taxonID	type	description	language	source
DD2B5D82D4C27D624CDBCB14E5BCD859.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Although showing congeneric affinity, Palaeomystella fernandesi has morphological features that in conjunction distinguish it from all known Palaeomystella species, as follows: 1) male genitalia with upper section of valve narrowing distally, forming a single process that bends medially; 2) pupa with cremaster short and apically rounded, with four pairs of setae; 3) galls of fusiform type, external surface without conspicuous ornament, bearing a few longitudinal carinae, induced on stem of Tibouchina sellowiana apical branches.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
DD2B5D82D4C27D624CDBCB14E5BCD859.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Figs 1 A-B). Sexes similar in size and color; Forewing length 4.68 to 6.11 mm (n = 7). Head (Fig. 1 B): Frons and vertex creamy white; labial palpus mostly dark brown, basal segments angled laterally, terminal segment slightly angled upward; antennae dark brown; proboscis yellowish brown. Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum whitish creamy white with pale-brown scales; legs dark brown. Forewing (Figs 1 A, 2 A): lanceolate, with 13 veins; L / W index ~ 5.1; dorsally covered mostly by dark-brown scales; with three interconnected white areas that form a longitudinal S-like band; one proximal, rounded, in the anal area, made of pale-creamy white scales, followed by a short stripe aligned in the cubital area, made of creamy white scales, and a third, also rounded and faint, in the cell, made of pale-creamy white scales; a tenuous, U-shaped band of pale-gray scales following the contours of the tornus; three raised tufts of pale-gray scales, located posteriorly to cubitus, in anal area, in line with mid-cell, and near tornal area respectively; fringes dark brown; ventrally mostly covered by dark-brown scales; retinaculum subcostal; discal cell closed, ~ 0.8 x length of forewing, ending near 1 / 5 of wing margin; Sc ending ca. middle of anterior margin; R 5 - branched; R 1 ending near 1 / 3 of wing margin; R 4 and R 5 stalked ca. 1 / 2 distance from the cell apex; M 3 - branched; CuA 2 - branched; CuP weak proximally and not stalked, with well-developed 1 A + 2 A extending more than 1 / 2 posterior margin. Hindwing (Figs 1 A, 2 A): strongly lanceolate, with nine veins; L / W index ~ 7.2, ~ 0.8 forewing in length; scales dark brown on both sides; fringes dark brown; frenulum a single acanthus in male, with two distally directed acanthi in female; Sc + R 1 ending ca. 1 / 2 anterior margin; Rs ending ca. 1 / 5 anterior margin; M 3 - branched, M 1 and M 2 stalked from remnant chorda of cell, from point beyond base of Rs; CuA 2 - branched, with CuA 1 stalked to M 3; CuP weakly sclerotized, ending 1 / 3 posterior margin; 1 A + 2 A well developed, ending near basis of posterior margin. Abdomen (not illustrated): pale brown, intermixed with gray scales, with transverse irregular rows of spiniform setae on terga 2 - 7 in both sexes; eighth sternum (Fig. 2 C) anteriorly expanded medially into a short lobe, associated with a subtriangular sternite. Male genitalia (Figs 2 B, D-H). Uncus narrow, separated from tegumen by a narrow membranous area, distally roof like and laterally setose (Figs 2 F, H); tegumen narrow; vinculum widened ventrally; transtilla a flat, rounded fig; aedeagus cylindrical, moderately long, slightly wider basally (Fig. 2 G); vesica bearing a few short stout cornuti; juxta (Fig. 2 D) attached to distal portion of aedeagus (Fig. 2 G), longer than wide, with two small, parallel pointed projections mid-anteriorly and deeply concave distally; valva (Figs 2 B, F, H) covered with several long setae, divided near 1 / 3 from the basis, with a long, finger-like sacculus and a wide spatulate costa, bearing a thin ventral finger-like projection near apex, and several stout, medium-sized spines meso-ventrally (Fig. 2 E). Female genitalia (Figs 2 I-J). Papillae anales connected dorsally, narrowed distally, setose; anterior apophyses with arms slightly curved, similar in length to posterior apophyses; sterigma divided into a bandlike tergum and a distally bilobed sternum, shallowly and widely emarginate medially; ostium bursae small, wider than long; ductus bursae membranous, shorter than corpus bursae; ductus seminalis inserted distally; corpus bursae an elongate sac, with no sclerotizations on inner wall.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
DD2B5D82D4C27D624CDBCB14E5BCD859.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality, in the Dense Umbrophilous Forest (= Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest sensu stricto) portions of the CPCN Pro-Mata, Sao Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
DD2B5D82D4C27D624CDBCB14E5BCD859.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Prof. Dr. Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, for his great contributions to the development of cecidology in the Neotropics.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
32459D8899FE83A6994ACE5A5F78CE8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Closest to Palaeomystella tavaresi, sharing with this species a valve with a pronounced palmate costa and bladelike signa. These characters distinguish them from all other species of Palaeomystella except Palaeomystella oligophaga. This, however, has the forewings with R 4 - R 5 fused and the hindwing with M 1 and M 2 stalked from the remnant chorda of the cell (Becker and Adamski 2008). Palaeomystella rosaemariae differs from Palaeomystella tavaresi by having: 1) adults, body covered with pale-brown scales interspersed with pale-brown scales tipped with dark brown; 2) males with latero-anterior margin of eighth sternite deeply concave; upper distal section of valva narrower; juxta as long as wide, slightly concave anteriorly; 3) females with signa with inward projection long, thin and curved; 4) pupa with cremaster tubular, dorsally directed, bearing latero-apically a pair of anteriorly curved spines; 5) galls globose, with external surface covered with short spine-like projections, induced on terminal buds of Tibouchina asperior.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
32459D8899FE83A6994ACE5A5F78CE8C.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Figs 1 C-D). Sexes similar, forewing length 4.81 to 5.59 mm (n = 5). Head (Fig. 1 D): Frons pale brown; vertex and labial palpus and antenna with pale-brown scales tipped with dark brown; labial palpus with basal segments angled laterally, terminal segment slightly angled upward; proboscis yellowish brown. Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum with pale-brown scales tipped with dark brown, posterior scales having more pale brown; fore and midlegs dark brown; hindlegs pale brown, tibia and tarsus with intermixed dark-brown scales. Forewing (Figs 1 C, 5 A): lanceolate, with 13 veins; L / W index ~ 4.5; dorsally covered by pale-brown scales intermixed with scattered, pale-brown scales tipped with dark brown, and with longitudinally aligned groups of brown scales; a narrow, ill-defined, dark-brown streak bisecting the wing longitudinally from base to tornus; 3 raised scale tufts located posterior to cubitus, including 1 wider tuft in anal area, 1 in line with midcell, and 1 near tornal area; fringes pale brown, interspersed with a few pale-brown scales tipped with dark brown; tornal area with two bands of pale-brown scales tipped with blackish brown; ventrally, mostly uniformly covered with dark-brown scales; retinaculum subcostal; discal cell closed, ~ 2 / 3 length of forewing; ending near 1 / 5 of wing margin; Sc ending ca. middle of anterior margin; R 5 - branched; R 1 ending near 1 / 3 of wing margin; R 4 and R 5 stalked ca. 1 / 4 distance from the cell apex; M 3 - branched; CuA 2 - branched; CuP weak proximally and not stalked, with 1 A + 2 A that is well developed, extending more than half length of posterior margin. Hindwing (Fig. 5 A) strongly lanceolate, with 9 veins; L / W index ~ 6.4, ~ 0.8 forewing in length; scales pale brown on both sides; fringes pale brown; frenulum with a single acanthus in male, and with two acanthi in female, proximal acanthus anteriorly divergent, and distal acanthus parallel to wing anterior margin; Sc + R 1 ending at ca. 1 / 2 anterior margin; Rs ending at ca. 1 / 5 anterior margin; M 3 - branched; CuA 2 - branched, with CuA 1 stalked to M 3; CuP weakly sclerotized, ending at 1 / 3 posterior margin; 1 A + 2 A well developed, ending near basis of posterior margin. Abdomen (not illustrated): pale-brown scales intermixed with gray scales, with transverse irregular rows of spiniform setae on terga 2 - 7 in both sexes; eighth sternum (Fig. 5 C) anteriorly expanded medially into a slender, sharply pointed lobe, associated with a subtrapezoidal sternite. Male genitalia (Figs 5 B, D-F, H). Uncus narrow, separated from tegumen by a narrow membranous area, laterally setose (Fig. 5 F); tegumen narrow, widened dorsally; vinculum widened ventrally; transtilla a short, flat fig; aedeagus tubiform, short (twice as long as wide), curved ventrally, slightly wider basally (Figs 5 E-F); vesica bearing several stout cornuti; juxta (Fig. 5 D) attached to distal portion of aedeagus (Fig. 5 E), wider than long, with slightly concave anterior margin and pointed distally; valva (Figs 5 B, F, H) covered with several long setae, divided near 1 / 3 from base, with flat, broad sacculus tapering distad, and long, spatulate costa, rounded distally and gradually constricted toward base. Female genitalia (Figs 5 G, I-J). Papillae anales connected dorsally, setose (Figs 5 I-J); anterior apophyses slightly shorter than posterior apophyses; sterigma divided into a bandlike tergum and a distally bilobed sternum, shallowly emarginate medially; ostium bursae large, wider than long; ductus bursae membranous, longer than corpus bursae; ductus seminalis inserted medially; corpus bursae an elongate sac, bearing two narrow and curved, bladelike signa that are connected to transversely elongate, rounded figs located on the wall (Figs 5 G, J).	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
32459D8899FE83A6994ACE5A5F78CE8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Palaeomystella rosaemariae is known only from the type locality, the fragments of lowland Dense Umbrophilous Atlantic Forest of Coxilha das Lombas, Santo Antonio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
32459D8899FE83A6994ACE5A5F78CE8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Prof. Dr. Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias, an anatomist of the Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, for her great contributions to the development of cecidology in the Neotropics.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
AEAD27ECBF58BF37BC49A0A386A01118.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Closest to Palaeomystella rosaemariae, sharing with this species a pronounced palmate costa of the valve and a bladelike signa. As already mentioned, these characteristics differentiate them from all other species of Palaeomystella except Palaeomystella oligophaga. This species, however, has the forewings with R 4 - R 5 fused and the hindwing with M 1 and M 2 stalked from the remnant chorda of the cell (Becker and Adamski 2008). Palaeomystella tavaresi differs from Palaeomystella rosaemariae by having: 1) adults with body covered with pale-brown scales tipped with brown, and brown scales; 2) males with latero-anterior margin of eighth sternum anteriorly expanded medially into a stout, rounded lobe; valva with distal portion of costa wider; juxta longer than wide, anteriorly convex; 3) females with signa having inward projections shorter, straight and stout; 4) pupa with cremaster slightly bifurcated and posteriorly directed, with a latero-apically located pair of blunt spines; 5) galls of rosette type, induced on apical / terminal buds of Tibouchina fissinervia shoots, causing growth of clustered short leaves with a cylindrical gall chamber.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
AEAD27ECBF58BF37BC49A0A386A01118.taxon	description	Description. Adult (Figs 1 E-F). Sexes similar, forewing length 7.02 to 9.23 mm (n = 8). Head: Frons pale brown; vertex with pale-brown scales tipped with brown (Fig. 1 F); labial palpus pale brown, basal segments angled laterally, terminal segment slightly angled upward; antennae brown; proboscis yellowish brown. Thorax: Tegula and mesonotum (Fig. 1 F) with brown scales tipped with dark brown, posterior scales paler brown; fore and midlegs dark brown; hindlegs pale brown, tibia and tarsus with intermixed dark-brown scales. Forewings (Figs 1 E, 8 A): lanceolate, with 13 veins; L / W index ~ 4.4; dorsally covered with brown scales, intermixed with dark-brown scales tipped with black, and pale-brown scales; a narrow, ill-defined, dark-brown streak bisects the wing longitudinally from base to a brown, subapical, crescentic marking, edged distally with dark-gray scales; 3 raised scale tufts located posterior to cubitus, in anal area, in line with midcell, and near tornal area, respectively; fringes pale brown; ventral side most uniformly covered with dark-brown scales; discal cell closed, ~ 0.7 x length of forewing; ending near 1 / 5 wing margin; Sc ending ca. 1 / 3 anterior margin; R 5 - branched; R 1 ending near 1 / 4 of wing margin; R 4 and R 5 stalked ca. 1 / 2 distance from cell apex; M 3 - branched; CuA 2 - branched; CuP weak proximally and not stalked, with 1 A + 2 A that is well developed, extending more than half length of posterior margin. Hindwing (Figs 1 E, 8 A): strongly lanceolate, with 9 veins; L / W index ~ 5.4, ~ 0.84 forewing in length; scales light brown on both sides; fringes pale brown; frenulum a single acanthus on male, with two parallel-sided acanthi in female. Sc + R 1 ending ca. 1 / 2 anterior margin; Rs ending near end of anterior margin; M 3 - branched, with M 1 and M 2 stalked near Rs; CuA 2 - branched; CuP weakly sclerotized, ending at 1 / 2 posterior margin; 1 A + 2 A well developed, ending near basis of posterior margin. Abdomen (not illustrated): scales pale brown intermixed with gray scales, with transverse irregular rows of spiniform setae on terga 2 - 7 in both sexes. Eighth sternum (Fig. 8 C) expanded anteromedially into a stout, rounded lobe, associated with a subtrapezoidal sternite. Male genitalia (Figs 8 B, D-F, H). Uncus narrow, separated from tegumen by a narrow membranous area, laterally setose (Figs 8 F, H); tegumen narrow; vinculum widened ventrally; transtilla a short, flat fig; aedeagus tubiform, curved ventrally, short (2 x longer than wide), slightly wider basally (Figs 8 E-F); vesica bearing several stout cornuti; juxta (Fig. 8 D) attached to distal portion of aedeagus (Fig. 8 E), as long as wide, with convex basal margin and pointed distally; valva (Fig. 8 B) covered by several long setae, divided near 1 / 3 from the basis, with sacculus spatulate, tapering distad, and costa long, palmate, gradually constricted basad. Female genitalia (Figs 8 G, I-J). Papillae anales connected dorsally, setose (Figs 8 I-J); anterior apophyses similar in length to posterior, slightly curved apophyses; sterigma divided into a bandlike tergum and a distally bilobed sternum, deeply and narrowly emarginate medially; ostium bursae of small size, wider than long; ductus bursae membranous, longer than corpus bursae, with ductus seminalis inserted medially; corpus bursae an elongate sac, bearing two stout, straight, bladelike signa connected to crescentic figs located in the wall (Figs 8 G, J).	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
AEAD27ECBF58BF37BC49A0A386A01118.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Palaeomystella tavaresi is known only from the type locality, in preserved fragments of the Atlantic Rain Forest at the Serra Bonita Reserve, Camacan, Bahia, Brazil.	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
AEAD27ECBF58BF37BC49A0A386A01118.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Palaeomystella tavaresi is named in memory of the Jesuit priest Joaquim da Silva Tavares, a Portuguese naturalist and a pioneer in the study and description of Brazilian cecidology (Tavares 1917).	en	Luz, Fernando A., Goncalves, Gislene L., Moreira, Gilson R. P., Becker, Vitor O. (2014): Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. ZooKeys 433: 97-127, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.7379
