identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
080E878B1C63771CFF144C4C2B947E83.text	080E878B1C63771CFF144C4C2B947E83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895	<div><p>Genus Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895</p><p>Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895, p. 776.</p><p>Graphidostreptus: Attems 1909, p. 414; 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus: Attems 1926 a, 1928; Schubart 1951; Hoffman 1965, 1971, 1979, 1996, 2008; Krabbe &amp; Enghoff 1978; Krabbe 1979, 1982; Hamer 1998, 1999; Golovatch &amp; Hoffman 2000; Mwabvu 2005, 2006; Mwabvu et al. 2007</p><p>Type species: Spirostreptus gigas Peters 1855, p. 75–79</p><p>Diagnosis: Proplicae tongue-shaped; lateral metaplical process tapering distally; apical metaplical process long, finger-like and apically rounded or acute; antetorsal processes with laciniate edges distally.</p><p>Description: Large spirostreptid millipedes; body length 130–270 mm; antenna length 10–12 mm; maximum body width 7–19 mm.</p><p>Body rings 54–71.</p><p>Body black or brown; legs and antennae of same colour.</p><p>Prebasilar plate of gnathochilarium not reduced to separate sclerites.</p><p>Collum sometimes with anterior lobe, with 2–5 complete striae and 0–6 incomplete striae.</p><p>Proplicae tongue-shaped, setose and rounded apically, with central depression flanked by raised edges; proplica about 2/3 of gonopod length; lateral and medial edges of proplicae approximately parallel in most species (Figs 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a).</p><p>Proximal metaplicae without lobes or projections (Figs 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 10b).</p><p>Lateral metaplical process without abrupt narrowing, proximally broad and tapering distally. Lateral metaplical process horizontal or slanting towards the apical metaplical process or paracoxite (Figs 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a).</p><p>Apical metaplical process long, finger-like and apically rounded (Figs 1a, 2a, 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a) or acute (Figs 3a, 10a).</p><p>Telopodite spiralling distal to telopodite knee, antetorsal process with laciniate edges or spikes distally (Figs 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a); telopodite with three small lobes at extremity.</p><p>Distribution: South, East, Central and West Africa; Middle East.</p><p>Remarks: The telopodite, the shape and size of the proplicae, the shapes of the lateral and apical metaplical processes, and the orientation of the lateral and apical metaplical processes of the gonopod distinguish Archispirostreptus from all other genera of Spirostreptini.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C63771CFF144C4C2B947E83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C64771BFF144FE929C57C1D.text	080E878B1C64771BFF144FE929C57C1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus beccarii Silvestri 1895	<div><p>Archispirostreptus beccarii Silvestri 1895</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Archispirostreptus Beccarii Silvestri 1895, p. 490, fig. 8. Graphidostreptus beccarii: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus beccarii: Hoffman 1965; Krabbe1982</p><p>Type material: Syntypes: ABYSSINIA: 33, 5 Ƥ, Cheren (probably Keren) [15 0 42'N, 38 0 24'E], 1870, O. Beccari (MSNG uncatalogued)</p><p>Diagnosis: Apex of proplica conical; apical metaplical process wider at level of lateral metaplical process; lateral metaplical process wider and horizontal proximally, abruptly tapering distally (Figs 1a, 1b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 90–145 mm; maximum body width 9–12 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 54–56.</p><p>Colour: Like ash or brown.</p><p>Collum: Antero-lateral corners produced into small lobes, with 2–3 complete striae and 0–2 incomplete striae (Fig. 1d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally broad and round, with laterally diverging and tapering distal medial extension (Fig. 1c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 1a, 1b) Sternum triangular; paracoxite conical.</p><p>Proplicae wider proximally, conical apically and overlapping lateral metaplical process proximally.</p><p>Opposite metaplicae separated at level of paracoxite apex. Metaplicae narrow distally, widest apart at level of lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process wider proximally, horizontal and at right angle to apical metaplical process.</p><p>Apical metaplical processes wider apart distally. Medial edge of apical metaplical process convex distally.</p><p>Telopodite with an incomplete loop distally. Origin of antetorsal processes at telopodite knee.Apex of antetorsal process extending past apex of paracoxite.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Cheren, Abyssinia (Ethiopia).</p><p>Remarks: Although the gonopod is similar to that of bottegi, the gonopods of the two species differ in the shapes of the proplica apex, lateral metaplical processes and apical metaplical processes, and the number of telopodite spirals (Figs 1a, 2a).</p><p>The gonopod of A. beccarii is also similar to that of A. dodsoni in the shapes of the proplicae and apical metaplical processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C64771BFF144FE929C57C1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C647716FF144AFE295D7BA0.text	080E878B1C647716FF144AFE295D7BA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus bottegi Silvestri 1895	<div><p>Archispirostreptus bottegi Silvestri 1895</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Archispirostreptus Bottegi Silvestri 1895, p. 489, fig. 7. Graphidostreptus bottegi: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus bottegi: Hoffman 1965; Krabbe 1982</p><p>Type material: Syntypes: ETHIOPIA: 13, 1Ƥ, Ogaden.Archeisa (Harra-es-saghir), 12.x.1892, V. Bottego (MSNG uncatalogued)</p><p>Diagnosis: Apex of proplica rounded; apical metaplical process wider apically, thumb-like; post-knee telopodite with two coils (Figs 2a, 2b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 120–130 mm; maximum body width 10–12 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 54–56.</p><p>Colour: Black.</p><p>Collum: Antero-lateral corners not produced into lobes, square shaped, with 2 complete striae (Fig. 2d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Triangular; proximally broad, with tapering distal extension (Fig. 2c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 2a, 2b) Sternum triangular; paracoxite conical.</p><p>Proplica width same along length; apex of proplica finger-like and overlapping proximal lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Opposite metaplicae separate at level of paracoxite apex.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process horizontal, tapering distally and at right angle to apical metaplical process.</p><p>Apical metaplical processes thumb-shaped and parallel and about 2/3 length of lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Telopodite with two post-knee spirals, distal spiral at level of paracoxite.</p><p>Origin of antetorsal process at knee; apex of antetorsal process extending past apex of paracoxite, with long spikes.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from Ogaden, Ethiopia.</p><p>Remarks: The gonopods of A. bottegi and A. beccarii are distinguished by the apical shapes of the proplicae and apical metaplical processes, and the number of spirals of the telopodite. Archispirostreptus bottegi has a telopodite with two spirals and long spikes on the antetorsal process (see remarks under A. beccarii).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C647716FF144AFE295D7BA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C697716FF144D93295A7E92.text	080E878B1C697716FF144D93295A7E92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus divergens Krabbe & Enghoff 1978	<div><p>Archispirostreptus divergens Krabbe &amp; Enghoff 1978</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Archispirostreptus divergens Krabbe &amp; Enghoff 1978, p. 247–249, figs 1–5. Archispirostreptus divergens: Krabbe 1982</p><p>Type material: Holotype: KENYA: 13, Lake Baringo Lodge c 100 km from Nairobi [0 0 59'N, 36 0 03'E], 21- 22.vii.1977, H. Gonget (ZMUC uncatalogued). Paratype: KENYA: 13, same data as holotype (ZMH A89/78)</p><p>Diagnosis: Medially diverging and overlapping apical metaplical processes (Figs 3a, 3b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 130–150 mm; maximum body width 12–14 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 56–62.</p><p>Colour: Body black; legs and antennae red-brown.</p><p>Collum: Antero-lateral corners not produced into lobes, with 2–3 complete striae and 0–2 incomplete striae (Fig. 3d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally broad and parallel, with laterally diverging and tapering distal extension (Fig. 3c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 3a, 3b) Sternum wide proximally, dome-shaped apically; paracoxite rounded and not fused tightly to metaplica.</p><p>Proplicae with shallow central groove. Apex of proplica acute, overlapping lateral metaplical process proximally and with a spinous medial lobe.</p><p>Metaplicae wide proximally; opposite metaplicae wider apart at level of lateral metaplical process; oral fold of metaplica overlapping proximal lateral metaplical process and apical proplica. Medial edge of oral metaplica raised sharply at level of lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process slightly tilted anteriad, ending in distal spine. Lateral metaplical process proximally narrow, widens abruptly before tapering distally. Lateral metaplical process and apical metaplical process at obtuse angle.</p><p>Apical metaplical processes strongly diverging and overlapping medially leaving a proximal window (Fig. 3a).</p><p>Antetorsal process of the telopodite extends distally past the paracoxite apex.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from Lake Baringo, Kenya.</p><p>Remarks: The overlapping apical metaplical processes of the gonopods are unique to A. divergens . Other species of Archispirostreptus, except A. phillipsii, have erect and almost finger-like apical metaplical processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C697716FF144D93295A7E92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C6C7713FF144FE92CB97C57.text	080E878B1C6C7713FF144FE92CB97C57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus dodsoni Pocock 1899	<div><p>Archispirostreptus dodsoni Pocock 1899</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Archispirostreptus dodsoni Pocock 1899, p. 405. Graphidostreptus dodsoni: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus dodsoni: Hoffman 1965; Krabbe 1982</p><p>Type material: Holotype: SOMALIA: 1 3, Sheikh Husein, Arusha, Galla Country, 3.x.1894, Dr A. Donaldson Smith (BMNH 1897.11.10.87).</p><p>Additional material examined: SOMALIA: 1 3, 1 Ƥ, West of Shebali River, 1899, Dr Donaldson-Smith (BMNH 1897.11.10.88).</p><p>Diagnosis: Distal lateral metaplical process gently slanting towards paracoxite; proximal lateral metaplical process and proximal apical metaplical process at obtuse angle (Fig. 4a).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 220–270 mm; maximum body width 18–19 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 69–71.</p><p>Colour: Dark brown.</p><p>Collum: Square shaped without anterior lobe, with 3–5 complete striae and 2–3 incomplete striae.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally broad with long tapering apical extension (Fig. 4c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 4a, 4b) Sternum rounded apically; paracoxite apex horizontal.</p><p>Proplica width approximately constant along length; apical proplica overlapping part of proximal lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Metaplicae wide proximally, surface smooth.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process wide proximally, horizontal and acute apically, without abrupt change in width.</p><p>Apical metaplical process narrowly rounded apically. Proximal apical metaplical process and lateral metaplical process at obtuse angle (Fig. 4b).</p><p>Apex of antetorsal processes reaching paracoxite.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Ethiopia (Krabbe 1982) and Somalia.</p><p>Remarks: The shapes of the lateral metaplical processes and the apical proplicae of the gonopod of A. dodsoni closely resemble A. beccarii, however, the two species differ in body size. The prefemoral lobes of the first pair of male legs are similar to those of A. smithii, however, the gonopods of the two species differ in the orientation of the lateral metaplical processes. Proximally, the lateral metaplical processes of the gonopod of A. smithii are horizontal; the distal halves are tapering and deflected towards the apical metaplical process. In A. dodsoni the lateral metaplical process is horizontal and tapering without bending distally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C6C7713FF144FE92CB97C57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C6C770EFF144AD52A597870.text	080E878B1C6C770EFF144AD52A597870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus gigas (Peters 1855) Peters 1855	<div><p>Archispirostreptus gigas (Peters 1855)</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Spirostreptus gigas Peters 1855, p. 536, figs 1–2.</p><p>Archispirostreptus gigas: Silvestri 1895; Schubart 1951; Hoffman 1965; Krabbe &amp; Enghoff 1978; Krabbe 1982; Hamer 1998, 1999</p><p>Graphidostreptus gigas: Attems 1914; Attems 1928</p><p>Further synonymy in Krabbe (1982)</p><p>Type material (not examined): MOZAMBIQUE: 1 3, Tete.The location of the type material is unknown.</p><p>Additional material examined: KENYA: 1 3, 2 Ƥ, Tsavo, Taita Discovery Center [03° 25' S, 38° 46'E], 6.xii.2000, Van den Spiegel D. (MRAC 20254); 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Ngaia Forest [0° 24' N, 38° 02'E], 3.xii.2002, Van den Spiegel D. (MRAC 20764).</p><p>Diagnosis: Lateral metaplical process short and broad with a short terminal spine; lateral metaplical process at acute angle with apical metaplical process; lateral and medial edges of apical metaplical process convex proximally; lateral metaplical process darker proximally than distally; apical metaplical process darker laterally and proximally than medially or distally (Figs 5a, 5b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 178–260 mm; maximum body width 15–19 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 62–70.</p><p>Colour: Black.</p><p>Collum: Rounded without anterior lobe (Fig. 5c), with 2–3 complete striae and an incomplete stria.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally wide with laterally deflected apical extension (Fig. 5c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 5a, 5b) Sternum broad, short and apically rounded; apex of sternum not reaching level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite rounded and fused tightly to metaplica.</p><p>Proximal proplica with raised lateral and medial edges; apically proplicae rounded, overlapping lateral metaplical process proximally and with an apical medial lobe.</p><p>Proximal medial edges of oral fold of metaplicae raised.</p><p>Proximal half of opposite telocoxites touching medially, further apart distal to lateral metaplical process (Figs 5a, 5b).</p><p>Lateral metaplical processes short and broad, crescent-shaped and tapering distally, and may have a small terminal spine. Lateral metaplical process at acute angle with apical metaplical process.</p><p>Lateral and medial edges of apical metaplical process convex proximally; apical metaplical process broad and opaque proximally.</p><p>Aborally, medial edge of metaplicae raised (Fig. 5b).</p><p>Apex of antetorsal process extends past paracoxite apex.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Mozambique, South Africa, Zanzibar, Somalia, Tanzania (Krabbe 1982) and Kenya.</p><p>Remarks: The opposite telocoxites of the gonopods in A. gigas are separated at the level of the lateral metaplical processes as in A. phillipsii, A. lugubris, A. syriacus, A. tumuliporus, A. smithii and A. dodsoni . The convex shapes of the lateral and medial edges of the apical metaplical process of the gonopod are unique to A. gigas .</p><p>Considering where A. gigas has been collected and the distance between the localities, the currently known distribution may be a collecting artifact. The known distribution suggests that it is more widespread along the east coast of Africa than further inland.</p><p>The type is missing from the ZMH collection where it was said to be housed (Krabbe 1982); this was confirmed by museum curators.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C6C770EFF144AD52A597870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C71770EFF144EE32BEA7E0F.text	080E878B1C71770EFF144EE32BEA7E0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus lugubris (Brölemann 1901) Brolemann 1901	<div><p>Archispirostreptus lugubris (Brölemann 1901)</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Spirostreptus lugubris Brölemann 1901, p. 31–34, figs 8–11. Graphidostreptus lugubris: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus lugubris: Schubart 1951; Hoffman 1965; Krabbe 1982</p><p>Type material: Holotype: ETHIOPIA: 1 3, Sabarguma Allata, 15.iii.1900, P. Magretti (MNHN 1B 106).</p><p>Additional material examined: NIGER: 1 3, Monts Baguezane, Irrabellaben, 26.viii.1947, L. Chopard &amp; A. Villiers (MNHN 1B 108) (gonopods missing). SENEGAL: 2 3, Bambey [14 0 43'N, 16 0 14'W], (MRAC 20504); 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Gouloubou [13 0 27'N, 13 0 43'W], 2.i.1979, D. Thys (MNHN 1B 224).</p><p>Diagnosis: Sternite apex flat; oral fold of metaplicae abruptly narrow at level of telopodite knee (Fig. 6a). Lateral metaplical process slanting gently towards paracoxite (Fig. 6a)</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 102–155 mm; maximum body width 8–13 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 55–64.</p><p>Colour: Body black or dark brown; legs and antennae brown.</p><p>Collum: Anterior produced into lobe, with 2–3 complete striae and 1–2 incomplete striae.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Basally round with short tapering apical extension.</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 6a, 6b) Sternum broad proximally, apex flat; paracoxite triangular.</p><p>Width of proplicae constant.</p><p>Metaplicae wide proximally; opposite metaplicae wider apart distal to sternite apex; oral fold of metaplicae narrow at level of telopodite knee.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process slanting towards paracoxite and broadly joined to metaplica. Lateral metaplical process at obtuse angle with apical metaplical process (Figs 6a, 6b).</p><p>Distally apical metaplical process convex medially and rounded apically.</p><p>Origin of antetorsal processes at telopodite knee.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia (Krabbe 1982), Niger, Senegal and Ethiopia (Fig. 15).</p><p>Remarks: Abrupt narrowing of the oral fold of the metaplicae has only been observed in the gonopods of lugubris . The telopodite is similar to those of A. dodsoni, A. tumuliporus, A. gigas, A. divergens and A. smithii; and the lateral metaplical process resembles that of A. beccarii, A. tumuliporus, A. syriacus and A. dodsoni more than A. gigas, A. divergens or A. phillipsii . We have also established that some material of A. lugubris (MNHN 1B 224) from Senegal, housed in MNHN had been incorrectly identified as A. tumuliporus .</p><p>Two subspecies— Graphidostreptus lugubris maior Attems 1914, p. 157, figs 155–156 and Graphidostreptus lugubris villiersi Schubart 1951, p. 119–124, figs 1–5—from southern Sahara desert have been described. Archispirostreptus lugubris villiersi (Schubart 1951) is a smaller variation of the type. Furthermore, the apical metaplical process of the gonopod is shorter and the lateral metaplical process is longer, with a pointed apex, than in A. lugubris maior and the other subspecies A. lugubris lugubris . Based on gonopod morphology these subspecies represent recognizable forms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C71770EFF144EE32BEA7E0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C74770BFF144FE929737F35.text	080E878B1C74770BFF144FE929737F35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus phillipsii Pocock 1896	<div><p>Archispirostreptus phillipsii Pocock 1896</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Archispirostreptus phillipsii Pocock 1896, p. 187, fig. 5. Graphidostreptus phillipsii: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus phillipsii: Hoffman 1965; Krabbe 1982 A. Cecchii Silvestri 1897, p. 303–304, fig. 1. Syn. n.</p><p>Type material: Holotype: SOMALIA: 1 3, 1895, (BMNH 1895.6.1).</p><p>Diagnosis: Apical metaplical process deflected laterally onto lateral metaplical process. Lateral metaplical process short (as long as metaplica width) and sandwiched between the apical metaplical process and apex of proplica (Figs 7a, 7b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 170–210 mm; maximum body width 14 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 62–65.</p><p>Colour: Black.</p><p>Collum: Rounded without anterior lobe, with 3 complete striae.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Long and parallel, with short apical nipple (Fig. 7c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 7a, 7b) Sternum short, wide proximally and flat apically; paracoxite rounded apically.</p><p>Proplicae of constant width; rounded apically.</p><p>Oral fold of metaplicae wide proximally; opposite metaplicae separate at level of apex of paracoxite. Aboral depression present on metaplicae proximal to lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process short, as long as apical metaplica width, with a short distal spine. Lateral metaplical process sandwiched between apical metaplical process and apex of proplica.</p><p>Apical metaplical process strongly deflected laterally onto lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Origin of antetorsal processes distal to telopodite knee. Antetorsal processes with short spikes proximal to a terminal spine (Fig. 7a).</p><p>Distribution: Goolis Mountains, Somalia (Krabbe 1982).</p><p>Remarks: The laterally deflected apical metaplical processes of the gonopod, a short lateral metaplical process and the wide medial separation of the coxites at the level of the paracoxite apex characterize the gonopod of A. phillipsii . Archispirostreptus phillipsii is the only species in the genus where the lateral metaplical processes of the gonopod do not extend beyond the lateral margins of the proplicae or metaplicae. The origin of the antetorsal process is distal to the telopodite knee.</p><p>The location of the type of A. Cecchii is unknown. Therefore, comparisons to A. phillipsii were based on description of and gonopod drawing of A. Cecchii from Silvestri 1897. Based on the gonopod drawing, Cecchii resembles phillipsii in that the apical metaplical processes are deflected onto the lateral metaplical processes and the antetorsal process has a distal spine. Both taxa were collected from Somalia. Although the published drawing and description of A. Cecchii lack detail they are sufficient to support conspecificity with A. phillipsii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C74770BFF144FE929737F35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C747707FF14492629BE7ED4.text	080E878B1C747707FF14492629BE7ED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus smithii Pocock 1899	<div><p>Archispirostreptus smithii Pocock 1899</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Archispirostreptus smithii Pocock 1899, p. 406. Graphidostreptus smithii: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus smithii: Hoffman 1965; Krabbe 1982</p><p>Type material: Holotype: SOMALIA: 1 3, (BMNH 1897.11.10.89).</p><p>Additional material examined: SOMALIA: 1 Ƥ, (BMNH 1897.11.10.90). Diagnosis: Lateral metaplical process broad and horizontal proximally, distal half bent and tapering towards apical metaplical process (Figs 8a, 8b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 3 145–170 mm, Ƥ 220 mm; maximum body width 14–18 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 59–63.</p><p>Colour: Body black or brown.</p><p>Collum: Produced into anterior lobe, with 2 complete striae. Upper-most stria prominent.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Triangular with long tapering extension (Fig. 8c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 8a, 8b) Apex of sternum broadly rounded, apex not reaching level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite rounded apically and fused tightly to metaplica.</p><p>Metaplicae wide apart at level of telopodite spiral.</p><p>Proplica width constant; proplica apex overlapping lateral metaplical process proximally.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process broad and horizontal proximally, long and tapering distally. Distal half of lateral metaplical process deflected towards apical metaplical process. Apical metaplical process and proximal lateral metaplical process at right angle.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Ethiopia (Krabbe 1982) and Somalia.</p><p>Remarks: The apical metaplical process of the gonopod is similar to that of A. lugubris, A. bottegi and A. dodsoni, however, the orientation of the lateral metaplical process differs among these species. In A. smithii the lateral metaplical process gently bends distally towards the apical metaplical process. Although the position of the antetorsal spikes in relation to the apex is as in the gonopod of A. tumuliporus, the orientation of the terminal spike differs between the two species. In addition, the acute and tapering apical metaplical process of A. tumuliporus differs from the finger-like apical metaplical process of A. smithii and A. bottegi (see remarks on A. lugubris).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C747707FF14492629BE7ED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C797706FF144FE92BC77C00.text	080E878B1C797706FF144FE92BC77C00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus syriacus (Saussure 1859) Saussure 1859	<div><p>Archispirostreptus syriacus (Saussure 1859)</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Julus syriacus Saussure 1859, p. 329–330. [type locality: Palestine] Archispirostreptus tumuliporus judaicus (Attems 1926b), p. 225. [type locality: Syria] Archispirostreptus transmarinus Hoffman 1965, p. 18–23, figs 1–3. Syn. n. Archispirostreptus transmarinus: Krabbe &amp; Enghoff 1978; Krabbe 1982 Archispirostreptus syriacus: Shelley 2009</p><p>Type material of A. transmarinus: YEMEN: Sanaa, (ZMH 19, 1932).</p><p>Material examined: SAUDI ARABIA: 1 3, M. Adamson (MNHN 1B 111). JORDAN: 1 3, Ajlum, Djerash, 13.iii.1977, Kinzelbach &amp; coll (MNHN 1B 033).</p><p>Diagnosis: Apical metaplical process concave proximally, with an angular projection laterally; medial edge of apical metaplical process convex distally (Figs 9a, 9b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 125–140 mm; maximum body width 8–10 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 59–68.</p><p>Colour: Body dark grey or black; legs and antennae brown.</p><p>Collum: Rounded ventrally, with 3–4 complete striae and 0–2 incomplete striae.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally rounded with distal nipple.</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 9a, 9b) Sternum triangular, reaching level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite apex horizontal or broadly rounded and fused tightly to metaplica.</p><p>Width of proplicae constant along length; proplica apex covering lateral metaplical process proximally.</p><p>Width of metaplicae unchanged along length up to level of lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process long and tapering, proximal half wider.</p><p>Proximal apical metaplical process concave, with an angular projection laterally. Distal apical metaplical process convex medially.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Israel, Syria, Yemen, Jordan and Saudi Arabia.</p><p>Remarks: Archispirostreptus syriacus is the only species from the Middle East. The angular projection on the lateral edge of the apical metaplical process characterizes the gonopod of A. syriacus .</p><p>Besides having overlapping body size ranges, A. syriacus and transmarinus have similar gonopods, with a lateral angular projection on the apical metaplical process and a triangular sternite. Therefore, we propose synonymy of A. transmarinus with A. syriacus . Our conclusions are further supported by the relatively close proximity of the localities from where the material was recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C797706FF144FE92BC77C00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C797702FF144AFC2A3179CB.text	080E878B1C797702FF144AFC2A3179CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus tumuliporus (Karsch 1881) Karsch 1881	<div><p>Archispirostreptus tumuliporus (Karsch 1881)</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Spirostreptus tumuliporus Karsch 1881, p. 51–52.</p><p>Graphidostreptus tumuliporus: Attems 1914</p><p>Archispirostreptus tumuliporus: Schubart 1951; Hoffman 1965; Krabbe &amp; Enghoff 1978; Krabbe 1982; Mwabvu 2005</p><p>Type material: Holotype: SUDAN: 1 3, Scriba Ghattas, Djur (ZMB 645)</p><p>Additional material examined: CHAD: 2 3, Tikem Station IRCT [9 0 45'N, 15 0 00'E], xii.1958, Galichet (MNHN 1B 220). SENEGAL: 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Sine Saloum [13 0 55'N, 15 0 37'W], 4.ix.1970, M. Mühlenberg &amp; R. Streng (MNHN 1B 223). MALAWI: 1 3, (MNHN 1B 251); BENIN: 1 3, Dassa Zoumé [7 0 47'N, 2 0 08'E], 23.xi.1970, Ch. Gasc (MNHN 1B 222). UGANDA: 2 3, 1903, Bourg de Bozas (MNHN 1B 224). MALI: 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Toukoto (150 km E. de la Falémé), [14 0 35'N, 12 0 03'E], vii.1903, Kermorgant (MNHN 1B 225). CAMEROON: 1 3, Batouri [4 0 27'N, 14 0 24'E], 14.i.1993, Jean Dejax, (MNHN 1B 289). ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Muzarabani [16 0 23'S, 31 0 00'E], 1.xii.1998, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 20480); 1 3, Mapembe Mountains, Marange [18 0 57'S, 32 0 27'E], 13.xii.2007, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21941); 1 3, Chipfatsura School, Marange [18 0 57'S, 32 0 27'E], 20.xii.2005, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21943).</p><p>Diagnosis: Apical metaplical process wide and parallel proximally; distal half of apical metaplical process narrow, becoming acute (Figs 10a, 10b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 147–200 mm; maximum body width 12.5– 16 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 59–67.</p><p>Colour: Body dark brown or black; legs and antennae brown.</p><p>Collum: Laterally square or with a small anterior lobe, with 3–4 complete striae and 2–6 incomplete striae (Fig. 10d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Basally round, medial nipple deflected laterally (Fig. 10c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 10a, 10b) Sternum rounded apically; paracoxite narrowly rounded and fused tightly to metaplica.</p><p>Apical proplica rounded, overlapping lateral metaplical process proximally; medial lobe of apical proplica long and tapering.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process wide proximally, tapering distally; lateral metaplical process almost at right angle to apical metaplical process (Fig. 10a).</p><p>Apical metaplical process parallel proximally, distal halves wider apart and acute apically.</p><p>Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Sierra Leone (Krabbe 1982), Chad, Cameroon, Benin, Sudan, Mali, Uganda, Malawi and recently from northern and eastern Zimbabwe.</p><p>Remarks: There are significant variations in the form of the gonopods of material identified as A. tumuliporus from different parts of Africa. Some of the gonopods are morphologically distinct from the holotype in the shape of the apical and lateral metaplical processes. We have found in the collections some specimens of A. lugubris from Senegal which had been incorrectly identified as A. tumuliporus (see remarks on A. lugubris).</p><p>Gonopod variations in A. tumuliporus relate to the shape, size and orientation of the lateral and apical metaplical processes. The lateral metaplical processes of specimens from Cameroon are spined distally, specimens from Senegal have a slanting lateral metaplical process, which is at an obtuse angle with the apical metaplical process, and the paracoxites differ in shape and angle at which they are fused to the metaplicae compared with specimens from other localities. The gonopods of specimens from Chad have narrow fingerlike apical metaplical processes; distally the apical metaplical processes are similar to those of A. smithii, A. dodsoni and A. lugubris . Based on this evidence, we concluded that A. tumuliporus is a species complex and that several specimens of Archispirostreptus may have been incorrectly identified or assigned to A. tumuliporus because of the broad specific limits that were used.</p><p>One subspecies A. t. sudanicus (Brölemann 1905) (synonymized by Attems 1914, p. 159, fig. 164) from Senegal is recognized here as distinct, based on gonopod shape. The gonopod of the subspecies has a relatively narrow apical metaplical process, which is at an acute angle with a slanting lateral metaplical process. Another geographically distinct form from Chad, which has a very narrow and finger-like apical metaplical process, has been identified.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C797702FF144AFC2A3179CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C7E7701FF144FE92DC97D20.text	080E878B1C7E7701FF144FE92DC97D20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus	<div><p>Key to the species of Archispirostreptus, based on male gonopods</p><p>1. Apical metaplical process darker proximally than distally; apical metaplical process convex laterally, not finger-like ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Apical metaplical process not darker proximally than distally; apical metaplical process not convex laterally, finger- like................................................................................................................................................................................. 3</p><p>2. Lateral and medial edges of apical metaplical processes convex proximally (Fig. 5a); apical metaplical processes not deflected or overlapping medially .......................................................................................................................... gigas</p><p>- Lateral and medial edges of apical metaplical processes not convex proximally; apical metaplical processes deflected and overlapping medially (Fig. 3a, 3b) ............................................................................................ divergens</p><p>3. Apical metaplical processes deflected laterally (Figs 7a, 7b) ......................................................................... phillipsii</p><p>- Apical metaplical processes not deflected laterally......................................................................................................4</p><p>4. Lateral edges of apical metaplical process concave, with an angular projection (Figs 9a, 9b) ......................... syriacus</p><p>- Lateral edges of apical metaplical process not concave, without an angular projection .............................................. 5</p><p>5. Distal half of apical metaplical process acute, not rounded apically (Figs 10a, 10b) ................................. tumuliporus</p><p>- Distal half of apical metaplical process not acute, rounded apically............................................................................6</p><p>6. Distal half of lateral metaplical process deflected towards apical metaplical process (Figs 8a, 8b) .................. smithii</p><p>- Distal half of lateral metaplical process not deflected towards apical metaplical process ........................................... 7</p><p>7. Apex of sternum apex flat; metaplica narrow at level of paracoxite apex (Fig. 6a) .......................................... lugubris</p><p>- Apex of sternum not flat; metaplica not narrow at level of paracoxite apex................................................................8</p><p>8. Distal part of lateral metaplical process gently slanting towards paracoxite; proximal lateral metaplical process and proximal apical metaplical process at obtuse angle (Fig. 4a) ............................................................................ dodsoni</p><p>- Distal part of lateral metaplical process not slanting towards paracoxite; proximal lateral metaplical process and proximal apical metaplical process at right angle......................................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Apex of proplica and apical metaplical process not thumb-like; lateral metaplical process wider and horizontal prox- imally, abruptly tapering distally (Fig. 1) ......................................................................................................... beccarii</p><p>- Apex of proplica and apical metaplical process thumb-like; lateral metaplical process not horizontal proximally or abruptly tapering distally (Fig. 2a)....................................................................................................................... bottegi</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C7E7701FF144FE92DC97D20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C7E7700FF144B142CB07B45.text	080E878B1C7E7700FF144B142CB07B45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cacuminostreptus	<div><p>Genus Cacuminostreptus gen. n. Mwabvu</p><p>Type species: Cacuminostreptus mazowensis sp. n.</p><p>Etymology: Name derived from the Latin word cacumen (a point, summit, top, spine) in reference to the spinous antetorsal and lateral metaplical processes of the gonopods.</p><p>Diagnosis: Proplicae spathulate (subapically/apically wide); lateral metaplical processes with abrupt narrowing along the length, distally spinous; proximad lobe present on lateral metaplical process; apical metaplical processes short; and antetorsal processes with a distal spine (Figs 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b).</p><p>Description: Large spirostreptid millipedes, body length 130–215 mm; maximum body width 9–15 mm.</p><p>Body rings 54–67.</p><p>Body black; legs and antennae brown.</p><p>Prebasilar plate of gnathochilarium reduced, without median sclerite.</p><p>Collum black, sometimes with anterior lobe, with 2–6 complete striae and 1–7 incomplete striae.</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs proximally rounded with laterally deflected apical extension (Figs 11c, 12c, 13c, 14c).</p><p>Sternum triangular; paracoxite apex horizontal or broadly rounded.</p><p>Proplicae about 2/3 of gonopod length, spathulate and setose apically (Figs 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a); subapical central depression of proplica flanked by raised edges. Medial lobe present on proplica apex, concealed under oral fold of metaplica.</p><p>Aborally, medial edges of metaplicae raised.</p><p>Apical metaplical processes and lateral metaplical processes short.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process arrowhead-shaped with a spine distally (Figs 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, 11b, 12b, 13b, 14b). Lateral metaplical process may be tilted towards apical metaplical process or crescent-shaped distally.</p><p>Telopodite spirals after telopodite knee. Origin of antetorsal processes at telopodite knee. Antetorsal processes crescent-shaped, with a spine at extremity (Figs 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, 11b, 12b, 13b, 14b). Postfemur of telopodite with three branches at extremity.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Mozambique; eastern, south-eastern, western and northern Zimbabwe; Kruger National Park, South Africa.</p><p>Remarks: The genus includes Archispirostreptus conatus (Attems 1928) and three new species. Cacuminostreptus species are smaller than some species of Archispirostreptus . The gonopods of Cacuminostreptus species differ from Archispirostreptus species by having a shorter apical metaplical process, a lateral metaplical process with a constriction and arrowhead-shape, and an antetorsal process without spikes but terminating in a spine. In addition, the proplicae are wider subapically/apically. Unlike Archispirostreptus species which have been recorded from East, West and Central Africa, and the Middle East, Cacuminostreptus is known only from southern Africa. Based on Hoffman’s (2008) definition of the Spirostreptini, Cacuminostreptus also belongs to the tribe. A key to the genera of Spirostreptini is given below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C7E7700FF144B142CB07B45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C7F773DFF144DB929407870.text	080E878B1C7F773DFF144DB929407870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cacuminostreptus conatus (Attems 1928) Attems 1928	<div><p>Cacuminostreptus conatus (Attems 1928) comb. n.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Triaenostreptus conatus Attems 1928, p. 368–369, figs 531–533. Archispirostreptus conatus: Krabbe 1982; Hamer 1998, 1999; Mwabvu 2005 Spirostreptus conatus: Hoffman 2008</p><p>Type material: Syntype: PORTUGESE EAST AFRICA (MOZAMBIQUE): 1 3, Zandemela near Chai Chai [24 0 16'S, 33 0 56'E], (NHMW 2524) (also labelled SAM 6023).</p><p>Additional material examined: ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Mhlekwane School [2231A2], 17.xii.1996, F. Nyathi (NMZ/D844).</p><p>Diagnosis: Apical metaplical process with a narrow, longer and laterally deflected sausage-shaped oral fold of distal metaplica (Fig. 11a); aboral fold of apical metaplical process shorter and wider than oral fold; apex of apical metaplical process conical with raised base.</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 180 mm; maximum body width 15 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 54.</p><p>Colour: Black.</p><p>Collum: Laterally square, with 2–3 complete striae and 1–2 incomplete striae (Fig. 11d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally broad and parallel, apical extension long and deflected laterally (Fig. 11c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 11a, 11b) Apex of sternum almost reaching level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite apex flat, fused tightly to metaplica.</p><p>Proplicae wider and flat apically, and not overlapping lateral metaplical process. Small medial lobe on apical proplica extending distally, concealed under oral fold of metaplica.</p><p>Oral fold of apical metaplical process longer and sausage-shaped apically. Aboral fold of metaplica with a diagonal ridge; mesial depression extends distally.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process narrowly joined to metaplica, forming acute angle with apical metaplical process (Figs 11a, 11b). Lateral metaplical process triangular mid-length, sharply tapering distally.</p><p>Oral fold of apical metaplical process deflected laterally; aboral fold of apical metaplical process shorter and wider than oral fold (Fig. 11a).</p><p>Distribution: Known from Chimanimani and Mount Silinda, Zimbabwe; Mozambique, Kruger National Park, South Africa (Krabbe 1982) and Mhlekwane School in south-eastern Zimbabwe.</p><p>Remarks: The gonopod of C. conatus closely resembles the gonopods of the new species, C. vumbaensis, C. triangulatus and C. mazowensis, by having apically wide proplicae, an arrow-head shape of the distal lateral metaplical process and a crescent-shaped antetorsal process with a distal spine. However, C. conatus is distinguished from vumbaensis and mazowensis by a lateral metaplical process which is narrowly joined to the metaplica and slanting towards the apical metaplical process, a long and laterally deflected oral fold of the apical metaplical process, and the presence of an aboral ridge and depression on the metaplicae. In C. vumbaensis and C. mazowensis the lateral metaplical process is not deflected towards the apical metaplical process. The triangular shape of the apical metaplical process of the gonopod of C. triangulatus is unique in this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C7F773DFF144DB929407870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C42773DFF144EE32A847F8C.text	080E878B1C42773DFF144EE32A847F8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cacuminostreptus mazowensis	<div><p>Cacuminostreptus mazowensis sp. n. Mwabvu</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Type material: Holotype: ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Mazowe Dam [17 0 30'S, 30 0 58'E], 13.xii.08, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21945)</p><p>Paratypes: ZIMBABWE: 4 3, 9 Ƥ Mazowe Dam [17 0 30'S, 30 0 58'E], 13.xii.08, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21992)</p><p>Additional material examined: ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Mazowe Dam [17 0 30'S, 30 0 58'E], T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21970); 1 3, Mazowe Dam [17 0 30'S, 30 0 58'E], 19.xi.1997, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 20529); 1 3, Highlands Suburb, Harare [17 0 49'S, 31 0 02'E], xii.2007, M. Cummings (NMSA 21944).</p><p>Etymology: Refers to the type locality, Mazowe Dam, Zimbabwe.</p><p>Diagnosis: Lateral margin of metaplicae strongly convex. Apical metaplical process concave apically, with lateral and medial apices produced into short acute horns (Figs 12a, 12b).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 3 135–150, Ƥ 140–160 mm; maximum body width 10–15 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 59–65.</p><p>Colour: Body black; legs and antennae dark brown.</p><p>Collum: Produced into a narrow anterior lobe, with 4–6 complete striae and 2–7 incomplete striae (Fig. 12d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally wide, medial extension laterally deflected (Fig. 12c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 12a, 12b) Apex of sternum not reaching level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite not fused tightly to metaplica, apex flat.</p><p>Opposite telocoxites parallel, medial edges in contact (Figs 12a, 12b).</p><p>Apical proplica wide and rounded (Fig. 12a), with a triangular medial lobe, and overlaps lateral metaplical process proximally.</p><p>Metaplicae convex laterally, distally with a tapering mesial hump.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process short; broad proximally with constriction; arrowhead-shaped, crescent-shaped and tapering distally.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process and apical metaplical process at right or obtuse angle.</p><p>Apex of apical metaplical processes concave, with short horns (Figs 12a, 12b).</p><p>Antetorsal processes extend past paracoxite apex.</p><p>Distribution: Known from Harare and Mazowe Dam (20 km north of Harare), Zimbabwe.</p><p>Remarks: Although the gonopod of C. mazowensis closely resembles that of vumbaensis, the metaplicae are less convex and the apex of the apical metaplical process is flat in C. vumbaensis . In C. mazowensis the apex of the apical metaplical process is concave.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C42773DFF144EE32A847F8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C427738FF14486F2B7B7DFD.text	080E878B1C427738FF14486F2B7B7DFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cacuminostreptus triangulatus	<div><p>Cacuminostreptus triangulatus sp. n. Mwabvu</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Type material: Holotype: ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Sahwe River, Mavuradona [1631A3], 8.xi.1989, D. G. Broadley (NMZ/D568)</p><p>Etymology: Refers to the triangular shape of the apical metaplical process.</p><p>Diagnosis: Apical metaplical processes triangular, touching proximally and separate distally forming Vshape (Fig. 13a).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 140 mm; maximum body width 11 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 61.</p><p>Colour: Body dark brown; legs and antennae light brown.</p><p>Collum: Anterior produced into narrow lobe, with 3 complete striae (Fig. 13d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally oval with long laterally deflected mesial extension (Fig. 13c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 13a, 13b) Apex of sternum reaching level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite fused tightly to metaplica, apex flat.</p><p>Telocoxites touching and parallel up to level of apical metaplical process (Figs 13a, 13b).</p><p>Proplicae broadly rounded apically; central groove of proplica flanked by gently raised edges. Medial lobe of distal proplica short and rounded apically.</p><p>Opposite metaplicae separate at level of lateral metaplical process. Medial ridge of metaplicae extend from lateral metaplical process to apex of apical metaplical process.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process deflected anteriad, and extending beyond lateral margins of paracoxite; lateral metaplical process narrow proximally, widens and tapering distally. Proximad lobe produced from wider part of lateral metaplical process, lobe extending towards telopodite (Fig. 13a).</p><p>Lateral metaplical process and apical metaplical process at acute angle (Fig. 13a).</p><p>Apical metaplical process triangular, slightly deflected laterally and wider apart distally; apical metaplical process shaped like an inverted triangle (Fig. 13a). Medial edges of opposite apical metaplical processes form a V-shape distally.</p><p>Distribution: Known from a single locality at the Sahwe River in Mavuradonha Wilderness Area, in western Zimbabwe</p><p>Remarks: The triangular shape of the apical metaplical process of the gonopod distinguishes C. triangulatus from congeners. However, the shapes of the lateral metaplical process and antetorsal process do not show significant difference from those of C. conatus, C. mazowensis and C. vumbaensis . The medial edges of the opposite coxites of the gonopod of C. triangulatus seem to be fused up to the level of the lateral metaplical process as in the gonopods of C. mazowensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C427738FF14486F2B7B7DFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C477735FF144A5E2AA37ADD.text	080E878B1C477735FF144A5E2AA37ADD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cacuminostreptus vumbaensis	<div><p>Cacuminostreptus vumbaensis sp. n. Mwabvu</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Type material: Holotype: ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Chimanimani [19 0 47'S, 32 0 52'E], 1957, (NMZ/D602)</p><p>Additional material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: 1 3, Kruger National Park [22 0 08'S, 31 0 03'E], (NMSA 9273). ZIMBABWE: 1 3, Chimanimani [19 0 47'S, 32 0 52'E], 1957, (NMSA 7223); 1 3, Chimanimani [19 0 47'S, 32 0 52'E], 1963, (NMSA 8949); 1 3, Nyanga [18 0 12'S, 32 0 43'E],1998, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21937); 1 3, Chirinda Forest [20 0 40'S, 32 0 60'E], 1998, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 20507); 1 3, Eastern Highlands Tea Estates [18 0 12'S, 32 0 43'E], 2008, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 21937); 1 3, Mount Silinda [20 0 40'S, 32 0 60'E], 1955, (NMSA 6250). 1 3, Pungwe River, Honde Valley [18 0 14'S, 32 0 40'E], x.1998, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 20492); 1 3, Gweru [19 0 27'S, 29 0 49'E], 6.xii.2003, T. Mwabvu (NMSA 20494).</p><p>Etymology: The specific name refers to the Vumba Mountains (75 km north of Chimanimani) which are part of the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe, where vumbaensis is common.</p><p>Diagnosis: Apex of apical metaplical process flat; apical metaplical process convex laterally (Fig. 14a).</p><p>Description: Size: Body length 130–215 mm; maximum body width 7–15 mm.</p><p>Number of body rings: 58–67.</p><p>Colour: Body black; legs and antennae reddish brown or dark brown.</p><p>Collum: Broad with rounded anterior lobe, with 3–5 complete striae and an incomplete stria (Fig. 14d).</p><p>Pre-femoral process of 1st pair of male legs: Proximally wide and parallel, mesial apical extension nippleshaped and deflected laterally (Fig. 14c).</p><p>Gonopod: (Figs 14a, 14b) Apex of sternum not extending to level of paracoxite apex; paracoxite rounded apically (Figs 14a, 14b).</p><p>Apex of proplica wide; medial lobe of apical proplica long and extends distally. Subapical groove present on proplicae.</p><p>Metaplicae narrow proximally.</p><p>Lateral metaplical process narrow proximally leading to crescent-shaped arrowhead apex; distally tapering.</p><p>Proximal lobe of arrowhead short, extending towards telopodite (Figs 14a, 14b).</p><p>Oral fold of apical metaplical process overlaps proximal part of lateral metaplical process.</p><p>Distribution: Known from the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe; Kruger National Park, South Africa and western Mozambique.</p><p>Remarks: There are variations in the size of the gonopods and the orientation of the lateral metaplical process within and between populations. The gonopod of C. vumbaensis resembles closely that of C. mazowensis . The two species differ in the convexity of the lateral edges of the metaplicae, the shape of the apex of the apical metaplical process and the shape of the lateral metaplical process. The longer lateral metaplical process of C. vumbaensis closely resembles that of C. conatus and C. triangulatus than C. mazowensis .</p><p>C. vumbaensis has been recorded from a wide range of vegetation types and altitudes. In Zimbabwe the species is found in miombo woodland and montane vegetation at altitude greater than 1 000 m above sea level. Further south C. vumbaensis occurs in dry savanna at altitude below 500 m above sea level, in southern Zimbabwe and Kruger National Park, South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C477735FF144A5E2AA37ADD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C4A7735FF144B4B2DC07CA2.text	080E878B1C4A7735FF144B4B2DC07CA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cacuminostreptus	<div><p>Key to the species of Cacuminostreptus based on male gonopods</p><p>1. Apical metaplical process triangular (Fig. 13a) ............................................................................... triangulatus sp. n.</p><p>- Apical metaplical process not triangular ...................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Oral fold of apical metaplical process longer and narrower than aboral fold; distally oral fold deflected laterally (Fig. 11a) ...................................................................................................................................................................... conatus</p><p>- Oral fold of apical metaplical process not longer than aboral fold; distally oral fold not deflected laterally ............. 3</p><p>3. Lateral margins of metaplicae strongly convex; apex of apical metaplical process concave and straight laterally, with small lateral and medial horns apically (Figs 12a, 12b) ................................................................... mazowensis sp. n.</p><p>- Lateral margins of metaplicae not strongly convex; apex of apical metaplical process flat and convex laterally, with- out lateral and medial horns apically (Figs 14a, 14b) ....................................................................... vumbaensis sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C4A7735FF144B4B2DC07CA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C4A7735FF14495E2C937EC5.text	080E878B1C4A7735FF14495E2C937EC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirostreptus arabs Pocock 1895	<div><p>S. arabs Pocock 1895, p. 298–299.</p><p>This species was described from Hadramaut, Yemen. Although Krabbe (1982) listed this species under Archispirostreptus she doubted this placement. We concur that arabs should be assigned to a different genus, however, without the type material or new material any placement would be tentative. The type material is missing from the BMNH collection; this was confirmed by the curator, Janet Beccaloni. According to Hoffman (2008) the Spirostreptini are characterised by a bifid or trifid prostatic groove with each branch ending in a small process. Although the distal trifurcate ending of the telopodite in arabs is consistent with the Spirostreptini it is unclear from the drawing whether the prostatic groove also has three distal branches. The antetorsal process of the gonopods of arabs is very short and does not extend beyond the knee bend of the telopodite. The antetorsal process of arabs also lacks the distal spikes which characterise Archispirostreptus . In addition, the proximal half of the free telopodite is broad with a side spine and the prefemoral process of the first pair of male legs is rectangular without distal tapering as in Archispirostreptus species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C4A7735FF14495E2C937EC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
080E878B1C4B7734FF144FA129597850.text	080E878B1C4B7734FF144FA129597850.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Archispirostreptus sumptuosus Silvestri 1896	<div><p>A. sumptuosus Silvestri 1896 b, p. 60–61, fig. 3.</p><p>The species description was based on a female specimen from Somalia. The location of the type material is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/080E878B1C4B7734FF144FA129597850	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mwabvu, Tarombera;Hamer, Michelle;Slotow, Rob;Barraclough, David	Mwabvu, Tarombera, Hamer, Michelle, Slotow, Rob, Barraclough, David (2010): A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Archispirostreptus Silvestri 1895 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), and description of a new spirostreptid genus with three new species. Zootaxa 2567: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197288
