taxonID	type	description	language	source
091401346104FF94FF77C951FDF2FAAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eyes separated by 1.5 facet diameters; gonostyli simple with curved apex outward directed in dorsoventral view; surstyli pyriform, tapered toward apex, with apical retinaculum and a group of 18 – 20 accessory retinacula confined over a basal dark patch; distiphallus with the form of a scorpion tail in lateral view.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346104FF94FF77C951FDF2FAAF.taxon	description	Male description. (Figs. 1 – 8). Head wider than long; eye bridge with three rows of facets, getting narrow toward midline; eyes separated by 1.5 facet diameters; interocular suture as an inverted “ Y ”; frontal patch of alveoli with the dorsal margin straight and the ventral margin bilobed; proportion of palpal segments: 1.0: 1.93: 2.12: 2.25; palpus reaching well the level of the median portion of flagellomere 6 (Fig. 1). Labium with inverted “ Y ” sclerite, and internally with 8 – 10 small spiniform setae near middle and two long spiniform setae at level of labrum; labella bulbous with some setae and four short spiniform setae on the internal margin (Fig. 2). Antenna with scape twice the length of pedicel (Fig. 3), and 14 fusiform flagellomeres, each with two belts of verticils, ascoids not differentiated; apical flagellomere with long apiculus (Fig. 4). Wing length 2.6 its width; with setae on the costal area; wing membrane with dark spots at middle of costal cell, the base of R 4, R 5, M, at R and M forks, and at apices of all veins, slightly infuscate across the wing from the apical dark spot of R 1 and CuA 1 to apex of wing, leaving rounded hyaline spots between the apex of veins (Fig. 5). Abdomen without patches of specialized setae or squamae. Terminalia: Gonocoxites with an apical group of setae which are slightly shorter than gonocoxites, anterior condyles plate-like, nearly quadrangular, and fused at midline. Gonostyli simple, turned outwards in the apical third, and with the apex hook-like, 1.5 times the length of gonocoxites (Fig. 6). Distiphallus large, in dorso-ventral view expanded at apex from which an acute point develops; in lateral view, it seems like a scorpion sting; aedeagal sheath membranous, more or less globular in apical third and covering the distiphallus to level of the middle portion of the distiphallus vesicle; a laminar membranous tunica with microtrichia covers ventrally the distiphallus from base to the beginning of the vesicle, with the posterior margin straight, so in dorso-ventral view it seems bell-like; basiphallus with oval transparent bulging, anteriorly expanded (Fig. 6, 7). Epandrium wider than long, without setae alveoli on the external surface, laterally rounded, with an anterior sclerotized strap, one large foramen near base, from which internally two laminar struts diverge toward the base of surstyli. Sternum X pyramidal with round apex. Tergum X wide with apical margin irregular but nearly straight. Surstyli longer than epandrium, pyriform, with the apical fourth thin, a clavate retinaculum at apex, and a prebasal dark cluster of about 18 – 20 very long and capitate accessory retinacula (Fig. 8). Measurements. Head width: 0.598 (0.56 – 0.64) n = 13; head length: 0.503 (0.47 – 0.53) n = 13; length from vertex to dorsal margin of eye: 0.142 (0.12 – 0.15) n = 13; labrum length: 0.134 (0.12 – 0.15) n = 13; proboscis length: 0.153 (0.13 – 0.17) n = 13; palpus length: 0.672 (0.61 – 0.74) n = 13; antenna length: 1.758 (1.68 – 1.88) n = 4; wing length: 2.0 (1.83 – 2.25) n = 13; wing width: 0.768 (0.70 – 0.88) n = 13; length of R 2 + 3: 0.055 (0.04 – 0.09) n = 13; length of R 2: 0.805 (0.70 – 0.91) n = 13; length of M 1 + 2: 0.488 (0.46 – 0.58) n = 13, length of M 2: 0.988 (0.90 – 1.23) n = 13; epandrium width: 0.238 (0.21 – 0.25) n = 8; epandrium length at midline: 0.13 (0.12 – 0.14) n = 8; epandrium maximum length: 0.246 (0.24 – 0.25) n = 8; surstylus length: 0.225 (0.19 – 0.26) n = 12; retinaculum length: 0.075 (0.07 – 0.09) n = 11; gonocoxite length: 0.142 (0.11 – 0.16) n = 13; gonostylus length: 0.204 (0.18 – 0.22) n = 13; aedeagus length: 0.389 (0.37 – 0.40) n = 8. Female description. (Figs. 9 – 14). As male, except for the following characteristics: Eyes separated by 2.5 facet diameters; proportion of palpal segments: 1.0: 1.97: 2.03: 2.23 (Fig. 9); all flagellomeres with a pair of digitiform ascoids, which are somewhat shortest than the respective flagellomere (Figs. 10, 11); and wing length 2.75 its width (Fig. 12). Subgenital plate long, its anterior margin shallow and with long setae which are more numerous at lateral margins, narrowed at the union with the hypogynial valves (or subgenital lobes); hypogynial valves longer than subgenital plate, laterally expanded and as wide as the base of the plate; each valve rounded and separated from one another by a rounded space; valves covered with setae which have similar size and form than those of the plate; internal surface of plate with an V-shaped sclerotization at level of the base of valves, and with a sensilla patch near the anterior margin at the same level as the genital chamber; ventral receptacle with a pair of posterior sclerotized rods near middle articulated with a pair of short transversal rods that are laterally expanded in the form of halfmoon, and with two short anterior sclerotized projections that support a quadrangular plate. Cerci short and broad, about 2.0 times the length of the subgenital plate and valves (Figs. 13, 14). Measurements. (n = 3). Head width: 0.597 (0.58 – 0.61); head length: 0.51 (0.50 – 0.52); length from vertex to dorsal margin of eye: 0.167 (0.16 – 0.17); labrum length: 0.147 (0.14 – 0.15); proboscis length: 0.157 (0.15 – 0.16); palpus length: 0.723 (0.71 – 0.74); antenna length: 1.755 (1.73 – 1.78) n = 2; wing length: 2.32 (2.28 – 2.35); wing width: 0.843 (0.80 – 0.88); length of R 2 + 3: 0.083 (0.07 – 0.09); length of R 2: 0.93 (0.92 – 0.95); length of M 1 + 2: 0.587 (0.92 – 0.95); length of M 2: 1.083 (1.02 – 1.15); basal width of subgenital plate: 0.16; total length of subgenital plate: 0.183 (0.18 – 0.19); hypogynial valves length: 0.133 (0.13 – 0.14); cerci length: 0.343 (0.34 – 0.35).	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346104FF94FF77C951FDF2FAAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂: Mexico, Puebla, Jolalpan, Rancho El Salado (18 ° 20 ' 08.5 " N, 98 ° 57 ' 27.1 " W, altitude: 930 m), CDC light trap, J. Durán-Luz, col. 14 – ii – 2015, 1 # m. Paratypes 12 ♂, 3 ♀: same data as holotype, except: 15 – x – 2014, 1 ♂; 13 – ii – 2015, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 01 – v – 2015, 1 ♂; 12 – ii – 2017, 1 ♂; 13 – ii – 2017, 2 ♂; 01 – v – 2017, 3 ♂; 27 – xiii – 2017, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 29 – xiii – 2017, 1 ♂. Malaise trap: 4 – 6 – ii – 2016, 1 ♂, 1 ♀.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346104FF94FF77C951FDF2FAAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, aculeum = sting, and cauda = tail, referring to the form of a scorpion sting that has the distiphallus in lateral view.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346104FF94FF77C951FDF2FAAF.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Mexico, Puebla, Jolalpan, Rancho El Salado.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346104FF94FF77C951FDF2FAAF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Alepia aculeocauda is similar to Alepia bifida Tkoč, Ježek & Le Pont 2017, by the structure of the male terminalia, mainly of the aedeagus. Alepia bifida can be separated in the male by the presence of ascoids, accessory retinacula umbellate, bifurcate apical projection of distiphallus, and gonostylus apex hook-like. Also, A. aculeocauda can be confused with Alepia apachis Quate, 1999, but this species has a short scape, the surstylus has 6 – 8 accessory retinacula and does not have an apical retinaculum, the basiphallus end anteriorly in a point, and the distiphallus is not widen like a scorpion tail vesicle nor having a sting like protuberance. With Alepia ancylis Quate & Brown, 2004, it shares the shape of the surtyli with an apical tenaculum, but A. ancylis has a preapical group of spatulate specialized setae, the gonostyli has a group of four sensilla near the base, and its apex is wider as compared with its base, whereas the female has the hypogynial valves narrowest with the external margins straight, and the sclerotization of the genital chamber is T-shaped. Alepia aculeocauda belongs to the no-named group of species mentioned by Quate & Brown (2004) characterized by a compact group of accessory retinacula originated on a dark area of surtyli, having the eye bridge ending in a small number of facet rows.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346101FF9AFF77C99FFAD6FDED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eye bridge separated by less than 0.5 facet diameters; male gonostylus bifurcated from base, one is an external branch divided in two branches, one derived from the basal third and other very short and sclerotized near the apex, and an internal banana-like branch; external branch of gonostylus with a group of 6 – 8 sensilla at base; surstylus pear-shaped, ending in acute apex, with about 22 accessory retinacula with clavate apex scattered on the internal area.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346101FF9AFF77C99FFAD6FDED.taxon	description	Male description. (Figs. 15 – 23). Head wider than long; ocular bridge with three rows of facets; eyes separated by less than 0.5 facet diameters; interocular suture as an inverted “ Y ”; frontal patch of alveoli with the inferior margin bilobed; palpus reaching the level of base of flagellomere 7; proportion of palpal segments: 1.0: 1.48: 1.52: 1.91 (Fig. 15). Labium with an inverted “ Y ” sclerite, 8 – 10 short spiniform setae near midline and two larger isolated spiniform setae near labium base; labella bulbous, each labellum with some setae and four spiniform setae on internal margin (Fig. 16). Antenna with scape 1.6 the length of pedicel, with 14 fusiform flagellomeres, that present two rows of verticilar alveoli on nodes, without differentiated ascoids; apical flagellomere with apiculus (Figs. 17, 18). Wing 2.4 times longer than wide; wing membrane with seta alveoli on the base of costal cell, slightly infuscate, with dark spots on vein apices, on radial and medial forks, over the base of R 5 that expands toward R 4 and in the base of M 1 + 2, with light spots between the apices of veins; Sc short, reaching beyond the level of the base of R 1; R 5 ending at wing apex; radial and medial forks complete, nearly at the same level; CuA 2 not expanded basally (Fig. 19). Abdominal tergum 6 with two scale patches near midline. Terminalia: Gonocoxites with anterior condyles plate-like, externally rounded, that are fused with two rounded sclerites along its anterior margin, both joined medially forming a X-like strong sclerotization; gonocoxite with 6 – 8 long setae on external margin and a patch of 6 – 8 short setae in the apical-half of internal margin. Gonostylus shorter than gonocoxite, with two branches originating from its base, the dorsal one with one external branch that produce one branch from the basal third and other very short and strongly sclerotized branch near apex, the ventral branch banana-like internally disposed in dorso-ventral view; dorsal branch of gonostylus with a basal patch of 6 – 8 short sensilla (Fig. 21). Aedeagus with basiphallus wide, hoof-like, with large transparent bulging; distiphallus long, exceeding the level of the gonostyli apex, formed by two long and one short phallomeres; aedeagal sheath membranous, difficult to see in dorso-ventral view, covering the basal two-thirds of distiphallus (Fig. 20). Distiphallus covered ventrally over the basal half, with a bell-like tunica which is somewhat membranous and has micro-pilosity denser on distal portion (Figs. 20, 21). Epandrium nearly rectangular, without foramen but with two small setae in the midbasal region. Tergum X triangular in dorso-ventral view, pilose, with rounded apex. Sternum X broad, pilose, with straight apical margin. Surstyli drop-shaped, apically pointed, with scattered setae which are more numerous on the internal margin, with short cone-shaped sensilla over the posterior half of external margin and with about 22 accessory capitate retinacula, scattered over the posterior half; there is no apical retinaculum (Figs. 22, 23). Measurements. Head width: 0.653 (0.64 – 0.67) n = 3; head length: 0.533 (0.50 – 0.56) n = 3; length from vertex to the dorsal margin of eye: 0.11 (0.10 – 0.12) n = 3; labrum length: 0.137 (0.13 – 0.14) n = 3; proboscis length: 0.157 (0.15 – 0.16) n = 3; palpus length: 0.650 (0.64 – 0.67) n = 3; antenna length: 1.650 (1.62 – 1.68) n = 2; wing length: 2.310 (2.25 – 2.35) n = 3; wing width: 0.953 (0.94 – 0.97) n = 3; R 2 + 3 length: 0.197 (0.18 – 0.21) n = 3; R 2 length: 0.957 (0.89 – 1) n = 3; M 1 + 2 length: 0.563 (0.52 – 0.62) n = 3; M 2 length: 1.143 (1.08 – 1.15) n = 3; Epandrium width: 0.290 (0.28 – 0.30) n = 3; epandrium length at midline: 0.090 (0.08 – 0.1) n = 3; epandrium maximal length: 0.277 (0.26 – 0.29) n = 3; surstylus length: 0.2, n = 2; goncoxite length: 0.193 (0.18 – 0.21) n = 3; gonostylus length: 0.157 (0.14 – 0.17) n = 3; aedeagus length: 0.543 (0.52 – 0.56) n = 3. Female description. (Figs. 24 – 29). Like male, except by the following characteristics: Proportion of palpal segments: 1.0: 1.48: 1.57: 1.96 (Fig. 24). Antennal scape 1.5 times the length of pedicel; flagellomere 1 with a hyaline circle but without ascoid, and flagellomere 2 with two circles with no ascoids; flagellomeres 3 and 4 with one ascoid, and flagellomeres 5 – 14 with two long and thin digitiform ascoids (Figs. 25, 26); and wing length 2.44 its width (Fig. 27). Subgenital plate short, with the anterior margin V-shaped, and with a group of long setae on anterolateral portion; hypogynial valves longer than the plate, with the external margin concave and the internal margin convex, laterally directed, with contiguous bases (Fig. 29). Genital chamber with a pair of posterior lateral sclerotizations, a median posteriorly bifurcated rod that continue anteriorly along the ventral receptacle and two groups of fine sensilla on the dorso-central portion; ventral receptacle with a pair of subquadrate plates, a pair of transversal rods that produce a pair of short lateral struts, and a pair of longitudinal curved struts (Figs. 28). Cerci long, 1.6 times longer than the subgenital plate and hypogynial valves (Fig. 29). Measurements. Head width: 0.665 (0.65 – 0.68) n = 2; head length: 0.565 (0.56 – 0.57) n = 2; length from vertex to the dorsal margin of eye: 0.14 (0.13 – 0.15) n = 2; labrum length: 0.15 (0.14 – 0.16) n = 2; proboscis length: 0.17 (0.16 – 0.18) n = 2; palpus length: 0.69 (0.68 – 0.70) n = 2; antenna length: 1.56 n = 1; wing length: 2.475 (2.40 – 2.55) n = 2; wing width: 1.015 (0.95 – 1.08) n = 2; length of R 2 + 3: 0.215 (0.21 – 0.22) n = 2; length of R 2: 1.09 (1.05 – 1.13) n = 2; length of M 1 + 2: 0.605 (0.60 – 0.61) n = 2; length of M 2: 1.265 (1.20 – 1.33) n = 2; basal width of subgenital plate: 0.245 (0.24 – 0.25) n = 2; total length of subgenital plate: 0.295 (0.29 – 0.30) n = 2; hypogynial valves length: 0.17 n = 2; cerci length: 0.47 n = 2.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346101FF9AFF77C99FFAD6FDED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂: Mexico, Puebla, Jolalpan, Rancho El Salado, 18 ° 20 ' 28.2 " N, 98 ° 57 ' 18.0 " W, altitude: 944 m, CDC light traps, J. Durán-Luz, col., 15 – x – 2014. Paratypes 2 ♂, 2 ♀: same data as holotype, except: 15 – x – 2015, 2 ♂; 15 – ii – 2015, 1 ♀; 25 – xii – 2015, 1 ♀. Type locality. Mexico, Puebla, Jolalpan, Rancho El Salado.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346101FF9AFF77C99FFAD6FDED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin name clavicula (English: peg, Spanish: clavija) refers to the peg-like structures on the external surface of the surstyli.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
091401346101FF9AFF77C99FFAD6FDED.taxon	discussion	Comments. The male of Alepia clavicula is in general similar to Alepia santacruz Ježek, Le Pont, Martinez & Mollinedo, 2011, but this species differs by the bifurcate gonostylus, with the two branches divided from nearly its base; in addition, it has a retinaculum near apex of surstylus, the distiphallus is composed by three branches, the short one ending very close to the apex of the two other phallomeres, and wing with a different pattern of dark spots. The form of gonostylus of A. clavicula remember three more species from Panama: A. fissura Quate, 1999, A. bulbula Quate, 1999, and A. sectilis Quate, 1999. Nevertheless, in these species the gonocoxite is shorter than the gonostylus and the aedeagal sheath strongly applied to the distiphallus, not expanded distally. Alepia clavicula belongs to the group of species proposed by Quate & Brown (2004), characterized by the accessory retinacula scattered, absence of dark area on the surstyli, and broad eye bridge with three facet rows.	en	Durán-Luz, Juana, Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, Sandoval-Ruiz, César Antonio (2018): First record of Alepia Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4497 (4): 547-558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.5
