identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A2487E5FF81B645B5CB1103DF63F3F9.text	0A2487E5FF81B645B5CB1103DF63F3F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyene crudelis Peckham & Peckham 1903	<div><p>♂ Thyene crudelis Peckham &amp; Peckham 1903</p> <p>This species, for which only the male was described, is of interest to us because Berland &amp; Millot (1941) synonymized it with Thyene coccineovitta (Hyllus coccineovittatus Simon 1886), but also associated the male with the drawing of a female Thyene (Figure1, 71B) that resembles our Thyene cf. pulchra from Rio de Janeiro (Mariante &amp; Hill 2018).</p> <p>Although the Peckhams (1903) only listed two males from Durban, South Africa, there are three males in the Peckham collection (MCZ: IZ:20956; Table 2) associated with this locality (Figures 2-4). The Peckhams described yellowish-white, iridescent scales in a band across the front of the eye region, in bands around the eye region, and comprising a middorsal band on the opisthosoma where it was edged with red. Behind this were several pairs of white spots. There was a single stout tooth on the posterior margin of each fang groove and the endites were extended to a point anterolaterally (Figure 3). The Peckhams drew a pedipalp with many coils of the apophysis and a very small retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA); the RTA is even smaller in their specimens and if present is partly concealed behind the coiled apophysis (Figure 4).</p> <p>Based on this review, it is reasonable to associate Thyene crudelis with subsequent illustrations of the male T. coccineovittata (Berland &amp; Millot 1941; Wesołowska &amp; Haddad 2009; Oger &amp; Van Keer 2017). But did Berland &amp; Millot correctly synonymize T. crudelis with the latter species in 1941? If not, then the much earlier name of T. crudelis Peckham &amp; Peckham (1903) has priority. Simon (1886) described the male Hyllus coccineovittatus, from Dakar, Senegal, but did not designate any type specimens. Berland &amp; Millot wrote that they subsequently examined some of Simon's specimens, in poor condition, but we have not yet been able to locate these and suspect that they no longer exist. However a number of features in Simon's Neolatin (text only) description of H. coccineovittatus lead us to concur with Berland &amp; Millot in their synonymy of T. crudelis. These include the presence and distribution of yellowish scales, the stout posterior tooth of the fang groove, and the long spiral embolus, distinct lateral cymbial tuft, and very small (minutissima dentiformi) RTA of the pedipalp.</p> <p>Figure 4. Pedipalps associated with three male specimens labeled Thyene crudelis from the Peckham Collection (1-3 &amp; 5-6, 8- 10, 11, 12; MCZ:IZ:20956), with the Peckhams' published drawings of a left pedipalp (4) and tibia with small apophysis (7). Two of these pedipalps (1-3 &amp; 5-6, 8-10) were loose in the specimen vial and almost all appendages of the three specimens were detached. However both pedipalps (11-12) were still attached to male #3 (see Figure 2:5-7). In each specimen the RTA, if visible, was very small and hidden behind the coils of the embolus (3, arrow, corresponding to 4).</p> <p>The identify of the female Thyene coccineovittata is far less certain. The description of salticid species has often been troubled by the erroneous association (or lack thereof) of dimorphic males and females, and there is no consensus on how this should be decided in the absence of solid evidence from the field (Edwards 2014). As noted above, the female described by Berland &amp; Millot (1941) looks like the Thyene cf. pulchra that we previously reported from Brazil (Mariante &amp; Hill 2018) in dorsal view, but their drawing of the epigynum does not agree with that species. Their dorsal view of the female is, however, compatible with Simon's brief description of the female H. coccineovittatus. Berland &amp; Millot also synonymized the female (but not the male) T. ogdeni with T. coccineovittata. In the next section we will discuss why we think that the latter synonymy is not valid.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A2487E5FF81B645B5CB1103DF63F3F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hill, David E.;Mariante, Rafael M.	Hill, David E., Mariante, Rafael M. (2019): Review of specimens corresponding to three species of Thyene (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippini) in the Peckham Collection. Peckhamia 185 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5093362
0A2487E5FF89B64BB5C612A3D9D0F3DE.text	0A2487E5FF89B64BB5C612A3D9D0F3DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyene pulchra Peckham & Peckham 1903	<div><p>♀ Thyene pulchra Peckham &amp; Peckham 1903</p> <p>There are two vials (MCZ:IZ:22787: 6 females, labeled as the type, and MCZ:IZ:151905: 2 females and 2 penultimate males, all from Durban) representing Thyene pulchra in the Peckham Collection (Figures 9- 10). In their description the Peckhams (1903) listed only 5 females from Durban. Although the dorsal view of the female Thyene coccineovittata drawn by Berland &amp; Millot (1941; Figure 1:71B) agrees with the Peckhams description of the female T. pulchra, to date this species has maintained a separate identity. Our female Thyene cf. pulchra from Brazil (Mariante &amp; Hill 2018; to be updated in the near future) also agrees in general appearance with the original description of this species by the Peckhams as well as the more recent description by Wesołowska &amp; Haddad (2009).</p> <p>The dark, paired spots of the posterodorsal opisthosoma of this species are faded but still visible in the older specimens (Figure 9). The epigynum (Figure 10) is very lightly sclerotized, and in recent specimens (Wesołowska &amp; Haddad 2009) only the "parentheses" situated toward the anterior end of the epigynal plate are readily visible from the exterior. Sclerotization of these structures is much lighter than that seen in the female T. ogdeni (Figure 8). The Peckhams' drawing of the epigynum of T. pulchra (Figure 10:9) is confusing, but can best be interpreted as a sketch of the sclerotized "parentheses" of the syntype shown in Figure 10:3, with the anterior end drawn at the bottom of the figure. Presently the best reference description for the female T. pulchra (male not known) can be found in Wesołowska &amp; Haddad (2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A2487E5FF89B64BB5C612A3D9D0F3DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hill, David E.;Mariante, Rafael M.	Hill, David E., Mariante, Rafael M. (2019): Review of specimens corresponding to three species of Thyene (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippini) in the Peckham Collection. Peckhamia 185 (1): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5093362
