identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
908479760C7C54BCA113EB71E85C5BB1.text	908479760C7C54BCA113EB71E85C5BB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatothelopsis anthracina J. X. Wang & L. Hu 2025	<div><p>Trimmatothelopsis anthracina J. X. Wang &amp; L. Hu sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to Trimmatothelopsis versipellis but differing in having IKI + blue turning red hemiamyloid hymenial gel and in having the IKI + blue ascus.</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Shandong Province: Yantai City, Muping District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.72001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.25818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.72001/lat 37.25818)">Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve, the steep slope near the road</a>, 37°15'29.44"N, 121°43'12.02"E, alt. 304 m, on non-calcareous rock, 23 Nov. 2024, J. X. Wang et al. 20242446 (SDNU, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet refers to the black carbonized apothecia when mature.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Thallus rare, of dispersed or contiguous irregular areoles, (0.15 –) 0.5–0.75 mm wide, sometimes indistinct, replicating by division, usually a biofilm composed of soil particles and algal cells at the immature apothecia base, ca. 30–50 μm thick, then dead when apothecia mature and easy separation from the substrate. Upper surface dull brown to black, rough, epruinose. Epicortex thin, ca. 5 μm thick. Cortex 25–40 μm thick, upper layer 10–15 μm thick, brown, lower layer hyaline. Algal layer continuous, uninterrupted, sometimes extending below apothecia, algal cells ca. 10 μm wide. Medulla obscured with crystals and gelatinization. Apothecia usually 1–3 (– 8) per areole, often with compound apothecia, 0.25–0.5 mm in diameter, brown to black, hemispherical, sometimes irregular, usually arising individually from the biofilm, initially punctiform, later dilated, sometimes arising individually from thallus, disc dull brown to black, usually carbonized, ca. 0.15 mm wide, usually circular, slightly concave or flat, sometimes with an umbo of the same color as the disc, (10 –) 12.5–15 (– 25) μm thick, rarely with slightly elevated apothecial crown. Out wall of apothecia (10 –) 12.5–15 (– 25) μm thick, carbonized, with inter thalline area sometimes absent, resulting in a space between the carbonized outer wall and the hymenium. Parathecium 40–50 μm thick, IKI-. Hymenium (200 –) 225–250 μm high, paraphyses 1.5–2 μm wide, apices expand, up to 4 μm wide, hymenial gel IKI + blue turning red, hemiamyloid, if IKI too diluted with water on the slide, the reaction is IKI- pale yellow. Asci clavate, 110–140 × 15–25 μm, ascus stain IKI + light blue tholus and space between the outer and inner wall of the ascus before ascospores fill the asci, ascospores several hundred per asci, narrowly ellipsoid, (4 –) 5–6 (– 7) × 1.5–2 μm. Subhymenium ca. 50–75 μm thick, IKI +, blue. Hypothecium obscured, ca. 10–20 μm thick, IKI-. Pycnidia not observed. Not producing secondary metabolites.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>This new species is so far only known from Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve, Shandong Province. It occurs on non-calcareous rock from the south-facing slopes located in the valley, at an elevation of 304 m.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Trimmatothelopsis anthracina is similar to T. americana, T. coreana, and T. versipellis by its carbonized apothecial margin. Trimmatothelopsis americana differs in its uncarbonized apothecial disc and small ascospores (3–5 × 0.5–1 μm) (Knudsen and Lendemer 2016). Trimmatothelopsis coreana differs in its apothecia immersed in the thalline warts, no biofilm, uncarbonized apothecia disc, lower hymenium (up to 190 μm high), and lower subhymenium (up to 40 μm thick) (Kondratyuk et al. 2015). Trimmatothelopsis versipellis differs in its IKI + blue euamyloid hymenial gel and IKI- ascus (Gueidan et al. 2014).</p><p>Before this study, T. versipellis was reported from Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve where we found T. anthracina and T. shandongensis . However, the morphological re-examination of the sole specimen (Ren 5389 SDNU) revealed significant discrepancies from the original description by Xiong et al. (2020). In Xiong’s description, this species has red-brown thallus, low hymenium (100–130 μm high), and IKI + blue hymenial gel. However, during our re-examination of this specimen, it actually has brownish to dull brown thallus, globose apothecia, hymenium ca. 200 μm high, IKI + blue turning red hymenial gel, IKI + blue ascus, and ascospores 4.5–6.25 × 2.5–3 μm. Unfortunately, we could not sequence this specimen. Based on these characteristics, this specimen should not belong to T. versipellis which had carbon black thallus, IKI + blue hymenial gel, IKI- ascus, and small ascospores 3–5 × 1–2 μm (Gueidan et al. 2014). However, this specimen shares many morphological and chemical characteristics with T. anthracina: dull brown thallus, high hymenium (ca. 200 μm), IKI + blue turning red hymenial gel, and IKI + blue ascus. Furthermore, both of them were collected along the Sancha River in the Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve. In summary, we identified this specimen as T. anthracina .</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Shandong Province: Yantai city, Muping District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.72001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.25818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.72001/lat 37.25818)">Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve, the steep slope near the road</a>, 37°15'29.44"N, 121°43'12.02"E, alt. 304 m, on non-calcareous rock, 23 Nov. 2024, J. X. Wang et al. 20242211, 20242212, 20242224, 20242244, 20242447 (SDNU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/908479760C7C54BCA113EB71E85C5BB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Jiaxin;Liang, Fuhui;Zhao, Zuntian;Hu, Ling	Wang, Jiaxin, Liang, Fuhui, Zhao, Zuntian, Hu, Ling (2025): Three new taxa of lichen genus Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from China. MycoKeys 120: 277-293, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.158033
00EBD4A3ADBC5C01B996EE965E8B39BA.text	00EBD4A3ADBC5C01B996EE965E8B39BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatothelopsis knudsenii J. X. Wang & L. Hu 2025	<div><p>Trimmatothelopsis knudsenii J. X. Wang &amp; L. Hu sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to Trimmatothelopsis montana but differing in having wider thallus (up to 9 cm vs. up to 4 cm), in having completely immersed apothecia, and in having hymenial gel IKI + blue turning red, hemiamyloid (vs. IKI + blue-black amyloid).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Fujian Province: Quanzhou City, Fengze District, Qingyuan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.600235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.946983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.600235/lat 24.946983)">Quankuguanpu</a>, 24°56'49.14"N, 118°36'0.86"E, alt. 121 m, on non-calcareous rock, 1 Mar. 2025, J. X. Wang 20250049 (SDNU, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named in honor of lichenologist and taxonomist Kerry Knudsen from the Czech Republic for his excellent revision of the genus Trimmatothelopsis and continuing work on the Acarosporaceae of California and southwestern North America, USA.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Hypothallus usually distinct, thick, grayish to greenish, irregular in outline. Thallus epilithic, continuous and rimose, to 9 cm wide, ca. 150 μm thick, pale greyish green, pale green, yellowish brown to brown, sparingly to richly rimose with cracks, somewhat pulpy when wetted, sometimes easily entirely peeling from rock. Epicortex absent. Cortex (5 –) 20–40 μm thick. Algal layer (25 –) 30–35 (– 75) μm thick, continuous, rarely interrupted by hyphal bundles, algal cells 5–9 μm wide. Medulla ca. 75 μm thick, obscured, sometimes interspersed with a few algal cells. Apothecia rather numerous, scattered, immersed, mostly solitary, sometimes with compound apothecia, disc up to 0.45 mm wide, usually level with the thallus, slightly convex or flat, rough or smooth, reddish brown or whitish with a brown circle at center, sometimes with slightly elevated brown apothecial crown, usually with a reddish brown ring around the base of mature apothecia. Parathecium 10–60 μm wide, merging with cortex, sometimes with an inter IKI + blue, ca. 8–25 μm wide. Hymenium 150–230 μm high, paraphyses 1.5–2 μm wide, apices slightly widened in terminal brown gel cap, hymenial gel IKI + blue turning red, hemiamyloid. Asci clavate, 90–100 × 20–30 μm, ascus stain IKI + light blue tholus and space between the outer and inner wall of the ascus before ascospores fill the asci, ascospore several hundred per asci, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 4–5 (– 6) × (1.5 –) 2–3 μm. Subhymenium obscure, 20–75 μm thick, IKI + blue or sometimes light blue, with much oil drops. Hypothecium 20–25 μm thick, IKI-. Hymenium indistinct. Pycnidia immersed with dark ostioles, ca. 90 × 60 μm, with conidiogenous cells 22–28 × 1.5–2 μm, conidia rhabditiform, 5–6 × 1 μm. Not producing secondary metabolites.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>This new species is so far only known from Qingyuan Mountain, growing on non-calcareous rock at 121–263 m from low hillsides. It commonly occurs in the type, living in full sun or in deeply shaded forest habitats.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Trimmatothelopsis knudsenii has a rimose thallus which is an uncommon trait in the genus. Before this study, only one species was described with rimose thallus, T. montana . It can be distinguished from T. knudsenii by greenish black apothecia which look like perithecia and IKI + blue-black hymenial gel (McCarthy 2008).</p><p>The morphological traits of this new species exhibit significant changes in response to habitat variation. Specimens from sun-exposed habitats usually have yellowish-brown to brown thallus with densely rimose surfaces. In contrast, specimens from shaded habitats usually have pale grayish-green to pale green thallus (rarely brown), with only sparse rimose cracking. Acarosporaceae usually occurs in fully sunny locations. When growing in shaded areas, they still receive sunlight for the majority of the day. In the family, only T. montana and T. knudsenii can tolerate deep shade.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Fujian Province: Quanzhou City, Fengze District, Qingyuan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.596405&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.9529" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.596405/lat 24.9529)">Jianlongtai to Nanshanyan</a>, 24°57'10.44"N, 118°35'47.04"E, alt. 263 m, on non-calcareous rock, 28 Feb. 2025, J. X. Wang 20250014, 20250015, 20250016, 20250017, 20250020, 20250021, 20250022, 20250023, 20250024, 20250025, 20250026, 20250027, 20250028, 20250029 (SDNU) ; • Quanzhou City, Fengze District, Qingyuan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.600655&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.947569" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.600655/lat 24.947569)">Dafozi</a>, 24°56'51.25"N, 118°36'2.36"E, alt. 175 m, on non-calcareous rock, 28 Feb. 2025, J. X. Wang 20250031, 20250032, 20250033, 20250034, 20250035, 20250036, 20250037, 20250038 (SDNU) ; • Quanzhou City, Fengze District, Qingyuan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.600235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.946983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.600235/lat 24.946983)">Quankuguanpu</a>, 24°56'49.14"N, 118°36'0.86"E, alt. 121 m, on non-calcareous rock, 1 Mar. 2025, J. X. Wang 20250039, 20250040, 20250041, 20250043, 20250044, 20250045, 20250046, 20250047, 20250048 (SDNU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/00EBD4A3ADBC5C01B996EE965E8B39BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Jiaxin;Liang, Fuhui;Zhao, Zuntian;Hu, Ling	Wang, Jiaxin, Liang, Fuhui, Zhao, Zuntian, Hu, Ling (2025): Three new taxa of lichen genus Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from China. MycoKeys 120: 277-293, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.158033
3C14B6BC00F05D3DBE56136D12EA845E.text	3C14B6BC00F05D3DBE56136D12EA845E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trimmatothelopsis shandongensis J. X. Wang & L. Hu 2025	<div><p>Trimmatothelopsis shandongensis J. X. Wang &amp; L. Hu sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to Trimmatothelopsis mexicana but differing in having dull brown thallus and apothecia, in having smaller apothecial disc (0.1 mm vs. 1–2 mm), and in having lower hymenium (120–140 μm vs. 200–220 μm).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Shandong Province: Yantai City, Muping District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.72001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.25818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.72001/lat 37.25818)">Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve, the steep slope near the road</a>, 37°15'29.44"N, 121°43'12.02"E, alt. 304 m, on non-calcareous rock, 23 Nov. 2024, J. X. Wang et al. 20242240 a (SDNU, holotype) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet shandongensis refers to Shandong Province, where this species was found.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Thallus of dispersed or contiguous irregular areoles and subsquamules, 0.25–0.75 mm wide, replicating by division. Upper surface dull brown, usually with black undertone, rough, epruinose. Epicortex thin, ca. 5 μm thick. Cortex 30–50 μm thick, upper layer brown, ca. 8–12 μm thick, lower layer hyaline. Algal layer 50–75 μm thick, sometimes interrupted by hyphal bundles, algal cells mostly 8–15 μm wide. Medulla obscured with crystals and gelatinization, sometimes interspersed with a few algal cells. Apothecia rare, usually 1–2 per areole, immersed, disc up to 0.1 mm wide, concave, blackish brown, slightly darker than thallus, with slightly elevated apothecial crown, sometimes punctiform, epruinose. Parathecium indistinct, ca. 10–20 μm wide, merging with cortex, IKI-. Hymenium 120–140 μm high, paraphyses ca. 1.5 μm wide, apices unexpanded, lacking pigment caps, hymenial gel IKI + red, hemiamyloid, if IKI too diluted with water on the slide the reaction is IKI- pale yellow. Asci clavate, 95–120 × 15–25 μm, ascus stain IKI + light blue tholus and space between the outer and inner wall of the ascus before ascospores fill the asci, the blue area in upper layers of the tholus evanescent, ascospores several hundred per asci, narrowly ellipsoid, 5–7 × 2–3 μm. Subhymenium ca. 20 μm thick, hard to distinguish from hymenium, IKI-. Pycnidia immersed with dark ostioles, subglobose, 90–120 × 80–100 μm, with conidiogenous cells ca. 20 × 2 μm, conidia bacilliform, 4–6 × 1–1.5 μm. Not producing secondary metabolites.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>This new species is only known from Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve, Shandong Province, on non-calcareous rock at an elevation of 304 m. The holotype was collected on a steep sunny slope, growing with T. anthracina .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Trimmatothelopsis shandongensis differs from other species in the genus Trimmatothelopsis by lower hymenium 120–140 μm high. The new species shares areolate to squamulose thallus and IKI + red hymenial gel with T. mexicana and T. oreophila, but T. mexicana differs in having a pale brown thallus with stipe, brown apothecia, and the longest conidia (up to 13.9 μm long) in this genus (Knudsen et al. 2023 a). Trimmatothelopsis oreophila differs from this new species in having apothecia with brownish red disc, IKI- ascus, and thicker subhymenium (30–50 μm vs. 20 μm) (Knudsen et al. 2021 a). The dull brown surface of thallus was also found in T. terricola, but it differs in having rhizohyphae in root-like bundles and IKI- ascus (Knudsen 2007; Knudsen and Lendemer 2016). Trimmatothelopsis shandongensis also shares some features with T. anthracina: the blackish brown areolate thallus with completely immersed apothecia and IKI + blue ascus, but T. shandongensis differs in its uncarbonized apothecia and IKI + red hymenial gel.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Shandong Province: Yantai City, Muping District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.72001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.25818" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.72001/lat 37.25818)">Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve, the steep slope near the road</a>, 37°15'29.44"N, 121°43'12.02"E, alt. 304 m, on non-calcareous rock, 23 Nov. 2024, J. X. Wang et al. 20242240 b (SDNU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C14B6BC00F05D3DBE56136D12EA845E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Jiaxin;Liang, Fuhui;Zhao, Zuntian;Hu, Ling	Wang, Jiaxin, Liang, Fuhui, Zhao, Zuntian, Hu, Ling (2025): Three new taxa of lichen genus Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from China. MycoKeys 120: 277-293, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.158033
