identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A2187E1FFFD415E2A8611FEB439FB72.text	0A2187E1FFFD415E2A8611FEB439FB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterixalus tricolor (Blommers-Schlosser 1982)	<div><p>Heterixalus tricolor</p><p>The description of external morphology is based on a specimen in stage 30, field number 56#25, from Kirindy Forest (TL 23.23 mm, BL 8.14 mm; Tables 1-2, Fig. 1).</p><p>External morphology. In the dorsal view, the body form is ovoid. Its widest point lies in the distal half to three-quarters of the body. The snout is broadly rounded. In profile, the body is slightly depressed (BW 110% of BH). Its maximal height is in its distal half shortly behind mid-body. The snout is pointed. The eyes are moderately sized (ED 14% of BL). Their position is lateral with a dorsolateral orientation, visible in the ventral view. Nares are located dorsolaterally, nearer to the snout than to the eyes. They have a dark spot on their back and open both dorso- and anterolaterally. Their opening form is round. The distance between nostrils is about one third of the distance between orbitals (NN 35% of IOD). The spiracle is sinistral and visible in the dorsal view. Its opening is located at maximum body width, shortly below the level of the proximal end of the tail myotomes axis. Its inner wall is free from the body, formed in a way that the aperture opens more laterally than posterodorsally. The vent tube is dextral, very short, and not attached to the ventral fin. The coiled gut is visible. The tail is nearly twice as long as the body (TAL 185% of BL). The tail muscle is narrow (TMW 34% of BW) and low (TMH 41% of BH, TMHM 32% of THM). At the highest point, which lies in its proximal quarter to half, the tail is nearly as high as the body (MTH 87% of BH). From that point, the tail height continuously lowers towards the pointed tail tip (THM 77% of MTH), which is reached by the tail muscle. The dorsal fin originates proximal to the body tail junction. The fin is pointed in its origin and widens towards the point of maximum tail height. From that point, dorsal fin height remains mostly constant until it starts lowering in the distal half of the tail towards the fin’s pointed end at the tail tip. The ventral fin originates at the body tail junction. It reaches its maximum height, which is lower than the maximum height of the dorsal fin, in the proximal quarter of the tail. The height remains mostly constant until it starts lowering in the distal half of the tail towards the fin’s pointed tail tip.</p><p>The oral disc is small (ODW32% of BW), and its type is generalized without emargination. Its position and orientation are anteroventral. Ventrally and laterally, on the lower labium, there is a single row of very few marginal papillae and some submarginal papillae. The papillae are rounded and form a moderately sized dorsal gap (DG 47% of ODW). On the upper labium, the labial teeth form one long row (A1 is 64% of ODW). The LTRF is 1/3(1), P3 is much shorter than P1 and P2. Labial teeth have three to four cusps. The jaws sheaths are wide (JL 54% of ODW) with pointed serrations at the edges. Jaws sheaths are half keratinized. The upper jaw sheath is arched, the lower one is V-shaped. Closed, the upper jaw sheath covers the lower one.</p><p>Coloration in preservative. The body of the tadpole is pigmented dorsally and on the anterior part of the sides. The pigmentation is most prominent around the lower halves of the eyes. There is hardly any pigmentation at the abdomen and on the lower, distal sides of the body. The coiled gut is visible. Pigmentation is weak on the spiracle and nonexistent on the limb buds. The eyes are black. The dorsal fin and the tail muscle have only sparse pigmentation. The ventral fin is mostly without pigmentation. There is a dark brown line on parts of the tail myotomes axis. The oral disc has no pigments except for the dark brown keratinized parts of the jaws sheaths and the labial teeth.</p><p>Variation. The external morphology and general appearance was very similar between specimens. The ratios taken on five tadpoles in stages 30 to 35 vary in the following proportions: BH 108-118% of BW; ED 14-15% of BL; NN 26-37% of IOD; TAL 176-188% of BL; TMW 25-34% of BW; TMH 37-42% of BH; TMHM 25-32% of THM; THM 77-90% of MTH; MTH 80-91% of BH; DF 87-162% of TMHM; VF 122-135% of TMHM; DF 67- 125% of VF; ODW 28-32% of BW; DG 45-57% of ODW; A1 62-69% of ODW; JL 52-60% of ODW.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A2187E1FFFD415E2A8611FEB439FB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Griep, Stine;Glos, Julian	Griep, Stine, Glos, Julian (2020): Description of tadpoles of the frogs Heterixalus tricolor, H. carbonei and H luteostriatus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from western Madagascar. Zootaxa 4767 (2): 332-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.8
0A2187E1FFFE41502A861407B43AFEF6.text	0A2187E1FFFE41502A861407B43AFEF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterixalus carbonei Vences, Glaw, Jesu & Schimmenti 2000	<div><p>Heterixalus carbonei</p><p>The description of the external morphology is based on a specimen in stage 31, field number 61HiwaB7.3.01, from Kirindy Forest (TL 22.56 mm, BL 7.63 mm; Table 1-2, Fig. 2).</p><p>External morphology. In the dorsal view, the body has an ovoid form. Its widest point lies in the distal half to three quarters of the body. The snout is broadly rounded. In profile, the body is slightly depressed (BW 113% of BH). Its maximal height is in its distal half shortly behind mid-body. The snout is pointed. The eyes are moderately sized (ED 14% of BL) in a lateral position with dorsolateral orientation, and visible in the ventral view. Nares are located dorsolaterally, closer to the snout than to the eyes. They have a dark spot on their back and open both dorso- and anterolaterally in a round opening form. The distance between nostrils is about one quarter of the inter-orbital distance (NN 26% of IOD). The spiracle is sinistral and visible in the dorsal view. Its opening is located at maximum body width, shortly below the level of the proximal end of the tail myotomes axis. The spiracle opens posterodorsally, and its inner wall is free from the body. The vent tube is dextral, very short, and detached from the ventral fin. The coiled gut is visible. The tail is twice as long as the body (TAL 196% of BL). The tail muscle is narrow (TMW 32% of BW) and low (TMH 49% of BH). It rapidly converges (TMHM 22% of THM) until it reaches the pointed tail tip. Dorsal and ventral fins originate pointed at the body tail junction. The dorsal fin diverges to maximum height in the proximal quarter to half of the tail and starts converging towards its pointed tail tip in the distal quarter to half. The ventral fin reaches the comparably lower maximum height in the proximal quarter. Fin forms result in a tail that is at its maximum, which is in the proximal quarter to half of the tail (THM 67% of MTH), as high as the body (MTH 97% of BH).</p><p>The oral disc type is generalized without emargination and of moderate size (ODW 41% of BW). Its position and orientation are anteroventrally. On the lower labium, there is a single row of very few marginal papillae. Ventrally and laterally, there are some submarginal papillae. The longish and rounded papillae form a moderately sized dorsal gap (DG 55% of ODW). The LTRF is 1/3(1), P3 is much shorter than P1 and P2. Labial teeth have three to four cusps. The upper tooth row has at least half the width of the oral disc (A1 51% of ODW). The same is true for the jaw sheaths (JL 59% of ODW). The jaws sheaths are half keratinized with pointed serrations on their edges. The upper jaw sheath has a broad, arched form, while the lower one is V-shaped.</p><p>Coloration in preservative. Laterally, the tadpole is faintly pigmented in the anterior half and strongly pigmented in the posterior half. The coiled gut is visible. Dorsally, there is a broad strip of pigmentation that forks anteriorly. The fins and the lateral tail muscle show sparse pigmentation with a web of fine brown lines on the muscle and the dorsal fin. The limb buds are without pigmentation as well as the spiracle, which is transparent. The eyes are black. Ventrally, there is hardly any pigmentation, including the oral disc, which has dark brown pigments solely on the keratinized part of the jaws sheaths and the labial teeth.</p><p>Variation. The external morphology and general appearance was very similar between specimens. The ratios taken on five tadpoles in stages 27 to 31 vary in the following proportions: BH 104-133% of BW; ED 12-14% of BL; NN 24-46% of IOD; TAL 168-196% of BL; TMW 22-31% of BW; TMH 31-49% of BH; TMHM 21-28% of THM; THM 71-89% of MTH; MTH 68-97% of BH; DF 121-196% of TMHM; VF 126-177% of TMHM; DF 95 116% of VF; ODW 31-41% of BW; DG 39-55% of ODW; A1 51-61% of ODW; JL 51-59% of ODW.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A2187E1FFFE41502A861407B43AFEF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Griep, Stine;Glos, Julian	Griep, Stine, Glos, Julian (2020): Description of tadpoles of the frogs Heterixalus tricolor, H. carbonei and H luteostriatus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from western Madagascar. Zootaxa 4767 (2): 332-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.8
0A2187E1FFF041512A86108AB2C0F990.text	0A2187E1FFF041512A86108AB2C0F990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterixalus luteostriatus (Glaw & Vences 2007)	<div><p>Heterixalus luteostriatus</p><p>The description of the external morphology is based on a specimen in stage 30, field number 2_Kirindy, from Kirindy Forest (TL 21.58 mm, BL 8.64 mm; Table 1-2, Fig. 3).</p><p>External morphology. In the dorsal view, the body has an ovoid form with its widest point in the distal half to three-quarters of the body. The snout is broadly rounded. In profile, the body is depressed (BW 126% of BH), with its highest point in the distal half shortly behind mid-body. The snout is pointed. Moderately sized eyes (ED 13% of BL) are in a lateral position with a dorsolateral orientation. They are not visible in the ventral view. Nares are externally invisible. The spiracle is sinistral and visible in the dorsal view. It opens posterodorsally, at the broadest part of the body, slightly below the level of the proximal end of the tail myotomes axis. Its inner wall is free from the body. The vent tube is dextral, very short, and not attached to the ventral fin. The coiled gut is visible in an irregular shape. The tail reaches a length of about one and a half body lengths (TAL is 150% of BL). The tail muscle, which reaches the pointed tail tip, is narrow (TMW 36% of BW) and low both in the origin (TMH 46% of BH) and at mid-tail (TMHM 36% of THM). At its maximum height, which lies in the proximal quarter to half of the tail, the tail has a similar height as the body (MTH 98% of BH). More distal, at mid-tail, the tail height remains comparably high (THM 97% of MTH).</p><p>Dorsal and ventral fins have their pointed origin at the body tail junction. Both fins reach their maximum height, which is lower in the ventral fin than in the dorsal fin, in the proximal quarter to half of the tail. The height remains mostly constant until both fins start converging in the distal half of the tail to a pointed tail tip.</p><p>The oral disc is small and generalized without emargination (ODW 29% of BW). It has an anteroventral position and orientation. On the lower labium, there is a single row of very few marginal papillae. Ventrally and laterally, there are some submarginal papillae. The papillae are rounded and form a moderately sized dorsal gap (DG 60% of ODW). The LTRF is 1/3(1), P3 is much shorter than P1 and P2. The upper tooth row is about half as wide as the oral disc (A1 53% of ODW). Serrated labial teeth have two to three cusps. The wide jaws sheaths (JL 71% of ODW) have edges with pointed serrations. The upper jaw sheath has a broad, round form while the lower one is V-shaped. Both jaws sheaths are half keratinized.</p><p>Coloration in preservative. Dorsally, the body of the tadpole shows uniform pigmentation. Laterally, the pigmentation pattern is fading. Pigmentation is particularly sparse in the area between the pigmented spiracle and the tail. There are parts of light brown pigmentation on the transparent abdomen, the coiled gut is visible. The limb buds are without pigmentation. The eyes are black. A pattern of uniformly pigmented patches covers the tail. Scattered spots of pigmentation are visible in the papillae of the oral disc. The teeth and the keratinized parts of the jaws sheaths are blackish-brown.</p><p>Variation. The external morphology and general appearance were very similar between specimens. The ratios taken on five tadpoles in stages 25 to 34 vary in the following proportions: BH 116-127% of BW; ED 12-13% of BL; TAL 150-168% of BL; TMW 21-36% of BW; TMH 29-49% of BH; TMHM 31-36% of THM; THM 83-97% of MTH; MTH 82-98% of BH; DF 103-131% of TMHM; VF 67-95% of TMHM; DF 122-164% of VF; ODW 25-29% of BW; DG 44-68% of ODW; A1 50-69% of ODW; JL 54-71% of ODW.</p><p>Morphometric differences between species</p><p>When performing an NMDS, all five individuals within a species formed clear clusters that separated mainly along axis 1 (Fig. 4). The stress value (0.16) of the final two-dimensional solution indicated a reasonable preservation of ordering relationships of the multidimensional dissimilarities. Morphometry along this axis differed significantly between species (PerManova: TSS = 0.81, F = 6.69, p &lt;0.001, n = 15). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between all species combinations (p &lt;0.05 for all combinations).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A2187E1FFF041512A86108AB2C0F990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Griep, Stine;Glos, Julian	Griep, Stine, Glos, Julian (2020): Description of tadpoles of the frogs Heterixalus tricolor, H. carbonei and H luteostriatus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from western Madagascar. Zootaxa 4767 (2): 332-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.8
