identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
08124C2AFFF5FF8EFE7FF95EFAA254A4.text	08124C2AFFF5FF8EFE7FF95EFAA254A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeromimus de Saussure & Zehntner 1902	<div><p>Genus Sphaeromimus de Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1902</p><p>For a recent revision, see Wesener et al. (2014).</p><p>Key to the species of Sphaeromimus:</p><p>1. Male harp on the anterior telopod with 3 stridulation ribs …………………………………………2</p><p>– Male harp on the anterior telopod with 4–6 stridulation ribs ………………………………………7</p><p>2. Body length &lt;20 mm. Mid-body legs without a coxal lobe. Endotergum with single row of marginal bristles. Immovable finger of posterior telopod slender, apically strongly curved like a hook. Colour pink or brown ………………………………………………………………………………………3</p><p>– Body length&gt; 20 mm. Mid-body legs at least with a weak coxal lobe. Endotergum usually with at least two, rarely only one ( S. titanus Wesener, 2014) row of marginal bristles. Immovable finger of posterior telopod at least basally wide. Colour black or brown …………4</p><p>3. Colour pink, surface shiny. Process of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopods in anterior view visible laterally. Littoral forest of Mandena and rainforest of Enato …………………………… …………………………………………………………… S. inexpectatus Wesener &amp; Sierwald, 2005</p><p>– Colour light brown, surface dull. Process of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopods in anterior view not visible. Littoral forest of Sainte Luce, fragment S8 ……………… S. saintelucei Wesener, 2014</p><p>4. Body length&gt; 30mm, light brown. Endotergum with single row of marginal bristles. Movable finger of posterior telopod straight (Fig. 2B). Lowland forest of Manombo …… S. titanus Wesener, 2014</p><p>– Body length 21–28 mm, black or dark brown. Endotergum with two rows of marginal bristles. Movable finger of posterior telopod curved ………………………………………………………5</p><p>5. Mid-body legs with strongly developed coxal process. Tergite surface shiny. Littoral forest of Sainte Luce, fragment S9 ………………………………………… S. splendidus Wesener &amp; Sierwald, 2005</p><p>– Mid-body legs with barely developed coxal process. Tergite surface dull …………………………6</p><p>6. Endotergum with strongly developed cuticular patterns. Movable finger of posterior telopod without small pits, carrying 20–22 crenulated teeth. Andohahela mountain chain, Manantantely, Malio and Isaka-Ivondro …………………………………………… S. andohahela Wesener, 2014</p><p>– Endotergum with weakly developed cuticular patterns. Movable finger of posterior telopod covered with small pits, carrying 23 or 24 crenulated teeth. Inside Grotte d’Andrahomana and in deep ravines N of Ankapaky …………………………………………………… S. andrahomana Wesener, 2014</p><p>7. Unique black pattern on orange-reddish basic colour. Harp with 5 ribs. Endotergum with three rows of marginal bristles. Widespread in the SW spiny forest …… S. musicus (Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897)</p><p>– Colour different, either uniformly black or brown. Rainforest species ……………………………8</p><p>8. Harp with 4 stridulation ribs. Endotergum with two rows of marginal bristles, not reaching tergite margin. Operculum well-rounded. Dark brown to black species. Lavasoa Mountain ……… …………………………………………………………………………… S. lavasoa Wesener, 2014</p><p>– Harp with 5 or 6 stridulation ribs. Endotergum with one to three rows of marginal bristles …9</p><p>9. Harp with 5 stridulation ribs (Fig. 5D). Movable finger of posterior telopod with one or two membranous lobes. Marginal bristles of endotergum protruding beyond tergite margin (Fig. 4B) …10</p><p>– Harp with 6 stridulation ribs (Fig.9D). Movable finger of posterior telopod with two membranous lobes (Fig. 9G) ……………………………………………………………………………………11</p><p>10. Operculum apically recessed. Medium-sized species. Movable finger of posterior telopod with single membranous lobe and 26 crenulated teeth. Eyes with&gt;60 ocelli. Rudimentary lateral palpi consisting of 3 sensilla. Vevembe-Vatovavy area … S. vatovavy Wesener, 2014</p><p>– Operculum well-rounded, typical for genus (Fig. 6A). Gigantic species (&gt; 50 mm). Movable finger of posterior telopod with two membranous lobes and 30 crenulated teeth (Fig.5H). Eyes with&gt;80 ocelli. Rudimentary lateral palpi consisting of 4 sensilla (Fig. 3C). Kalambatritra Rainforest ………………………………………………………………… S. kalambatritra sp. nov.</p><p>11. Small, black species, red legs. Endotergum with single sparse row of very short marginal bristles. Posterior telopod with four spines and 36 crenulated teeth. Ivohibe Mountain ………… …………………………………………………………………………… S. ivohibe Wesener, 2014</p><p>– Gigantic (&gt; 50 mm), brown species. Endotergum with two dense rows of long marginal bristles (Fig. 9B). Posterior telopod with two spines and 32 crenulated teeth (Fig. 9H). Midongy Rainforest … ………………………………………………………………………………… S. midongy sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08124C2AFFF5FF8EFE7FF95EFAA254A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2017): Integrative description of two new species of Malagasy chirping giant pill-millipedes, genus Sphaeromimus (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 381: 1-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.381
08124C2AFFF7FF84FDA8FDBAFD895369.text	08124C2AFFF7FF84FDA8FDBAFD895369.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeromimus kalambatritra Moritz & Wesener 2017	<div><p>Sphaeromimus kalambatritra sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:620 CAD 6B-DAB4-4FFC-8556-61357C75AF40 Figs 1–6, 11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Large, massive, brown Sphaeromimus,&gt; 50 mm long. Differing from all other species of Sphaeromimus in having five stridulation ribs on the male harp (as in S. musicus (Saussure &amp; Zehntner, 1897) and S. vatovavy Wesener, 2014) in the following characters: tarsus of leg 3 without an apical spine, coxal process almost absent, posterior telopod with two membranous lobes.&gt;80 ocelli.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet ‘kalambatritra’, noun in apposition, refers to the type-locality, the Réserve Spéciale de Kalambatritra (Fig. 11).</p><p>Material examined (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀)</p><p>Holotype MADAGASCAR: ♂, Toliaria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.41733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.442/lat -23.41733)">Réserve Spéciale Kalambatritra, Befarara</a>, BLF21330, 23°25′04″ S, 46°26′52″ E,alt. 1390m, montane rainforest, 7 Feb.2009, B.L. Fisher et al. leg., general collecting (CASENT 9068297-A).</p><p>Paratypes MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, same collection data as for holotype (ZFMK MYR 06125); 1 ♂, same collection data as for holotype (CASENT 9068297- C); 1 ♀, Toliaria, Réserve Spéciale Kalambatritra, Ampanihy, BLF21565, 23°27′49″S, 46°27′47″ E,alt. 1270m, montane rainforest, 9–10 Feb.2009, B.L. Fisher et al. leg., general collecting (CASENT 9058301).</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Male holotype ca 51.5 mm long, 24.4 mm (2nd segment) up to 28.2 mm (10th segment = widest) wide, 14 mm (2nd segment) high. Female ca 52 mm long, 24.7 mm (2nd segment) wide, 15.1 mm (2nd segment) high (Fig. 1A).</p><p>COLORATION OF PRESERVED SPECIMEN (Fig. 1A). Tergites in anterior half dark brown, posterior half light brown, posterior margin with thin dark brown band. Paratergites light brown with dark brown to blackish tips. Paratergite impressions and groove of thoracic shield light brown. Antennae brown, and legs and pleurites light brown to grey. Head laterally around eyes and at posterior margin dark brown, frontally light brown. Collum dark brown. Eyes green.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes with&gt;80 ocelli, median ocelli small and increasing in size towards lateral and posterior part of eyes (Fig. 1A), several larger ocelli on lateral margin clearly separated from eye. Organ of Tömösváry positioned in antennal-groove (Fig. 1B). Antennae short, protruding to coxa of third leg, not reaching margin of thoracic shield. Antennomere 1 as long as 2+3; antennomeres 2–5 of similar length; antennomere 6 as long as 4+5, but shorter than 1. Antennomeres 1–6 and antennal groove densely pubescent (Fig. 2A). Antennomere 6 towards disc with single row of sensilla basiconica (Fig. 2B–C). Disc in female with 33/31, in male with 53/55 apical cones, as well as several setae shorter, or as long as, apical cones (Fig. 2B). Margin of labrum with setae.</p><p>GNATHOCHILARIUM. Gnathochilarium typical for members of the order Sphaerotheriida, stipes and lamellamentum densely pubescent (Figs 1B, 3A, E). Lateral palpi rudimentary, not distinctly projecting over level of surrounding cuticle, consisting of four sensillae (Fig.3C). Inner palpi well developed, with field of sensory-cones and scale-like structures (Fig. 3D). Central pads (protuberance of endochilarium) with field of sensory-cones and smaller scale-like structures (Fig.3E). Endochilarium with deep triangular incision between central pads, central pads projecting lamella-mentum nearly to base of inner palpi.</p><p>Lateral endochilarium with densely packed median-pointing setae. Hypopharynx with single row of teeth lateral on both sides, anterior distinctly separated row of 8 teeth (Fig. 3B).</p><p>MANDIBLE. Mandible with typical shape of Sphaerotheriida (Fig. 3F), inner tooth 3-combed, with 6 long pectinate lamellae (Fig. 3G), condylus with a single, lower step at its apex (Fig. 3F). Condylus of mandible mounted against cuticular thickening on lateral margin of labrum, anteriorly of antennae (Fig. 1C). Tentorium lacking connection to head capsule via transverse bar. Posterior process triangular and plate-like, laying parallel to plate-like gnathal lobe sclerite. Epipharyngeal bar broad and laminar, running within epipahryngeal wall in direction of mandible condylus, broadening distally. Epipharyngeal bar with short lateral offshoot. Hypopharyngeal bar rod-like, curved within hypopharyngeal wall. Distal tip of hypopharyngeal bar reaches plate-like nebententorium. Nebententorium oriented at right angle to hypopharyngeal bar (Fig. 1E).</p><p>COLLUM. Collum glabrous except for few setae at margins.</p><p>THORACIC SHIELD. Thoracic shield glabrous, with a chagrinated (leather-like) surface, few setae in grooves. Grooves deep (Fig. 1A).</p><p>BODY RINGS. Tergites 3–12 with a chagrinated surface, small hair only present at posterior margin and in grooves, paratergite tips of mid-body tergites strongly projecting posteriorly (Fig. 1A). Tergites with single black locking carina.</p><p>ANAL SHIELD. Anal shield large, with a steep edge, entirely glabrous, with lighter and darker patches (Fig. 1A). Underside with single black locking carina, located closer to tergite margins than to pleurite.</p><p>ENDOTERGUM. Endotergum inner section with loose field of short, cone-shaped spines and long setae (Fig. 4A). Externally 2–3 dense rows of long marginal bristles, slightly protruding above margin of tergite. Bristles covered with small, triangular spines, apically increasing in density (Fig. 4B).</p><p>STIGMATIC PLATES. First stigma-carrying plate with a well-rounded projecting apex, apex covered with tiny spines and setae (Fig. 5A). Second plate (Fig. 5B) without apex and spines.</p><p>FIRST PLEURITE. First pleurite laterally well-rounded, without extensions.</p><p>LEGS. Leg 1 with 2, 2 with 4, 3 with 10 ventral spines and no apical spine. Leg pairs 4–21 with 12–16 ventral spines and an apical spine. Small coxa process developed, covered with field of spines (Fig.5C). Femur 2.0, tarsus 3.3 times as long as wide. All podomeres with few setae (Fig. 5C). Toothed ridge (cleaning comb?) of femur with&gt;40 teeth, reaching ca. 0.8 times length of femur. Coxa in anterior aspect basally with a row of teeth, similar to “cleaning comb” on femur. Pronounced coxal process absent.</p><p>MALE GONOPORE. Male gonopore typical for genus, plate glabrous, surrounded by relative large membranous area, few small spines basally of gonopore (Fig. 5B).</p><p>ANTERIOR TELOPOD. Harp carrying five well-developed stridulation ribs (Fig. 5D). Shape usual for genus, with setae and tiny teeth at apical margin. Telopoditomere 4 with one large, triangular, apically weakly sclerotized spine and 2 smaller ones (Fig. 5E–F); basally on its anterior side with several tiny teeth. Telopoditomere 3 with triangular hump laterally, located close to border to telopoditomere 4 and juxtaposed to process of telopoditomere 2 (Fig. 5E).</p><p>POSTERIOR TELOPOD. Podomere 3 slightly curved, 3.3 times as long as wide, slightly longer than immovable finger (Fig.5G–H). Hollowed-out inner margin with two lobes and two spines, posterior aspect with ca 30 small crenulated teeth. Immovable finger straight, basally wide, apically tapering, only apical tip strongly curved towards podomere 3. Podomere 1 with few setae on lateral margin (Fig. 5H), podomere 2 only with few setae at anterior side, posterior side glabrous (Fig. 5G–H). Podomere 3 with only few marginal setae.</p><p>FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS. Vulva massive. Operculum well-rounded, protruding up to apical third of prefemur, with few marginal setae (Fig. 6A). Subanal plate large, with shallow invagination at apical margin (shape typical for genus). Washboard with ten stridulation ribs on each side, median in anterior half with black triangular field (Fig.6B). The female carried several hundred eggs with a diameter of 1.5–1.6 mm.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type-locality, the Réserve Spéciale de Kalambatritra, which is a mountainous rainforest (Fig. 11). In the same habitat, two undetermined giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium occur sympatrically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08124C2AFFF7FF84FDA8FDBAFD895369	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2017): Integrative description of two new species of Malagasy chirping giant pill-millipedes, genus Sphaeromimus (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 381: 1-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.381
08124C2AFFFDFF98FDC9F9FAFA8F5673.text	08124C2AFFFDFF98FDC9F9FAFA8F5673.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeromimus midongy Moritz & Wesener 2017	<div><p>Sphaeromimus midongy sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA9166CE-73E5-41FE-A203-E4C999D2C0EE Figs 7–9, 11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Large, massive, dark brown Sphaeromimus,&gt; 50 mm long. Differing from the only known species of Sphaeromimus with six stridulation ribs on the male harp ( S. ivohibe Wesener, 2014), with which it also shares the two lobes on the movable finger of the posterior telopod, in the following characters: large difference in size and colour pattern, a densely pubescent male gonopore, legs 4–21 with 14 or 15 ventral spines (12 in S. ivohibe), and endotergum with two dense rows of long marginal bristles (single row in S. ivohibe).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet ‘midongy’, noun in apposition, refers to the type-locality, the Parc National de Midongy.</p><p>Material examined (1 ♂)</p><p>Holotype MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, Province de Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.89667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.88833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.89667/lat -23.88833)">Parc National de Midongy-Befotaka</a>, 11.5km SW of Befotaka village, VS-1536, 23°53.3′ S, 46°53.8′ E, 1055m alt., dense humid transitional lowland and montane forest, 27 Feb. 2008, V. Soarimalaia leg. (FMNH-INS 3119888).</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Male holotype ca 51.5 mm long, 24.1 mm (2nd segment) and 26.1 mm (9th segment) wide, 14.2 mm (2nd segment) high.</p><p>COLORATION OF PRESERVED SPECIMEN. Tergites dark brown with black tips, posterior margin with a light brown band which is bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by thinner black bands. Paratergite impressions and groove of thoracic shield lighter brown. Legs, antennae, pleurites, head and collum brown, eyes green.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes with&gt;80 ocelli. Antennae short, protruding to third leg pair. Antennomere 1 as long as 2+3; 2 shorter than 3; 3–5 of similar length; 6 slightly shorter than 4+5. Antennomeres 1–6 densely pubescent (Fig. 7A). Antennomere 6 towards disc with single row of sensilla basiconica (Figs 7B, C). Disc of male with 50/49 apical cones as well as several sensillae shorter or as long as sensory cones (Fig. 7B). Organ of Tömösváry in antennal groove close to eye. Margin of labrum with setae.</p><p>MOUTHPARTS. Not dissected.</p><p>COLLUM. Collum glabrous except for few setae at margins.</p><p>THORACIC SHIELD. Thoracic shield chagrinated (leather-like). Grooves deep, covered with setae.</p><p>BODY RINGS. Paratergites 3–12 with posterior margin smooth, rest chagrinated, with hairs on posterior and anterior margin, paratergite tips of mid-body tergites strongly projecting posteriorly.</p><p>ANAL SHIELD. Anal shield massive, well-rounded, lacking pubescent area. Underside with single black locking carina, located closer to tergite margins than to pleurite.</p><p>ENDOTERGUM. Endotergum inner section with setae and triangular spines (Fig. 8A). Between margin and inner area with single row of large, elliptical cuticular patterns. Externally two row of marginal bristles. Bristles protruding weakly above tergite margin. Bristles with small triangular spines, apically increasing in density (Fig. 8B).</p><p>STIGMATIC PLATES. First stigma-carrying plate with a well-rounded, projecting apex covered by hairs (Fig.9A). Second plate without apex, but with field of teeth opposite of coxa (Fig.9B).</p><p>FIRST PLEURITE. First pleurite laterally well-rounded, without extensions.</p><p>LEGS. Leg 1 with 4, 2 with 5 ventral spines and no apical spine; leg 3 with 10 ventral spines and a short apical spine. Leg pairs 4–21 with 14 or 15 ventral spines. Coxa process weakly developed, with small, black, triangular spines (Fig. 9C). Femur 1.5, tarsus 3.5 times as long as wide. All podomeres densely pubescent (Fig. 9C). Toothed ridge of femur ca ⅔ length of femur, with 40 small teeth, distally increasing in size. Coxa in anterior aspect basally with a row of teeth, similar to toothed ridge on femur.</p><p>MALE GONOPORE. Male gonopore densely pubescent, shape typical for genus (Fig. 9B).</p><p>ANTERIOR TELOPOD. Harp with six stridulation ribs (Fig. 9D), all ribs of similar length. Shape usual for genus, telopoditomere 4 with one large triangular spine with sclerotized tip and 2 smaller spines (Figs 9E–F). Telopoditomeres 3 and 4 with sclerotized spots.</p><p>POSTERIOR TELOPOD. Podomere 3 slightly curved, 3 times longer than wide, slightly longer than immovable finger (Fig.9G). Hollowed-out inner margin with two lobes and two spines, posterior aspect with ca32 small crenulated teeth (Fig.9H). Immovable finger constant in width, only apically tapering, tip weakly curved towards podomere 3. Podomere 1 with setae, podomere 2 with few setae on anterior and posterior side. Podomere 3 and immovable finger with only few marginal setae (Fig.9G–H).</p><p>Female sexual characters</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type-locality, the Parc National de Midongy (Fig. 11). Mountainous rainforest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08124C2AFFFDFF98FDC9F9FAFA8F5673	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moritz, Leif;Wesener, Thomas	Moritz, Leif, Wesener, Thomas (2017): Integrative description of two new species of Malagasy chirping giant pill-millipedes, genus Sphaeromimus (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 381: 1-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.381
