identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0F72557C7970FFB9FF7A4499FF7AF854.text	0F72557C7970FFB9FF7A4499FF7AF854.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marphysa acicularum Webster 1884	<div><p>Marphysa acicularum Webster, 1884</p><p>Figures 2, 3, 10</p><p>Marphysa acicularum Webster, 1884: 19, Pl. 10, Figs 50–53; Treadwell 1921: 57 –59, Pl. 5, Figs 1–4, text–figs 184–193.</p><p>Material examined. Type material: Two syntypes USNM 4793 (and 4 slides with parapodia), Bermuda, 32°19'48.11" N 64°44'59.98'' W, 1876, col. G.B. Goode.</p><p>Description. Syntype complete, broken into two fragments, with 289 chaetigers (anterior fragment with 124), L10= 11 mm, W10= 4 mm, TL= 125 mm. Anterior region with convex dorsum, venter flat, without groove; body depressed from chaetiger 6, widest at chaetiger 20, tapering after chaetiger 51. Dorsally dissected from prostomium to chaetiger 5.</p><p>Prostomium bilobed, 2 mm long, 2.7 mm wide; lobes frontally rounded; median sulcus shallow (Fig. 2 A), ventral sulcus deep. Prostomial appendages in semicircle, median antenna isolated by gap. Palps reaching first peristomial ring; lateral antenna reaching first chaetiger; median antenna reaching second chaetiger. Palpophores and ceratophores ring-shaped, short, thick; palpostyles and ceratostyles tapering, slender, without articulation. Eyes rounded, dark, between palp and lateral antenna.</p><p>Peristomium (2 mm long, 4 mm wide) clearly wider than prostomium, first ring three times longer than second ring, separation between rings distinct on dorsal and ventral sides, faintly visible laterally (Fig. 2 A). Inferior lip with a slight central depression, with a couple of shallow wrinkles.</p><p>Maxillary apparatus with four pairs and one single maxillae; MF= 1+1, 4+4, 5+0, 3+7, 1+1; other syntype MF= 1+1, 4+4, 6+0, 4+7, 1+1 (Fig. 2 B). Maxillary carriers 2.4 times shorter than MI, anterior region rectangular, posterior end triangular, with a pair of oval wings situated at the laterals of maxillary carriers. MI forceps-like, without attachment lamella; maxilla with falcal arch at right angles, poorly developed. Closing system 3.7 times shorter than MI (Fig. 2 B); ligament between MI and MII, rectangular, dark. MII wide, without attachment lamella; with triangular teeth, distal tooth directed laterally, others recurved; cavity opening oval, 4.4 times shorter than MII; rectangular ligament between MII and MIII and right MIV, slightly sclerotized (Fig. 2 B). MIII short, curved, forming part of distal arc; with blunt teeth; attachment lamella rectangular, situated only in the center of posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 2 B). Left MIV with small basal tooth; narrow attachment lamella, semicircular, situated along posterior edge. Right MIV with distal tooth longest; attachment lamella wide, more developed in the central portion, situated along posterior edge (Fig. 2 B). MV rectangular, slightly longer than wide, with a short rounded tooth (Fig. 2 B). Mandibles not examined.</p><p>Branchiae pectinate with up to three filaments, present from chaetigers 26R–27L to 282 (Fig. 2 E–F). First pair and the last 24 with one filament; with three filaments in chaetigers 44–210 (Fig. 10). Branchial filaments longer than dorsal cirri, except last nine branchiae, which are reduced to a globular expansion.</p><p>First two parapodia smaller; best developed along chaetigers 3 to 13, following parapodia gradually smaller. Notopodial cirri without articulation; longer than ventral cirri, conical, with broad base, best developed in chaetigers 3–15, posterior ones gradually decreasing in size, being smaller from chaetiger 44 (Fig. 2 C–F). Prechaetal lobes as transverse fold in all chaetigers (Fig. 2 C–F). Chaetal lobes rounded with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline in anterior chaetigers; from chaetiger 41 becoming smaller with acicula emerging in midline, longer than other lobes (Fig. 2 C–F). Postchaetal lobes best developed along chaetigers 1 to 38, first three digitiform, from chaetigers 4 to 38 auricular, from chaetigers 17 to 38 progressively reducing in length; posterior ones inconspicuous (Fig. 2 C–F). Ventral cirri in chaetigers 1–3 digitiform; from chaetiger 4 to the last one with an oval swollen base and digitiform tip, gradually reducing in size (Fig. 2 C–F).</p><p>Aciculae blunt, reddish, darker in anterior chaetigers. First 10 chaetigers with two or three aciculae, chaetigers 11–33 with three or four, from chaetigers 34 to 48 with five, from chaetigers 49 to 102 with four, from chaetigers 103 to 122 with three, from chaetigers 122 to 269 with two or one, last 10 with only one acicula (Fig. 3 D).</p><p>Most chaetae broken. Chaetae limbate supracicular, large, reduced in number around chaetiger 30. Two types of pectinate chaetae, anterior and median chaetigers with 2 or 3 isodonts narrow with short and fine teeth, with up to 15 teeth (Fig. 3 A); in median and posterior chaetigers with 3 anodonts wide with long and slender teeth, with up to 10 teeth (Fig. 3 B). Compound spinigers subacicular, present in all chaetigers, with blade of two sizes in the same chaetiger, shorter in anterior region of chaetiger; longer in posterior region (Fig. 3 C). Subacicular hooks bidentate (Fig. 3 E), yellow, present along chaetigers 34R–35L to 133, one per chaetiger, absent from chaetiger 134. Proximal and distal teeth worn, rounded, some hooks appear unidentate probably from wear (Fig. 3 F).</p><p>Pygidium with two pairs of pygidial cirri, without articulation; dorsal pair as long as last four chaetigers; ventral pair short, as long as last chaetiger.</p><p>Variation. Second syntype complete with 155 chaetigers, L10= 4.0 mm, W10= 4.0 mm. Palps reaching second peristomial ring, lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 2, median antenna reaching chaetiger 3. Branchiae along chaetigers 22 to 145 with up to 2 filaments. Parapodia with postchaetal lobes better developed along chaetigers 2 to 28; subacicular hooks bidentate from chaetigers 27 to 110, posterior ones discontinuous.</p><p>Habitat. In muddy sediments, coquina and coralline rocks in shallow waters (Treadwell, 1921).</p><p>Distribution. Bermuda, Dry Tortugas, Florida and Tobago.</p><p>Discussion. Marphysa acicularum was described with some specimens collected by the ichthyologist George Brown Goode in 1876 from Bermuda; additionally, the species was recorded in Dry Tortugas and Tobago (Treadwell 1921). The original description lacked some important details such as the maxillary apparatus, pectinate chaetae and subacicular hooks. However, Treadwell (1921) made a more detailed characterization including the maxillary apparatus. In turn, he described the variety M. acicularum brevibranchiata . Unfortunately, the type material of this subspecies is apparently lost, and its taxonomic status cannot be assessed. Hartman (1956) stated that the type was deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, but is not in this collection, nor in the American History Natural Museum of New York, where many of the materials described by Treadwell were deposited.</p><p>Marphysa acicularum belongs to group B2 (Fauchald 1970), which is characterized by having only compound spinigers and branchiae present along the body. Marphysa acicularum resembles M. brasiliensis (Hansen, 1882) (from Brazil), M. elityeni (from South Africa), M. mullawa (from Australia), M. sanguinea (from England), and M. viridis by having spinigers present in all chaetigers and bidentate subacicular hooks. Marphysa sanguinea and M. mullawa differ from M. acicularum in the size of teeth present in anodont pectinate chaetae, being long and thick in M. sanguinea and M. mullawa, while in M. acicularum are long and slender. Further, the first two species have wide isodont pectinate chaetae; whereas M. acicularum has narrow isodont pectinate chaetae. Also, M. sanguinea and M. acicularum differ in the maximal number of branchial filaments and beginning of subacicular hooks; the former (specimen with 290 chaetigers) has 6 branchial filaments and subacicular hooks starting in chaetiger 21; while the latter (specimen with 289 chaetigers) has only 3 filaments and subacicular hooks starting in chaetiger 34. In addition, in M. mullawa the postchaetal lobe is three times longer than chaetal lobe, while in M. acicularum it is slightly longer than chaetal lobe. Marphysa elityeni is a species that reaches large size (170–850 mm), which may explain the late start of branchiae (chaetigers 36–42) and subacicular hooks (chaetigers 60–70); in contrast, our longest specimens of M. acicularum are shorter (around 125 mm), and have branchiae (chaetigers 22–26) and subacicular hooks (chaetigers 27–34) beginning more anteriorly. In addition, both species differ in the type of isodont pectinate chaetae, M. acicularum has a narrower blade, while M. elityeni has a wider blade. Furthermore, M. viridis has a larger number of abranchiate posterior chaetigers (23–50 chaetigers) than M. acicularum (7–10 chaetigers). Also, both species differ in the proportion of maxillary carriers and closing system relative to MI; maxillary carriers and closing system are 2.4 and 3.7 times shorter than MI in M. acicularum, whereas in M. viridis the maxillary carriers are 4 times and closing system is 6 times shorter than MI. Moreover, in M. viridis the ventral cirri with swollen base end 23–49 chaetigers before the pygidium; whereas in M. acicularum they are present up to the last chaetiger. In addition, M. viridis has rounded postchaetal lobes; while it is auricular in M. acicularum . Moreover, M. acicularum (TL= 125 mm) differs from M. brasiliensis (TL= 100 mm) by having an earlier start of branchiae, beginning from chaetiger 26, whereas in M. brasiliensis branchiae start after chaetiger 31.</p><p>In the Grand Caribbean region, M. acicularum could be confused with M. nobilis (see below) because in larger specimens some subacicular hooks may be worn and look unidentate such as in M. nobilis; nevertheless, these species differ in the size of postchaetal lobes in anterior chaetigers and the beginning and ending of the ventral cirri with swollen bases. In M. nobilis, the postchaetal lobe is 2 times longer than chaetal lobe, and the ventral cirri with swollen base always start after chaetiger 10 and ending 61 chaetigers before the pygidium; while in M. acicularum the postchaetal lobe is slightly longer than the chaetal lobe and the ventral cirri with swollen base start in chaetiger 4 and are present until the last chaetiger. Furthermore, both species differ in the proportion of maxillary carriers and closing system relative to MI; in M. nobilis the maxillary carriers and closing system are 4 and 7 times shorter than MI, respectively; while in M. acicularum the maxillary carriers is 2.4 and closing system is 3.7 times shorter than MI.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F72557C7970FFB9FF7A4499FF7AF854	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C.;Carrera-Parra, Luis F.	Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C., Carrera-Parra, Luis F. (2015): Reinstatement of three species of the Marphysa sanguinea complex (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region. Zootaxa 3925 (1): 37-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.3
0F72557C7974FFB7FF7A45FAFB0EFEF1.text	0F72557C7974FFB7FF7A45FAFB0EFEF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marphysa nobilis Treadwell 1917	<div><p>Marphysa nobilis Treadwell, 1917</p><p>Figures 4–6, 10</p><p>Marphysa nobilis Treadwell, 1917: 265 –266, Pl. 3, Figs 3–9; 1921:71–73, Pl. 6, Figs 9 –12, text–figs 245–256.</p><p>Material examined. Type material: Holotype AMNH VI–1915 –1350, Florida, Mangrove Key, 25°23' N 80°18' W, Jun 1915, in sand exposed at extreme low tide. Paratype MCZ 2493, Florida, Dry Tortugas, Long Key, 24°37' N 82°51' W, Jun 1915. Additional material: ECOSUR-OH-P0121 (1), ECOSUR-OH-P0122 (1), ECOSUR-OH- P0123 (1), ECOSUR-OH-P0125 (1), ECOSUR-OH-P0126 (1), ECOSUR-OH-P0127 (1), ECOSUR-OH-P0128 (1), Xmapoit beach, Contoy Island, Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean 21°28'19'' N 86°47'22.5'' W, 22 Feb 2008, in sediment with turtle grass Thalassia testudinum .</p><p>Description. Holotype complete, with 350 chaetigers, L10= 13.6 mm, W10= 6.5 mm, TL= 315 mm. Anterior region with convex dorsum, venter flat without groove; body depressed from chaetiger 5, widest at chaetiger 14, tapering after chaetiger 39.</p><p>Prostomium bilobed, 2.1 mm long, 3.5 mm wide; lobes frontally oval; median sulcus shallow (Fig. 4 A–B), ventral sulcus deep. Prostomial appendages in semicircle, median antenna isolated by gap. Palps reaching first peristomial ring; lateral antennae reaching anterior end of second peristomial ring; median antenna incomplete, in paratype median antenna reaching anterior end of third chaetiger. Palpophores and ceratophores ring-shaped, short, thick; palpostyles and ceratostyles digitiform, slender, without articulation. Eyes rounded, translucent, between palp and lateral antenna.</p><p>Peristomium longer and wider than prostomium (3 mm long, 5 mm wide), first ring four times longer than second ring; separation between rings distinct on ventral and lateral sides, faintly visible dorsally (Fig. 4 A–C). Inferior lip with a slight central depression with shallow wrinkles (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Maxillary apparatus lost in holotype, in paratype maxillary apparatus partially everted, some maxillae damaged, with four pairs and one single maxilla, MF= 1+1, 3+3, 4+0, 4+7, 1+1. In one specimen (ECOSUR-OH- P0128) MF= 1+1, 3+3, 5+0, 3+7, 1+1 (Fig. 4 D). Maxillary carriers 4 times shorter than MI, anterior region rectangular, posterior end triangular, with a pair of oval wings situated at the lateral margins of maxillary carriers. MI forceps-like, without attachment lamella; maxilla with falcal arch at right angle, well developed. Closing system 7 times shorter than MI (Fig. 4 D); ligament between MI and MII rectangular, dark. MII wide, without attachment lamella; with triangular recurved teeth; cavity opening oval, 3.5 times shorter than MII (Fig. 4 D), rectangular ligament between MII and MIII and right MIV, sclerotized (Fig. 4 E). MIII short, curved, forming part of distal arc; with blunt teeth, basal tooth smaller; with short attachment lamella situated only in the center of posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 4 E). Left MIV with wide rounded base; distal tooth longer; attachment lamella semicircular, more developed in the base of maxilla, situated 2/3s of distance from posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 4 E). Right MIV with first three teeth larger, triangular; attachment lamella wide, more developed in the central portion, situated along posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 4 D). MV rectangular, longer than wide, with a blunt short tooth, located on top of maxilla. Mandibles dark; cutting plates whitish, without distinct growth rings (Fig. 4 F).</p><p>Branchiae pectinate with up to 5 filaments, present from chaetigers 24L–25R to 310L–313R (Fig. 5 B). First pair and last 15 with one filament; with five filaments in chaetigers 46–252 (Fig. 10). Branchial filaments longer than dorsal cirri.</p><p>First three parapodia smaller; best developed from chaetigers 4 to 13, posterior ones becoming gradually smaller. Notopodial cirri without articulation; slightly longer than ventral cirri, digitiform with a swollen expansion near its base, best developed from chaetigers 5 to 23, posterior ones gradually decreasing in size, becoming slender about chaetiger 33 (Fig. 5 A–C). Prechaetal lobes as transverse fold in all chaetigers (Fig. 5 A–C). Chaetal lobes rounded in all chaetigers, in anterior chaetigers with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline, shorter than postchaetal lobe; in posterior chaetigers with aciculae emerging slightly in midline, longer than other lobes (Fig. 5 A–C). Postchaetal lobes well developed from chaetigers 1 to 79, first four conical, from chaetigers 5 to 79 rounded, larger than other lobes; posterior ones inconspicuous (Fig. 5 A–C). Ventral cirri conical in chaetigers 1–11; in chaetigers 12–306 with oval swollen base and digitiform tip, gradually reducing in size; from chaetiger 307 conical (Fig. 5 A–C).</p><p>Aciculae dark, tapering, with up to 3 in anterior chaetigers; from chaetiger 15 with up to 2; from chaetiger 193 with one acicula, occasionally two.</p><p>Chaetae limbate supracicular of two sizes in same chaetiger, larger in anterior region, reduced in number around chaetiger 22. Two types of pectinate chaetae, isodonts wide with short and fine teeth present in all chaetigers, in anterior chaetigers with 6–7 pectinate chaetae with up to 14 teeth, in posterior ones with 12 pectinate chaetae with about 17 teeth (Fig. 5 D). Anodonts wide with long and thick teeth in median and posterior chaetigers, with 2–3 pectinate chaetae in median chaetigers with up to 16, in posterior chaetigers with 7 pectinate chaetae with up to 14 teeth (Fig. 5 E). Compound spinigers present in all chaetigers (Fig. 5 F), blades of two sizes in same chaetiger, shorter blade in anterior region, abundant in chaetigers 5–30. Subacicular hooks unidentate, tapering, translucent on distal end, dark in basal end (Fig. 5 G), with discontinuous distribution in median region, from chaetigers 255 to 344 with one hook per chaetiger; last six chaetigers without hooks.</p><p>Pygidium with two pairs of pygidial cirri without articulation; dorsal pair as long as last seven chaetigers; ventral pair short, as long as last chaetiger.</p><p>Variation. Material examined varied in L10 from 6 to 13.6 mm, and in W10 from 3.7 to 7.5 mm and varied in the following features: palps reaching first peristomial ring or second peristomial ring; lateral antennae reaching second peristomial ring or chaetiger 2; median antenna reaching posterior end of second peristomial ring or posterior end of chaetiger 2. Maxillary formula varied as follows: MII 3–4+3–4, MIII 5–6, MIV 3–4+7–8. Attachment lamella of MIII was not observed in two specimens (ECOSUR-OH-123,128). Branchiae start in chaetigers 17–27; only two specimens were complete (holotype and ECOSUR-OH-121), last 37 and 34 chaetigers lacked branchiae, respectively. Maximum number of branchial filament varied from 4 to 6; some incomplete specimens did not possess enough segments to reach the region with the highest number of filaments; therefore, it is possible that these specimens could reach a higher number. A positive length-dependent variation of the beginning of branchiae was found (R2= 0.48, n=8; Fig. 6). The last chaetiger with well developed postchaetal lobe varies from chaetigers 39 to 71; it appears that the number of chaetigers with well developed postsetal lobe increases with body size. The start of ventral cirri with swollen base varies from chaetiger 10 to 11; in the two complete specimens, the ventral cirri with swollen base end at chaetigers 44 and 51 before the pygidium, respectively. Start of subacicular hooks varies from chaetigers 31 to 94; apparently, this is a length dependent feature. Furthermore, subacicular hooks seem to be continuously present in specimens with L10 less than 6 mm, above this length the presence of hooks is discontinuous.</p><p>Habitat. In sand (Treadwell 1917), and sediment with seagrasses ( Thalassia testudinum).</p><p>Distribution. Dry Tortugas, Florida; Contoy Island, Mexican Caribbean; Montego Bay, Jamaica and Buccoo Bay, Tobago.</p><p>Discussion. Treadwell (1917) described the live specimen as flesh colored, iridescent in the anterior region; with some green bands on prostomial appendages and numerous yellowish spots scattered along the anterior body region. This color pattern agrees with the specimens collected in the Mexican Caribbean (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>In the original description, Treadwell (1917) stated that the subacicular hooks are bidentate; however, the examination of type material and additional material enabled us to clarify that subacicular hooks are unidentate and they could be lost in some chaetigers.</p><p>Marphysa nobilis belongs to group B2 (Fauchald 1970) and it is close to M. aransensis (from Texas), M. borradailei Pillai, 1958 (from Sri Lanka), M. furcellata Crossland, 1903 and M. macintoshi Crossland, 1903 (both from Zanzibar) by having unidentate subacicular hooks. The last three species differ from M. nobilis by having compound spinigers restricted to anterior chaetigers; while M. nobilis has compound spinigers in all chaetigers. Furthermore, M. nobilis differs from M. aransensis by having eyes, subacicular hooks with translucid distal end and dark basal region, and branchiae beginning from chaetiger 17; while M. arasensis lacks eyes, has translucent subacicular hooks, and branchiae beginning from chaetiger 28.</p><p>As mentioned above, M. nobilis was synonymized with M. sanguinea due to the supposed morphological similarity; nevertheless, we found enough differences to consider them as distinct species. Marphysa nobilis differs mainly from M. sanguinea by having unidentate subacicular hooks, and dorsal cirri with a swollen expansion near their bases; whereas M. sanguinea has bidentate subacicular hooks, and triangular dorsal cirri.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F72557C7974FFB7FF7A45FAFB0EFEF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C.;Carrera-Parra, Luis F.	Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C., Carrera-Parra, Luis F. (2015): Reinstatement of three species of the Marphysa sanguinea complex (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region. Zootaxa 3925 (1): 37-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.3
0F72557C7978FFB1FF7A4402FCCDF895.text	0F72557C7978FFB1FF7A4402FCCDF895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marphysa viridis Treadwell 1917	<div><p>Marphysa viridis Treadwell, 1917</p><p>Figures 7–10</p><p>Marphysa viridis Treadwell, 1917: 264 –265, Pl. 2, Figs 13–18; Pl. 3, Figs 1–2; 1921:64–66, Pl. 6, Figs 1–4, text-figs 212–223. Marphysa sanguinea Salazar –Vallejo &amp; Carrera– Parra, 1998: 1493 –1494, Figs 8 a–e, 9. (non Montagu, 1815)</p><p>Material examined. Type material: Holotype AMNH VI–1915 –1293, Boca Grande Key, Florida, 24°31'N 82°00''W, Jul 1915. Additional material: Gulf of Mexico: ECOSUR-P2676 (1), Jaina Island, Campeche, Mexico, 20°12'34.6'' N 90°29'12.5'' W, 27 May 2005, 1 m, 10 m from coast line, in black rough sponge. ECOSUR-P2677 (6) Cerritos Island, Yucatán, Mexico, 21°33'45.97'' N 88°17'03.40'' W, 18 Jan 1991, 0.5 m, under rocks. Mexican Caribbean: ECOSUR-P2678 (3) Beach Las Garzas, Contoy Island, 21°29'53'' N 86°48'09'' W, 24 Feb 2008. ECOSUR-P2679 (1) Yalahau Lagoon, Quintana Roo, 21°30'44'' N 87°12'24'' W, 0 8 Sep 1993, 1 m, in macroalgae. ECOSUR-P2680 (3), Tres Marías Island, Ascensión bay, Quintana Roo, 19°36'43'' N 87°31'0''W, 28 Apr 1987, in mangrove root. ECOSUR-P2681 (1), Nichupté Lagoon, Cancún, Quintana Roo, sta. NC1E3, 21 °06'54'' N 86°45'41'' W, 29 Oct 1987, 1 m. ECOSUR-P2682 (4) Nichupté Lagoon, Cancún, Quintana Roo, sta. NC1E6, 21 °04'28'' N 86°46'48'' W, 28 Oct 1987, 1 m. ECOSUR-P2683 (2), Nichupté Lagoon, Cancún, Quintana Roo, sta. NC2E6, 21 °04'28'' N 86°46'48'' W, 0 2 Feb 1988, 1 m. ECOSUR-P2684 (5), Nichupté Lagoon, Cancún, Quintana Roo, sta. NC3E5, 21 °06'54'' N 86°45'41'' W, 19 Apr 1988, 1 m. ECOSUR-P2685 (5), Nichupté Lagoon, Cancún, Quintana Roo, sta. NC3E8, 21 °06'54'' N 86°45'41'' W, 20 Apr 1988, 1 m. ECOSUR-P2686 (2), Nichupté Lagoon, Cancún, Quintana Roo, sta. NC4E3, 21 °06'54'' N 86°45'41'' W, 0 5 Jul 1988, 1 m.</p><p>Description. Holotype complete, with 198 chaetigers, L10= 11 mm, W10= 3.5 mm, TL= 95 mm. Anterior region with convex dorsum, venter flat, without groove; body depressed from chaetiger 5, widest at chaetiger 23, tapering after chaetiger 24. Treadwell (1917) described the live specimen with prostomium and first peristomial ring markedly greenish.</p><p>Prostomium bilobed, 1.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; lobes frontally rounded; median sulcus shallow (Fig. 7 A), ventral sulcus deep. Prostomial appendages in semicircle, median antenna isolated by gap. Palps reaching middle of first peristomial ring; lateral antennae reaching anterior end of first chaetiger; median antenna reaching first chaetiger. Palpophores and ceratophores ring-shaped, short, thick; palpostyles and ceratostyles tapering, without articulation. Eyes rounded, dark, between palps and lateral antennae.</p><p>Peristomium longer and wider than prostomium (2.2 mm long, 3.3 mm wide), first ring three times longer than second ring; separation between rings distinct on all sides (Fig. 7 A). Inferior lip with a shallow central depression with a couple of shallow wrinkles (Fig. 7 B).</p><p>Maxillary apparatus lost. MF= 1+1, 5+6, 8+0, 4+7, 1+1 according to Treadwell (1921: 264–265, Fig. 1, Pl. 3). In a non-type specimen (ECOSUR-P2677) MF= 1+1, 7+6, 8+0, 5+9, 1+1 (Fig. 7 C). Maxillary carriers 4 times shorter than MI, anterior region rectangular, posterior end triangular, with a pair of oval wings situated at the lateral margins of maxillary carriers. MI forceps-like, without attachment lamella; maxilla with falcal arch at right, poorly developed (Fig. 7 C). Closing system 6 times shorter than MI (Fig. 7 C); ligament between MI and MII rectangular, dark. MII wide, without attachment lamella; distal tooth bigger, directed laterally, other teeth recurved; cavity opening oval, 4.5 times shorter than MII; ligament between MII and MIII and right MIV slightly sclerotized (Fig. 7 D). MIII short, curved, forming part of distal arc; with blunt teeth, basal tooth smaller; with rectangular attachment lamella, situated in the center of posterior edge of maxilla (Fig. 7 D). Left MIV with second tooth larger, last two teeth smaller; attachment lamella semicircular, better developed in central portion, situated 2/3s of distance from posterior end of maxilla (Fig. 7 D). Right MIV with blunt teeth, three last teeth smaller; attachment lamella wide, better developed in the middle, situated 3/4s of distance from posterior edge. MV rectangular, slightly longer than wide, with a short rounded tooth (Fig. 7 C). Mandibles dark; with whitish cutting plates, with around 13–15 growth rings (Fig. 7 E).</p><p>Branchiae pectinate with up to 5 filaments, present from chaetigers 22L–23R to 175L–174R (Fig. 8 C–D). First pair and last 10 with one filament; with five filaments in chaetigers 70–101 (Fig. 10). Branchial filaments longer than dorsal cirri.</p><p>First three parapodia smaller; best developed along chaetigers 4 to 30, following ones becoming gradually smaller. Notopodial cirri without articulation; slightly longer than ventral cirri, tapering, best developed in chaetigers 4–11, posterior ones gradually decreasing in size, being smaller, conical about chaetiger 34 (Fig. 8 A–E). Prechaetal lobes short, as transverse fold in all chaetigers (Fig. 8 A–E). Chaetal lobes from chaetigers 1 to 52 almost rectangular, slightly longer at ventral edge, with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline, shorter than postchaetal lobes; from chaetiger 53 with prominent dorsal expansion where aciculae emerge; posterior to chaetiger 144, rounded with acicula emerging dorsally to midline, longer than other lobes (Fig. 8 A–E). Postchaetal lobes well developed from chaetigers 1 to 51, posterior ones inconspicuous; first five digitiform, along chaetigers 6 to 51 rounded, posterior ones inconspicuous (Fig. 8 A–E). Ventral cirri in chaetigers 1–15 ovate; from chaetigers 16 to 175 with oval swollen base and digitiform tip; posterior ones digitiform (Fig. 8 A–E).</p><p>Aciculae blunt, reddish with distal end translucent; with up to 4 in first 18 chaetigers, from chaetiger 19 with 2 or 3 aciculae; from chaetiger 141 with only one.</p><p>Most chaetae broken. Chaetae limbate supracicular of two sizes in the same chaetiger, longer dorsally, less abundant from chaetiger 22. Three types of pectinate chaetae: Isodonts narrow with short and fine teeth, in anterior chaetigers with 2–3 pectinate chaetae, with up to 14 teeth (Fig. 8 G). Isodonts wide with short and fine teeth, in median chaetigers with 2–3 pectinate chaetae with up to 20 teeth (Fig. 8 H), in posterior ones with 4–5 pectinate chaetae with up to 14 teeth. Anodonts wide with long and thick teeth, in median chaetigers with 3–4 pectinate chaetae, with up to 8 teeth, in posterior ones with 4–5 pectinate chaetae, with up to 10 teeth (Fig. 8 I). Compound spinigers present in all chaetigers (Fig. 8 J), blades of two sizes in same chaetiger, shorter in anterior region of chaetiger. Subacicular hooks bidentate, yellow, beginning from chaetigers 37R–38L, always one per chaetiger. Proximal and distal teeth worn, rounded. In non-type specimen, distal tooth smaller than proximal tooth, directed upward; proximal tooth triangular, directed frontally (Fig. 8 F).</p><p>Pygidium with two pairs of pygidial cirri, without articulation; dorsal pair as long as last four chaetigers; ventral pair short, as long as last chaetiger.</p><p>Variation. Material examined varied in L10 from 2 to 10.2 mm, and in W10 from 1 to 5 mm and varies in the following features: palps reaching first peristomial ring or chaetiger 1; lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 1–3; median antenna reaching chaetiger 2–4. Maxillary formula varies as follows: MII: 4–5+4–5, MIII: 5–8, MIV: 3–5+7–10. Start of branchiae varies from chaetigers 17 to 25, last chaetigers without branchiae from 23 to 50. We observed a slight tendency in the beginning of branchiae with respect to the size; smaller specimens have branchiae from chaetiger 17, while larger specimens from chaetiger 25. Number of maximum branchial filaments varies from 2 to 6, it is a length-dependent feature (R²= 0.74, n= 23; Fig. 9 A). Last well developed postchaetal lobe varies from chaetigers 27 to 52; it is a length-dependent feature, ending later in larger specimens (R2=0.57, n= 33, Fig. 9 B). Last ventral cirrus with swollen base varies from 23 to 54 chaetigers before pygidium; it is also a length-dependent feature, ending later in larger specimens (R2= 0.93, n= 9, Fig. 9 C). Subacicular hooks start from chaetigers 21 to 42, and it is a length-dependent feature, beginning later in larger specimens (R2= 0.57, n= 33; Fig. 9 D).</p><p>Habitat. In sandy mud, low-water mark (Treadwell, 1917), in mangrove roots, macroalgae, sponges, seagrass or under rocks.</p><p>Distribution. Mangrove Key, Key West Harbor, Boca Grande and Marquesa Key, Florida; southern Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean.</p><p>Discussion. Marphysa viridis belongs to group B2 (Fauchald 1970); it is close to M. acicularum, M. brasiliensis (from Brazil), M. elityeni (from South Africa), M. mullawa (from Australia), and M. sanguinea (from England) by having spinigers present in all chaetigers and bidentate subacicular hooks. Marphysa viridis, M. mullawa and M. sanguinea have two types of wide pectinate chaetae (isodont and anodont); however, M. viridis has an additional type, isodont narrow pectinate chaetae. In addition, M. sanguinea and M. viridis differ in the number of teeth in MIII and right MIV; the former has 4–6 teeth in MIII and 5–8 in right MIV, while the latter has 5–8 teeth in MIII and 7–10 in right MIV. The species also differ in the shape of the postchaetal lobes and the beginning of subacicular hooks; in M. viridis, the postchaetal lobe is rounded and subacicular hooks start from chaetiger 37 (specimen with 198 chaetigers), while in M. sanguinea the postchaetal lobe is triangular and subacicular hooks start from chaetiger 21 (specimen with 290 chaetigers). Marphysa elityeni reaches large lengths (170–850 mm), which may explain the late start of branchiae (chaetigers 36–42), and subacicular hooks (chaetigers 60–70); in contrast, our longest specimens of M. viridis are shorter (around 100 mm), having an early beginning of branchiae (chaetigers 17–25), and subacicular hooks (chaetigers 21–42). In addition, both species differ in the type of isodont pectinate chaetae; M. elityeni has only wide pectinate chaetae, whereas M. viridis has both narrow and wide pectinate chaetae. Furthermore, M. viridis (TL= 95 mm) differs from M. brasiliensi s (LT= 100 mm) by having branchiae from chaetiger 22, while in M. brasiliensi s the branchiae start after chaetiger 31. Differences between M. viridis and M. acicularum were discussed in remarks of the latter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F72557C7978FFB1FF7A4402FCCDF895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C.;Carrera-Parra, Luis F.	Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C., Carrera-Parra, Luis F. (2015): Reinstatement of three species of the Marphysa sanguinea complex (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region. Zootaxa 3925 (1): 37-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.3
