edges (Fig. 17 G); spermathecal heads kidney-shaped, situated laterally at half of the length of the epigyne length; spermathecal stalks twisted and bent (Fig. 17 H).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Thorell (1870) listed two adult females in the original species description of T. leuckartii; however, only one of the two females in the syntype series is mature and here designated as lectotype to unequivocally fix the species-group name of the taxon. The female is redescribed here based on more recent material, as the lectotype is in poor condition. McKay (1975) synonymised Lycosa christopheri Simon, 1909 with T. leuckartii based on the examination of the (p. 320) ‘ Holotype female, Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst. No. 448 ’. In contrast, Rack (1961: 37) listed a (translated from German), ‘ ♀ syntype (damaged) ’ as her ZMH catalogue no. 448. Her syntype designation may be due to the presence of an immature spider in the same vial. Simon’s (1909) original description of L. christopheri shows that it was based on more than one specimen, as he gave a size range for the total length of the species, rather than a distinct size for a single specimen. We therefore support Rack’s (1961) assumption of a syntype series of the species consisting of a female and juvenile and here designate the female as lectotype to unequivocally fix the species-group name of this taxon. McKay (1975) already pointed to the possibility that Lycosa molyneuxi and T. gilberta may represent junior synonyms of T. leuckartii. This is confirmed here for L. molyneuxi, of which the holotype female conforms to the species diagnosis of T. leuckartii as presented here. Lycosa molyneuxi is here considered a junior synonym of T. leuckartii. The original type locality for L. molyneuxi, ‘ Gilbert River, Riverina, New South Wales’ was amended to a South Australian locality by Hirst (1988). We consider the correct original spelling for the species-group name of Leuckart’s wolf spider to be T. leuckartii rather than T. leuckarti. This is in accordance with article 33.4 in the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), which states the change from - ii to - i is a subsequent incorrect spelling. Life history and habitat preferences. Habitat preferences of T. leuckartii are typical for those in the genus Tasmanicosa, with records from a variety of forest and bushland habitats (Yate, River Red Gum, Black Box, old growth mallee, Casuarina, Callitris, Acacia) to semi-arid grasslands and paddocks. However, this species appears to be more common than other Tasmanicosa species in floodplains or near permanent to ephemeral waterbodies of varying salinity. Frequent habitat descriptions included samphire, saltbush country, river terrace, alluvial flats and clayey soil with crab holes. This is consistent with McKay’s (1975: 323) habitat description of ‘ lateritic gravels, loam, or clay soils, especially on alluvial clay soils near swamps, streams, and on riverbanks’ and Main (1976) detailing ‘ dry open woodland and forest with expanses of bare to lightly littered ground; invade dry pasture and crop. ’ Burrows of T. leuckartii are shallow with depth ranging from approximately 60 to 110 mm in a study on South Australian floodplain populations. Burrow depth increased over summer apparently counteracting increasing temperatures, but there was no direct correlation with decreasing soil moisture (Steggles 2001; Steggles et al. 2003). Burrow fidelity was low in this study, with spiders frequently vacating but also re-occupying empty burrows. Apparently, spiders take advantage of soil fissures in cracking clays that provide ample opportunity as day-time hideouts (Steggles et al. 2003). Laboratory studies confirmed that an association with burrows was highest in reproductive females (Steggles et al. 2003). The senior author of this study (VWF) has found T. leuckartii females building a thin, trapdoor-like lid on their burrow in Quorn (South Australia). With a similar distribution pattern, the phenology of T. leuckartii appears to be very similar to that of T. godeffroyi. Females with eggsac were found predominantly between January and April, with single records from June and October. Consistent with this, most females carrying spiderlings were found in April, but also in January to March and May to June. In some areas T. leuckartii is called the hay spider because of its abundance around stooks and bales of cut hay where it is a nuisance to farm workers (Main 1976). Recent experiments on the effect of T. leuckartii as natural control agents for the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808), indicated that these spiders can be effective predators of the cotton bollworm late instars and moths, but also suggested that, under some conditions, the presence of spiders could increase the damage to individual cotton bolls (Rendon et al. 2016).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B079F5DBEF83937FCF2F9EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa leuckartii is very common south of approximately 25 ° S Latitude in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia (Fig. 16). Records in southern Victoria and Tasmania are rare and the species has only occasionally been found in Queensland.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B389F58BEF839E1FD65FE13.taxon	description	(Figs 1 G, 3 I, 4 D, 6 F, 7 F, 18 A – K, 19)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B389F58BEF839E1FD65FE13.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, Mt Kosciusko [36 ° 27 ’ S, 148 ° 16 ’ E, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA], 30 January 1966, L. Voysey (AM KS 23) (examined). Other material examined. 10 males, 40 females (two with eggsac and one with spiderlings), and eight juveniles in 40 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B389F58BEF839E1FD65FE13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of T. musgravei resemble T subrufa based on the shape of the tegular apophysis (Figs. 18 J, 27 K) but differ by the basally bent terminal apophysis (Figs. 18 I, 27 I). Females (Fig. 3 D) most resemble T. gilberta (Fig. 3 G) in having a wide and deep atrium, but the median septum is anchor — rather than inverted T-shaped and is widening anteriorly.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B389F58BEF839E1FD65FE13.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on QM S 70787). Total length 20.3. Prosoma. Length 11.3, width 8.4; carapace reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and irregular light median and marginal bands (Fig. 18 A); sternum dark reddish-brown with light brown setae (Fig. 18 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.36, ALE 0.50, PME 0.68, PLE 0.65. Chelicerae. Reddish-brown with an elongated patch of light setae frontally. Labium. Dark brown, anteriorly somewhat lighter (Fig. 18 C). Endites. Dark brown, lighter anteriorly (Fig. 18 C). Legs. Greyish-brown and covered with silvery setae; venter of coxae reddish-brown, basally slightly lighter (Fig. 18 C). Opisthosoma. Length 9.0, width 6.8; indistinct folium pattern dorsally (Fig. 18 A); venter black (Fig. 18 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with a dense layer of silvery setae; tip with ca. 5 macrosetae (Figs 18 E – F); tegular apophysis ridge widely gaping, ventral process with two tips (Fig. 6 F, 18 J – K); embolus broad, sickleshaped with abruptly tapering tip; terminal apophysis broad with two ridges and strongly bent tip (Fig. 18 I). Female (based on QM S 70785). Total length 21.7. Prosoma. Length 11.0, width 7.6; colouration of carapace and sternum as male (Figs 18 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.37, ALE 0.36, PME 0.77, PLE 0.65. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 11.0, width 7.5, otherwise as male, but dorsal folium pattern on opisthosoma more distinct and frontal chelicerae setae darker (orange-brown) (Figs 18 B, D). Epigyne. Wider than long, median septum anchor-shaped with basally narrow but anteriorly widening median septum (Fig. 18 G), spermathecal heads small with twisted spermathecal stalks (Fig. 18 H). Life history and habitat preferences. Tasmanicosa musgravei is an alpine wolf spider. Records are generally from higher than 1,000 m above sea level. It is apparently the most frequently observed wolf spider in the Snowy Mountains (NSW) and open burrows are found in tall alpine herb fields and grasslands (Green & Osborne 1994). Two records from Elsternwick (suburban Melbourne) maybe the result of misplacement through human recreational activities (Framenau 2004). Mature spiders are generally found between November and May, but are most common in the summer months. Females with eggsac have been collected in December and May.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B389F58BEF839E1FD65FE13.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa musgravei can be found in the Australian Alps in the Australian Capital Territory, in New South Wales, and Victoria (Fig. 19).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3D9F5ABEF83EB0FAC9FC1B.taxon	description	(Figs 3 P, 4 I, 6 E, 7 D, 19, 20 A – K)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3D9F5ABEF83EB0FAC9FC1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Lectotype (designated here) of Lycosa phyllis. Female, Riverton, Gilbert River [34 ° 10 ' S, 138 ° 45 ' E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], A. Molyneux (SAM NN 024) (examined). Paralectotypes of Lycosa phyllis. Female, data as lectotype (SAM NN 025); female, Goolwa [35 ° 30 ' S, 138 ° 47 ' E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], A. Zeitz (SAM NN 458) (examined). Syntypes of Lycosa stirlingae. Male and female, Riverton, Gilbert River [34 ° 10 ' S, 138 ° 45 ' E, South Australia, AUSTRALIA], A. Molyneux (not found in SAM; not examined). Other material examined. 104 males, 38 females (1 with eggsac and three with spiderlings) in 102 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3D9F5ABEF83EB0FAC9FC1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genital morphology of T. phyllis is most similar to T. harmsi, but both species differ in the ventral pattern in which T. harmsi has a band of white setae between pedicel and epigastric furrow, an area that is black in T. phyllis. Male (based on NMV K 11539). Total length 18.5. Prosoma. Length 10.3, width 7.5; carapace brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and distinct light median and marginal bands (Fig. 20 A); sternum black (Fig. 20 C).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3D9F5ABEF83EB0FAC9FC1B.taxon	description	Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.30, ALE 0.28, PME 1.2, PLE 0.81. Chelicerae. Black with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Black (Fig. 20 C). Endites. Black (Fig. 20 C). Legs. Brown, covered with silvery setae; venter of coxae black (Fig. 20 C). Opisthosoma. Length 7.9, width 5.2; dorsally light brown with darker folium pattern (Fig. 20 A); venter with triangular black central area (Fig. 20 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae; tip with ca. 10 macrosetae (Figs 20 E – F); ridge of tegular apophysis as wide as tegular apophysis; ventral process narrow and long (Figs 6 E, 20 J – K); embolus long and thin with apically kinked tip; terminal apophysis sickle-shaped (Fig. 20 I). Female (based on NMV K 11540). Total length 20.2. Prosoma. Length 10.5, width 6.9; colouration of carapace and sternum as male (Figs 20 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.32, ALE 0.31, PME 0.94, PLE 0.78. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 11.6, width 8.1, otherwise as male (Figs 20 B, D). Epigyne. Approximately two times as long as wide; median septum inverted T-shaped with smooth lateral edges (Fig. 20 G); spermathecal heads small situated at about one third of epigyne length from base; spermathecal stalks coiled (Fig. 20 H). Variation. Unlike in other Tasmanicosa, there seems to be a distinct size variation of T. phyllis specimens even in the same population, which was already noted by Hogg (1905: 575) in the original description of the species (“ One female from Kangaroo Island (A. Zietz), paler and rather smaller. ”). In one series of males and females from South Australia (WAM T 53639), females ranged between 13 and 23 mm total length.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3D9F5ABEF83EB0FAC9FC1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hogg (1905: 575) designated three female syntypes for T. phyllis, two from ‘ Gilbert River, Riverina’ and one from Kangaroo Island (South Australia). The locality Gilbert River, originally believed to be in Riverina district of New South Wales, was subsequently amended to “ Gilbert River, Riverton ” located in South Australia (Hirst, 1988). The third syntype female, labelled as ‘ co-type’ on the original label, has a locality label stating ‘ Goolwa’, not Kangaroo Island, and we therefore consider Hogg’s original type locality as erroneous. Goolwa is located approximately 70 km east of Kangaroo Island on mainland South Australia. We here designate one of the Gilbert River specimens as lectotype to unequivocally fix the species-group name of T. phyllis. Hogg (1905) described Lycosa stirlingae in the same publication as T. phyllis and differentiated the species, amongst other minor details, by slight difference in the arrangement of the eyes. The type locality and collector of both species are the same (Gilbert River, Riverton, South Australia; A. Molyneux). Hogg (1905) also compared the species with T. ramosa and again differentiated it by minor differences of colouration and eye arrangement. We could not locate the syntype material of Lycosa stirlingae in the SAM, but after examining all material of this collection in detail, we could not find any other species with very elongated epigyne and reduced black patch on the venter as displayed by T. phyllis and T. ramosa as revised here. Lacking the ability to reassess the type material, we consider it more likely that L. stirlingae is a junior synonym of T. phyllis rather than of T. ramosa. Not only is the type locality the same, but the original illustration of the female epigyne of L. stirlingae by Hogg shows a smooth median septum in contrast to the irregular edges in T. ramosa. We therefore consider L. stirlingae a junior synonym of T. phyllis. The female syntypes are in poor condition and therefore T. phyllis is here redescribed based on a more recently collected male and female from South Australia. The single female with eggsac in collections was found in May, the three females with spiderlings were recorded in March, May and June. Life history and habitat preferences. Habitat descriptions with T. phyllis are few and include samphire flats, saltbush, open Muehlenbergia florulenta area in cracking clay, floodplain, and bluebush, suggesting similar habitat preferences for episodically flooded areas as T. leuckartii. Males of T. phyllis have been found from September to March. Females have been found throughout the year, peaking from October to February.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3D9F5ABEF83EB0FAC9FC1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa phyllis has predominantly been found in eastern South Australia and western New South Wales into north-western Victoria, with a single isolated record from central Queensland (Fig. 19).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3F9F55BEF83CBDFDA3FF6B.taxon	description	(Figs 3 T, 4 J, 6 H, 7 A, 21 A – K, 22)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3F9F55BEF83CBDFDA3FF6B.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Syntypes. 4 immature spiders (possibly females), ‘ New Holland’ [= Australia], no exact locality (SMNS) (presumably destroyed in WWII; Renner (1988 )) (not examined). Other material examined. 52 males, 62 females (1 with eggsac and two with spiderlings), and ten juveniles in 83 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3F9F55BEF83CBDFDA3FF6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tasmanicosa ramosa is very distinctive within the genus due to its opisthosoma pattern, dorsally with light transverse, wavy lines (Fig. 21 B) and ventrally with a triangular black patch narrowing towards the spinnerets (Fig. 21 D). Genital morphology of males and females resemble that of T. semicincta (Figs 21 J, 24 J) in having a very long ventral process of the tegular apophysis corresponding to a very long epigyne (Figs 24 G, 24 G); however, the T. semicincta ventral pattern is different consisting of a very restricted dark transverse band behind the epigastric furrow. In addition, the anterior half of the median septum in T. ramosa has a very irregular outline unlike that of T. semicincta.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3F9F55BEF83CBDFDA3FF6B.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on QM S 71125). Total length 16.7. Prosoma. Length 8.2, width 5.9; carapace reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and distinct median and marginal light bands (Fig 21 A); sternum black with grey setae (Fig. 21 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.38, ALE 0.23, PME 0.68, PLE 0.64. Chelicerae. Dark brown with an elongated patch of white setae frontally. Labium. Black, slightly lighter anteriorly (Fig. 21 C). Endites. Black (Fig. 21 C). Legs. Reddish-brown, covered with silvery setae, venter of coxae black (Fig. 21 C). Opisthosoma. Length 7.1, width 4.6; dorsally with dark triangle in anterior half and transverse white, wavy lines in posterior half (Fig. 21 A); venter with triangular black patch narrowing posteriorly (Fig. 21 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae; tip with about five macrosetae (Figs 21 E – F); ridge of tegular apophysis exceeding width of tegular apophysis with long ventral spur (Figs 6 H, 21 J – K); embolus sickle-shaped with apically bent tip; terminal apophysis straight, broad and flat (Fig. 21 I). Female (based on QM S 71125). Total length 15.6. Prosoma. Length 10.4, width 7.3; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Figs 21 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.40, ALE 0.28, PME 0.86, PLE 0.88. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 8.4, width 5.9; otherwise as male, but triangle on dorsum of opisthosoma less distinct (Figs 21 B, D). Epigyne. Approximately 2.5 times as long as wide; median septum inverted T-shaped with short posterior transverse part and irregular borders anteriorly (Fig. 21 G); spermathecal head small situated approximately at one third of epigyne length, spermathecal stalks S-shaped (Fig. 21 H).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3F9F55BEF83CBDFDA3FF6B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Koch (1877: 912) listed as syntypes of Lycosa ramosa (translated from German) ‘ four specimens of these beautiful species in the Kgl. Naturalien Sammlung zu Stuttgart [today State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart] from New Holland without exact locality. ’ This collection was destroyed during the night of 12 th / 13 th September 1944 during WWII, but a catalogue of its types is available (Renner 1988). This catalogue does not list the Lycosa ramosa types, as it apparently only includes L. Koch types of species described earlier (L. Koch, 1867; 1871, 1872, 1875) (as listed in Renner 1988). Notwithstanding, we consider the type material of Lycosa ramosa destroyed during WWII. Due to Koch’s (1877) accurate original description and illustrations and the unique opisthosoma colouration of this species within the genus Tasmanicosa, it is possible to associate current material with this species and it is not necessary to designate a neotype. Examination of reference material of spiders (SAM NN 14962 – 3, NN 14965 – 73) of a study on the occupancy of spider burrows by the Adelaide Pygmy Blue-tongued Lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis (Peters, 1863) (McCullough 2000), revealed that the species he referred to Lycosa stirlingae was actually T. ramosa. Life history and habitat references. Habitat descriptions with records of T. ramosa include chenopod scrubland, semi-arid grassland, Stipa grassland and paddock, suggesting a preference for open areas. Most males of T. ramosa were collected between October and December, with some records from September and January. Females can be found throughout the year, with a peak in December and January. The single female with eggsac was found in April, the two females with spiderlings on their back in November and February.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B3F9F55BEF83CBDFDA3FF6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa ramosa has been found in a belt from south-eastern Western Australia to central New South Wales (Fig. 22). Two areas outside this clearly defined range are southern central Northern Territory and costal Victoria south of Melbourne and it is possible that these records are based on human mediated dispersal (i. e. transport / hitch-king on caravans).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B309F56BEF83E6DFB74FAF0.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, Salmon Gums [32 ° 46 ' 46 ” S, 121 ° 25 ' 11 ” E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA], October – November 2008, pitfall trap, K. George, M. Peterson (Rapallo site 10 A) (WAM T 95244). Paratype. Male, [32 ° 46 ' 50 ” S, 121 ° 25 ' 11 ” E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA], October – November 2008, pitfall trap, K. George, M. Peterson (Rapallo site 10 B) (WAM T 95245). Other material examined. Only known from type material.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B309F56BEF83E6DFB74FAF0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the genus-group name Salmo Linnaeus, 1758 for a genus that includes species of salmon and trout. The type locality Salmon Gums is a small town in Western Australia named after a predominant local eucalypt species, Eucalyptus salmonophloia, with pinkish (= salmon-coloured) bark.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B309F56BEF83E6DFB74FAF0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tasmanicosa salmo differs from all other Tasmanicosa by its very dense pubescence on carapace and opisthosoma (Fig. 23 A), which somewhat masks the typical Tasmanicosa colouration. The opisthosoma has distinct white setae spots masking the folium pattern common in other Tasmanicosa. The pedipalp structure is similar to that of T. kochorum, but the terminal apophysis is apically wider and abruptly truncated.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B309F56BEF83E6DFB74FAF0.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype, WAM T 95244). Total length 15.6. Prosoma. Length 8.9, width 6.4; carapace greyish-brown; covered densely with mainly light grey setae and therefore indistinct Union-Jack pattern and indistinct median and marginal light bands (Fig 23 A); sternum black with black setae (Fig. 23 B). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.37, ALE 0.26, PME 0.99, PLE 0.73. Chelicerae. Dark brown with an elongated patch of silvery-white setae frontally. Labium. Dark brown, anterior rim yellow-brown (Fig. 23 B). Endites. Dark brown, apically yellow-brown (Fig. 23 B). Legs. Femora greyish-brown, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown; venter of coxae dark brown, venter of patellae and tibiae apico-ventrally dark brown; legs overall covered with silvery setae. Opisthosoma. Length 6.3, width 4.9; dorsally greyish-brown with indistinct darker patterning and distinct white setae patches, more in posterior half (Fig. 23 A); venter black and covered with black setae (Fig. 23 B). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae, tip with ca. 10 macrosetae (Fig. 23 C – D); ridge of tegular apophysis very slightly curved and about half as long as tegular apophysis width (Fig. 23 E – F); embolus sickle-shaped tapering gently towards tip; terminal apophysis broad and flat, abruptly tapered apically (Fig. 23 G). Female unknown. Life history and habitat preferences. Males appear to be reproductively active at least in October and November, when both males known were caught in pitfall traps.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B309F56BEF83E6DFB74FAF0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the Salmon Gums area in Western Australia (Fig. 22).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B339F51BEF83AE6FC1DFD3A.taxon	description	(Figs 1 H, 3 B, 6 G, 7 C, 24 A – K, 25)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B339F51BEF83AE6FC1DFD3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Syntypes. Female, Rockhampton [23 ° 22 ' S, 150 ° 30 ' E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA], ‘ Daemel 127 ’ (ZMH, Rack (1961) - catalogue 478, Museum Godeffroy 14567) (examined); immature (penultimate) female, Gayndah [25 ° 37 ' S, 151 ° 37 ' E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA] (NHM 1919.9.18.950) (examined). Other material examined. 46 males and 66 females (1 with eggsac and one with spiderlings), and 17 juveniles from 78 records (Appendix A).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B339F51BEF83AE6FC1DFD3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tasmanicosa semicincta is the only representative of the genus in which the black pattern on the ventral opisthosoma is restricted to a narrow transverse band behind the epigastric furrow (Figs 24 C – D). Male and female genital morphology resembles that of T. ramosa in having an extremely long ridge of the tegular apophysis (Fig. 24 J) and corresponding long epigyne (Fig. 24 G), but they can be distinguished, in addition to the ventral pattern by the more pointed processes of the tegular apophysis and smoother anterior parts of the median septum.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B339F51BEF83AE6FC1DFD3A.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on QM S 71191). Total length 14.2. Prosoma. Length 8.9, width 6.7; carapace reddish-brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern; median light band largely restricted to around fovea, marginal light bands narrow (Fig. 24 A); sternum light brown, covered with whitish setae (Fig. 24 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.34, ALE 0.27, PME 0.70, PLE 0.65. Chelicerae. Brown with an elongated patch of silvery setae frontally. Labium. Brown, with lighter anterior half (Fig. 24 A). Endites. Brown, with light setae in particular laterally (Fig. 24 A). Legs. Light brown, covered with silvery setae; venter of coxae light brown (Fig. 24 A). Opisthosoma. Length 6.7, width 4.7; dorsally with folium pattern bordered by narrow light bands in anterior half (Fig. 24 A); venter light brown with dark transverse band behind epigastric furrow (Fig. 24 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae; tip with approximately five macrosetae (Figs 24 E – F); ridge of tegular apophysis laterally exceeding cymbium edge and with very long ventral spur (Figs 6 G, 24 J – K); embolus long and thin; terminal apophysis sickle-shaped, broad and flat with acute tip (Figs 7 C, 24 I). Female (based on QM S 71174). Total length 15.6. Prosoma. Length 9.3, width 6.9; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Figs 24 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.37, ALE 0.36, PME 0.83, PLE 0.83. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 6.6, width 4.7; otherwise as male, but opisthosoma dorsally with more distinct light patches in anterior half (Figs 24 B, D). Epigyne. Approximately two and a half times as long as wide; median septum inverted T-shaped and slightly curved anteriorly (Fig. 24 G); spermathecal heads spherical and small, situated around one third along epigyne from base; spermathecal stalks S-shaped (Fig. 24 H).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B339F51BEF83AE6FC1DFD3A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Koch (1877) described his Lycosa semi-cincta from syntypes found in Rockhampton and Gayndah lodged in the Museum Godeffroy and (p. 910) found by ‘ Mr Daemel under rocks ’. Rack (1961) states that the female syntypes are missing, but the ZMH holds a female from Sydney (Museum Godeffroy 14567, Rack (1961) - catalogue 478). This female is accompanied with a label by L. Koch naming ‘ Daemel 127 ’ as collector. A second label reads ‘ Sidney’ and ‘ Rock’ suggesting that it may have been found in Rockhampton. Therefore, the female from Hamburg is here considered one of the syntypes in addition to a juvenile from Gayndah lodged in the NHM. Lycosa semicincta is the type species of the genus Orthocosa Roewer, 1955. Transferring the species to Tasmanicosa places Orthocosa in synonymy with Tasmanicosa, which places all other species currently listed in Orthocosa, all non-Australian of very diverse morphology, in Tasmanicosa. We do not agree with this placement and propose different generic placements for all these species based on a critical evaluation of available descriptions and illustrations of these species (Appendix A). Life history and habitat preferences. Few records of T. semicincta encompassed information on habitat, including Eucalyptus microtheca, E. largiflorens and Belah / rosewood woodlands. The species has also been found near human habitation (in house, open grass around pub on clayey, loamy soil). Males and females of T. semicincta have been found all year round but in slightly higher numbers in the spring and summer months (September – February). The single female with eggsac in collections was found in October, the single female with spiderlings in February.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B339F51BEF83AE6FC1DFD3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South-eastern Queensland and New South Wales (Fig. 25).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B349F53BEF83D9DFBBEFE37.taxon	description	(Figs 3 F, 25, 26 A – K)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B349F53BEF83D9DFBBEFE37.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype. Male, Mt Keith, 18.7 km E of Mt Keith homestead [27 ° 14 ' 55 ” S, 120 ° 41 ' 48 ” E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA], 24 September – 1 October 2005, pitfall trap, R. Teale (Biota), MK 015 A (WAM T 93536). Paratype. Female, Mt Keith, 22.5 km SE of Lake Way Homestead [27 ° 15 ' 04 ” S, 120 ° 45 ' 21 ” E, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA], 1 October 2005, R. Teale, Biota MKO 12 B pitfall trap (WAM T 85307). Other material examined. 88 males, 11 females and two juveniles in 78 records (Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B349F53BEF83D9DFBBEFE37.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition (stella, Latin – star) and refers to the light, basally starshaped pattern on the carapace, which is unique within the genus.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B349F53BEF83D9DFBBEFE37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male pedipalp and female epigyne morphology are most similar to that of T. kochorum, but T. stella can easily be distinguished from that species and all other Tasmanicosa by the light, basally star-shaped pattern on the carapace (Figs 26 A – B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B349F53BEF83D9DFBBEFE37.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on holotype, WAM T 93536). Total length 14.5. Prosoma. Length 8.0, width 5.6; carapace brown; with indistinct Union-Jack pattern but species-specific light median pattern resembling a star posteriorly and with a widening fork anteriorly and indistinct marginal bands (Fig 26 A); sternum brown with darker setae (Fig. 26 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.41, ALE 0.34, PME 0.72, PLE 0.60. Chelicerae. Dark brown with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Dark brown, with lighter anterior rim (Fig. 26 C). Endites. Brown, with apico-medially lighter rim (Fig. 26 C). Legs. Uniformly brown, femora somewhat darker and slightly mottled. Opisthosoma. Length 6.6, width 4.3; dorsally dark olive-brown with irregular light patches formed by white pubescence (Fig. 26 A); venter dark brown to black and covered with black setae (Fig. 26 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally with dense layer of silvery setae, tip with ca. 6 macrosetae (Figs 26 E – F); ridge of tegular apophysis very slightly curved and slightly shorter than tegular apophysis width (Figs 26 I – J); embolus sickle-shaped tapering gently towards tip; terminal apophysis sickle-shaped, almost straight (Fig. 26 K). Female (based on paratype, WAM T 85307). Total length 15.6. Prosoma. Length 8.2, width 5.6; carapace and sternum colouration as male (26 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.35, ALE 0.26, PME 0.86, PLE 0.66. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 7.1, width 5.3, otherwise as male, but opisthosoma with banded pattern in posterior half and venter of coxae somewhat lighter (Figs 26 B, D). Epigyne. Slightly longer than wide; median septum inverted T-shaped and slightly bulging anteriorly (Fig. 26 G); spermathecal heads longer than wide and only slightly wider than spermathecal stalks; spermathecal stalks convoluted basally (Figs 26 H). Life history and habitat preferences. Tasmanicosa stella has been found in a variety of open, semi-arid bush and grasslands, such as Belah chenopod bushland, mallee with Leptospermum spp. understorey and mallee / spinifex (Triodia sp.) scrubland. Mature males of T. stella have been found from September to December, with one isolated occurrence in March. Similarly, mature females peaked from October to December, but three records were from March, June and July, respectively.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B349F53BEF83D9DFBBEFE37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa stella has the centre of its distribution in South Australia, but can also be found in New South Wales and Victoria to the east and Western Australia to the west (Fig. 25).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B369F4CBEF83E99FDA5FE37.taxon	description	(Figs 3 S, 4 K, 27 A – K, 28)	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B369F4CBEF83E99FDA5FE37.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Syntypes. 2 females (one without opisthosoma), Vandiemensland (= Tasmania, AUSTRALIA), Schayer (ZMB 1962) (examined). Other material examined. 27 males, 63 females (three with eggsac and two with spiderlings) and 14 juveniles in 75 records (see Appendix B).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B369F4CBEF83E99FDA5FE37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females of T. subrufa resemble T. ramosa and T. semicincta in having a tegular apophysis with an extremely long ventral process and corresponding long epigyne, but can easily be distinguished from these species by colouration. Whereas the venter of T. subrufa is entirely black, it has a limited triangular black patch in T. ramosa (which also has a very distinctive dorsal opisthosoma pattern of transverse white lines) and is limited to a black transverse band behind the epigastric furrow in T. semicincta.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B369F4CBEF83E99FDA5FE37.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on QM S 66654). Total length 15.8. Prosoma. Length 9.3, width 7.2; carapace dark brown with genus-specific Union-Jack pattern and distinct narrow median and marginal light bands (Fig. 27 A); sternum dark brown (Fig. 27 C). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.34, ALE 0.39, PME 0.76, PLE 0.68. Chelicerae. Dark brown with an elongated patch of golden setae frontally. Labium. Glabrous dark brown with light brown anterior rim (Fig. 27 C). Endites. Glabrous dark brown (Fig. 27 C). Legs. Uniformly light brown, covered with silvery setae; coxae dark brown (Fig. 27 C). Opisthosoma. Length 9.0, width 5.3; dorsally with folium pattern anteriorly and thin, transverse light wavy lines posteriorly (Fig. 27 A); venter very dark brown to black (Fig. 27 C). Pedipalps. Cymbium dorsally covered with a dense layer of silvery setae; tip with 3 – 5 macrosetae (Figs 27 E – F); ridge of tegular apophysis exceeding tegular apophysis width, ventral process very long (Figs 27 J – K); embolus thin; terminal apophysis broad, flat with slightly notched tip (Fig. 27 I). Female (based on QM S 66654). Total length 19.7. Prosoma. Length 11.1, width 8.3; carapace and sternum colouration as male (Figs 27 B, D). Eyes. Diameter of AME 0.35, ALE 0.38, PME 0.83, PLE 0.70. Chelicerae, labium, endites, legs and opisthosoma. Opisthosoma length 9.5, width 6.5; otherwise as male, but chelicerae without frontal patch of golden setae (Figs 27 B, D). Epigyne. Approximately two and a half times longer than wide, median septum inverted T-shaped, medially widened and gently curved anteriorly and generally asymmetrical (Fig. 27 G); spermathecal heads small, situated approximately at one third distance from epigyne base; spermathecal stalks slightly S-shaped (Fig. 27 H).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B369F4CBEF83E99FDA5FE37.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The syntypes of T. subrufa were initially dry-pinned and subsequently transferred into 70 % ethanol. The colour pattern is not well preserved and therefore the species is redescribed from representative fresh specimens. Life history and habitat preferences. The few records of T. subrufa with some description of their habitat are not very conclusive in relation to habitat preferences for the species. They include sand hill on paddock, sandy ground, sphagnum moss, tussock grassland, wet sclerophyll forest and east-facing slope. Mature males of T. subrufa have been found from November to March with a peak in December and mature females mainly from November to May, with few records from August and September. Females with eggsac were found in December and March and those with spiderlings in February.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B369F4CBEF83E99FDA5FE37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasmanicosa subrufa has mainly been recorded from Tasmania, but there are isolated records on the Australian mainland coast from Tuross (New South Wales), Port Lincoln and Kangaroo Hill (South Australia) and Warrnambool (Victoria) (Fig. 28).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B289F4EBEF83900FB94FD83.taxon	description	Allocosa excursor (L. Koch). — Platnick 1993: 472 (misspelled).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B289F4EBEF83900FB94FD83.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Syntypes. 1 immature male, 1 immature female, “ Brinsbane ” (= Brisbane) [27 ° 28 ’ S, 153 ° 01 ’ E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA] (ZMB 3475) (examined).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B289F4EBEF83900FB94FD83.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Koch (1867) described this species from a male and a female collected in Brisbane (Queensland), but did not elaborate if these were mature spiders or not. Rack (1961) reported the ‘ holotype’ male of L. excusor missing in the ZMH, disregarding that the species was described on a syntype series. However, she listed two females (both immature, VWF pers. observation) from Brisbane [27 ° 28 ’ S, 153 ° 01 ’ E, Queensland] (ZMH, (Rack (1961) - catalogue 453; Museum Godeffroy 2263). Ignoring Rack’s (1961) inventory, McKay (1985) listed three syntypes of Lycosa excusor from the NHM. However, two of these specimens (1 male, 1 female, NHM 1919.9.18.335 – 336) were collected in Port McKay (Queensland) and cannot be syntypes. These are T. stella sp. nov. (VWF examined; see Appendix B). The other specimen (1 female, NHM 1919.9.18.334) was collected in Brisbane, however, is a mature female T. godeffroyi (VWF examined; see Appendix B). Two spiders, an immature male and an immature female, collected in Brisbane and lodged in the ZMB most closely match Koch’s (1867) description and are here considered the most likely syntype candidates for L. excusor. Taking into account the uncertainty of any of the above listed spiders to be the types of L. excusor and the fact that the most likely candidates are immature (in combination with the fact that many species of Tasmanicosa are somatically very similar) it appears best to not arbitrarily choose one of these as lectotype, but consider the species, which cannot be identified based on Koch’s (1867) description alone, as nomen dubium.	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B2B9F4EBEF83DD5FC15FB68.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Syntypes. Immature male, Sydney [33 ° 53 ’ S, 151 ° 13 ’ E, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA] (NHM 1919.9.18.412); immature female, same locality (ZMH Rack (1961) - catalogue 461, Museum Godeffroy); immature, Rockhampton [23 ° 22 ' S, 150 ° 30 ' E, Queensland, AUSTRALIA] (ZMH Rack (1961) - catalogue 461, Museum Godeffroy) (all examined).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
0B32B23C7B2B9F4EBEF83DD5FC15FB68.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All known syntypes of Lycosa infensa conform to the somatic characters of the generic diagnosis of Tasmanicosa as presented here due to their carapace and opisthosoma colouration as illustrated in Koch (1877). However, all syntypes are immature spiders and taking into account the somatic similarities of many species within the genus, the true identity of L. infensa cannot be established. The species is therefore considered a nomen dubium. Roewer (1955) transferred this species to Scaptocosa Banks, 1904, a junior synonym of Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904, where it is currently listed (World Spider Catalog 2016).	en	Framenau, Volker W., Baehr, Barbara C. (2016): Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa 4213 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1
