identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0928878AFFCCBE016F6CFB91FCEBFE71.text	0928878AFFCCBE016F6CFB91FCEBFE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus basiri Jairajpuri 1964	<div><p>Basirotyleptus basiri Jairajpuri, 1964</p><p>Fig. 1, Table 1</p><p>Basirotyleptus basiri Jairajpuri, 1964: 59–64 .</p><p>Trichonchium archium Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1964: 141–143 .</p><p>Basirotyleptus basiri – Siddiqi &amp; Khan 1965: 23–31. — Furstenberg 1980: 154–155.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDIA – Kerala State • 7 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Kollam district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.990001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.008/lat 8.990001)">Ottakkal</a>; 8º59′24.0″ N, 77º00′28.8″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 2 Nov. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses and shrubs (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus basiri /1–3 • 5 ♀♀; Ernakulum district, Kalady; 11°03′40.7″ N, 76°32.7′23.8″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 27 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus basiri /4–6 • 8 ♀♀; Ernakulum district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.694/lat 10.064)">Neriamangalam</a>; 10°03′50.4″ N, 76°41′38.4″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 29 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus basiri /7–9.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0– 1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5–2.0 µm at midbody and 2.5–3.0 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with transverse striations; inner layer thick, its outline loose, irregular, distinctly striated, with radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 28–35% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; 1–3 in neck region; 2–3 at neck to vulval region and 4–7 at post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by slight constriction, 2.0–2.4 times as wide as high or about two-fifths to one-half of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated, inner part elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct and slightly raised above the labial contour. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needlelike, 1.2–1.5 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, about 1.0–1.1 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.0–1.3 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding gradually into a short, pear-shaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 15– 17% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 51–60% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia short, rounded to conoid, about one-fifth of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 41–98 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 45–81 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by welldeveloped sphincter. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 21–36 μm. Anterior genital branch reduced to a simple sac, 1.0–1.4 times the midbody diameter long. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 9.5–11.5 μm or about one-half to three-fifths (50–61%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.5–7.5 × 4.5–6.0 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae long, 4.0–5.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.0–3.2 and rectum 0.8–1.2 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to conoid, 0.8–1.0 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>General morphology similar to that of female except for posterior region being more ventrally curved. Genital system diorchic, testes opposed, sperm cell spindle-shaped. In addition to adcloacal pair situated at 6 µm from cloacal aperture, there is single ventromedian supplement located at 25 μm from adcloacal pair, beyond the range of spicules. Spicules typically dorylaimoid, curved ventrad, slightly robust, 5.0 times as long as wide and 1.3 times as long as cloacal body diameter, dorsal contour regularly convex, ventral contour bearing a moderately developed hump and hollow, curvature 132º, head occupying 20% of total spicules length, median pieces 10.6 times as long as wide or occupying about 37% of the spicules maximum width, reaching the spicules tip, posterior end 2.5 μm wide. Lateral guiding pieces distinct, rod-like, about 5.0 times as long as wide or about one-fourth of the spicules length. Prerectum 3.0 and rectum 1.4 times cloacal body diameter long. Tail short rounded to conoid, about as long as the cloacal body diameter, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Jairajpuri (1964) proposed the genus Basirotyleptus with B. basiri as its type species from Jorhat, Assam, India. Siddiqi &amp; Khan (1964, 1965) recorded this species from Assam and Madhya Pradesh respectively. Furstenberg (1980) described this species from Malaysia, whereas, Shamim et al. (2014) from Pakistan. The morphometrics of present populations conform well with the type population except in having slightly lower c (35–47 vs 45–58) ratio and presence of male (vs absent). The present populations also conform well with Siddiqi &amp; Khan (1964) population except in having slightly shorter body (0.45–0.54 vs 0.59–0.67 mm); lower b (4.0–4.9 vs 5.4–6.4) and c (36–47 vs 47–56) ratios and presence of male (vs absent). The present specimens also conform well with Madhya Pradesh population described by Siddiqi &amp; Khan (1965) except in having short and robust body (0.45–0.54 vs 0.68–0.71 mm, a = 22–29 vs 29–31); slightly shorter odontostyle (10.5–12 vs 13–14 µm); lower b (4.0–4.9 vs 6.3–6.5) and c (36– 47 vs 58–61) ratios and smaller spicules (20 vs 25–26 µm). The morphometrics of present populations agree well with the Malaysia population except in having slightly longer odontostyle (10.5–12.0 vs 9.3–10.5 µm); longer rectum (11.5–20.0 vs 10–11 µm) and presence of male (vs absent). The present populations conform well with the Pakistan population except in having shorter body (0.45–0.54 vs 0.63–0.78 mm); lower b (4.0–4.9 vs 5.0–6.8), lower c (35–47 vs 56–69) ratios and slighter higher c’ (0.7–1.0 vs 0.5–0.7) ratio. These differences are considered here as intraspecific variability. This species is recorded here for the first time from the Western Ghats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFCCBE016F6CFB91FCEBFE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFC8BE0E6F71FE21FB21FBAC.text	0928878AFFC8BE0E6F71FE21FB21FBAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus pini Siddiqi & Khan 1965	<div><p>Basirotyleptus pini Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1965</p><p>Fig. 2, Table 2</p><p>Basirotyleptus pini Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1965: 641–645 .</p><p>Basirotyleptus pini – Baqri 1991: 75–77. — Li et al. 2008: 2008–2009.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDIA – Kerala State • 9 ♀♀; Kollam district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.092999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.861/lat 9.092999)">Pathanampuram</a>; 9º05′34.8″ N, 76º51′39.6″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 3 Nov. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus pini /1–3 • 9 ♀♀; Pathanamthitta district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.256" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.922/lat 9.256)">Thannithode</a>; 9°15′21.6″ N, 76°55′19.2″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 1 Nov. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus pini /4–6 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation; tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 2.0–2.5 µm at midbody and 2.5–3.5 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, smooth or with very fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, its outline irregular, loose, finely striated, with radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 30–35% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; 1–2 in neck region; 2–3 at neck to vulval region and 5–9 at post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by deep constriction, 2.1–2.5 times as wide as high or about two-fifths to one-half of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated, angular, projected, inner part elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct and slightly raised above the labial contour. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needle-like, 1.3–1.5 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, slightly swollen at base surrounded by pharyngeal tissue, 1.0–1.1 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.2–1.3 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding gradually into a short, pear-shaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 14–17% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 50–59% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia short, rounded to conoid, about one-fifth to one-third of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 56–98 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 45–95 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by weak sphincter. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 19–31 μm. Anterior genital branch reduced to small sac, 0.40–0.81 times midbody diameter long. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 10.5–12.5 μm or about one-half to three-fifths (50–62%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 6.0–7.5 × 4.0–6.5 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 4.0–5.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.0–3.5 and rectum 1.1–1.3 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to conoid, 0.7–1.0 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Siddiqi &amp; Khan (1965) described this species from Kashmir, India. Baqri (1991) reported it from South Sikkim, India, whereas, Li et al. (2008) recorded it from the China. The morphometrics of present populations conform well with the type population except in having slightly lower c ratio (33–43 vs 43–55). The present populations conform well with the Sikkim population except for longer total stylet (24.5–26.0 vs 18–23) and odontostyle (11.0–12.5 vs 8.0–9.0 µm); lower c (33–43 vs 50–60) and higher c’ (0.76–1.0 vs 0.6–0.7) ratios, and longer tail (12–16 vs 8.0–9.0 µm). The present specimens also conform well with the Chinese specimens except in having anterior vulva position (V = 35.5–40.6 vs 42.0–43.5); slightly longer tail (12–16 vs 10–13 µm) and lower c ratio (33–43 vs 55–61). Goseco et al. (1974) in their revision of the genus Basirotyleptus restudied the type material of B. pini and they observed amphids are duplex, stirrup-shaped, but Siddiqi &amp; Khan (1965) in their description mentioned that amphids are simple, stirrup-shaped. Whereas Baqri (1991) mentioned amphids as simple cup-shaped. The shape of amphids is apparently difficult to observe and in present specimens the amphids appeared as simple, stirrup-shaped. This species is recorded here for the first time from the Western Ghats.</p><p>In the presence of simple odontophore and anterior uterine sac, this species also comes close to Basirotyleptus basiri Jairajpuri, 1964 but differs in having outer and inner cuticle finely striated (vs distinctly striated), lip region offset by deep constriction (vs slight constriction) and shorter anterior uterine branch (two-fifths to two-thirds vs always more than midbody diameter long).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFC8BE0E6F71FE21FB21FBAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFC7BE0B6F15FB65FE55FAA2.text	0928878AFFC7BE0B6F15FB65FE55FAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus nindei Siddiqi 1970	<div><p>Basirotyleptus nindei Siddiqi, 1970</p><p>Fig. 3, Table 3</p><p>Basirotyleptus nindei Siddiqi, 1970: 203–205 .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDIA – Kerala State • 11 ♀♀; Pathanamthitta district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.256" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.922/lat 9.256)">Thannithodu forest</a>; 9º15′21.6″ N, 76º55′19.2″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 1 Nov. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus nindei /1–4 • 7 ♀♀; Ernakulum district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.798996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.158" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.798996/lat 10.158)">Manikandanchal</a>; 10º09′28.8″ N, 76º47′56.4″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 28 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus nindei /5–7 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation; body cylindrical tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5–2.0 µm at midbody and 2.5–3.0 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, finely striated, loose, its outline irregular, with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 29–35% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; 1–2 in neck region; 1–2 from pharyngeal base to vulva; 2–4 in post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by constriction, 1.8–2.1 times as wide as high or about one-third to two-fifths of the body diameter at neck base. Lips angular, separate, inner part elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct but not interfering with labial contour. Amphids stirrupshaped, their aperture about two-fifths to one-half as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needle-like, 1.4–1.5 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore sclerotized, with prominent basal flanges, about 1.0–1.2 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.2–1.7 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short pearshaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 14–18% of total neck length. Nerve ring located at 53–60% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to conoid, about one-fourth to one-third of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 37–84 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 39–81 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by weak sphincter. Uterus short and muscular, measuring 16–25 μm. Anterior genital branch absent or rarely present (n = 7), reduced to a very small sac, about one-fifth to one-fourth midbody diameter long. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 8.5–9.5 μm or about two-fifths to one-half (43–52%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.0–7.0 × 4.0–5.0 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 3.0–4.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.0–3.1 and rectum 1.0–1.4 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to conoid, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Siddiqi (1970) described this species from the Malawi. During the present study eighteen females were collected from two different localities of the Western Ghats, India. The morphometrics of present populations conform well with the type population except in having differently shaped amphids (stirrupshaped vs cup-shaped), slightly shorter odontostyle (9.0–10.5 vs 11.0 µm), slightly longer odontophore (10.5–12 vs 10 µm); nerve ring located more posteriorly (53–60 vs 50% of total neck length); sometimes presence of small anterior uterine sac about one-fourth to one-third midbody diameter long (vs anterior sac completely absent) and slightly shorter prerectum (2.0–3.1 vs 3.0–4.0 times anal body diameter). These slight differences are considered as intraspecific variability. This species is reported here for the first time from the India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFC7BE0B6F15FB65FE55FAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFC2BE086F7DFA7FFC97FA64.text	0928878AFFC2BE086F7DFA7FFC97FA64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus ethiopicus Siddiqi 1970	<div><p>Basirotyleptus ethiopicus Siddiqi, 1970</p><p>Fig. 4, Table 4</p><p>Basirotyleptus ethiopicus Siddiqi, 1970: 205–206</p><p>Basirotyleptus ethiopicus – Goseco et al. 1974: 11, 20.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDIA – Kerala State • 7 ♀♀; Palakkad district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.53817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.063778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.53817/lat 11.063778)">Silent Valley National Park</a>; 11º03′49.6″ N, 76º32′17.4″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 26 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of forest trees (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus ethiopicus /1–5 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad upon fixation; tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 2.0–2.5 µm at midbody and 2.5–3.0 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin with transverse striation, inner layer thick, distinctly striated, loose, its outline irregular, with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 30–35% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; 1–2 in neck region; 1–2 from pharyngeal base to vulva; 4–7 in post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by slight constriction, 1.8–2.1 times as wide as high or about one-third to two-fifths of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated; inner part elevated, forming a perioral disc. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct but not interfering with labial contour. Amphids duplex, stirrup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle very slender, solid, thin needle-like, 1.4–1.8 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, about 1.0–1.2 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.0–1.3 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short, pear-shaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 13–16% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 55–62% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia short, rounded to conoid, about one-fourth to one-third of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 36–88 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 30–57 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a weakly developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction indistinct. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 21–32 μm. Anterior genital branch completely absent. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 8.5–10.5 μm or about two-fifths to one-half (45–55%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.0–7.0 × 3.0–4.0 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 3.0–4.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.0–2.9 and rectum 0.9–1.4 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to hemispheroid, 0.7–0.8 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Siddiqi (1970) described B. ethiopicus from the Malawi. Goseco et al. (1974) in their revision of the genus Basirotyleptus made a detailed study of the type material and added a population from Indiana. The morphometrics of present populations conform well with the type population as well as Indiana population except in having slightly wider lip region (6.0–7.5 vs 5.0–6.0 µm); narrower lateral chords (30–35% vs more than 50% of mid body diameter) and slight differently shaped cardia (rounded to conoid vs rounded). These slight differences are considered as intraspecific variability. This species is reported here for the first time from the India.</p><p>In the presence of labial disc, this species closely resembles B. nemoralis Siddiqi, 1970 except in having a comparatively robust body (a = 20–25 vs 27–33); shorter pharyngeal bulb (about one vs two corresponding body diameter long); absence of anterior uterine sac (vs present) and differently shaped tail (rounded to hemispheroid vs obtusely rounded).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFC2BE086F7DFA7FFC97FA64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFC1BE146CA3FA3DFE76FD45.text	0928878AFFC1BE146CA3FA3DFE76FD45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus acus Goseco, Ferris & Ferris 1974	<div><p>Basirotyleptus acus Goseco, Ferris &amp; Ferris, 1974</p><p>Fig. 5, Table 5</p><p>Basirotyleptus acus Goseco et al., 1974: 12, 14.</p><p>Basirotyleptus pini – Furstenberg 1980: 153–155.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDIA – Kerala State • 11 ♀♀; Palakkad district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.53817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.063778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.53817/lat 11.063778)">Silent Valley National Park</a>; 11º03′49.6″ N, 76º32′17.4″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 26 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of forest trees (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus acus /1–4 . – Tamil Nadu State • 7 ♀♀; Nilgiris district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.52336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.543167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.52336/lat 11.543167)">Mudumalai National Park</a>; 11º32′35.4″ N, 76º31′24.1″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 14 Nov. 2016; soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus acus /5–8 .</p><p>.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5–2.0 µm at midbody and 2.0–2.5 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, striated, loose, its outline irregular, with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 28–35% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; 1–3 in neck region; 1–2 from pharyngeal base to vulva and 3–8 post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by constriction, 2.0–2.3 times as wide as high or about one-third to two-fifths of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated; inner part slightly elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct but not interfering with labial contour. Amphids duplex, stirrup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle very slender, solid, thin needle-like, sometimes slightly dorsally bent, 1.2–1.6 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, about 1.0–1.1 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.2–1.4 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender and slightly muscular anterior part, expanding gradually into a short pear-shaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 14– 18% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 51–60% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to conoid, about one-fifth to one-fourth of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 42–89 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 44–63 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by weak sphincter. Uterus short and slender tube without any specialization, measuring 17–30 μm.Anterior genital branch usually absent or reduced to a very small sac, about one-fifth to one-third midbody diameter long. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending slight posteriorly, 8.5–11.5 μm or about two-fifths to one-half (40–52%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.5–7.5 × 4.0–6.0 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 3.5–4.5 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.5–3.8 and rectum 0.9–1.3 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to conoid, 0.6–0.8 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side, a distinct terminal pore also present.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Goseco et al. (1974) described this species from the Indiana. The morphometrics of present populations conform well with the type population except in having a slightly longer odontostyle (10.0–11.5 vs 8 µm), slightly shorter odontophore (11–13 vs 14.4 µm); shorter pharyngeal bulb (15–20 vs 22 µm); longer vagina (8.5–11.5 vs 13 µm) and presence of anterior uterine sac in some specimens (vs anterior uterine sac absent). This species is reported here for the first time from India.</p><p>During the present study, two populations representing eighteen specimens were collected from the Western Ghats, India. Although in some specimens of the present populations a very small anterior uterine sac was present, other morphometric values completely overlapped to with those in B. acus, and therefore these specimens are considered as B. acus .</p><p>Furstenberg (1980) redescribed B. pini Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1965 based on two populations comprising twenty eight females from Australia and mentioned that Australian specimens correspond well with type population of B. pini except for the absence of anterior uterine sac in some specimens. Some doubt exists on the correct identity of the Australian population as it shows some morphological differences i.e., differently shaped odontostyle (odontostyle very slender, thin needle-like vs slender, simple needle-like); differently shaped lip region (lip region low, flat, offset by slight constriction vs lip region comparatively higher, angular, offset by deep constriction), labial papillae not interfering with labial contour (vs labial papillae interfering with labial contour, forming a liplets-like structure), and absence of anterior uterine sac in some specimens (vs anterior uterine present in every specimen). The morphometrics of Furstenberg (1980) population is quite comparable to B. acus except in the presence of anterior uterine sac in some specimens (vs absent in the type population). With the addition of present populations, which have specimens both with or without sac, B. pini apud Furstenberg, 1980 is considered here as B. acus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFC1BE146CA3FA3DFE76FD45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFDDBE106F14FD5CFEAEFC5F.text	0928878AFFDDBE106F14FD5CFEAEFC5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus minutus Khan 1987	<div><p>Basirotyleptus minutus Khan, 1987</p><p>Figs 6–7, Table 6</p><p>Basirotyleptus minutus Khan, 1987: 177–179 .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>INDIA – Karnataka State • 2 ♀♀; Kodagu district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.530556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.391417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.530556/lat 12.391417)">Bhagamandala</a>; 12º23′29.1″ N, 75º31′50.0″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 8 Nov. 2016; soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs and forest trees (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus minutus /1 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5 µm at midbody and 2.0–2.5 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, finely striated, loose, with radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 26–30% of midbody diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by constriction, 2.3 times as wide as high or about one-third of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated, slightly angular; inner part slightly elevated. Amphids duplex, cup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needlelike, 1.4 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, with basal flanges, about 1.3–1.4 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.3 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short pyriform bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 18% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 52–55% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to hemispheroid, about one-fourth of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 43–59 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 55–84 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by distinct sphincter. Uterus a short tube with wide lumen, measuring 27–30 μm. Anterior genital branch reduced to a very small sac, about one-fifth midbody diameter long. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 10.0–10.5 μm or about one-half (50–55%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 6.5 × 4.5–5.0 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 4.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 3.1–3.2 and rectum 0.9–1.0 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to conoid, 0.8 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Khan (1987) described Basirotyleptus minutus from Tamil Nadu, India. The morphometrics of present specimens conform well with the type population except in having differently shaped amphids (duplex, cup-shaped vs simple, stirrup-shaped) and slightly longer pharyngeal bulb (19–20 vs 16 µm). In original description of B. minutus, the size of odontostyle (10–14 µm) and odontophore (8.0–10.0 µm) does not correspond with the figure (Khan 1987: fig. 2b, e). The figure depicts the odonotostyle as shorter than the odontophore which is generally true with other Basirotyleptus species. There might be error in his measurements. In our present specimens the length of odontostyle (10 µm) is shorter than odontophore (13–14 µm) with a combined length of 23–24 µm, which overlaps with type population (18–24 µm). However, in the other characters the present population agrees well with the type population.</p><p>In the presence of flanged odontophore, this species closely resembles Basirotyleptus nindei Siddiqi, 1970 except in having slightly differently shaped lip region (lips slightly angular and labial papillae not distinct vs lips more angular and labial papillae distinct); differently shaped amphids (duplex, cupshaped vs simple, stirrup-shaped) and comparatively shorter tail (10.0 vs 11.0–13.5 µm, c’ = 0.8 vs 1.0–1.2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFDDBE106F14FD5CFEAEFC5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFD9BE1B6F6CFC32FE95F861.text	0928878AFFD9BE1B6F6CFC32FE95F861.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus conicaudatus Islam & Ahmad 2022	<div><p>Basirotyleptus conicaudatus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 25B540AE-3BF1-43F8-865C-7342E11514F8</p><p>Figs 8–9, Table 7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Basirotyleptus conicaudatus sp. nov. is characterized by having robust body, 0.42–0.44 mm long; lip region cap-like, offset by deep constriction, lips rounded, inner part elevated; odontostyle 9.5–10.0 μm long, odontophore 11.0–12.0 μm long and total stylet length 21.0–22.0 μm; pharynx with a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short pear-shaped basal bulb, occupying about 14–15% of total neck length; female genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch a small sac, measuring 15–20 µm or 0.7–0.9 times midbody diameter long; tail convex-conoid with acute terminus, 1.2–1.3 times anal body diameter long; male with 20 µm long spicules, 5.0 µm long lateral guiding pieces and a single ventromedian supplement.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named Basirotyleptus conicaudatus sp. nov. because of its conoid tail.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype INDIA • ♀; Kerala State; Thrissur district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.441&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.301001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.441/lat 10.301001)">Chalakudy</a>; 10º18′03.6″ N, 76º26′27.6″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 27 Oct. 2017; roots of shrubs (unidentified); slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus conicaudatus /1.</p><p>Paratypes INDIA • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus conicaudatus /2 .</p><p>Type habitat and locality</p><p>Soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs (unidentified) from Chalakudy, Thrissur, Kerala State.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, curved ventrad upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5 µm at midbody and 2.0 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, smooth to finely transversaly striated; inner layer thick, loose, finely striated, radial refractive elements distinct. Lateral chords occupying about 28–30% of midbody diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region caplike, offset by constriction, 2.0–2.1 times as wide as high or about two-fifths of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated, inner part slightly elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct but not interfering with labial contour. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture about three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle short, slender, solid, needle-like, 1.1–1.2 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, with basal flanges, about 1.2 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 0.9–1.0 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short, pear-shaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 14–15% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 53–56% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to conoid, about one-fifth of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 49–50 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 53–60 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by distinct sphincter. Uterus short and wide tubular, measuring 15–17 μm. Anterior genital branch reduced to small sac, 0.7–0.9 times midbody diameter. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 9.0–9.5 μm or about one-half (45–48%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.5–6.0 × 4.0–4.5 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 3.0–3.5 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.8–3.2 and rectum 1.2 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, convex-conoid with acute terminus, 1.2–1.3 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>General morphology similar to that of female except for posterior region being more ventrally curved. Genital system diorchic, testes opposed, sperm cell spindle-shaped. In addition to adcloacal pair at 6.5 µm from cloacal aperture, there is single ventromedian supplement located beyond the range of spicules, 25 μm from adcloacal pair. Spicules typically dorylaimoid, curved ventrad, slender, five times as long as wide and 1.4 times as long as cloacal body diameter, dorsal contour regularly convex, ventral contour bearing a moderately developed hump and hollow, curvature 135º, head occupying 22% of total spicules length, median pieces about ten times as long as wide or occupying 37% of the spicules maximum width, reaching the spicules tip, posterior end 2.5 μm wide. Lateral guiding pieces distinct, rod-like, about 5.0 times as long as wide or about one-fourth of the spicules length. Prerectum 3.5 and rectum 1.5 times cloacal body diameter long. Tail short, convex-conoid with acute terminus, 1.2 times cloacal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the presence of a flanged odontophore and short anterior uterine sac, the new species comes close to B. syncheilus Siddiqi, 1995; B. siremps Siddiqi, 1995; B. nindei Siddiqi, 1970 and B. minutus Khan, 1987 but differs from B. syncheilus in having lip region offset by constriction (vs lip region continuous); lips elevated (vs lips not elevated, flat); shorter pharyngeal bulb (14–15 vs 19 µm); differently shaped tail (tail convex-conoid with acute terminus vs convex-rounded with hemispheroid terminus); lower c (25–27 vs 34–53) and slightly higher c’ (1.2–1.3 vs 0.9–1.1) ratios; longer spicules (20 vs 15–16 µm) and presence of ventromedian supplements (vs absent).</p><p>From B. siremps, the new species differs in having slightly longer body (L = 0.42–0.44 vs 0.30–0.39 mm); longer total stylet (21–22 vs 15.5–17.5 µm, odontostyle 9.5–10.0 vs 7.5–8.5 µm; odontophore 11.5– 12.0 vs 8.0–9.0 µm); comparatively posterior vulva position (V = 55–58 vs 47–53); lower c (25–27 vs 27–43) ratio; differently shaped tail (tail convex-conoid with acute terminus vs tail with rounded to hemispherical terminus); longer spicules (20 vs 12.5 µm) and presence ventromedian supplements (vs absent).</p><p>From B. nindei, the new species differs in having wider lip region (8.0–8.5 vs 6.0–7.0 µm); posterior vulva position (V = 55–58 vs 39–45); presence of longer anterior uterine sac (15–20 vs anterior uterine sac usually absent, rarely present, 4.5–6.0 µm); differently shaped tail (tail conoid with acute terminus vs bluntly rounded to conoid terminus) and presence of male (vs male absent).</p><p>From B. minutus, the new species differs in having wider lip region (8.0–8.5 vs 5.0–7.0 µm); amphids simple, stirrup-shaped (vs duplex, stirrup-shape); posterior vulva position (V = 55–58 vs 32–42); differently shaped tail (tail conoid with acute terminus vs rounded to conoid terminus) and presence of male (vs absent).</p><p>The new species also comes close to B. discinus Siddiqi, 1995 and B. diminutus Siddiqi, 1995 but differs from the former in having robust body (a = 21–22 vs 28); absence of labial disc (vs labial disc present); odontophore with distinct basal flanges (vs odontophore with poorly developed basal flanges); posterior vulva position (V = 55–58 vs 51) and lower c (25–27 vs 35) ratio.</p><p>From B. diminutus, the new species differs in having slightly longer and slender body (L = 0.42–0.44 vs 0.29–0.36 mm, a = 21–22 vs 17–20); longer total stylet (21–22 vs 16.0–18.5 µm) and odontostyle (9.5–10 vs 7.5–8.5 µm), odontophore with well developed basal flanges (vs poorly developed flanges); posterior vulva position (V = 55–58 vs 37–42); presence of anterior uterine sac (vs absent) and differently shaped tail (conoid with acute terminus vs hemispherical to rounded).</p><p>In the presence of a conoid tail the new species comes close to B. caudatus Jairajpuri, 1966; B. lieberi Goseco et al., 1974 and B. westralis Siddiqi, 1970, but differs from B. caudatus in having odontophore with basal flanges (vs odontophore without flanges); posterior vulva position (V = 55–58 vs 40–48); presence of anterior uterine sac (vs anterior uterine sac absent) and presence of male (vs male absent).</p><p>From B. lieberi, the new species differs in having shorter body (L = 0.42–0.44 vs 0.67–0.90 mm); female genital system mono-opisthodelphic (vs mono-prodelphic) and smaller spicules (20 vs 24–28 µm).</p><p>From B. westralis, the new species differs in having shorter body (L = 0.42–0.44 vs 0.55–0.75 mm); female genital system mono-opisthodelphic (vs amphidelphic) and smaller spicules (20 vs 22– 25 µm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFD9BE1B6F6CFC32FE95F861	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFD3BE266F1FFEFEFE2FFA27.text	0928878AFFD3BE266F1FFEFEFE2FFA27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus constrictus Islam & Ahmad 2022	<div><p>Basirotyleptus constrictus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D3AB632D-0286-4577-9A83-78E61A57225E</p><p>Figs 10–11, Table 8</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Basirotyleptus constrictus sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.38–0.49 mm long body; lip region caplike, offset by constriction; lips rounded, inner part elevated, forming a perioral disc; odontostyle 9.5– 10 μm long, odontophore 14–15 μm long, total stylet length 23.5–25.0 μm; pharynx slender with slightly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short pear-shaped basal bulb separated by constriction, occupying about 15–17% of total neck length; female genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch absent or rarely a very small sac, 4.0–6.0 µm or one-fourth to one-third midbody diameter long, tail short, with conoid to bluntly rounded terminus, 1.1–1.4 times anal body diameter long.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named Basirotyleptus constrictus sp. nov. because of its pharyngeal bulb separated by constriction.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype INDIA • ♀; Karnataka State, Kodagu district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.530556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.391417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.530556/lat 12.391417)">Bhagamandala</a>; 12º23′29.1″ N, 75º31′50.0″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 8 Nov. 2017; roots of shrubs and forest trees (unidentified); slide reference number AMU/ZD/ NC/ Basirotyleptus constrictus /1.</p><p>Paratypes INDIA • 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus constrictus /2–5 .</p><p>Type habitat and locality</p><p>Soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs and forest trees (unidentified) from Bhagamandala, Kodagu, Karnataka State.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5–2.0 µm at midbody and 2.0–2.5 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, finely striated, loose, its outline irregular, with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 25–30% of midbody diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by constriction, 1.8–2.1 times as wide as high or about two-fifths to one-half of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated; inner part elevated, forming a perioral disc-like structure. Labial and cephalic papillae clear but not interfering with labial contour. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needle-like, 1.2–1.3 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple with basal flanges, about 1.4–1.6 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.0–1.2 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender and slightly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short, pear-shaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 15–17% of total neck length, two parts separated by constriction. Nerve ring at 56–60% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia short, rounded to conoid, about one-fifth to one-third of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 51–71 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 29–54 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a poorly developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by weak sphincter. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 21–27 μm. Anterior genital branch absent or sometimes reduced to small sac (n = 3), 4.0–6.0 µm or about one-fifth to one-third midbody diameter long. Sperm cell absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 8.5–10.0 μm or about two-fifths to one-half (43–53%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.0–7.0 × 3.0–4.0 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae long, 3.0–4.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.2–3.7 and rectum 0.9–1.3 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, conoid with bluntly rounded terminus, 1.1–1.4 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the presence of a distinct labial disc, the new species comes close to B. discinus Siddiqi, 1995; B. ethiopicus Siddiqi, 1970 and B. nemoralis Siddiqi, 1970 but differs from B. discinus in having longer odontophore (14–15 vs 9.5–10 µm), with distinct basal flanges (vs odontophore with poorly developed basal flanges); longer total stylet length (23.5–25 vs 18.5–19.5 µm); pharyngeal bulb separated by constriction (vs without constriction); anterior genital branch either absent or rarely present but very short (about 0.2–0.3 vs one anal body diameter long), lower c (24–30 vs 35) ratio and absence of male (vs present).</p><p>From B. ethiopicus, the new species differs in having its odontophore with distinct basal flanges (vs odontophore without flanges); pharyngeal bulb separated by constriction (vs without constriction); posterior vulva position(V =51–56 vs 38–48) and in the size and shape of tail (tail conoid vs comparatively short, rounded to hemispheroid, c = 24–30 vs 46–77, c’ = 1.1–1.4 vs 0.50–0.80).</p><p>From B. nemoralis, the new species differs in having odontophore with distinct basal flanges (vs odontophore without flanges), pharyngeal bulb separated by constriction (vs without constriction); posterior vulva position (V = 51–56 vs 43–50) and longer tail (15–18 vs 11.0 µm, c = 24–30 vs 45–58, c’ = 1.1–1.4 vs 1.0).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFD3BE266F1FFEFEFE2FFA27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFEFBE216F09F9FAFCEFFA9F.text	0928878AFFEFBE216F09F9FAFCEFFA9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus goaensis Islam & Ahmad 2022	<div><p>Basirotyleptus goaensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E0A280BC-CE80-43F7-8637-BDE34EC5017F</p><p>Figs 12–13, Table 9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Basirotyleptus goaensis sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.73–0.87 mm long body; lip region cap-like, offset by deep constriction; lips rounded, slightly angular, separated, inner part elevated; odontostyle 13.0–14.5 μm long, odontophore 15.0–17.5 μm long, total stylet length 28.5–31.0 μm; pharynx with a slender anterior part, expanding gradually into a short pyriform basal bulb, occupying about 16–18% of total neck length; female genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch reduced to a simple sac, 24.5–46.0 µm or 1.0–1.6 times midbody diameter long, tail short, rounded to conoid, 0.7–0.8 times anal body diameter long.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named Basirotyleptus goaensis sp. nov. because of its type locality Goa.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype INDIA • ♀; Goa State, South Goa district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.018196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.150971" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.018196/lat 15.150971)">Madgaon</a>; 15º09′03.5″ N, 74º01′05.5″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 19 April. 2016; roots of shrubs (unidentified); slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus goaensis /1.</p><p>Paratypes INDIA • 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus goaensis /2–6 .</p><p>Type habitat and locality</p><p>Soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs and forest trees (unidentified) from Madgaon, Goa State.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 2.0–2.5 µm at midbody and 2.5–3.0 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, finely striated, with distinct rows of punctations; inner layer thick, finely striated, loose, its outline irregular, with distinct radial refractive elements but more so towards posterior region. Lateral chords occupying about 24–32% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; 1–3 in neck region; 2–3 from pharyngeal base to vulva; 3–7 in post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by deep constriction, 2.0–2.2 times as wide as high or about onethird of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, slightly angular, separated, inner part elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct and slightly raised above the labial contour. Amphids large, duplex, cup-shaped, their aperture about three-fifths to two-thirds as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needlelike, 1.5–1.6 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, about 1.1–1.2 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.2–1.3 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding gradually into a short pyriform bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 16–18% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 56–60% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to conoid, about one-seventh to one-fifth of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 73–167 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 73–132 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by distinct sphincter. Uterus short and wide tubular, measuring 36–52 μm. Anterior genital branch reduced to a simple sac, about 1.0–1.6 times midbody diameter long. Sperm cells present throughout the genital tract. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 12–14 μm or about one-half (46–51%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 8.5–9.5 × 5.5–7.5 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae long, 4.0–5.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 3.0–4.1 and rectum 0.8–1.1 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded to conoid, 0.7–0.8 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the presence of a comparatively long body, simple odontophore and presence of long anterior uterine sac, the new species comes close to B. upicus Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri 1979; B. rotundicaudatus (Khan, 1987); B. basiri Jairajpuri, 1964 and B. pini Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1965 but differs from B. upicus in the presence of distinct punctations on cuticle (vs punctations absent); lip region with differently shaped amphid (duplex, cup-shaped vs simple, cup-shaped); guiding ring slightly more posterior (1.2–1.3 times vs one lip region diameter from anterior end); longer total stylet and odontophore (stylet 28.5–31.0 vs 25–27 µm, odontophore 15.0–17.5 vs 11–13 µm); longer pharyngeal bulb (22.5–26.0 vs 20–22 µm or 16–18 vs 15–16% of total neck length); slightly anterior vulva position (V = 36–39 vs 39–42); longer prerectum (52–73 vs 45–50 µm or 3.0–4.1 vs 2.5–2.7 times anal body diameter); shorter tail (12–15 vs 17–20 µm, c = 51–62 vs 41–48) and absence of male (vs present).</p><p>From B. rotundicaudatus, the new species differs in having differently shaped amphids (duplex, cupshaped vs simple, cup-shaped), absence of hypodermal glands (vs present); pharyngeal expansion gradual (vs abrupt) and longer pharyngeal bulb (22.5–26.0 vs 19 µm); absence of flanges at base of odontophore (vs small flanges present); shorter anterior uterine sac (24.5–46.0 vs 65 µm); higher c (51–62 vs 42–47) ratio and absence of male (vs male present).</p><p>From B. basiri, the new species differs in having longer body (L = 0.73–0.87 vs 0.45–0.71 mm), presence of punctations on cuticle (vs punctations absent); lip region offset by deep constriction (vs slight constriction); differently shaped amphid (duplex, cup-shaped vs simple, stirrup-shaped); wider lip region (8.5–10.0 vs 8.0–8.5 µm); longer total stylet length and odontophore (28.5–31.0 vs 22.0– 24.5 µm, 15.0–17.5 vs 11.5–13 µm); longer pharyngeal bulb (22.5–26.5 vs 16.5–20.5 µm) and absence of male (vs present).</p><p>From B. pini, the new species differs in having a longer body (L = 0.73–0.87 vs 0.49–0.62 mm), presence of punctations on cuticle (vs punctations absent); longer odontostyle (13.0–14.5 vs 11.0–12.5 µm); longer pharyngeal bulb (22.5–26.5 vs 17–20.5 µm); longer anterior uterine sac (24.5–46 vs 8.0–18 µm or 1.0–1.6 times vs less than one midbody diameter long).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFEFBE216F09F9FAFCEFFA9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFE8BE2C6F10FA72FAFEF9B2.text	0928878AFFE8BE2C6F10FA72FAFEF9B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus neocaudatus Islam & Ahmad 2022	<div><p>Basirotyleptus neocaudatus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E9DD76EF-C8B7-450B-B019-F77513AE8C42</p><p>Figs 14–15, Table 10</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Basirotyleptus neocaudatus sp. nov. is characterized by having 0.31–0.44 mm long body; lip region cap-like, offset by constriction; lips rounded, inner part slightly elevated; odontostyle 7.5–9.5 μm long, odontophore 10–13 μm long, total stylet length 18–22 μm; pharynx a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short pyriform basal bulb, occupying about 14–19% of total neck length; female genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch absent or rarely a very small sac, 3.0– 5.0 µm or less one-third midbody diameter long, tail with convex-conoid to digitate acute terminus, 1.1–1.7 times anal body diameter long; male with 20.5 µm long spicules, 5.5 µm long lateral guiding pieces and two ventromedian supplements.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named Basirotyleptus neocaudatus sp. nov. because of its tail close to B. caudatus .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype INDIA • ♀; Kerala State, Kasaragad district, Ranipuram National Park; 12.4º26′18.3″ N, 75.3º58′94.4″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 7 Nov. 2016; soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified); slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus neocaudatus /1.</p><p>Paratypes INDIA • 5 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus neocaudatus /2–4 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>INDIA – Kerala State • 14 ♀♀; Palakkad district, Mukkali Forest; 11°03′40.7″ N, 76°32.7′23.8″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 26 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus neocaudatus /5–9 • 16 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.728&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.728/lat 9.823)">Idukki district</a>, Muttam; 9°49′22.8″ N, 76°43′40.8″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 30 Oct. 2017; soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified); slides reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus neocaudatus /10–15.</p><p>Type habitat and locality</p><p>Soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified) from Ranipuram National Park, Kasaragad district, Kerala State.</p><p>Other habitat and localities</p><p>Soil samples collected from around the roots of grasses (unidentified) from Mukkali forest, Palakkad district and from Muttam, Idukki district, Kerala State.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Small sized nematodes, slightly curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0–1.5 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5–2.0 µm at midbody and 2.0–2.5 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, its outline loose, irregular, distinctly striated, with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 25–35% of midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct; one at odontostyle-odontophore region; 1–2 in neck region; 2–3 at neck to vulval region and 3–9 at post-vulval region. Dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by constriction, 2.0–2.3 times as wide as high or about two-fifths of the body diameter at neck base. Lips slightly angular, separated, inner part slightly elevated. Labial and cephalic papillae distinct but not interfering with labial contour. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture about one-half to three-fifths as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle slender, solid, needle-like, 1.0–1.4 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, slightly swollen at base surrounded by pharyngeal tissue, 1.2–1.5 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.1–1.4 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding abruptly into a short pearshaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 14–19% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 49–64% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to conoid, about one-sixth to one-third of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 33–69 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 27–52 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by weak sphincter. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 13–25 μm. Anterior genital branch completely absent or rarely reduced to a very small sac, less than one-third midbody diameter long. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 9.0–12.0 μm or about one-half to three-fifths (50–61%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 5.5–8.0 × 3.5–5.5 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis vaginae 3.0– 4.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.2–4.7 and rectum 0.9–1.5 times anal body diameter long. Tail convex-conoid to digitate with acute terminus, 1.1–1.7 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>General morphology similar to that of female except for posterior region being more ventrally curved. Genital system diorchic, testes opposed, sperm cell spindle-shaped. In addition to adcloacal pair at 7 µm from cloacal aperture, there are two irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements, first one located beyond the range of spicules, 19 μm from adcloacal pair and second 15 µm from first. Spicules typically dorylaimoid, curved ventrad, slightly robust, 5.3 times as long as wide and 1.2 times as long as cloacal body diameter, dorsal contour regularly convex, ventral contour bearing a moderately developed hump and hollow, curvature 129º, head occupying 13% of total spicules length, median pieces 12 times as long as wide or occupying 35% of the spicules maximum width, reaching the spicules tip, posterior end 2 μm wide. Lateral guiding pieces distinct, rod-like, about 5.5 times as long as wide or about one-fourth of the spicules length. Prerectum 3.7 and rectum 1.4 times cloacal body diameter long. Tail convex-conoid with acute terminus, about one cloacal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the presence of a short body and conoid tail with acute terminus, the new species comes close to B. caudatus Jairajpuri, 1966 and B. conicaudatus sp. nov. but, differs from the former in the absence of liplets (vs present); differently shaped amphids (stirrup-shaped vs cup-shaped); shorter odontostyle (7.5–9.5 vs 12 µm); odontophore longer than odontostyle (vs odontophore shorter than odontostyle, about one-half as long as odontostyle length) and presence of male (vs male absent).</p><p>From B. conicaudatus sp. nov., the new species differs in having a simple odontophore, without basal flanges (vs with distinct basal flanged); absence of anterior uterine sac (vs anterior uterine sac present); anterior vulva position (V = 41–48 vs 55–58) and more ventromedian supplements (2 vs 1).</p><p>In the presence of a conoid tail, the new species also comes close to B. lieberi Goseco et al., 1974 and B. westralis Siddiqi, 1970 but differs from the former in having shorter body (L = 0.31–0.44 vs 0.67–0.90 mm); female genital system mono-opisthodelphic (vs mono-prodelphic) and smaller spicules (20.5 vs 24–28 µm).</p><p>From B. westralis, the new species differs in having shorter body (L = 0.31–0.44 vs 0.55–0.75 mm); female genital system mono-opisthodelphic (vs amphidelphic) and smaller spicules (20.5 vs 22–25µm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFE8BE2C6F10FA72FAFEF9B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFE5BE376F31F96FFCE0FBAE.text	0928878AFFE5BE376F31F96FFCE0FBAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus siddiqii Islam & Ahmad 2022	<div><p>Basirotyleptus siddiqii sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EA6FF0DE-F046-4879-B5C1-A0DC37394D25</p><p>Figs 16–17, Table 11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Basirotyleptus siddiqii sp. nov. is characterized by having robust body, 0.36 mm long; lip region caplike, low, flat, offset by depression; lips rounded, inner part slightly elevated; odontostyle 7.5–8.0 μm long, odontophore 10.0–10.5 μm long, total stylet length 17.5–18.5 μm; pharynx slender with slightly muscular anterior part, expanding gradually into a short pear-shaped basal bulb, occupying about 15–</p><p>16% of total neck length; female genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch reduced to small sac, 4.0–6.0 µm or one-fourth to one-third midbody diameter long, tail short, bluntly rounded, 0.9 times anal body diameter long.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is named after late Dr Mohammad Rafiq Siddiqi in recognition of his contribution to nematode taxonomy.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype INDIA • ♀; Tamil Nadu State, Nilgiris hill district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.543526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.477166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.543526/lat 11.477166)">Naduvattum</a>; 11º28′37.8″ N, 76º32′36.7″ E; 5–15 cm depth; 15 Nov. 2016; roots of shrubs (unidentified); slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus siddiqii /1.</p><p>Paratype INDIA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; slide reference number AMU/ZD/NC/ Basirotyleptus siddiqii /2 .</p><p>Type habitat and locality</p><p>Soil samples collected from around the roots of shrubs (unidentified) from Naduvattum, Nilgiris Hill, Tamil Nadu State.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Very small size, robust nematodes, curved ventrad or open C-shaped upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities but more so towards the anterior end. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0 µm thick at anterior region, 1.5 µm at midbody and 2.0 μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, with fine transverse striations; inner layer thick, finely striated, loose, with radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 22–24% of midbody diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, low, flat, offset by depression, 2.5 times as wide as high or about two-fifths of the body diameter at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated, inner part slightly elevated. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture about two-thirds as wide as lip region diameter. Stoma a long, slender truncate cone, slightly sclerotized in the perioral region. Odontostyle short, slender, solid, needle-like, 1.0–1.1 times the lip region diameter long. Odontophore simple, sclerotized, with basal flanges, about 1.3 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 1.0–1.1 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender anterior part, expanding gradually into a short pearshaped basal bulb, with a perceptible thickening at the posterior part of its inner lining, occupying about 15–16% of total neck length. Nerve ring at 52–53% of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded to conoid, about one-fourth of the corresponding body diameter long.</p><p>Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 42–53 μm; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 36–42 μm, consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed pars dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by distinct sphincter. Uterus short and wide tubular, measuring 17–18 μm. Anterior genital branch reduced to a small sac, 4.0–6.0 μm or one-fourth to one third of midbody diameter. Sperms absent. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 9.5 μm or about one-half (53%) of midbody diameter; pars proximalis vaginae 6.0– 6.5 × 4.0–4.5 μm, encircled by circular muscles; pars distalis 3.5–4.0 μm with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 6.0–6.8 and rectum 1.2–1.4 times anal body diameter long. Tail short, conoid, 0.8–0.9 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pores on each side.</p><p>Male</p><p>Not found.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In its small body size and flanged odontophore, the new species comes close to B. siremps Siddiqi, 1995; B. syncheilus Siddiqi, 1995 and B. minutus Siddiqi, 1995 but it differs from B. siremps in having low, flat lip region, offset by depression (vs lip region high, conoid, offset by constriction); cuticle finely striated (vs cuticle distinctly striated); slightly longer odontophore (10.0–10.5 vs 8.0–9.0 µm); slightly posterior vulva position (V = 54–56 vs 47–53); in the shape and size of tail (conoid vs subcylindrical to a hemispherical terminus; c’ = 0.9 vs 1.2–1.7) and absence of male (vs male present).</p><p>From B. syncheilus, the new species differs in having lip region low, wider, offset by depression (vs lip region narrow, 5.0 µm, continuous with body); lips slightly raised (vs lips not raised); shorter odontostyle (7.5–8.0 vs 9.0–1.0); shorter pharyngeal bulb (15–16 vs 19 µm); shorter anterior uterine sac (4.0–6.0 µm or 0.2–0.3 vs 18 µm or about one midbody diameter) and absence of male (vs male present).</p><p>From B. minutus, the new species differs in having slightly short and slender body (L = 0.36 vs 0.38– 0.51 mm; a = 20–21 vs 23–39); amphids simple (vs duplex); shorter total stylet (17.5–18.5 vs 23–24 µm, odontostyle 7.5–8.0 vs 10 µm, odontophore 10.0–10.5 vs 13–14 µm), posterior vulva position (V = 54–56 vs 32–42) and presence of anterior uterine sac (vs absent).</p><p>The new species also comes close to B. diminutus Siddiqi, 1995 but differs in having differently shaped lip region (lip region flat, low, offset by depression vs lip region conoid, high, offset by constriction); odontophore with distinctly basal flanges (vs poorly basal flanges), posterior vulva position (V = 54–56 vs 37–42) and presence of anterior uterine sac (vs absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFE5BE376F31F96FFCE0FBAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
0928878AFFFEBE356DEFFB6BFAFFF960.text	0928878AFFFEBE356DEFFB6BFAFFF960.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri 1964	<div><p>Key to species of the genus Basirotyleptus (modified after Goseco et al. 1974)</p><p>1. Female genital system amphidelphic ................................................................................................ 2</p><p>– Female genital system monodelphic ................................................................................................. 3</p><p>2. Tail bluntly conoid; c = 23–29, c’ = 1.4–1.7 .............................................. B. westralis Siddiqi, 1970</p><p>– Tail hemispheroid; c = 43–57, c’ = 1.0 ....................................................... B. rugosus Siddiqi, 1982</p><p>3. Female genital system mono-prodelphic .......................................................................................... 4</p><p>– Female genital system mono-opisthodelphic .................................................................................... 6</p><p>4. Body length more than 0.6 mm; spicules longer, 24–28 µm ............... B. lieberi Goseco et al., 1970</p><p>– Body length less than 0.6 mm; spicules shorter, 15–21 µm ............................................................. 5</p><p>5. Odontophore with basal flanges; post-uterine sac long, 1.8–3.5 times midbody diameter long; tail comparatively long, conoid, 18–28 µm ................................................. B. heynsi Furstenberg, 1980</p><p>– Odontophore without basal flanges; post-uterine sac short, 1.2 times midbody diameter long; tail short, conoid, 15 µm ...................................................................... B. eximius Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1964</p><p>6. Labial disc present ............................................................................................................................ 7</p><p>– Labial disc absent ........................................................................................................................... 17</p><p>7. Odontophore with basal flanges ...................................................................... B. constrictus sp. nov.</p><p>– Odontophore without basal flanges .................................................................................................. 8</p><p>8. Anterior uterine sac absent ..................................................................... B. ethiopicus Siddiqi, 1970</p><p>– Anterior uterine sac present .............................................................................................................. 9</p><p>9. Anterior uterine sac &lt;15 µm or less than one midbody diameter long .......................................... 10</p><p>– Anterior uterine sac&gt; 15 µm or more than one midbody diameter long ....................................... 12</p><p>10. Body 0.41–0.57 mm long; b = 3.8–4.2 ..................................................... B. nemoralis Siddiqi, 1970</p><p>– Body more than 6.0 mm long; b = 4.3–5.8 ......................................................................................11</p><p>11. c = 74–100; prerectum 48 µm or about 3.0 times anal body diameter ............................................... .................................................................................................... B. coronatus Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1965</p><p>– c = &lt;69; prerectum 73–104 µm or 4.0–5.4 times anal body diameter ............................................... ................................................................................................ B. indicus Dhanam &amp; Jairajpuri, 1999</p><p>12. V =&gt; 50 .......................................................................................................................................... 13</p><p>– V = &lt;50 .......................................................................................................................................... 14</p><p>13. Body longer, L = 0.68–0.77 mm; a = 39–42; c = 80–90 ............................... B. curvus Siddiqi, 1982</p><p>– Body shorter, L = 0.45 mm; a = 28; c = 35 ................................................. B. discinus Siddiqi, 1995</p><p>14. Body less than 0.6 mm .................................................................................................................... 15</p><p>– Body more than 0.6 mm ................................................................................................................. 16</p><p>15. Pharynx short, 90 µm, b = 4.7–6.0; V = 36–43; c = 42–44 ....... B. modestus Hussain &amp; Khan, 1968</p><p>– Pharynx long, 110–124 µm, b = 3.8–4.9; V = 42–47; c = 47–67 ................... B. safiae Siddiqi, 1997</p><p>16. Odontostyle 6.0 µm, odonotophore 10.5–11 µm; spicules 24 µm ............. B. barbarae Siddiqi, 1997</p><p>– Odontostyle 7.5–8.5 µm, odonotophore 12–15 µm; spicules 29–32 µm .... B. robustus Siddiqi, 1982</p><p>17. Odontophore flanged ...................................................................................................................... 18</p><p>– Odontophore simple, with sclerotized or slightly swollen base, not flanged ................................. 25</p><p>18. V = 47–58 ....................................................................................................................................... 19</p><p>– V = up to 47 .................................................................................................................................... 23</p><p>19. Body 0.50–0.58 mm long; posterior uterine sac 2.0–2.8 times midbody diameter long .................... ............................................................................................................... B. longisaccus Siddiqi, 1995</p><p>– Body 0.30–0.51 mm long; posterior uterine sac about as long as midbody diameter long ............ 20</p><p>20. Tail short, with rounded to hemispheroid terminus; c = 30–44 ...................................................... 21</p><p>– Tail short, conoid with acute terminus; c &lt;28 ............................................ B. conicuadatus sp. nov.</p><p>21. Odontostyle 9.0–10 µm; neck length 110–119 µm ................................ B. syncheillus Siddiqi, 1995</p><p>– Odontostyle 7.5–8.5 µm; neck length 95–106 µm ......................................................................... 22</p><p>22. Lip region flat; V = 54–56; c’ = 0.9 ...................................................................... B. siddiqii sp. nov.</p><p>– Lip region elevated; V = 47–53; c’ = 1.2–1.7 .............................................. B. siremps Siddiqi, 1995</p><p>23. Lips separated, angular; c’ = 1.0–1.2 ............................................................. B. nindei Siddiqi, 1970</p><p>– Lips amalgamated, slightly elevated; c’ = 0.6–0.9 ......................................................................... 24</p><p>24. Longer body, L = 0.38–0.48 mm; amphids duplex; odontostyle 10–14 µm ....................................... ........................................................................................................................ B. minutus Khan, 1987</p><p>– Shorter body, L = 0.29–0.36 mm; amphids simple; odontostyle 7.5–8.5 µm ..................................... ................................................................................................................. B. deminutus Siddiqi, 1995</p><p>25. Anterior uterine sac absent ............................................................................................................. 26</p><p>– Anterior uterine sac present ............................................................................................................ 29</p><p>26. Tail conoid to digitate, with acute terminus; c’ = 1.1–1.7 .............................................................. 27</p><p>– Tail rounded to hemispheroid; c’ = &lt;1.0 ........................................................................................ 28</p><p>27. Liplets distinct; amphids cup-shaped; odontophore about one-half of odontostyle length ................ ................................................................................................................ B. caudatus Jairajpuri, 1966</p><p>– Liplets absent; amphids stirrup-shaped; odontophore about 1.2–1.5 times odontostyle length ......... ....................................................................................................................... B. neocaudatus sp. nov.</p><p>28. V = 31–41; tail rounded, with terminal caudal pore ............................... B. acus Goseco et al., 1974</p><p>– V = 47–48; tail conoid, without terminal caudal pore ......... B. soueastus Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1979</p><p>29. Vulva posterior, V =&gt; 50 ................................................ B. penetrans (Thorne, 1964) Siddiqi, 1969</p><p>– Vulva anterior, V = &lt;44 ................................................................................................................. 30</p><p>30. Body long, 0.68–0.98 mm; pharyngeal bulb 20–26 µm ................................................................. 31</p><p>– Body short, 0.45–0.68 mm; pharyngeal bulb 14–20 µm ................................................................ 33</p><p>31. Cuticle without punctations; amphids stirrup-shaped ............... B. upicus Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1979</p><p>– Cuticle bearing punctations; amphids cup-shaped ......................................................................... 32</p><p>32. Amphids duplex, cup-shaped; anterior uterine sac 24.5–46 µm; males absent .................................. ............................................................................................................................. B. goaensis sp. nov.</p><p>– Amphids simple, cup-shaped, anterior uterine sac 65 µm; males present .......................................... .............................................................................. B. rotundicaudatus (Khan, 1987) Andrássy, 2009</p><p>33. Anterior uterine sac more than one midbody diameter long .......................................................... 34</p><p>– Anterior uterine sac less than one midbody diameter long ............................................................. 35</p><p>34. Odontostyle 10–14 µm; tail 11–16 µm ....................................................... B. basiri Jairajpuri, 1964</p><p>– Odontostyle 6.0–7.0 µm; tail 8.0–10 µm ......................................... B. minimus Jana &amp; Baqri, 1981</p><p>35. Lip region distinctly offset; odontostyle, 11–15 µm ............................ B. pini Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1965</p><p>– Lip region distinctly not offset; odontostyle, 4.6 µm ......... B. striatus (Thorne, 1964) Siddiqi, 1969</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0928878AFFFEBE356DEFFB6BFAFFF960	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Islam, Md Niraul;Ahmad, Wasim	Islam, Md Niraul, Ahmad, Wasim (2022): Description of five new and six known species of the genus Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Tylencholaimoidea) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Taxonomy 791 (1): 1-57, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.791.1645, URL: http://zoobank.org/2aedeba5-69c9-4630-b4be-c109b6b0d270
