taxonID	type	description	language	source
0D7F9C438C2DFC72FF7EF901C8C1FE13.taxon	etymology	Etymology — Epithet derived from the type locality.	en	Li, Jin-Chen, Wu, Hai-Xia, Song, Jia-Yu (2023): Two new Phyllachora species in Southwest China. Phytotaxa 578 (3): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5
0D7F9C438C2DFC72FF7EF901C8C1FE13.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype — IFRD 9465 Parasitic on leaves and stems of Chrysopogon aciculatus (Poaceae). Sexual morph: Stromata 380 – 1105 × 190 – 480 μm (x = 599 × 267 μm, n = 10), fusiform or cymbiform, domed above the leaf surface, amphigenous, scattered, sometimes gregarious, like black nevus, black and carbonaceous. Section of stroma 170 – 385 μm high, multilocular, peridium composed of brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2 – 4 μm wide, numerous, persistent, filiform, unbranched, aseptate, many guttules, slightly longer than asci. Asci 70 – 135 × 11 – 15 μm (x = 93 × 13 μm, n = 20), thin-walled, 8 - spored, persistent, cylindrical to clavate, apex obtuse, with pedicel. Ascospores 14 – 21 × 7 – 10 μm (x = 17.3 × 8.3 μm, n = 20), 1 - seriate, tear-shaped, rounded at the apex, tapered at the base, hyaline, aseptate, verrucous, with guttules and a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Not observed. Material examined — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Xinping County, on stems and leaves of Chrysopogon aciculatus, 101.94 ° E, 24.05 ° N, 1525.75 m, 27 October 2021, H. X. Wu & J. C. Li, IFRD 9465, holotype. GenBank accession numbers: LSU: OP 359416; ITS: OP 359398. Notes: According to the phylogenetic analysis, P. xinpingensis is closely related to P. arundinellae (= P. oryzopsidis) (Fig. 1). P. arundinellae, which is a parasite of Arundinella sp. and Oryzopsis sp. was found in Australia, Canada, Japan, North America, Papua, Puerto Rico, South Africa, and Venezuela (Parbery 1967), while P. xinpingensis is known only on Chrysopogon aciculatus. Morphologically, the asci and ascospores of P. xinpingensis are longer and wider than those of P. arundinellae (asci 70 – 135 × 11 – 15 μm vs 70 – 100 × 7 – 10 μm, ascospores 14 – 21 × 7 – 10 μm vs 10 – 18 × 5 – 8.5 μm). The ascospores of P. xinpingensis are tear-shaped, rounded at the apex, tapered at the base, while P. arundinellae is narrowly oval to ovoid. The closest hits using the LSU and ITS sequence had the highest similarity to P. arundinellae isolate MHYAU: 108 (GenBank LSU: MG 269815, identities = 809 / 899 (90 %); ITS: MG 269761, identities = 425 / 534 (80 % )). Differences in morphological characteristics and host are also supported by the phylogenetic tree, as P. xinpingensis and P. yuanjiangensis cluster independently (100 % bootstrap support, 1.00 posterior probabilities) in a branch (Fig. 1). Five species of Phyllachora have been recorded on Chysopogon spp., namely P. andropogonis-aciculati, P. chrysopogonicola, P. graminis, P. ischaemi, and P. fallax. Morphologically, P. xinpingensis is distinguished by having tear-shaped ascospores. The closest hits using LSU and ITS sequences had the highest similarity to P. chrysopogonicola isolate MFLU 16 - 2096 (GenBank LSU: MF 372146, identities = 724 / 901 (80 %); ITS: MF 372145, identities = 321 / 542 (59 % )) and P. graminis (GenBank ITS: KX 451869, identities = 306 / 556 (55 % )). Morphological characteristics of Phyllachora species found in China on Chysopogon spp. are given in Table 2. P. xinpingensis can be distinguished by the size of asci and ascospores, and the shape of ascospores. Therefore, P. xinpingensis is considered a new species of Phyllachora.	en	Li, Jin-Chen, Wu, Hai-Xia, Song, Jia-Yu (2023): Two new Phyllachora species in Southwest China. Phytotaxa 578 (3): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5
0D7F9C438C2EFC7CFF7EFF0BCB46FE5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology — Epithet derived from the type locality.	en	Li, Jin-Chen, Wu, Hai-Xia, Song, Jia-Yu (2023): Two new Phyllachora species in Southwest China. Phytotaxa 578 (3): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5
0D7F9C438C2EFC7CFF7EFF0BCB46FE5A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype — IFRD 9466 Parasitic on leaves and stems of Arundinella setosa (Poaceae). Sexual morph: Stromata 360 – 750 × 105 – 195 μm (x = 570 × 147.5 μm, n = 10), fusiform or cymbiform, domed above the leaf surface, amphigenous, scattered, sometimes gregarious, like black nevus, black and carbonaceous. Section of stroma 190 – 340 μm high, multilocular, peridium, composed of brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2 – 3 μm wide, numerous, persistent, filiform, unbranched, aseptate, many guttules, slightly longer than asci. Asci 71 – 112 × 11 – 22 μm (x = 84.6 × 13.2 μm, n = 20), thin-walled, 8 - spored, persistent, cylindrical to clavate, apex obtuse, with pedicel. Ascospores 15 – 21 × 7 – 9 μm (x = 17.9 × 8.3 μm, n = 20), 1 - seriate, tear-shaped, rounded at the apex, tapered at the base, hyaline, aseptate, verrucous, with guttules and a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Not observed. Material examined — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Yuanjiang County, on stems and leaves of Arundinella setosa, 101.47 ° E, 23.27 ° N, 1532.65 m, 27 November 2021, H. X. Wu & J. C. Li. IFRD 9466, holotype. GenBank accession numbers: LSU: OP 359417; ITS: OP 359399; SSU: OP 359400 Note: In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), P. yuanjiangensis is closely related to P. arundinellae and P. xinpingensis. P. yuanjiangensis and P. arundinellae both occur on Arundinella sp. Morphologically, the asci and ascospores of P. yuanjiangensis are longer and wider than those of P. arundinellae (asci 71 – 112 × 11 – 22 μm vs 70 – 100 × 7 – 10 μm, ascospores 15 – 21 × 7 – 9 μm vs 10 – 18 × 5 – 8.5 μm). The ascospores of P. yuanjiangensis are tear-shaped, rounded at the apex, tapered at the base, while P. arundinellae is narrowly oval to ovoid. Differences in morphological characteristics and their hosts are also supported by the phylogenetic tree. Four Phyllachora species have been recorded on Arundinella spp., namely P. arundinellae, P. graminicola, P. graminis, and P. shiraiana. P. yuanjiangensis can be distinguished from these species by the shape of its ascospores. The closest hits using LSU and ITS sequences had the highest similarity to P. arundinellae isolate MHYAU: 108 (GenBank LSU: MG 269815, identities = 809 / 899 (90 %); ITS: MG 269761, identities = 440 / 534 (82 % )) and P. graminis MM- 166 (GenBank ITS: KX 451869, identities = 317 / 556 (57 % )). P. yuanjiangensis had the highest similarity to P. xinpingensis IFRD 9465 (GenBank LSU: OP 359416, identities = 885 / 899 (98 %); ITS: OP 359399, identities = 496 / 519 (96 % )) but these two species can be distinguished by the host plants and asci length. A synopsis of P. yuanjiangensis and other Phyllachora species recorded from Arundinella spp. is provided (Table 2).	en	Li, Jin-Chen, Wu, Hai-Xia, Song, Jia-Yu (2023): Two new Phyllachora species in Southwest China. Phytotaxa 578 (3): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.3.5
