identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A3E2657307DFF94FE38FD8CBF010E39.text	0A3E2657307DFF94FE38FD8CBF010E39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachypelus Putzeys 1866	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Brachypelus Putzeys 1866</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1946) included only two species in his treatment of this precinctive Malagasy genus, and Basilewsky (1976) described three additional species. Bulirsch et al. (2005) described eight new species and provided a key to all species known at that time. Finally, Bulirsch and Moravec (2009) described one more new species,  B. janaki , bringing the total number of known species to 14. Members of the new species described below are easily distinguish from those of all the other described species on the basis of their unique combination of features compared with excellent key characters provided by Bulirsch et al. (2005). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657307DFF94FE38FD8CBF010E39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657307DFF95FF8EFCD9BC8D0B62.text	0A3E2657307DFF95FF8EFCD9BC8D0B62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachypelus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brachypelus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 2–3</p>
            <p> Brachypelus n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 31 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—  Holotype (Figs. 2A–B), a female, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP. Talatakely, X, 130 m. 15.1.2001 ”/ “ collected in pitfall trap on forest floor, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “32.” [handwritten label]/ “ HOLOTYPE  Brachypelus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Large for genus, SBL = 6.8 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 2A) are most similar to those of  Brachypelus obesus Putzeys (1866) , with which they share large size, only six setae on the labrum, and a single discal setiferous pore on elytral interval 3 (at apical one-fifth). They differ from  B. obesus members in the following: transverse fronto-clypeal suture present and deeply impressed (Fig. 3A) (absent from  B. obesus members); frons with longitudinal frontal furrows narrower and shallower than in  B. obesus ; posterior lateral margins of the eyes broadly round- ed (more narrowly and angularly rounded in  B. obesus members); elytral base (Fig. 3B) straight between intervals 3 and obliquely sloped laterally from interval 4 (elytral base straight between intervals 4 and gradually rounded laterally from interval 3 in  B. obesus members); elytra with lateral margin distinctly toothed at humerus (smoothly rounded at humerus, without a tooth in  B. obesus members); and elytral intervals slightly convex apically (nearly flat in  B. obesus members). Others species with members of comparably large size include  Brachypelus rolandi Bulirsch et al. (2005) ,  Brachypelus betsileo Bulirsch et al. (2005) ,  Brachypelas fischeri Bulirsch et al. (2005) and  Brachypelus janaki Bulirsch and Moravec (2009) . However,  B. ranomafanae members differ from those of  B. rolandi in having the labrum with only six setae (seven in  B. rolandi members), elytra widest at middle (anterior to middle in  B. rolandi members), and elytral intervals moderately convex throughout (flattened apical in  B. rolandi members). Members of both  B. betsileo and  B. fischeri have seven labral setae (whereas those of  B. ranomafanae have only six) and lack discal setiferous pores (those of  B. ranomafanae have a single setiferous pore in the apical one-fifth on interval 3. Finally,  B. ranomafanae members differ from those of  B. janaki in having only six setae on the labrum (seven labral setae in  B. janaki members), the elytral margin with a distinct humeral tooth (tooth absent from  B. janaki members), and only a single discal setiferous pore on elytral interval 3, with intervals 5 and 7 without such punctures (five or more such punctures on intervals 3, 5 and 7 in  B. janaki members). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The unique holotype was collected in a pitfall trap placed in secondary montane rain forest in the Talatakely area, at an elevation of 900 m, at the 130 meter mark along Trail “X”. Vegetation in that area consisted of bamboo, small young trees and some larger trees with diameters at breast-height (DBH) of 20–30 cm. Tree trunks and branches were mostly covered with epiphytes and lianas.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657307DFF95FF8EFCD9BC8D0B62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657307FFF98FF8EFA4EBF6C0FAE.text	0A3E2657307FFF98FF8EFA4EBF6C0FAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caelostomus latus Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caelostomus latus Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 4</p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—  Holotype (Figs. 4A–B), a female, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR</p>
            <p> Ranomafana NP. Talatakely, Trail C, 350 m. 10.5.2005 ”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Caelostomus latus</p>
            <p> Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio  sp. n. 2015” [red label].   TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  latus , is the Latin adjective meaning broad or wide, a reference to relatively broad pronotum of the holotype specimen and, presumably, other members of this species. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size moderate for genus, SBL = 6.3 mm. Based on Jeannel’s (1948) key, this species is a member of subgenus  Caelostomus s. str. It’s members (Fig. 4A) share with those of other members of the subgenus the following features: head with frons and frontal furrows smooth, impunctate; elytral base distinctly margined from humerus medially to base of stria 3 or 2; elytral striae 6 and 7 deeply impressed throughout, not effaced apically; lateral elytral intervals narrow, moderately convex; apical part of umbilicate series of setiferous pores not inserted in a deep groove; and female apical abdominal ventrite with (two or) three pairs of setae subapically. Within the subgenus, the following features are shared only with members of two species of Jeannel’s  convexiusculus group, namely  Caelostomus convexiusculus Tschitschérine (1899) and  Caelostomus alluaudi Jeannel (1948) : SBL greater than 6.0 mm, elytra short and broad, ratio EL/EW = 1.19, elytral disc convex; and elytral intervals distinctly punctate throughout, including in apical part. The holotype female of  C. latus is slightly larger than members of these other two species, has a distinct and broad transverse depression between the eyes seen best in lateral view (Fig. 4C) (depression absent from members of the other two species). The pronotum in the holotype of  C. latus is much wider than in  C. convexiusculus members, slightly wider than in  C. alluaudi members, and less depressed anterolaterally than in members of either of the other species; and the pronotal basal foveae are straighter and more sharply defined laterally than in members of the other two species. The elytra are less abruptly rounded laterally and apically than in  C. alluaudi members but similar to shape in to those in  C. convexiusculus members. Finally, anterior tarsomeres 1 to 3 of the female holotype of  C. latus are distinctly toothed medioapically (Fig. 4D), a feature not seen in females of the other two species. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.—   The unique holotype female was collected by hand in secondary montane forest in the  Talatakely area . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657307FFF98FF8EFA4EBF6C0FAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573071FF9AFF8EFD4FB9350CCD.text	0A3E26573071FF9AFF8EFD4FB9350CCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caelostomus rotundiformis Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Caelostomus rotundiformis Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 5</p>
            <p> Caelostomus n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 31, Rainio 2012: 62 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 5A–B), a female, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail K at 50 m mark, 07.06.2000 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “13.” [handwritten label]/ “7.6.00 K 50” [handwritten label]/ “  HOLOTYPE  Caelostomus rotundiformis Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label].  Paratypes (only 1): a female (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP. Talatakely, C1450 11.3.2004 Johanna Rainio leg.”/ “112.” [handwritten label]/ “ PARATYPE  Caelostomus rotundiformis Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]. </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  rotundiformis , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, rotundus, meaning round, and forma, meaning form or shape. The name refers to the very short, broad, rounded form of members of this species. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size moderately small for genus, SBL = 5.4–5. 5 mm (females only), body form (Fig. 5A) short and broad, ratio SBL/EW = 1.97–2.01. This species is undoubtedly a member of genus  Caelostomus as conceived by Jeannel (1948), although we cannot confirm this based on his key because he used male features only in two couplets to distinguish  Caelostomus members from those of several other genera and we have only female specimens. However, we examined specimens of all species in all the other Malagasy caelostomine genera while at MNHN and confirmed that this species represents none of them. Observable female features, including body form short and broad, frontal furrows simple, not doubled, parascutellar striae of elytra indistinct, basal setiferous pore situated at base of elytral stria 3, tarsomeres not densely setose ventrally, and anterior tarsomere 4 not bilobed apically (Fig. 5C), are consistent with  Caelostomus females. Within this genus, members of  C. rotundiformis share the following features with those of other species of the nominate subgenus: head with frons and frontal furrows smooth, impunctate; elytral base distinctly margined from humerus medially to base of stria 3 or 2; elytral striae 6 and 7 deeply impressed throughout, not effaced apically; lateral elytral intervals narrow, moderately convex; apical part of umbilicate series of setiferous pores not inserted in a deep groove; and female apical abdominal ventrite with (two or) three pairs of setae subapically. However, members of this species confound Jeannel’s (1948) key to species of  Caelostomus s. str. Their short and broad elytra (ratio EL/EW = 1.13–1.15) are shared with members of the  convexiusculus species group, but their elytral striae are impuncate, whereas those of other species group members are markedly punctate throughout their length. Within the group, their small size (less than 6.0 mm) is shared with  Caelostomus humilis (Tschitschérine 1903) ,  Caelostomus minisculus Straneo (1940) , and  Caelostomus minutissimus Jeannel (1948) ; however, members of these three species are even smaller (SBL = 5.0 mm or less) and, again, have markedly punctate elytral striae. The striae in  C. rotundiformis members are smooth, without evident punctures, and the shape of the pronotum (Fig. 5A) is markedly different, with lateral margins evenly arcuate throughout their length and hind angles markedly obtuse. This species probably represents a distinct species group of its own within subgenus  Caelostomus in Madagascar. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The holotype of this species was collected by hand in daytime in primary montane rain forest in the Vatoharanana area at an elevation of 1200 m, along Trail K at the 50 meter mark. The paratype specimen was collected in a pitfall trap in secondary montane rain forest in the Talatakely area at an elevation of 900 m, along Trail C at the 1450 meter mark.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573071FF9AFF8EFD4FB9350CCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573073FF9AFE5EFE6DBDC20FAF.text	0A3E26573073FF9AFE5EFE6DBDC20FAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactyleurys Tschitscherine 1899	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Dactyleurys Tschitschérine 1899</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1948) recognized a single species in Madagascar,  Dactyleurys anomalus Tschitschérine (1899) and no additional species have been described subsequently. The two new species described below bring the total for the genus to three species, all precinctive to Masdagascar. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573073FF9AFE5EFE6DBDC20FAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573073FF9BFF8EFD4FBCF10BA1.text	0A3E26573073FF9BFF8EFD4FBCF10BA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactyleurys minimus Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dactyleurys minimus Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 6, 8A, 9A, 9D</p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 6A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP, Talatakely, X at 130 m mark 12.4.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; Johanna Rainio collectors”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Dactyleurys minimus Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  minimus , is the Latin adjective meaning smallest, a reference to fact that the known adult male of this species is smaller than males of any of the other known species that we have examined. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Smallest adult known for the genus, SBL = 6.9 mm. The following combination of features identify members of this species as coelostomine pterostichines of the genus  Dactyleurys : antennae with antennomere 3 attached symmetrically or nearly symmetrically to antennomere 2; mentum with deep emargination, apex of median mental tooth distinctly posterior to apices of epilobes; elytron with epipleuron interrupted by internal plica subapically; parascutellar stria not evident; basal setiferious puncture situated at base of stria 3; tarsomeres 1 to 4 of all legs with dense pads of setae ventrally; front and middle tarsomeres 1 to 3 smoothly convex dorsally; male front tarsomeres 1 to 4 wide, dilated, not latero- or medioapically toothed; aedeagus of male with right face dorsal in repose, right paramere conchoid, left paramere reduced, short, apically digitiform. Members of  D. minimus (Fig. 6A) differ from those of  D. anomalus in the following features: smaller size (SBL = 6.9 mm compared with 7.7–9. 4 mm in  D. anomalus ); pronotum (Fig. 8A) relatively narrower, widest at middle (relatively wider (Fig. 8C) and clearly widest anterior to middle in  D. anomalus ); elytra faintly but evidently iridescence and elytral microsculpture markedly transverse with sculpticells great than 2.5 times as wide as long (elytra not iridescent and elytral microsculpture moderately transverse with sculpticells less than 2.5 times as wide as long in  D. anomalus ); and median lobe of male genitalia (Fig. 9A) with shaft abruptly bent ventrally in apical fourth with apex nearly straight in lateral aspect (shaft nearly straight ventrally (Fig. 8C) in apical fourth with apex slightly recurved dorsally in  D. anomalus ), apex narrowly rounded in dorsal aspect (Fig. 9D) (more broadly rounded (Fig. 9F) in  D. anomalus ). Members of  D. minimus differ from those of the other new species,  Dactyleurys ranomafanae , in the following features: smaller size (SBL = 7.7–8. 3 mm in  D. ranomafanae ); pronotum (Fig. 8A) relatively narrower and with evenly rounded lateral margin (slightly wider (Fig. 8B) and with lateral margin slightly straighter in basal one-third in  D. ranomafanae ); and median lobe of male genitalia (Fig. 9A) with apex nearly straight in lateral aspect (apex slightly recurved dorsally (Fig. 9C) in  D. ranomafanae ), apical part of shaft (Fig. 9D) slightly deflected right in dorsal aspect (apical part of shaft (Fig. 9E) straight in  D. ranomafanae ). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The unique holotype was collected by hand in daytime in secondary montane rain forest in the Talatakely area, at an elevation of 900 m, at the 130 meter mark along Trail “X”. Vegetation in that area consisted of bamboo, small young trees and some larger trees with diameters at breast-height (DBH) of 20–30 cm. Tree trunks and branches were heavily laden with epiphytes and lianas.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573073FF9BFF8EFD4FBCF10BA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573075FF9FFF8EFF49BCE50B42.text	0A3E26573075FF9FFF8EFF49BCE50B42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactyleurys ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dactyleurys ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 7, 8B, 9B, 9E</p>
            <p> Dactyleurys n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 31, Rainio 2012: 62, Rainio 2013: 95 (informal designation). </p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 7A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1009744”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.431667/lat -21.255)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.431667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.255">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 26 April 1998 ”/ “ 21°15.3’S / 47°25.9’E, Stop #98-83 D.H. Kavanaugh collector collected by beating  Pandanus tree boluses with debris”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Dactyleurys ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (a total of 35): 1 male (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Mangevo , plot 0 m., 21.4.2005 ”  ;   1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Mangevo , plot 100 m., 21.4.2005 ”  ;  2 females (in CAS) labeled same as holotype except “CASENT 1009742” and “CASENT 1009743”, respectively ;   3 males and 2 females (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1009737”, “CASENT 1009738”, “CASENT 1009739”, “CASENT 1009740” and “CASENT 1009741”, respectively/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.431667/lat -21.255)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.431667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.255">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 25 April 1998 ”/ “ 21°15.3’S / 47°25.9’E, Stop #98-78 D.H. Kavanaugh collector beaten from vegetation and suspended dead leaves”  ;   3 males and 2 females (in CAS and MNHN) labeled “CASENT 1009734”, “CASENT 1009735”, “CASENT 1009736”, “CASENT 1009732” and “CASENT 1009733”, respectively/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime by beating live understory vegetation and/or dead leaves and other suspended debris”  ;   1 male and 1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , 26.2.2001 ”  ;   1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail B 1150 m., in  Pandanus sp. 8 .6.2000”  ;   1 male and 1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail BF 380 m., in  Pandanus sp. 16.6.2000 ”  ;   1 male and 1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail BM 200 m., in  Pandanus sp. 16.6.2000 ”  ;   1 male and 2 females (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail FBF 50 m., in  Pandanus sp. 6 .6.2000”  ;   1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail FBF 380 m., in  Pandanus sp. 6 .6.2000”  ;   2 females (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail SP 50 m., 22.3.2001 ”  ;   1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail SP 50 m., 9.2.2005 ”  ;   1 male (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail X 130 m., 12.4.2005 ”  ;   1 male (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Valohoaka , trail F 900 m., 28.2.2001 ”  ;   1 male (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Valohoaka , trail F 850 m., 16.10.2002 ”  ;   1 male (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Valohoaka , trail F 850 m down., 18.12.2004 ”  ;   1 female (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Valohoaka , trail F 850 m., 25.1.2005 ”  ;   2 males and 1 female (in MNHN and MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Valohoaka , trail F 850 m., 26.1.2005 ”. All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Dactyleurys ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size average for genus, SBL of males = 7.7–8. 2 mm, of females = 7.8– 8.4 mm. The following combination of features identify members of this species as coelostomine (Fig. 8B) relatively broader and with lateral margins slightly straighter in basal one-third (slightly narrower and with lateral margins more evenly rounded (Fig. 8A) in  D. minimus ); and median lobe of male genitalia (Fig. 9B) with apex slightly recurved dorsally in lateral aspect (apex (Fig. 9A) nearly straight in  D. minimus ), apical part of shaft (Fig. 9E) straight (apical part of shaft slightly deflected right (Fig. 9D) in  D. minimus ). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Specimens of this species have been collected in both primary and secondary montane rainforest throughout RNP, at elevations ranging from of 900 to 1180 m. Most of the specimens were collected by beating vegetation, especially plants of  Pandanus sp. , and suspended accumulations of dead vegetative debris in shrubs and understory trees. One was collected in a malaise trap, another sifted from forest litter at the primary forest site, and another by hand at the secondary forest site. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573075FF9FFF8EFF49BCE50B42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573069FF80FE42FF69B9080F76.text	0A3E26573069FF80FE42FF69B9080F76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mallopelmus Straneo 1942	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus  Mallopelmus Straneo 1942</p>
            <p> Mallopelmus Alluaud 1936 , unavailable </p>
            <p> Alluaud (1936) described this taxon as a new genus with several included species, but he failed to designate one of them as type species. This error rendered the name unavailable (ICZN 2000, Article 13.3) until Straneo (1942) designated  Mallopelmus dactyleuryoides Alluaud (1936) (the first named species in Alluaud’s (1936) paper) as the type species. Both Straneo (1938) and Jeannel (1948) treated  Mallopelmus as a distinct genus. Straneo actually treated  Trichinillus as a subgenus of  Mallopelmus in his 1942 paper, apparently not realizing at the time that his designation of a type species for  Mallopelmus changed the data of availability for that name, as well as its authorship, with the result that  Trichinillus became the senior synonym for the genus.  Mallopelmus is now considered a subgenus of  Trichinillus (Lorenz 2005) and is precinctive to Madagascar. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573069FF80FE42FF69B9080F76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573069FF82FF8EFD07BCD40E48.text	0A3E26573069FF82FF8EFD07BCD40E48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichinillus (Mallopelmus) ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trichinillus (Mallopelmus) ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 10</p>
            <p> Mallopelmus n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 32, Rainio 2012: 74 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 10A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Buffer zone, degraded forest 14.10.2002 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Trichinillus (Mallopelmus) ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (only 1): a female (in MNHN) labelled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP.  Talatakely , trail B, 600 m. 05.03.2004 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime from dead leaves in bushes, F. Ratalata and J. Rainio collectors”/ “ PARATYPE  Trichinillus (Mallopelmus) ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Slightly smaller than average for subgenus, SBL male = 7.2 mm, female = 7.5 mm. The following combination of features identify members of this species as coelostomine pterostichines of the genus  Trichinillus , subgenus  Mallopelmus : antennae with antennomere 3 attached symmetrically or nearly symmetrically to antennomere 2; mentum with deep emargination, apex of median mental tooth distinctly posterior to apices of epilobes; elytron with epipleuron interrupted by internal plica subapically; parascutellar stria short but evident; striae smooth, impunctate; basal setiferious puncture situated at base of stria 2 + parascutellar stria; tarsomeres 1 to 4 of all legs with dense pads of setae ventrally; front and middle tarsomeres 1 to 3 with more or less faintly-defined longitudinal groove medially and depressed areas paralaterally on dorsal surface; male front tarsomeres 1 to 4 wide, dilated, not latero- or medioapically toothed; aedeagus of male with right face dorsal in repose, right paramere conchoid, left paramere reduced, short, apically digitiform. Of the three previously described species represented in Jeannel’s (1948) key to  Mallopelmus species , members of  T. ranomafanae (Fig. 10A) are most similar to  Trichinillus abacetoides (Alluaud 1936) members based on the following shared features: head with temporal area long, nearly as long as the diameter of the eye, and joined to the neck region at a very obtuse (about 165°) angle; eyes moderately convex and projected; pronotum with basal area distinctly and abruptly depressed relative to disc; and elytral base without margination medial to base of stria 6. Members of the other two species,  Trichinillus dactyleuryoides (Alluaud 1936) and  Trichinillus perrieri (Jeannel 1948) , differ in having the head with the temporal area shorter, about one-third as long as the diameter of the eye, and joined to the neck region at a moderately obtuse (about 135°) angle, eyes more convex and projected, pronotum not or less depressed, especially medially, and margination of the elytra base more varied, extended medially to the base of stria 3 in most individuals). The apex of the median lobe of the male genitalia is also differently shaped in each of these species (compare with Figs. 191c-d and 191f-g, respectively, in Jeannel 1948). Members of  T. ranomafanae differ from those of  T. abacetoides in having: slightly larger size (SBL = 6.4 mm in  T. abacetoides ); pronotum with shallow but distinct subbasal sinuation of the lateral margin (absent from  T. abacetoides members); elytra relatively shorter and wider, especially across the base, and humeri broadly rounded and not at all sloped (humeri more slope in  T. abacetoides , and median lobe of male genitalia with apex straighter, slightly bent ventrally toward apex in lateral aspect (Fig. 10C) and slightly deflect right in dorsal view (Fig. 10D) (not recurved dorsally and then ventrally in lateral aspect and straight in dorsal aspect as in  T. abacetoides males; compare with Fig. 191e in Jeannel 1948) </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The male holotype of  T. ranomafanae was collected in degraded secondary montane rainforest at an elevation of 800 m, near a village in the peripheral zone of Ranomafana National Park about1000 meters from the main gate. The female paratype was collected in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area, at an elevation of 900 m, at the 600 m mark along Trail B. Vegetation in this area was dominated by young trees (DBH &lt;10 cm) and guava (  Psidium cattleianum ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573069FF82FF8EFD07BCD40E48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657306BFF82FE2BFC30B9260954.text	0A3E2657306BFF82FE2BFC30B9260954.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlaenius Bonelli 1810	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Chlaenius Bonelli 1810</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1949) treated  Chlaenites Motschulsky (1860) as a distinct genus, although it is now considered a subgenus of  Chlaenius (Lorenz 2005) and includes only two species, both from the Palaearctic Region. Both of the new species described below key to  Chlaenites in Jeannel’s (1949) key to chlaeniine genera, but neither is a member of that subgenus as presently conceived. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657306BFF82FE2BFC30B9260954	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657306BFF84FF8EFBE3BF8A0985.text	0A3E2657306BFF84FF8EFBE3BF8A0985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlaenius kathrynae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chlaenius kathrynae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 11</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.11A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1002782”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.39399/lat -21.24032)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.39399&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.24032">Vohiparara area</a>
                 , 1150 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.24032°S / 47.39399°E, Stop# DHK-01-002, D.H. &amp; K.M. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianifirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime by treading marsh vegetation and shore”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Chlaenius kathrynae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .  Paratypes (total of 8): 4 males (in CAS, MNHN and MZF) and 1 female (in CAS) labeled same as holotype except “CASENT 1002783”, “CASENT 1002784”, “CASENT 1002786”, “CASENT 1002787”, and “CASENT 1002785”, respectively ;   1 male (CAS) labeled “CASENT 1049008”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.383335/lat -21.226667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226667">Vohiparara area</a>
                 , 1050 m, mixed tropical forest, 23 April 1998,”/ “ 21°13.6’S / 47°23.0’E,”/ “Stop # 98-71, D.H. Kavanaugh collector collected in soil cracks, under dirt clods, and under root clods in abandoned rice paddy area”  ;   2 females (in MTEC) labeled “ MADAGASCAR:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420834/lat -21.256666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.256666">Fianaran. Pr. Ranomafana</a>
                 N.P. HQ. area 21°15’24”S 47°25’15”E 25NOV1994, at night M.A. Ivie &amp; D.A. Pollack ”. All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Chlaenius kathrynae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  kathrynae , is a noun in the genitive case, derived from the first given name of Kathryn May Kavanaugh, daughter of DHK and one of the collectors of the type series. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size slightly below average for genus, SBL of males = 10.2–10. 8 mm, of females 9.8–11. 1 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 11A) share the following features, which place them in genus  Chlaenites sense Jeannel (1948): antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 4; maxillary palpi setose, penultimate labial palpomeres 4 or 5 setose; pronotum with basolateral setae inserted distinctly anterior to the hind angles; elytra with pubescence restricted to near the striae on disk (i.e., not present on the centers of intervals), except more generally and densely present on lateral intervals and near apices; and tarsi asetose dorsally, tarsomeres 5 with two rows of stout setae ventrally. In Jeannel’s (1949) key to subgenera of  Chlaenites , members of this species key best, although not fully, to subgenus  Chlaeniostenus Kuntzen (1919) , which is now considered a subgenus of  Chlaenius (Lorenz 2005) . Shared with other Malagasy members of this subgenus are the following features: pronotum relatively narrow, more or less cordiform, narrowed basally, with the anterior angles not projected anterior of the basal margin and the anterolateral areas of the pronotum distinctly curved ventrally; and the setose punctures along the lateral margins of the elytral intervals not or only faintly evident, most clearly evident in the apical half only. Jeannel included three other species in this subgenus; namely,  Chlaenius attenuatus Klug (1833) ,  Chlaenius subovatus Chaudoir (1876) , and  Chlaenius sellatus Dejean (1831) . Members of  C. kathrynae differ from those of the other species in lacking any trace of the pale lateral and apical elytral border distinct in members of the other three species. They are also smaller than members of the other species (SBL in the latter ranges from 11.9 to 15. 3 mm), have slightly broader and less cordiform pronota and males have genitalia (Figs. 11C–D) that are very different in form from those of any of the other species (compare with Jeannel’s (1949) Figs. 388c-i) </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Most specimens of the type series were collected in open habitats at the edges of mixed tropical forest in the Vohiparara area at an elevation of 1050 m. Several were collected by treading down vegetation at the edge of a marsh, and one specimen was found under loose dirt and root clods in an abandoned rice paddy area.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657306BFF84FF8EFBE3BF8A0985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657306DFF86FF8EFB54BE4608B9.text	0A3E2657306DFF86FF8EFB54BE4608B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlaenius robertae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chlaenius robertae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 12</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.12A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1002781”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.39399/lat -21.24032)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.39399&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.24032">Vohiparara area</a>
                 , 1150 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.24032°S / 47.39399°E, Stop# DHK-01-002, D.H. &amp; K.M. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianifirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime by treading marsh vegetation and shore”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Chlaenius robertae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (only 1): a female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT1049009”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.383335/lat -21.226667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226667">Vohiparara area</a>
                 , 1050 m, mixed tropical forest, 27 April 1998,”/ “ 21°13.6’S / 47°23.0’E,”/ “Stop # 98-91, D.H. Kavanaugh collector collected on bare soil at night in abandoned rice paddy area”/ “ PARATYPE  Chlaenius robertae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  robertae , is a noun in the genitive case, </p>
            <p>derived from the given name of Roberta L. Brett, former graduate student and technical assistant of DHK and one of the collectors of the type series.</p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Sized moderate for genus, SBL of male = 12.9 mm, of female = 13.3 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 12A) exhibit the following features, which place them in genus  Chlaenites sensu Jeannel (1949) : antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 4; maxillary palpi setose; penultimate labial palpomeres 4 or 5 setose; pronotum with basolateral setae inserted distinctly anterior to the hind angles; elytra with pubescence restricted to near the striae on disk (i.e., not present on the centers of intervals), except more generally and densely present on lateral intervals and near apices; and tarsi asetose dorsally, tarsomeres 5 with two rows of stout setae ventrally. In Jeannel’s (1949) key to subgenera of  Chlaenites , members of this species key to his new subgenus  Chlaenitidius , which is now considered a junior synonym of subgenus  Amblygenius Laferté-Sénectère (1851) (Lorenz 2005), in having the pronotum relatively broad and the setose punctures along the lateral margins of the elytral intervals slightly foveate, especially in the apical half apically. Member s of  C. robertae differ distinctly from those of the each of the four species Jeannel included in this subgenus. They differ from members of  Chlaenius cupreolus Faimaire (1901) in having striae deeply impressed and intervals moderately convex (striae superficial only and intervals flat in  C. cupreolus members), head with metallic green reflection but pronotum black without a trace of metallic reflection (both head and pronotum with green metallic reflection in  C. cupreolus members), and elytra without a pale lateral and apical margin (a thin pale margin present in  C. cupreolus members). They differ from members of  Chlaenius allacteus Alluaud (1919) , which is current classified in subgenus  Oochlaenius Alluaud (1933) (Lorenz 2005), in having all elytral interval similarly and moderately convex (intervals 1, 3, 5 and 7 more convex and intervals 2, 4, 6 and 8 flat in  C. allacteus members) and, again, elytra without a pale lateral and apical margin (a wide pale margin present in  C. allacteus members). They differ from members of  Chlaenius inaequalis Faimaire (1901) in having the pronotum black without metallic reflection (metallic green reflection present on pronotum in  C. inaequalis members), a longer and narrower elytral form (shorter and broader elytra in  C. inaequalis members) and elytral epipleurae black (pale in  C. inaequalis members). Overall, members of  C. robertae are most similar to those the fourth species,  Chlaenius lyperus Jeannel (1949) , with which they share similar elytral shape, depth of striae and convexity of intervals. However, they differ from  C. lyperus members in having a pronotum broader basally than the latter and legs that are pale in color (dark in  C. lyperus members). Males of  C. robertae also have genitalia (Figs. 12C–D) that are markedly different in form those of the other four species (compare with Jeannel’s (1949) Fig. 386a-d). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Both specimens of the type series were collected in open habitats at the edges of mixed tropical forest in the Vohiparara area at elevations ranging from 1050 to 1150 m. One was collected in daytime by treading down vegetation at the edge of a marsh, the other was found at night running on bare soil in an abandoned rice paddy.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657306DFF86FF8EFB54BE4608B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657306FFF86FE4EFA6AB9430B67.text	0A3E2657306FFF86FE4EFA6AB9430B67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Omphreoides Fairmaire 1896	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Omphreoides Fairmaire 1896</p>
            <p> This genus, precinctive to Madagascar, includes five previously described species. Jeannel (1949) described a new genus,  Stenomphreoides , for  Omphreoides quodi Alluaud (1910) , but this generic name is now considered just a junior synonym of  Omphreoides (Lorenz 2005) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657306FFF86FE4EFA6AB9430B67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657306EFF87FE30FA2AB95D0B47.text	0A3E2657306EFF87FE30FA2AB95D0B47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Ripogena) Jeannel 1941	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus  Ripogena Jeannel 1941a</p>
            <p> This subgenus includes ten described species, including five from the African mainland and five from Madagascar (Basilewsky 1989). Jeannel (1948) treated this taxon as a separate genus, although he had described it originally as a subgenus of  Perigona (Jeannel 1941a) , and included the four species known to him in a key. Deuve (1998) described a fifth Malagasy species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657306EFF87FE30FA2AB95D0B47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657306EFF87FF8EFF49BEB4082C.text	0A3E2657306EFF87FF8EFF49BEB4082C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Omphreoides ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Omphreoides ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 13</p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.13A–B), a female, in NMNH, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  Ranomafana , 900 m 17-22 February 1990 W. E. Steiner ”/ “at black light in montane rainforest near river and stream”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Omphreoides ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size larger than average for genus, SBL = 13.4 mm. The unique holotype female of  O. ranomafanae (Fig. 13A) is clearly unlike members of any described species of  Omphreoides , with several features intermediate between the four typical species and  O. quodi . The head of the holotype (Fig. 13C) is longer and more slender than that of females of any other species except  O. quodi , which has an even longer and narrower head (see Jeannel 1949, Fig. 364). In  O. ranomafanae , the tempora are straight, parallel in anterior their two-thirds, slightly more than twice as long as the diameter of eye, distinctly delimited posteriorly by narrowly round angles. The dorsal longitudinal grooves typical of all members of this genus, except those of  Omphreoides bispinus Fairmaire (1896) , are extended as sharply-defined grooves only about halfway from the point of insertion of the anterior supraorbital setae to that of posterior supraorbital setae and not continued on to base of the head as they are in  Omphreoides bucculentus Alluaud (1899a) and  Omphreoides distinctus Alluaud (1936) . Posterior to the sharply-defined segments, broad and shallow depressions extend posteriorly, arcuately convergent and nearly joined in the midline near the back of the head. The pronotum (Fig. 13C) is subquadrate, longer than wide (ratio PW/PL = 0.75), with a wavy diagonal row of sparse, coarse punctures (seen also in  O. distinctus and  O. quodi members but absent from those of  O. bucculentus and  O. bispinus ) extended from near the anterior transverse impression paramedially to the basal foveae posteriorly; lateral pronotal margins with short but distinct sinuations anterior to slightly obtuse hind angles; median longitudinal impression deep, wider than in all other  Omphreoides except  O. quodi (in which the impression is even wider) and sparsely but coarsely punctate; lateral explanation narrow (narrower at middle than that in  O. bucculentus members and similar to that in  O. distinctus member. The elytra are relatively wider than in all other species; each elytron with a straight apical spine in line with interval 3. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The unique holotype was collected at ultraviolet light in montane rainforest near the junction of the Namorona River and a small tributary stream.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657306EFF87FF8EFF49BEB4082C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573060FF8BFF8EFF49BEB20CA8.text	0A3E26573060FF8BFF8EFF49BEB20CA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perigona (Ripogena) deuvei Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Perigona (Ripogena) deuvei Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 14</p>
            <p> Ripogena n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 33 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> Perigona (Ripogena) n. sp. 1; Rainio 2012: 73, Rainio 2013: 96 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.14A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail K at 350 m mark, 24.07.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Perigona (Ripogena) deuvei Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (total of 4): 1 female (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail J at 50 m mark, 6.10.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “239.” [handwritten label]  ;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail S at 600 m mark, 9.9.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “239.” [handwritten label]  ;   1 male (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail S at 600 m mark, 24.7.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “253.” [handwritten label]  ;   1 female (in MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail S at 600 m mark, 6.10.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “245.” [handwritten label]. All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Perigona (Ripogena) deuvei Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  deuvei , is a noun in apposition, derived from the surname of Dr. Thierry Deuve of the Laboratoire d’Entomologie at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. We are pleased to name this new species in honor of Dr. Deuve in thanks for his friendship and kind hospitality during our several visits to MNHN in the course of this study. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size average for subgenus, SBL of males = 3.5– 3.8 mm, of females 3.8– 3.9 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 14A) share with those of  Perigona heterodera Alluaud (1936) and  Perigona prasinus Alluaud (1936) the following features: pronotum with lateral margins without sinuation anterior to hind angles, posterior margin slightly and smoothly convex, and hind angles either obtuse or broadly rounded. These features distinguish members of these three species from those of  Perigona bembidioides Alluaud (1936) and  Perigona viridimicans Jeannel (1948) , which have distinct sinuation of the lateral margins anterior to rectangular hind angles and a straight basal margin. Members of  P. deuvei differ from those of  P. prasinus in having smaller body size (SBL = 4.7 mm in  P. prasinus ), narrower body form, and dorsum without metallic reflection (dorsum with metallic green reflection in  P. prasinus ) but elytra with moderate but distinct iridescence generated by microsculpture comprised of transverse microlines and marjkedly transverse sculpticells. They are most similar to members of  P. heterodera in body form and size but differ from them in having the pronotum proportionately longer and male genitalia (Figs. 14C–D) with shaft markedly narrowed basally, markedly inflated in apical two-thirds, and apex longer, slender and ventrally bent in lateral view (Fig. 14C), slightly deflected left and slightly longer in dorsal view (Fig. 14D) than in  P. heterodera (see Figs. 351b-c in Jeannel 1948). They differ from members of  Perigona descarpentriesi (Deuve 1998) in having moderately large eyes (eyes markedly reduced eyes in size in  P. descarpentriesi ), pronotum distinctly narrower and with less rounded lateral margins, and elytra with only stria 1 deeply impressed, stria 2 and 3 shallowly impressed but evident on disk, striae 4 to 7 effaced, and stria 8 impressed only in apical one-third (striae 1–7 shallowly impressed but evident at least on disc and stria 8 deeply impressed throughout in  P. descarpentriesi members). Also, the apex of the median lobe of the male genitalia is narrower in lateral aspect in  P. deuvei males (Fig. 143C) than in those of  P. descarpentriesi (see Deuve 1998, Fig. 2.). Finally,  P. deuvei members differ from those of the new species described below in having small- er body size, pronotum with lateral margination very narrow throughout, fewer elytral striae evident, and median lobe of the male genitalia with a longer and ventrally bent apex. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— All specimens of this species were collected by hand in daytime in primary montane rainforest in the Vatoharanana area at an elevation of 1200 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573060FF8BFF8EFF49BEB20CA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573062FF8CFF8EFE4EBC080B0A.text	0A3E26573062FF8CFF8EFE4EBC080B0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perigona (Ripogena) ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Perigona (Ripogena) ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 15</p>
            <p> Ripogena n. sp. 2; Rainio 2009: 33 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> Perigona (Ripogena) n. sp. 2; Rainio 2012: 73, Rainio 2013: 96 (informal designation). </p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.15A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: ““CASENT 1049017”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park, Vatoharanana area, 1050 m,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.435/lat -21.278334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.278334">Abotovory</a>
                 stream, 29 April 1998 ”/ “ 21°16.7’S 47° 26.1’E, Stop # 98-100, D.H. Kavanaugh collector collected in large rotting log just under loose bark with cavities”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Perigona (Ripogena) ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size larger than average for subgenus, SBL = 4.4 mm. The holotype male of this species (Fig. 15A) shares with members of  Perigona heterodera Alluaud (1936) ,  Perigona prasinus Alluaud (1936) and  P. deuvei sp. nov. the following features: pronotum with lateral margins without sinuation anterior to hind angles, posterior margin slightly and smoothly convex, and hind angles either obtuse or broadly rounded. These features distinguish members of these four species from those of  Perigona bembidioides Alluaud (1936) and  Perigona viridimicans Jeannel (1948) , which have distinct sinuation of the lateral margins anterior to rectangular hind angles and a straight basal margin. Members of  P. ranomafanae differ from those of  P. prasinus in having slightly smaller body size and dorsum without metallic reflection (dorsum with metallic green reflection in  P. prasinus ). They differ from members of  P. heterodera and  P. deuvei in having larg- er body size (SBL = 3.4 mm in  P. heterodera , 3.5 to 3.9 mm in  P. deuvei ), pronotal hind angles more sharply angulate, lateral explanation of pronotum markedly widened and flattened in region of hind angles (pronotal hind angles rounded or at least less sharply angulate and lateral explanation only slightly wider near hind angles than anteriorly in  P. heterodera and  P. deuvei ). The unique male holotype of  P. ranomafanae is slightly teneral and the genitalia are very soft and only lightly sclerotized. However, the apex is sclerotized sufficiently to allow comparisons with those of  P. heterodera and  P. deuvei males. In lateral view (Fig. 15C), the apex is slightly longer than in  P. heterodera males (see Jeannel 1948, Fig. 351b) and distinctly shorter and straighter than in  P. deuvei males. Finally, they differ from members of  P. descarpentriesi in having moderately large eyes (eyes markedly reduced eyes in size in  P. descarpentriesi ), pronotum widest anterior to middle and lateral margins nearly straight in posterior half (pronotum widest at middle and lateral margins evenly arcuate throughout  P. descarpentriesi ). Also, the apex of the median lobe of the male genitalia is narrower and more pointed in lateral aspect in  P. ranomafanae males (Fig. 15C) than in those of  P. descarpentriesi (see Deuve 1998, Fig. 2.). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The unique holotype was collected by hand in primary montane rainforest in the Vatoharanana area at an elevation of 1050 m from under the loose bark of a large log on the forest floor.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573062FF8CFF8EFE4EBC080B0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573065FF8DFE4EF9A5BC390CA8.text	0A3E26573065FF8DFE4EF9A5BC390CA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odacanthini LaPorte 1834	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tribe  Odacanthini LaPorte 1834</p>
            <p> In his treatment of the Malagasy fauna, Jeannel (1948) assigned three species to genus “  Casnonia ” [a misspelling by Latreille and Dejean (1824) of  Cosnania Dejean 1821 ], a genus that is now considered to include only Western Hemisphere species. Each of Jeannel’s three “  Casnonia ” species is now included in a different genus (Lorenz 2005). The species with members most similar to those of the new species described below is now included in  Archicolliuris Liebke (1931) . The present supraspecific classification of odacanthines is basically that of Liebke (1931 and 1938), and no comprehensive taxonomic or phylogenic treatment of this taxon worldwide has been produced since then. Clearly, a phylogenetic analysis of relationships among and inclusiveness of odacanthine genera is needed. Pending such a study, we tentatively include our new species in genus  Archicolliuris . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573065FF8DFE4EF9A5BC390CA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573064FF8EFF8EFD99BEDB0B4C.text	0A3E26573064FF8EFF8EFD99BEDB0B4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archicolliuris ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Archicolliuris ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 16</p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.16A–B), a female, in NMNH, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  Ranomafana , 1100m 22-31 October 1988 W. E. Steiner ”/ “ Flight intercept-yellow pan trap, island in stream, montane rainforest”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Archicolliuris ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size large for genus, SBL = 8.2 mm. The holotype female of this species (Fig. 16A) is easily distinguished from members of all other Malagasy odacanthine species based on numerous features. The following features used by Jeannel (1948) in his key to genera are shared with the three species that he included in “  Casnonia ”: integument glabrous (without pubescence), pronotum long, narrow and tubular anteriorly, impunctate, with one or more setae present along each lateral margin. The holotype of  A. ranomafanae differs from members of  Casnonia fairmairei Gestro (1895) [currently included in genus  Erectocolliuris Liebke (1931) ] in having a pronotum black in color and with only a single pair of midlateral setae (pronotum rufotestaceous in color and with 5 or 6 pairs of lateral setae present in  E. fairmairei members). It differs from members  Casnonia coerulans Künckel d’Herculais (1887) [currently included in genus  Protocolliuris Liebke (1931) in having the pronotum only about twice as long as wide (three times as long as wide in  P. coerulans ), the elytra without metallic reflection (elytra with a dark metallic blue reflection), and legs dark black to piceous, except trochanthers rufous and basal parts of all femora pale (legs pale in  P. coerulans , except apical parts of femora dark). It is similar to members of the last of Jeannel’s “  Casnonia ” species,  Colliuris olsoufieffi Alluaud (1935) [currently included in  Archicolliuris ] in having a shiny black dorsum (with the only pale areas present as elytral pale spots), the pronotum with transverse grooves and ridges in the basal half and anterior angles projected laterally, and the elytra with a deep transverse depression at the basal one-fourth and with three or four discal setiferous pores on elytral interval 3. However, it differs with members of  A. olsoufieffi in several features: body size larger (SBL = 6.8 mm in  A. olsoufieffi ); pronotum impunctate (coarsely punctate laterally and basally in  A. olsoufieffi ), slightly less than twice as long as wide (2.5 times as long as wide in  A. olsoufieffi ), with lateral borders vaguely present but only as very faintly impressed lines (lateral borders absent from  A. olsoufieffi members); elytra with only one pair of small pale spots, located at apical one-third on interval 4 (both subapical and subbasal pairs of spots present in  A. olsoufieffi ) and with three or four discal setiferous pores also on interval 5 (absent from  A. olsoufieffi members); and legs dark, except pale at base of femora and on trochanters (legs pale thoughout in  A. olsoufieffi ). </p>
            <p> In addition, the holotype of  A. ranomafanae is unique among members of all Malagasy odcanthine species in having the elytra distinctly convex throughout, except in the area of the transverse depression, elytral intervals flat, and elytral striae 3 to 7 effaced except in the transverse depression and apically, where they are evident. Striae 1 and 2 are very shallowly impressed but evident (stria 2 less so) in and posterior to the transverse depression. The form and location of the transverse depression of the elytra and the nearly effaced striae are similar to these features of members and genus  Mimocolliuris Liebke (1933) of the eastern Palearctic and Oriental Regions. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The unique holotype was collected in a flight intercept-yellow pan trap on an island in a stream in montane rainforest at an elevation of 1100 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573064FF8EFF8EFD99BEDB0B4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573066FF8FFE3DFEB8B94C0CAC.text	0A3E26573066FF8FFE3DFEB8B94C0CAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanotus Chaudoir 1848	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Thysanotus Chaudoir 1848</p>
            <p>Jeannel (1949) recognized 14 species in this genus precinctive Malagasy genus. Deuve (2010) described six additional new species and returned two species treated by Jeannel as junior synonyms to full species status. He also provided an excellent key to all the known species.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573066FF8FFE3DFEB8B94C0CAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573066FFB1FF8EFE48BDA50C48.text	0A3E26573066FFB1FF8EFE48BDA50C48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanotus bimaculatoides Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Thysanotus bimaculatoides Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 17–18</p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—  Holotype (Figs.16A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR</p>
            <p>Ranomafana NP. Mangevo plot 1600m 20.4.2005 ”/ “240” [handwritten label]/ “ HOLOTYPE</p>
            <p>
                 
Thysanotus bimaculatoides 
Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. Paratypes (total of 2): 1 female (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR Ranomafana NP. Mangevo plot 1600m 22.4.2005 ”/ “240” [handwritten label]; 1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8069538”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.338886/lat -21.827501)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.338886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.827501">Forêt d’Ambalagoavy Nord</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.338886/lat -21.827501)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.338886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.827501">Ikonga</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.338886/lat -21.827501)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.338886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.827501">Abatombe</a>
                 Nov-2000 ”/ “ 21°49’39”S, 47°20’20”E  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.338886/lat -21.827501)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.338886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.827501">Calif. Acad. of Sciences</a>
                 colls: R. Harin’Hala &amp; M.E. Irwin, malaise trap 625m MA-01-12-01”. Both paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Thysanotus bimaculatoides Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]. 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  bimaculatoides , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, bis, meaning two, and macula, meaning spot or spotted, and the Greek word eidos, meaning like. The name refers to the similarity between members of this species and those of  Thysanotus bimaculatus Deuve (2010) . </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size slightly less than average for genus, SBL of male = 5.7 mm, of females = 5.3 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 17A) key to  Thysanotus bimaculatus Deuve (2010) in Deuve’s key based on the following combination of features: elytra shiny, intervals smooth, elytral microsculpture indistinct (comprised of faintly impressed microlines and markedly transverse sculpticells, each elytron with a large, pale macula near the base on intervals 2 to 4, also extended partially onto interval 1 and to scutellum at basomedial part of macula, elytral apex bluntly round- ed, not toothed. Members of  T. bimaculatoides differ from the holotype of  T. bimaculatus in having slightly larger body size (SBL of holotype female of  T. bimaculatus = 4.9 mm), pronotum slightly narrower, ratio of PW/PL = 1.1 (ratio of PW/PL = 1.2 in  T. bimaculatus ), narrower basally with subbasal sinuation of the lateral margin slightly longer and deeper and hind angles sharp- er, rectangular to distinctly acute (compare with Deuve 2010, Fig. 17). Deuve did not have a male specimen of  T. bimaculatus , so we cannot compare male genitalia of these two species. However, for future comparative purposes, we provide digital photographs of the genitalia (Figs. 18A,C) of the holotype of  T. bimaculatoides as well as those of a male of  Thysanotus spinosus (Alluaud 1936c) (Figs. 18B,D) [males of this species previously unknown], to complement the illustrations of other  Thysanotus species provided by Jeannel (1949) and Deuve (2010). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from two localities, 52 km apart, in central Fianarantsoa Province. Both localities are on the eastern slope off the central plateau.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.—   The holotype and one paratype   were collected by hand in the  Mangevo area , about 1600 m distance in from the edge of montane rainforest, at an elevation of 1600 m. The other paratype was collected in a malaise trap in montane rainforest at an elevation of 650 m. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573066FFB1FF8EFE48BDA50C48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573058FFB1FE3FFDEBBF6B0FE7.text	0A3E26573058FFB1FE3FFDEBBF6B0FE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madecassina Jeannel 1949	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Madecassina Jeannel 1949</p>
            <p>Jeannel (1949) recognized at total of ten species and one additional subspecies in this precinctive Malagasy genus and provided a key for identification of adults. No additional species have been described since Jeannel’s study.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573058FFB1FE3FFDEBBF6B0FE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573058FFB1FF8EFEEEBF120F4B.text	0A3E26573058FFB1FF8EFEEEBF120F4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanotus spinosus Alluaud 1936	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Thysanotus spinosus Alluaud 1936</p>
            <p> This species was described on the basis of a single female specimen (holotype in MNHN). Neither Jeannel (1949) nor Deuve (2010) has a male specimen of this species available for study. We take this opportunity to provide digital photographs of the median lobe of the genitalia (Figs. 18B,D) from a male collected in RNP to complement the illustrations of other  Thysanotus species provided by Jeannel (1949) and Deuve (2010). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573058FFB1FF8EFEEEBF120F4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573058FFB3FF8EFCB7B95E09C5.text	0A3E26573058FFB3FF8EFCB7B95E09C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madecassina bimaculata Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Madecassina bimaculata Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 19</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.19A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1049022”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.248333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.248333">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 13 April 1998, 21°14.9’S 47°25.6’E,”/ “Stop # 98-29, D. H. Kavanaugh collector collected by beating suspended clusters of dead leaves and twigs”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Madecassina bimaculata Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (total of 16): 1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1004001”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime by beating live understory vegetation and/or dead leaves and other suspended debris”  ;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1049023”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely area, 900 m,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.248333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.248333">Trail</a>
                 FF, 21°14.9’S 47° 25.6’E,”/ “ 10-16 November 1998, beaten from vines, V. F. Lee &amp; K. J. Ribardo collector”  ;   1 male (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1049024”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Parc National Ranomafana,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.431667/lat -21.255)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.431667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.255">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 24 April 1998,”/ “ 21°15.3’S 47°25.9’E,”/ “Stop # 98-76, D. H. Kavanaugh collector collected at night on standing tree trunk”  ;   1 male (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8068817”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.407166/lat -21.250834)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.407166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.250834">Ranomafana National Park</a>
                 , radio tower at forest edge, elev 1130 m 9-20 March 2003 ”/ “ 21°15.05’S, 47°24.43’E collector: R. Harin’Hala California Academy of Sciences malaise, mixed tropical forest MA-02-09B-55”  ;   1 male (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1049026”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.383335/lat -21.213333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.213333">Vohiparara area</a>
                 , 1150 m, mixed tropical forest, 18 April 1998, 21°12.8’S 47°23.0’E,”/ “Stop# 98-52, D. H. Kavanaugh collector collected by beating live vegetation and suspended dead leaves and twigs”  ;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1049025”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park, Vatoharanana area, 1050 m,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.435/lat -21.278334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.278334">Ambatovory</a>
                 stream, 29 April 1998, 21°16.7’S 47° 26.1’E,”/ “Stop# 98-101, D. H. Kavanaugh collector collected by beating suspended clusters of dead leaves and twigs”  ;   2 males and 1 female (in CAS and EM) labeled “CASENT 8072308” or “CASENT 8072309” or “CASENT 8072307”, respectively/ “ MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231° SW Ranomafana elev 1100 m 27-31 March 2003 ”/ “ 21°15’24”S, 47°26’00”E  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.433334/lat -21.256666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.256666">California Academy of Sciences</a>
                 coll. Fisher, Griswold et al. beating low veg., montane rainforest code: BLF8401”  ;   1 male (in MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Vatoharanana , Trail K at 150 m mark, 25.7.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime from dead leaves of bushes and trees, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”  ;   2 females (in MNHN and MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Talatakely , Trail SP at 50 m mark, 28.07.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime from dead leaves of bushes and trees, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”  ;   2 females (in MNHN and MZF) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Valohoaka , Trail B at 555 m mark, 28.01.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime from dead leaves of bushes and trees, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”; and   2 females (in MNHN and MNHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Valohoaka , Trail B at 555 m mark, 16.11.2005 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime from dead leaves of bushes and trees, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collector”. All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Madecassina bimaculata Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  bimaculata , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, bis, meaning two, and macula, meaning spot or spotted. The name refers to the pair of subapical elytral spots seen in members of this species. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size average for genus, SBL of males = 4.7– 5.5 mm, of females = 5.3–5. 6 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 19A) key most closely, to  Madecassina picta Alluaud (1897) in Jeannel’s (1949) key based on the following combination of features: pronotum impunctate, elytra with two subapical pale spots and striae deeply impressed and legs testaceous in color. The only feature used in the key with which  T. bimaculata members differ is the presence of is metallic reflection on the forebody—members of  T. picta have evident aeneous or greenish metallic reflection on the head and pronotum, whereas  T. bimaculata members are without metallic reflection. These two species are otherwise very similar externally; however the pronotum is proportionately slightly longer and more distinctly narrowed basally and the hind angles more sharply defined and rectangular in  T. bimaculata members than in  T. picta members (which have the hind angles slightly obtuse). Also, the apex of the median lobe of the male genitalia is shorter, thicker and straighter in lateral aspect (Fig. 19C) and more bluntly triangular in dorsal aspect (Fig. 19D) in  T. bimaculata males than in those of  T. picta males, which have the apex longer, narrower and distinctly hooked dorsally in lateral aspect and more narrowly rounded in dorsal aspect (see Jeannel 1949, Figs. 474g and 474i). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Specimens of this species have been collected in primary montane rainforest in the Vatoharanana and Valohoaka areas and in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely and Vohiparara areas, at elevations ranging from 900 to 1150 m. They have been collected mainly by beating live vegetation and suspended clusters of dead leaves and twigs.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573058FFB3FF8EFCB7B95E09C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657305AFFB5FF8EFA95B9710F61.text	0A3E2657305AFFB5FF8EFA95B9710F61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madecassina quadrimaculata Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Madecassina quadrimaculata Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 20</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.20A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP., montane rainforest near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.52085/lat -21.09637)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.52085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.09637">Tsinjorano village</a>
                 , 100 m in from forest edge,”/ “ 21.09637°S 47.52085°E, 1050 m, 19.05.2005, collected by hand in daytime, F.J. Ratelolahy collector”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Madecassina quadrimaculata Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  quadrimaculata , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, quattuor, meaning four, and macula, meaning spot or spotted. The name refers to the two (subbasal and subapical) pairs of elytral spots seen in members of this species. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size average for genus, SBL = 5.2 mm. The holotype male of this species (Fig. 20A) keys to  Madecassina maculata Alluaud (1899b) in Jeannel’s (1949) key based on the following combination of features: body black, forebody without metallic reflection, pronotum punctate laterally, and elytra shiny with four pale spots. It differs from members of  M. maculata in having a smaller body size (SBL = 5.5–6.0 mm in  M. maculata ), the pronotum punctate laterally and laterobasally only, with conspicuous transverse grooves and ridges on disc (in  M. maculata the pronotum is punctate on the disc also, between the ridges, in contrast to what Jeannel said in his key), elytral intervals shinier due to more shallowly impressed isodiametric microsculpture (elytral intervals duller due to more deeply impressed isodiametric microsculpture in  M. maculata ), the elytral spots much more distinct (much less so in  M. maculata ) and median lobe of male genitalia with apex hooked dorsally and thicker in lateral aspect (Fig. 20C) and slightly swollen and bent right in dorsal aspect (Fig. 20D) (apex hooked but thinner in lateral aspect and more parallel-sided and straight in dorsal aspect in  M. maculata males) (see Jeannel 1949, Fig. 474f). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The unique holotype was collected in montane rainforest near Tsinjorano village at a distance of 100 m inside the forest edge at an elevation of 1050 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657305AFFB5FF8EFA95B9710F61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657305CFFB5FE3AFD31BD9009B4.text	0A3E2657305CFFB5FE3AFD31BD9009B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristacrus Chaudoir 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Pristacrus Chaudoir 1869</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1949) recognized four species in this precinctive Malagasy genus and provided a key for distinguishing their respective members. In this key, Jeannel used two features with which we found problems. First, his statements about pronotal proportions—width in relation to pronotal length (i.e. ratio PW/PL)—appear to have been based on visual impressions only, rather than actual comparative measurements, because our measurements of these proportions in specimens (including types) of the four species have not corresponded to those stated by Jeannel. Unfortunately, this problem renders two of his three couplets (couplets 1 and 3) difficult to interpret. Second, he used shape of the sutural angle of the elytral apex (i.e., whether it is broadly rounded or sharp and toothed) as the primary comparative feature in his couplet 2. In fact, based on the examination of many more specimens than were available to Jeannel, we found that members of all species except one,  Pristacrus laticollis (Gory and Laporte 1837) have elytral apices that are sharp and toothed, including members of  Pristacrus bonotatus (Klug 1833) , which Jeannel cited as broadly rounded in his key. We point out these problems with Jeannel’s key as caution to those trying to use it, as we were, for identifications. No additional species have been described since Jeannel’s study. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657305CFFB5FE3AFD31BD9009B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657305CFFB8FF8EFB4BBCA909E0.text	0A3E2657305CFFB8FF8EFB4BBCA909E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristacrus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pristacrus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 21 –22</p>
            <p> Pristacrus n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 33, Rainio 2012: 73 (informal designation). </p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.21A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1003833”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected at night on surface of rotting logs on forest floor or suspended just above it”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Pristacrus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .  Paratypes (total of 19): 1 male and 1 female (in CAS) labelled “CASENT 1003832” or “CASENT 1003831”, respectively, otherwise labeled same as holotype; 1 female (in CAS)  labeled “CASENT 1004470”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime from large accumulation of dead leaf, twig, and branch debris on and extended up to 2 m above forest floor”; 1 male (in CAS)   labeled “CASENT 1002838”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime under loss bark of rotting log logs on forest floor or suspended just above it”; 1 male and two females 
            </p>
            <p>(in CAS and MZF) labeled “CASENT</p>
            <p>1003752”, “CASENT 1003751” or “CASENT</p>
            <p>1003753”, respectively/ “ MADAGASCAR,</p>
            <p>  Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National </p>
            <p>  Park , Talatakely area, 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S  / </p>
            <p>47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M</p>
            <p>Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas,</p>
            <p>R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “E.F. Randrianirina,</p>
            <p>N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and</p>
            <p>H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime on underside of rotting log logs on forest floor or suspended just above it”; 1 male (in</p>
            <p>  CAS) labeled “CASENT 1004313”/ “MADA- FIGURE 22. Digital images of aedeagus of genitalia of GASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranoma- male holotype of  Pristacrus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; fana National Park,  Talatakely area , 900 m, Rainio  sp. nov. A. Left lateral aspect; B. Dorsal aspect. Scale line = 0.5 mm  . </p>
            <p>mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/</p>
            <p>
                 “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime from leaf litter on forest floor”;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1051144”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.431667/lat -21.255)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.431667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.255">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 27 April 1998 ”/ “ 21°15.3’S 47°25.9’E, Stop # 98-85 A D.H. Kavanaugh collector collected in and under rotten logs on forest floor”  ;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8068264”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Belle Vue</a>
                 at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Talatakely</a>
                 , elev 1020 m 28 April – 5 May 2002 ”/ “ 21°15.99’S 47°25.21’E collector: R. Harin’Hala California Acad of Sciences malaise secondary tropical forest MA-02-09C-27”  ;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8068264”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Belle Vue</a>
                 at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Talatakely</a>
                 , elev 1020 m 15-22 November 2001 ”/ “ 21°15.99’S 47°25.21’E collector: R. Harin’Hala California Acad of Sciences malaise secondary tropical forest MA-02-09C-03”  ;   1 male (in NMNH) labeled “ MADAGASCAR:  Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana, 900 m 1-9 February 1990 W. E. Steiner ”/ “at black light in montane rainforest near river and stream”  ;  1 male (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8005762”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Prov Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely area, 900m, 10:1:2001 Col. K. Will headlamp search logs” ;   5 males and 1 female (in EMEC and MNHN) labeled “CASENT 8005762”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Prov Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely area, 900m, 10:1:2001 Col. K. Will headlamp search logs”. All paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Pristacrus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected  . </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size small for genus, SBL of males = 8.3–8. 5 mm, of female = 8.6 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 21A) are distinguished from those of all other species in the genus except  Pristacrus binotatus Klug (1833) by their small body size (SBL greater than 10.0 mm in members of the three other species). They differ from members of  Pristacrus semipiceus (Fairmaire 1887) , in having much smaller body size (SBL = 13.6 to 14. 5 mm in  P. semipiceus members), a shinier dorsal surface, shorter and broadly rounded mandibles and an impunctate (but longitudinally rugulose) frons (dorsal surface duller, mandibles distinctly longer and more tapered, and frons punctate as well as rugulose in  P. semipiceus members). They differ from members of  P. laticollis in having slightly smaller body size (SBL = 10.2–11. 1 mm), slightly shinier dorsal surface, relatively longer and narrower pronotum and elytra that are broadly ovoid with lateral margin arcuate and lateral explanation broad throughout, especially at middle, and elytral apices distinctly angulate and toothed (duller dorsal surface, relatively broader and shorter pronotum and elytra that are nearly parallel-sided at middle with lateral explanation narrower throughout and elytral apices broadly rounded in  P. laticollis members). They differ from the unique type of  Pristacrus rotundatus (Fairmaire 1892) in having smaller body size (SBL = 11.9 mm in  P. rotundatus type), shinier dorsal surface, elytra less broadly rounded and humeri less anteriorly projected (dorsal surface dull and elytra markedly broad and rounded and humeri more projected anteriorly in  P. rotundatus type). Members of  P. ranomafanae are very similar to those of  P. binotatus in size and overall form. Specimens of the former have the dorsal surface slightly shinier, the pronotum relatively broader basally, with subbasal sinuation of the lateral margins absent or only very faint and hind angles less sharply defined, and elytra with striae slightly more deeply impressed and intervals more convex and more roughened at the raised center than in most members of  P. binotatus . However, at least a few specimens of  P. binotatus share one or more of these features with  P. ranomofanae members. They only features that most reliably distinguish members of  P. ranomafanae from those of  P. binotatus , as well as from members of the other species, are the male genitalia. In  P. ranomafanae males (Fig. 22A–B), the shaft of the median lobe is inflated subbasally but lacks the large, well-defined dorsal bulge seen in males of  P. binotatus (see Jeannel 1949, Fig. 486) and, in lateral aspect (Fig. 21A), the apex is distinctly hooked dorsally (apex not hooked in  P. binotatus males. Males of the each of the other species also have the shaft of the median lobe uniquely shaped. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Specimens of the type series were all collected in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at elevations of 900 to 1020 m. The area is replete with invasive guava (  Psidium cattleianum ). Specimens were found in daytime in masses of dead leaves, twigs and branch debris accumulated on the forest floor, in leaf litter, and under loose bark or on the underside of rotting logs on the forest floor. Several were found at night running on the surfaces of rotting logs on the forest floor; two were collected in malaise traps and one was attracted to and collected at an ultraviolet light. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657305CFFB8FF8EFB4BBCA909E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573051FFB8FE29FA8CBFF308F9.text	0A3E26573051FFB8FE29FA8CBFF308F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurydera Laporte 1831	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Eurydera Laporte 1831</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1949) recognized 24 species plus three additional subspecies in this precinctive Malagasy genus and a provided a key for identification of their members. Mateu (1973) described seven additional species. Type specimens for all of Mateu’s species are deposited in MNHN, so we were able to compare our material with reliably determined specimens of all described  Eurydera species , including the seven not included in Jeannel’s key. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573051FFB8FE29FA8CBFF308F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573051FFBAFF8EF999BC920B24.text	0A3E26573051FFBAFF8EF999BC920B24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurydera ocellata Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eurydera ocellata Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 23–24</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 23A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 8068800”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Ranomafana</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Bellevue</a>
                 at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Telatakely</a>
                 , elev 1020 m 12-19 February 2002 ”/ “ 21°15.99’S, 47°25.21’E collector: R.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Harin’Hala California Academy</a>
                 of Sciences malaise, secondary tropical forest MA-02-09C-16”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Eurydera ocellata Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (only 1): a female (in NMNH) labeled “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  Ranomafana , 900 m 1-9 February 1990 W. E. Steiner ”/ “at black light in montane rainforest near river and stream”/ “ PARATYPE  Eurydera ocellata Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ocellata , is the Latin adjective meaning having little eyes or marked with spots. The name refers to the small, faint dark spot on interval 3 within the subapical pale area of each elytron at the insertion point of the subapical discal setiferous pore. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size small for genus, SBL of male and female = 9.2 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 23A) key to  Eurydera mormolycoides Coquerel (1851) in Jeannel’s (1949) key on the basis of the following combination of features: size small; head (Fig. 24A) with frontal furrows deeply impressed, smooth, divergent posteriorly and without a transverse impression uniting them, posterior part of frons smooth, narrow and triangular, without lateral grooves prolonged posteriorly beyond the posterior border of the eyes; mandibles short and broad, lateral border not broadly explanate, lateral margin only slightly convex; pronotum cordate, distinctly narrowed basally, lateral margins angulate at insertions of midlateral setae; elytra short, round and black, each with a reddish subapical spot tangential to the medial suture as well as subhumeral and subapicolateral reddish areas and reddish apical spines, elytral intervals moderately convex; median lobe of male genitalia without a large, angulate projection on the ventral margin of the shaft near the base. They differ from  E. mormolycoides members in having: dorsal surface slightly shiny (dull in  E. mormolycoides members); pronotum with lateral explanations pale testaceous (darker in  E. mormolycoides members), anterior angles broadly rounded (more narrowly rounded in  E. mormolycoides members) and lateral margins with shallow but distinct sinuation anterior to hind angles (sinuation absent from or less distinct in  E. mormolycoides members); elytra with larger but less distinct (less contrasting with rest of elytra) pale subapical macula with black eye spot on interval three (macula extended further laterally and lateroanteriorly than in  E. mormolycoides members) and apical spine about half as long as spine in  E. mormolycoides members. Finally, the median lobe of the male genitalia (Figs. 24B–C) has a thicker shaft throughout and an apex shorter and thicker in lateral view (Fig. 24B) and broader and straighter in dorsal view (Fig. 24C) than in  E. mormolycoides males (see Jeannel 1949, Fig. 492b). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The holotype specimen was collected in a malaise trap in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at an elevation of 1030 m. The paratype specimen was collected at ultraviolet light in secondary montane rainforest near the junction of the Namorona River and a small tributary stream.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573051FFBAFF8EF999BC920B24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573052FFBDFF8EFF49B97E0B86.text	0A3E26573052FFBDFF8EFF49B97E0B86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurydera oracle Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eurydera oracle Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 25–26</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.25A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 8005762”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Prov Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900m, 10:1:2001 Col. K. Will headlamp search logs”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Eurydera oracle Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (total of 7): 1 male (in NMNH) labeled “ MADAGASCAR:  Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana, 1100 m 1-7 November 1988 W. E. Steiner ”  ;   1 female (in NMNH) labeled “ MADAGASCAR:  Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana, 1100 m 27-31 October 1988 W. E. Steiner ”/ “ Malaise trap on island in stream, montane rain forest”  ;   1 female (in EMEC) labeled “CASENT 1003844”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected at night on underside of shelf fungus on rotting log on forest floor or suspended just above it”  ;   1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1003739”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime on underside of rotting logs on forest floor or suspended just above it”  ;   1 female (in MNHN) labeled “CASENT 8068234”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Bellevue</a>
                 at  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665">Telatakely</a>
                 , elev 1020 m 10-14 January 2002 ”/ “ 21°15.99’S, 47°25.21’E collector: R. Harin’Hala California Academy of Sciences malaise, secondary tropical forest MA-02-09C-11”  ;  1 female (in MTEC) labeled “ MADAGASCAR: Fianaran. Pr. Ranomafana N.P. HQ. area 21°15’24”S 47°25’15E 25NOV1994, at night M.A. Ivie &amp; D.A. Pollack”; and  1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8068052”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Province d’Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, elev 150 m 6-20 March 2001 ”/ “ 12°19.5’S, 49°20’E  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.333332/lat -12.325)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.325">California Acad. of Sciences</a>
                 R. Harin’Hala coll. Malaise along forested limestone ridge MA-01-06-0. All paratypes also bear the following label: “  PARATYPE  Eurydera oracle Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]. 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  oracle , is a noun in apposition and refers to  Oracle Corporation , headquartered in Redwood City, California. We are pleased to name this new species for  Oracle Corporation in recognition of and thanks for its generous support of the California Academy of Science 1998 Madagascar expedition, which produced many of the specimens on which this study has been based. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size above average for genus, SBL of males = 13.9–15. 3 mm, of females = 12.4–14. 1 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 25A) key to the  armata group in Jeannel’s (1949) key based on the following combination of features: size medium; head (Fig. 26A) with posterior part of frons formed as a broad, flat, smooth, elevated plateau, reddish in color, laterally delimited by deep furrows extended posteriorly beyond the level of the posterior margin of the eye then medially at a 45° angle and joined posteriorly (but distant from the midline) with a deep transverse furrow across the middle of the head; mandibles moderately short and broad; median lobe of male genitalia without a large, angulate projection on the ventral margin of the shaft near the base. However, within the  armata group, they cannot be identified to species using Jeannel’s key. They differ from members of  Eurydera crispatifrons (Fairmaire 1896) in having a deep, sharply defined transverse furrow across the back of the head behind the raised frontal plateau (this furrow absent or very shallow and poorly defined in  E. crispatifrons members). They differ from members of  Eurydera rufotincta (Fairmaire 1868) in having the head large, nearly as wide as the pronotum (narrower in  E. rufotincta members), black or piceous legs (rufous in  E. rufotincta members) and in lacking transverse pale bands on the elytra (present in  E. rufotincta members) and the deep oblong fossae present on the back of the frons in  E. rufotincta members. </p>
            <p> They differ from  Eurydera armata Laporte (1831) and  Eurydera latipennis (Klug 1835) members in having the lateral furrows on the back of the head angularly convergent toward the posteri- or transverse furrow whereas these furrows are virtually parallel posteriorly in  E. armata members or very slightly convergent posteriorly in  E. latipennis members and joined with the transverse furrow more laterally in members of both species. Also, the posterior part of the frontal plateau is much more elevated in  E. oracle males than in those of these other two species as well as males of  Eurydera cuspidata (Klug 1835) ,  Eurydera ornatipennis (Fairmaire 1897) ,  Eurydera sulcicollis Mateu (1973) and  Eurydera ambreana Mateu (1973) . Most members of  E. armata and  E. ornatipennis have pale bands or spots on the elytra, although some specimens lack all pale markings. None of the specimens of  E. oracle that we have examined have similar pale markings, although several of our specimens have the apical one-fifth of elytral interval 1 narrowly pale, and two specimens also have interval 2 more dimly pale in the same area. Overall, members of  E. oracle are most similar to those of  E. sulcicollis , but they differ from the latter in having greater sexual dimorphism, with  E. oracle males having relatively larger heads, more prominent eyes, frons more wrinkled and with the posterior portion of the medial area more elevated, the transverse groove deeper, and the pronotum shorter and distinctly wider than in  E. sulcicollis male. Females of these two species are very similar. Finally, the median lobe of the genitalia of  E. oracle males (Fig. 26B–C) is distinct from that of males all other species in the genus (compare with Jeannel 1949, Figs. 489, 491–498, 500, and Mateu 1973, Figs. 1–8) in the combined forms of the shaft and apex. </p>
            <p> GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.—   We have examined specimens from only two areas. Seven specimens were collected in Ranomafana National Park, the type locality, on the eastern slope off the central plateau in the northeastern part of the southern half of the island of Madagascar. The eighth specimen, a female, was collected at  Montagne des Français , in Antsiranana Province, at the northern end of the island and just over 1000 km distant from  Ranomafana . No specimens have been recorded from intervening areas </p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The specimen from Montagne des Français was collected in a malaise trap set on a forest limestone ridge at an elevation of only 150 m. All of the specimens from Ranomafana National Park were collected in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at elevations ranging from 900 to 1100 m. They have been collecting using malaise traps or by hand. In daytime, they have been found hiding on the underside of logs on the forest floor; and at night they have been found on the underside of shelf fungi on rotting logs and stumps.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573052FFBDFF8EFF49B97E0B86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573057FFA0FF8EFF49BC7D0FEE.text	0A3E26573057FFA0FF8EFF49BC7D0FEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurydera simplica Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eurydera simplica Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 27–28</p>
            <p> Eurydera sp. ; Rainio and Niemelä 2006: 227 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> Eurydera n. sp. 3; Rainio 2009: 31, Rainio 2012: 72 (informal designation). </p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.27A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Talatakely , 900 m, Trail SP at 50 m mark, 08.03.2004 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime in secondary montane rainforest, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “106” [handwritten label]/ “   HOLOTYPE  Eurydera simplica Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. Paratypes (only 1): a female (in MNHN) labeled ““ MADAGASCAR, Ranomafana NP.,  Talatakely , 900 m, Trail B at 1000 m mark, 15.06.2000 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime in secondary montane rainforest, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”/ “7/13” [handwritten label]/ “  PARATYPE  Eurydera simplica Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]. </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  simplica , is an adjective derived from the Latin word, simplex, meaning simple. The name refers to the relative simplicity of form and surface macrosculpture of member of this species compared with those of other species of  Eurydera . </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size average for genus, SBL of male = 13.1 mm, of female = 12.4. Members of this species (Figs. 27A) are unlike those of any other species in the genus. In Jeannel’s (1949) key species of  Eurydera , they key to his  unicolor species group, based on the following features: size medium; head (Fig. 28A) with posterior part of frons formed as a broad, flat, smooth, elevat- ed plateau, laterally delimited by deep furrows extended posteriorly beyond the level of the posterior margin of the eye then slightly and arcuately convergent posteriorly and terminated abruptly at the level of the posterior margin of the ocular swelling and just less than halfway from the midline to the lateral margin of the head, area between the furrow smooth and only slightly elevated; mandibles moderately short and broad; median lobe of male genitalia without a large, angulate projection on the ventral margin of the shaft near the base. Jeannel included only  Eurydera unicolor (Klug 1833) in this species group, but Mateu (1973) added another species,  Eurydera fossulata Mateu to the group, in part based on the shared lack of sexual dimorphism in the front tarsi in members of these two species. Unlike males of most  Eurydera species , those of  E. unicolor and  E. fossulata have tarsomeres 1 to 3 no wider than in females and without ventral adhesive setae. Members of  E. simplica are easily distinguished from those of these two species, as well as from all other described  Eurydera species , by the uniquely shaped pronotum (Fig. 27A), which is relatively small and short for the genus, with the disc smooth, lateral explanation very narrow, lateral margins with very short and shallow sinuation anterior to markedly obtuse hind angles, and basal margin obliquely angulate laterally. Unlike males of  E. unicolor and  E. fossulata , those of  E. simplica have front tarsi with tarsomeres 1 to 3 wider than in females and with at least a few adhesive setae ventrally, which may call into question a close relationship with these two these species. Members of  E. simplica also differ from those of  E. unicolor in having the pronotum with anterior angles much less projected anteriorly. They differ from members of  E. fossulata in having the posterior part of the head, between the lateral furrows, smooth and slightly convex, whereas  E. fossulata members have a deep, transverse medial depression, the bottom of which is flat and covered with deep transverse creases, on that part of the head. They also have the elytral intervals without the roughened surfaces typical of members of several species in genus, including  E. fossulata (at least subapically), and the sutural spines are very long and straight (similar to those in  E. unicolor and  E. fossulata members). Finally, the median lobe of male genitalia of the holotype of  E. simplica (Fig. 28B–C) has the shaft much narrower basally and the apical orifice shorter than in E. unicol- or males (see Jeannel 1949, Fig. 495). No male of  E. fossulata has been available for comparison. </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— The two known specimens of this species both were collected by hand in daytime in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at elevations ranging from 900 to 1000 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573057FFA0FF8EFF49BC7D0FEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573049FFA0FE56FC8ABDF80EDC.text	0A3E26573049FFA0FE56FC8ABDF80EDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cymindidina Laporte 1834	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subtribe  Cymindidina Laporte 1834</p>
            <p> Ball and Hilchie (1983) considered the following two genera as subgenera of a single genus,  Hystrichopus Boheman (1848) ; however we follow Casale (1998) and Lorenz (2005) in treating them as separate genera, pending a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the  Cymindidina . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573049FFA0FE56FC8ABDF80EDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573049FFA0FEAAFC79BCE309C2.text	0A3E26573049FFA0FEAAFC79BCE309C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudomasoreus Desbrochers des Loges 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Pseudomasoreus Desbrochers des Loges 1904</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1949) included only three species in his treatment of this genus for Madagascar. Mateu (1980) added six new species and provided a key to the nine Malagasy species known at that time. Casale (1998) added one additional Malagasy species,  Pseudomasoreus deuvei Casale. This genus presently includes a total of 20 species (Lorenz 2005) with a cumulative disjunct distribution ranging from the Pyrenees of France and Spain south to southern Africa and Madagascar (Ball and Hilchie 1983). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573049FFA0FEAAFC79BCE309C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573049FFA3FF8EFA93BE8D09FD.text	0A3E26573049FFA3FF8EFA93BE8D09FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudomasoreus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudomasoreus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 29, 30A, 30C</p>
            <p> Deuveilla  n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 31(informal designation). </p>
            <p> Lebiinae (n. sp. 1); Rainio 2012: 72 (informal designation). </p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.29A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1004471”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.41945/lat -21.25041)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.41945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.25041">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 2-22 January 2001,”/ “ 21.25041°S / 47.41945°E, Stop# DHK-01-001, D.H. &amp; K.M Kavanugh, R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo,”/ “ E.F. Randrianirina, N. Rasoamananana, T.J. Ravelomanana, and H.C. Raveloson collectors”/ “collected in daytime from large accumulation of dead leaf, twig, and branch debris on and extended up to 2 m above forest floor”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Pseudomasoreus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .  Paratypes (total of 8): 1 male (in CAS) labeled same as holotype except “CASENT 1004472” ;  2 males (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1004003” and “CASENT 1004004”, respectively / 
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            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size large for genus, SBL of males = 9.7–10. 6 mm, of females = 10.3 mm. In Mateu’s (1980) key to the Malagasy species of this genus, members of  P. ranomafanae (Fig. 29A) key to  Pseudomasoreus decorsei Jeannel (1941b) based on the following combination of features: size large, SBL = 8.5 mm or more; elytra concolorous brown or piceous, without pale areas. However, they differ from the unique holotype of  P. decorsei in having even larger body size (SBL = 8.5 mm in  P. decorsei type), pronotum narrower overall and especially basally and with less rounded, more evident hind angles (pronotum broad, rounded, with hind angles effaced by smoothly rounded transition from lateral to basal margin in  P. decorsei type), and elytral lateral margins nearly parallel (more evenly rounded in  P. decorsei type). Members of  P. ranomafanae are actually more similar to those of  P. deuvei , which was not included in Mateu’s key. They share large size, general body form with long, parallel-sided elytra, and antennomere 3 glabrous except for the apical whorl of fixed setae (additional pubescence seen in apical part of antennomere 3 in most other species of genus). However, their body size is slightly smaller on average (SBL = 10.2–11. 5 in  P. deuvei members), the pronotum is narrower overall and more narrowed basally, with the hind angles more distinct than in  P. deuvei members and the lateral margins either straight or with slight sinuation anterior to the hind angles (lateral margins not at all sinuate in the latter). Also, the penultimate labial palpomeres in all specimens of the type series have three or four setae (Fig. 29C), whereas members of  P. deuvei have only two such setae, a feature particularly noted by Casale in his original description. Finally, the median lobe of male genitalia (Figs. 30A,C) has the shaft slightly less arcuate and the apex slightly longer on more rounded apically than in  P. deuvei males </p>
            <p> (see Casale 1998, Figs.4–5). For future comparative purposes, we also provide digital photographs of the median lobe of the genitalia of a male  Pseudomasoreus catalai Jeannel (1949) (Figs. 30B,D) [male previously unknown] to complement the illustrations of other  Pseudomasoreus species provided by Jeannel (1949), Mateu (1980) and Casale (1998). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Specimens of this species were are collected in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely and Vohiparara areas at elevations ranging from 900–1170 m. Adults were collected by hand, by beating live vegetation and suspended dead leaves and twigs, particularly dead leaves suspended is leaf whirls of  Pandanus sp. Two specimens were found in daytime in masses of dead leaves, twigs and branch debris accumulated on the forest floor. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573049FFA3FF8EFA93BE8D09FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657304AFFA3FE37FA9DBFF10865.text	0A3E2657304AFFA3FE37FA9DBFF10865.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Assadecma Basilewsky 1982	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Assadecma Basilewsky 1982</p>
            <p>  This genus is precinctive to Madagascar and previously represented only by the type species  , </p>
            <p> Assadecma madagascariensis Basilewsky (1982) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657304AFFA3FE37FA9DBFF10865	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657304AFFA3FF8EFA35B9F60BA6.text	0A3E2657304AFFA3FF8EFA35B9F60BA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Assadecma basilewskyi Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Assadecma basilewskyi Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 31A–B, 32</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 31A–B), a male, in NMNH, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.416668/lat -21.266666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.266666">Ranomafana</a>
                 , 940m 21°16’S, 47°25’E 18 April 1994 ”/ “ pitfall traps in montane rainforest, E. Rajeriarison &amp; R. Malenky ”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Assadecma basilewskyi Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .  Paratypes (total of 2): 1 male (in NMNH) labeled same as holotype ;   1 male (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1051147”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely area, 900 m, mixed tropical forest, 26  April
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657304AFFA3FF8EFA35B9F60BA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657304FFFA6FE3CFE72BF880F6B.text	0A3E2657304FFFA6FE3CFE72BF880F6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Metalebia) Jeannel 1949	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus  Metalebia Jeannel 1949</p>
            <p> Jeannel (1949) considered this subgenus to include most of the  Lebia species of tropical Africa, Madagascar, and India. He reported 18 species in his treatment of the Malagasy fauna. Lorenz (2005) lists a total of 36 species for this subgenus. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657304FFFA6FE3CFE72BF880F6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657304FFFA6FE1BFE95BE1A0CAC.text	0A3E2657304FFFA6FE1BFE95BE1A0CAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lebia Latreille 1802	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Lebia Latreille 1802</p>
            <p> As currently conceived, this genus is a megadiverse taxon with hundreds of species arrayed in 16 subgenera (Lorenz 2005) and with a worldwide distribution in tropical to temperate regions. Jeannel (1949) considered  Lebia and  Nematopeza Chaudoir (1870) as distinct genera, but the latter is now generally treated as a subgenus of the former (Lorenz 2005). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657304FFFA6FE1BFE95BE1A0CAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E2657304FFFA7FF8EFD0BBFBD0B61.text	0A3E2657304FFFA7FF8EFD0BBFBD0B61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lebia (Metalebia) laterolucida Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lebia (Metalebia) laterolucida Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 33</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 33A–B), a female, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 1006164”/ MADAGASCAR Fianarantsoa Prov. Parc  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.258333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.258333">Nacional Ranomafana Bell Vue</a>
                 Trail, tropical forest 21°15.5’S 47°25.6’E 1000 m M.E.Irwin and E.I. Schlinger MEI 99-MA-7 21-XII-1999 ”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Lebia (Metalebia) laterolucida Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. 
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            <p>
                  Paratypes (only 1): a female (in CAS) labelled “CASENT 1049030”/ “ MADAGASCAR, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.366665/lat -21.233334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.233334">Talatakely area</a>
                 , 850 m, 13 April 1998,”/ “ 21°14’S 47°22’E Malaise trap in mixed tropical forest, M.E.Irwin and E.I. Schlinger collectors, Stop 98- MAD-1”/ “ PARATYPE  Lebia (Metalebia) laterolucida Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park.</p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  laterolucida , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, lateris, meaning side, and lucidus, meaning bright or full of light. The name refers to the pale, translucent lateral pronotal margins, which contrast markedly with the dark pronotal disc in members of this species. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size moderate for genus, SBL of females = 4.5–5.0 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 33A) key to subgenus  Metalebia Jeannel (1949) and the  madagascariensis group in Jeannel’s (1949) key: the basal elytral border is absent medially between the base of stria 3 and the scutellum; the elytral striae are deep and the elytral intervals convex and impunctate; the forebody (head plus pronotum) has no metallic reflection and the elytra are uniform in color; and the frons is slightly convex and without distinct frontal furrows between the eyes. Within the  madagascariensis group,  L. laterolucida members are distinguished from those of  L. alluaudana Jeannel (1949) ,  L. apicoviolacea sp. nov. ,  L. mirana Alluaud (1936a) ,  L. ranomafanae sp. nov. , and  L. tanala Jeannel (1949) by the absence of metallic reflection on the elytra and punctation of the anterior dorsum of the head (both features present in members of the other five species). They differ from members of  L. sulcipennis (Fairmaire) (1889) ,  L. nana Jeannel (1949) , and  L. perrieri Jeannel (1949) in having the pronotum broad, ratio PW/PL = at least 1.5, and with lateral margins distinctly rounded at least in the anterior half pronotum (narrower and less rounded anteriorly in members of the three other species). From adults of  L. rufa Jeannel (1949) , they differ in having the pronotal basal lobe distinctly margined (absent from the former).  Lebia laterolucida adults are most similar to those of the two remaining species in Jeannel’s key,  L. brunneipennis Jeannel (1949) and  L. madagascariensis Chaudoir (1850) , but differ from them in having the dorsum of the head, pronotum and elytra dark piceous, with markedly contrasting pale yellow lateral pronotal margins (dorsum uniformly reddish brown and the lateral pronotal margins not or less markedly contrasting in color in the together two species). In addition, they are distinctly smaller than  L. madagascariensis adults and have distinct elytral microsculpture (absent or at least very faint in  L. brunneipennis adults). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p> HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.—   Both specimens of the type series were collected in mixed secondary tropical forest in the  Talatakely area in malaise traps  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E2657304FFFA7FF8EFD0BBFBD0B61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573041FFA8FF8EFF49B9120B47.text	0A3E26573041FFA8FF8EFF49B9120B47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lebia (Metalebia) ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lebia (Metalebia) ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 34</p>
            <p> TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs.34A–B), a male, in NMNH, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  Ranomafana , 1100m 22-31 October 1988 W. E. Steiner ”/ “ Malaise trap in small clearing, montane rain forest”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Lebia (Metalebia) ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (only 1): a female (in CAS) labeled “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  Ranomafana , 900m 23-28 February 1990 W. E. Steiner ”/ “ Malaise trap in small clearing, montane rain forest”/ “ PARATYPE  Lebia (Metalebia) ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size slightly small for genus, SBL of male = 4.3 mm, of female = 4.2 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 34A) key to subgenus  Metalebia Jeannel (1949) and the  madagascariensis group in Jeannel’s (1949) key: the basal elytral border is absent medially between the base of stria 3 and the scutellum; the elytral striae are deep and the elytral intervals convex and impunctate; the forebody (head plus pronotum) has no metallic reflection and the elytra are uniform in color (but not necessarily in reflection); and the frons is slightly convex and without distinct frontal furrows between the eyes. Within the  madagascariensis group,  L. ranomafanae members can be distinguished from those of all species except  L. alluaudana ,  L. apicoviolacea sp. nov. ,  L. mirana and  L. tanala by the presence of elytral metallic reflection (metallic reflection absent from the elytra of members of the remaining seven species). They are distinguished from members of  L. mirana by their reddish labrum (black in  L. mirana members) and from those of  L. alluaudana by their small size and relatively short and broad elytra, with ratio of elytra length to width = 1.3 (size larger, SBL of males = 4.6–5.0 mm, of females 4.6– 5.3 mm, and elytra relatively longer, with ratio EL/EW = 1.4, in  L. alluaudana members). They are distinguished from members of  L. tanala in having very dark and relatively faint elytral metallic reflection, pronotum with anteri- or angles indistinct, smoothly rounded from apical to lateral margin and not at all projected anteriorly beyond apical margin, lateral margins nearly parallel in posterior two-thirds and not or only very slightly sinuate anterior to obtusely angulate hind angles (elytral metallic reflection more distinct, pronotum with anterior angles broadly round but slightly projected anteriorly beyond apical margin, lateral margins distinctly sinuate anterior to sharp, rectangular hind angles slightly projected laterally in members of  L. tanala ). Finally, they can be distinguished from members of  L. apicoviolacea by slightly larger size and the faint, concolorous dark blue-green elytral metallic reflection and (size slightly smaller, SBL of male = 3.8 mm, of female = 4.0 mm, and elytra with distinct tricolored metallic reflection, green basally and on medial two-thirds, brassy on lateral one-third and violet in apical one-fifth, in  L. apicoviolacea members. Shape of the median lobe of the male aedeagus (Fig. 34C–D) is also diagnostic, with the shaft broadest at basal one-third, slightly and evenly arcuate on ventral margin in lateral view (Fig. 34C) and apex parallel-side basally and broadly rounded apically in dorsal view (Fig. 34D). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Both specimens of the type series were collected in malaise traps in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at elevations ranging from 900 to 1100 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573041FFA8FF8EFF49B9120B47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D.text	0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 35</p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 35A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “ MADAGASCAR: Fianaran. Pr.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420834/lat -21.256666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.256666">Ranomafana</a>
                 N.P. HQ. area 21°15’24”S 47°25’15E 25NOV1994, at night M.A. Ivie &amp; D.A. Pollack ”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (only 1): a female (in NMHN) labeled “ MADAGASCAR: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 7 km W  Ranomafana , 1100 m 6-21 October 1988 W. E. Steiner ”/ “At black light in montane rain forest”/ “ PARATYPE  Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  apicoviolacea , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, apex, meaning tip, and violaceus, meaning violet-colored. The name refers to the violet or purple metallic reflection of elytral apices, which contrasts distinctly with the green or bronze metallic reflection of the remainder of the elytra in members of this species. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size moderately small for genus, SBL of male = 3.8 mm, of female = 4.0 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 35A) key to subgenus  Metalebia Jeannel (1949) and the  madagascariensis group in Jeannel’s (1949) key: the basal elytral border is absent medially between the base of stria 3 and the scutellum; the elytral striae are deep and the elytral intervals convex and impunctate; the forebody has no metallic reflection and the elytra are uniform in color (but not necessarily in reflection); and the frons is slightly convex and without distinct frontal furrows between the eyes. Within the  madagascariensis group,  L. apicoviolacea members can be distinguished from those of all species except  L. alluaudana ,  L. mirana Alluaud ,  L. ranomafanae and  L. tanala by the presence of elytral metallic reflection (metallic reflection absent from the elytra of members of the remaining seven species). They are distinguished from members of  L. mirana by their reddish labrum (black in  L. mirana members) and from those of  L. alluaudana by their small size and relatively short and broad elytra, with ratio of elytra length to width = 1.2–1.3 (size larger, SBL of males = 4.6–5.0 mm, of females 4.6– 5.3 mm, and elytra relatively longer, with ratio of elytra length to width = 1.4, in  L. alluaudana members). They are distinguished from members of  L. tanala in having the pronotum with lateral margins slightly sinuate anterior to slightly obtuse hind angles (lateral margins distinctly sinuate anterior to sharp, rectangular hind angles slightly projected laterally in members of  L. tanala ) and from members of both  L. ranomafanae and  L. tanala in having elytra with distinct tricolored metallic reflection, green basally and on medial two-thirds, brassy on lateral one-third and violet in apical one-fifth (elytral metallic reflection uniformly faint or distinct metallic green or blue in members of  L. ranomafanae and  L. tanala ). Shape of the median lobe of the male aedeagus (Fig. 35C–D) is also diagnostic, with the shaft very slightly arcuate, dorsal and ventral margins more or less parallel in basal two-thirds in lateral view (Fig. 35C) and apex moderate in length and relatively broader in both lateral and dorsal (Fig. 35D) views than in males of other species of this species group (compare with Jeannel 1949, Fig. 440a-l). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Both specimens of the type series were collected in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at elevations ranging from 900 to 1100 m. Both were collect- ed at night, one by hand from vegetation, and the other attracted to ultraviolet light.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573042FFABFE2EFB79BFC50863.text	0A3E26573042FFABFE2EFB79BFC50863.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunostus LaPorte 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Eunostus LaPorte 1835</p>
            <p>This genus occurs only in Africa and Madagascar (Jeannel 1949) and includes 14 previously described species (Lorenz 2005), six of which are endemic to Madagascar. Jeannel (1949) provid- ed a key to the six Malagasy species known to him.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573042FFABFE2EFB79BFC50863	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573042FFADFF8EFA33BF1E0823.text	0A3E26573042FFADFF8EFA33BF1E0823.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunostus minimus Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eunostus minimus Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 36–37</p>
            <p> Eunostus n. sp. 1; Rainio 2009: 31, Rainio 2012: 72 (informal designation). </p>
            <p>
                 TYPE MATERIAL.—   Holotype (Figs. 36A–B), a male, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 8069195”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231° SW Ranomafana elev 1100m 27-31 Mar 2003 ”/ “ 21°17’24”S 047°26’00”E  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.433334/lat -21.289999)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.289999">California Acad. of Sciences</a>
                 coll. Fisher, Griswold et al. sifted litter, montane rainforest collection code: BLF8400”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Eunostus minimus Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]  .   Paratypes (total of 2): 1 male (in MNHN) labeled “CASENT 8069129”/ “ MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana JIRAMA water works, 21°14.91’S, 047°27.13’E ”/ “ 21-24 December 2001 collector: R. Harin’Hala California Acad of Sciences malaise trap near river elev. 690 m, MA-02-09D-08”; 1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 1051146”/ “ MADAGASCAR  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.452168/lat -21.2485)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.452168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2485">Ranomafana</a>
                 NP, Vatoharana trail S 600 24.8.2004 ”/ “collected by hand in daytime, F. Ratalata &amp; J. Rainio collectors”. Both paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Eunostus minimus Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  minimus , is the Latin adjective meaning smallest, a reference to fact that the known specimens of this species are smaller than those of any of the other known species that we have examined. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Small for genus, SBL of male = 5.5 mm, of female 5.0 – 5. 1 mm. Members of this species (Fig. 36A) do not key out in Jeannel’s (1949) key for  Eunostus species. They are much smaller and shinier than members of any other described species. Their heads are slightly narrower, with the tempora more evenly rounded to the back of the head, their antennal scapes shorter and thicker than in other species, thickest slightly distal to mid-length. Lateral margins of the pronotum are smoothly rounded in anterior half with a moderately short and deep subbasal sinuation anterior to slightly obtuse to rectangular hind angles. The elytral setae are generally sparser than in other species and arranged in 2 more or less distinct longitudinal rows on each interval. Male (Fig. 37A) and female (Fig. 37B) hind femora are sexual dimorphic, each unique among Malagasy species for each sex. Median lobe of male genitalia Figs. 37C–D markedly different in shape from those of the other species for which males are known (see Jeannel 1949, Fig. 513d–e). </p>
            <p>GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.— At present, known only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Specimens of the type series were collected in both primary montane rainforest in the Vatoharanana area (at elevations ranging from of 1100 to 1200 m) and in secondary montane rainforest 1 km north of Ranomafana village at an elevation of 690 m. The specimens were collected in a malaise trap and sifted from forest litter, respectively, at the primary forest site and by hand at the secondary forest site.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573042FFADFF8EFA33BF1E0823	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573044FFADFE49FA1EBE7C08E2.text	0A3E26573044FFADFE49FA1EBE7C08E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erephognathus Alluaud 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Erephognathus Alluaud 1932</p>
            <p>This genus is endemic to Madagascar and includes only two previously described species</p>
            <p>(Lorenz 2005). Jeannel (1949) provided a key to those species.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573044FFADFE49FA1EBE7C08E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
0A3E26573044FFAFFF8EF9B3BE7F0E68.text	0A3E26573044FFAFFF8EF9B3BE7F0E68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erephognathus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Erephognathus ranomafanae Kavanaugh and Rainio ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figure 38</p>
            <p>TYPE MATERIAL.— Holotype (Figs.38A–B), a female, in CAS, labeled: “CASENT 8068531”/</p>
            <p>
                 “   MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.369835/lat -21.226166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.369835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226166">Vohiparara</a>
                 , at broken bridge, el 1110 m 8-15 November 2001 ”/ “ 21°13.57’S, 047°22.19’E collector: R.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.369835/lat -21.226166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.369835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226166">Harin’Hala California Acad</a>
                 of Sciences malaise trap in high altitude rainforest, MA-02-09A-02”/ “ HOLOTYPE  Erephognathus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [red label]. Paratypes (total of 2): 1 female (in CAS) labeled same as holotype, except “CASENT 8068532”; 1 female (in CAS) labeled “CASENT 8068672”/; “ MADAGASCAR: Province d’Antananarivo 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe elev 1300 m 5-13 December 2000 ”/ “ 18°28’24”S 47°57’38”E coll. Fisher, Griswold et al.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.369835/lat -21.226166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.369835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226166">California Acad. of Sciences</a>
                 montane rainforest, malaise trap, coll. code: BLF2375”. Both paratypes also bear the following label: “ PARATYPE  Erephognathus ranomafanae Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. n. 2015” [yellow label]  . 
            </p>
            <p>  TYPE LOCALITY.— Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Province,  Ranomafana National Park . </p>
            <p> DERIVATION OF SPECIES NAME.— The species epithet,  ranomafanae , is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the national park in which the type was collected. </p>
            <p> RECOGNITION.— Size moderate for genus, SBL of females = 7.5 - 8. 9 mm. In Jeannel’s (1949) key to species of  Erephognathus , members of  E. ranomafanae key to  E. coerulescens (Fairmaire 1903) based on their short antennae (extended posteriorly only to the basal one-fourth of the elytra or less) and the absence of the tuft of setae from the apex of antennomere 11 (terminal antennomere) found in  E. margarithrix Alluaud (1936a) members. The pronotum (Fig. 38A) is distinctly longer, narrower and less convex and with anterior angles more projected, narrowed and angulate than in members of  E. coerulescens . </p>
            <p> GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.—   We have examined specimens from only two areas. Two female specimens were collected in Ranomafana National Park, the type locality, on the eastern slope off the central plateau in the northeastern part of the southern half of the island of Madagascar. A third specimen, also a female, was collected near Anjozorobe, in Antananarivo Province, slightly north of the center of the island and just over 300 km north of  Ranomafana along the eastern slope off the central plateau.  No specimens have been recorded from intervening areas  . </p>
            <p>HABITAT DISTRIBUTION.— Specimens of the type series were all collected in malaise traps in montane rainforest at elevations ranging from 1110 to 1300 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573044FFAFFF8EF9B3BE7F0E68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kavanaugh, David H.;Rainio, Johanna	Kavanaugh, David H., Rainio, Johanna (2016): Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7): 201-268, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13799439
