identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A0187B77F76FFC9A0A5CC2EFC8BB73B.text	0A0187B77F76FFC9A0A5CC2EFC8BB73B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vamuna Moore 1878	<div><p>Genus Vamuna Moore, 1878</p><p>Vamuna Moore, 1878, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878: 10.</p><p>Type species: Lithosia remelana Moore, 1866, by the original designation.</p><p>Remark. The genus was characterized by Holloway (2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A0187B77F76FFC9A0A5CC2EFC8BB73B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2021): On the taxonomy of the genus Vamuna Moore with description of a new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 48: 1-8, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.1
0A0187B77F76FFCDA0A5CD37FB50B477.text	0A0187B77F76FFCDA0A5CD37FB50B477.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vamuna suoya Volynkin 2021	<div><p>Vamuna suoya sp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2B1CA0CA-FF16-4136-AE30-49096168D5A8</p><p>(Figs 1, 2, 9, 10, 15)</p><p>Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 9): male, “ Taiwan, Prov. Taitung, above Liyuan, 1950m, upper forest zone, 15.VI.1997, leg. B. Herczig &amp; L. Ronkay ” / “Slide ZSM Arct. 2021-012 ♂ A. Volynkin ” (MWM / ZSM).</p><p>Paratypes. TAIWAN: 67 specimens of both sexes, the same data as in the holotype; 200 specimens of both sexes, Taitung County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.98333/lat 23.216667)">5 km NW of Lirao</a>, 23°13'N, 120°59'E, 1760m, 28. V.1995, M. Hreblay &amp; P. Steger leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2021-111 (male), ZSM Arct. 2021-112 (female) (prepared by Volynkin); 8 males, 11 females, Taitung County, Hsiangyang, 2200m, 13–14. VI.1997, B. Herczig &amp; L. Ronkay leg.; 1 male, Taitung County, 2 km E Hsiangyang, 2200m, 20. V.1997, Gy.M. László &amp; G. László leg.; 1 male, Hualien County, 6 km SE Juisui, 200m, 22. V.1997, Gy.M. László &amp; G. László leg.; 19 males, 9 females, Taitung County, Mutien, 1500m, 21. V.1997, Gy.M. László &amp; G. László leg.; 2 males, 1 female, Ilan County, 1550m, Suyuan, near Pinan at the Road 7/1, 6. VI.1997, B. Herczig &amp; L. Ronkay leg. (all in MWM / ZSM).</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species externally differs from V. subnigra and V. gynaegrapha in the pale brown thorax and forewing colouration whereas it is yellow-ochreous in V. subnigra and pale yellow in V. gynaegrapha . The male genital capsule of V. suoya sp. n. is similar to that of V. subnigra but distinguished by the narrower uncus, the narrower costal plate with a smoother dorso-proximal protrusion, and the thinner distal saccular process bearing smaller spinules. The phalli of the two species are almost identical and display no remarkable differences. The vesica of V. suoya sp. n. is somewhat broader than in V. subnigra and has a broader ventral diverticulum. The male genital capsule of the new species clearly differs from that of V. gynaegrapha in the broader and medially curved uncus, the wider arms of the tegumen, the wider valva with a conspicuously longer and wider costal plate, the sacculus lacking a short dorsal protrusion at the base of the distal process, and the thicker and distally rectangular distal saccular process bearing more numerous spinules apically, whereas the distal saccular process of V. gynaegrapha is apically tapered and bears a short but robust spine apically and a few smaller spinules subapically. The phallus of V. suoya sp. n. is proximally broader than in V. gynaegrapha and bears a basally broader dorsal carinal thorn. Compared to V. gynaegrapha, the vesica of V. suoya sp. n. is broader, has a longer and broader long ventral diverticulum, and weaker graniculi on the distal diverticulum. The female genitalia of the new species are similar to those of V. subnigra but distinguished by the somewhat longer and anteriorly narrower ductus bursae, the narrower corpus bursae with a smaller signum bursae, and the broader appendix bursae. Compared to V. gynaegrapha, the female genitalia of V. suoya sp. n. have a markedly longer ductus bursae, broader corpus and appendix bursae, and a smaller signum bursae.</p><p>Description. Adult (Figs 1, 2). Forewing length 16.0–17.0 mm in males and 17.0–18.0 mm in females. Sexual dimorphism limited: female slightly larger than male and having somewhat narrower forewing and paler hindwing. Antenna pale ochreous basally and brown medially and distally, weakly ciliate in male and filiform in female. Head ochreous-brown. Thorax monotonous pale brown. Forewing elongate with subapically convex costal margin. Forewing pale brown with ochreous suffusion along costa subbasally and medially. Costa edged with black scales basally and subbasally. Medial area with more or less triangular spot at costal margin and smaller rounded spot between Cu 2 and A 1. Cilia pale brown with admixture of black scales at apex. Hindwing pale ochreous-creamy with ochreous suffusion along outer margin. Cilia pale ochreous-creamy. Male genitalia (Figs 9, 10). Uncus elongate and slender, laterally flattened, medially curved and dilated, distally tapered with tiny claw-shaped tip. Tegumen short with arms dilated anteriorly. Tuba analis broad and membranous. Vinculum equal in length to tegumen, with thin and weakly sclerotised arms, more or less U-shaped anteriorly. Valva lobular, dilated medially and distally. Costa forming long and broad plate with proximally convex dorsal margin. Distal membranous lobe very short, rounded. Sacculus narrow. Distal saccular process robust, slightly up curved distally, apically rectangular and bearing numerous short but robust spinules. Juxta weakly sclerotised, X-shaped with broader posterior branches. Phallus tubular, proximally dilated, with short and apically rounded coecum and short triangular subapical carinal thorn directed dorsally. Vesica broad, sack-like; dorsal diverticulum short and membranous; longer ventral diverticulum subapically curved, membranous; shorter ventral diverticulum semiglobular; distal diverticulum broad, semiglobular, bearing granulation. Vesica ejaculatorius originating from distal end of vesica, directed ventro-distally. Female genitalia (Fig.15). Papilla analis broad, trapezoid with rounded corners, setose. Apophyses elongate and thin, more or less equal in length. Ostium bursae moderately broad. Ductus bursae elongate, laterally flattened, dilated anteriorly, moderately sclerotised medially and anteriorly and membranous posteriorly; ventral margin of ostium with two short weakly sclerotised posterior protrusions medially. Corpus bursae pyriform, membranous with weakly sclerotised posterior end and small elliptical and granulate signum latero-anteriorly. Appendix bursae membranous, positioned postero-laterally, broad, clavate.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to Taiwan Island.</p><p>Etymology. Suo Ya is a character of the Taiwanese Legend of Muddy River.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A0187B77F76FFCDA0A5CD37FB50B477	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2021): On the taxonomy of the genus Vamuna Moore with description of a new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 48: 1-8, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.1
0A0187B77F72FFCEA0A5CEF5FEFDB020.text	0A0187B77F72FFCEA0A5CEF5FEFDB020.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vamuna subnigra (Leech 1899) Volynkin 2021	<div><p>Vamuna subnigra (Leech, 1899), comb. n.</p><p>(Figs 3–5, 11, 12, 16)</p><p>Oenistis subnigra Leech, 1899, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1899: 179 (Type locality: [China, W Sichuan Prov., Wa Shan Mt.] “Wa- shan”).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype (Fig. 3): male, “Washan, 6000 ft., Pratt coll. July 1889 ” / “ OEonistis subnigra sp. n. Type ♂ ” / red ring “ Type ” label / “Leech Coll.1900-64” / QR- code label with unique number " NHMUK010401923 " (NHMUK).</p><p>Additional material examined. CHINA: 1 male, [Sichuan, Guan Xian] Szetschwan, Kwanhsien, Exp. Stötzner, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2021-107 (prepared by Volynkin) ; 3 males, 6 females, Sichuan, Quingchenghoushan Mts., 70 km NW Chengdu, 1400m, 1–7. VI.2005, S., V., M. Murzin leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019-959, ZSM Arct. 2021-109 (males), ZSM Arct. 2021-110 (female) (prepared by Volynkin); (all in MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Sichuan, Xiling Xue Shan Mt., N30°40.087', E103°13.251', 1450m, 11–12.VII.2010, Chen Gun leg., gen. prep. No.: AV6492 (prepared by Volynkin) (AFM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 16.0–17.5 mm in males and 17.0–18.0 mm in females. The species varies in the shade of the forewing ground colour and the size of the black spots on the forewing. However, the male genitalia of various forms display no differences. Vamuna subnigra is most similar to V. suoya sp. n., the differences are discussed in detail above in the diagnosis of the new species.</p><p>Distribution. Known from Southwest China (Sichuan Province) (Leech 1899; Daniel 1953). The records from Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang and Fujiang (Daniel 1953; Fang 2000) require clarification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A0187B77F72FFCEA0A5CEF5FEFDB020	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2021): On the taxonomy of the genus Vamuna Moore with description of a new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 48: 1-8, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.1
0A0187B77F71FFCEA0A5CA3DFF34B434.text	0A0187B77F71FFCEA0A5CA3DFF34B434.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vamuna gynaegrapha (de Joannis 1930) Volynkin 2021	<div><p>Vamuna gynaegrapha (de Joannis, 1930), comb. n.</p><p>(Figs 6–8, 13, 14)</p><p>Lithosia gynaegrapha de Joannis, 1930, Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 98 (Supplement): 755 (Type locality: [N Vietnam, Lào Cai Province, Sa Pa] “ Cha pa”).</p><p>Type material examined. Photographs of the holotype (Fig. 6): male, “Cha pa Tonkin (Pételot)” / “ Lithosia gynaegramma Type de Joannis” / “1920–1932 coll. L. &amp; J. de Joannis Muséum Paris ” / red label “Holotype” / “ Lithosia gynaegrapha Joan. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr., 1929, 98 Suppl. p. 517 H.T. (P. Viette X-1952)” / “ MNHN Arctiidae GU 2012 -007” / QR- code label with unique number “ MNHN, Paris EL54135” (MNHN).</p><p>Additional material examined. VIETNAM: 14 males, 6 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76667/lat 22.25)">North Vietnam</a>, Fan-si-pan Mt., Cha pa, 2400m, NN, 22°15'N, 103°46'E, 8–29. V.1993, Sinyaev &amp; Simonov leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019-957, ZSM Arct. 2021-118 (males), ZSM Arct. 2021-108, ZSM Arct. 2021-119 (females) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 14.5–16.0 mm in males and 16.5–17.5 mm in females. The species varies in the size of the black spots on the forewing. Vamuna gynaegrapha is recognisable by the pale yellow body and forewing ground colour. The male genital capsule of V. gynaegrapha differs from those of V. suoya sp. n. and V. subnigra in the straight and evenly slender uncus, the narrower arms of the tegumen, the pyramidal juxta, the narrower valva with an almost straight dorsal margin and a costa forming a markedly smaller plate distally, the sacculus having a short dorsal protrusion at the base of the distal process, and the narrower and apically tapered distal saccular process bearing a short but robust spine apically and a few smaller spinules subapically. The phallus of V. gynaegrapha is proximally narrower than in V. suoya sp. n. and V. subnigra and bears a basally narrower dorsal carinal thorn. Compared to V. suoya sp. n. and V. subnigra, the vesica of V. gynaegrapha is narrower, has a shorter and narrower long ventral diverticulum, and larger graniculi on the distal diverticulum. The female genitalia clearly differ from those of the two congeners in the markedly shorter ductus bursae, the conspicuously shorter and narrower corpus and appendix bursae, and the longer signum bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Known from North Vietnam (Lào Cai Province) (de Joannis 1930; Dubatolov et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A0187B77F71FFCEA0A5CA3DFF34B434	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.	Volynkin, Anton V. (2021): On the taxonomy of the genus Vamuna Moore with description of a new species from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 48: 1-8, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.48.1
