taxonID	type	description	language	source
0D31EF27FFECFFCCBEB1B9DEFD2B2D8E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂ (MHNG), Saudi Arabia, Al Bahah, Al Mukwah, Dhi Ayn Archeological Village, 11. v. 2011, 20 ° 12 ′ 39.7 ″ N, 41 ° 26 ′ 30.2 ″ E, 741 m. Paratype ♀ (KSMA), same data.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFECFFCCBEB1B9DEFD2B2D8E.taxon	description	Description. General coloration yellowish brown, tergites III – VI with a dark median mark. Carapace 1.1 × longer than broad, slightly constricted posteriorly and there reticulated (Fig. 1 a); two small eyes with distinct lenses present, about one diameter from anterior margin; epistome (Fig. 1 b) broad and dentate; 16 long setae (4 + 1 pair preocular seta / 4 / 4 / 2 / 2); tergal chaetotaxy: I – IV 4, VI – IX 6, X 4, XI 6 (2 tactile setae). Manducatory process acute, with 2 setae; pedipalpal coxa 3 (one discal seta in basal third), coxa I 3 long setae and one tiny seta on anterior margin + 4 – 5 dentate (median one apparently smooth) coxal spines in single row, II 4 setae + 5 – 6 dentate (median one apparently smooth) coxal spines (Fig. 1 f), III 7 setae, IV 8 setae, intercoxal tubercle absent. Anterior genital operculum of ♂ (not observable in ♀) with 9 marginal and discal setae, genital opening of ♂ slit-like triangular (Fig. 1 g), with 7 – 8 unmodified marginal setae on each side; sternal chaetotaxy III – XI (♂): 8 + 3 pairs suprastigmal setae / 8 + 3 pairs suprastigmal setae / 9 (2 lateral setae on each side tiny) / 8 (lateral setae tiny) / 8 (lateral setae short) / 8 / 8 / 9 / 0. Chelicera (Fig. 1 c): hand with 4 long and 2 – 3 shorter, basal, accessory setae, fixed finger with 10 – 11 acute teeth, movable finger with 11 – 14 small acute teeth and one slightly isolated distal tooth; subgaleal seta in basal third of movable finger; galea tubercle-like (slightly larger in ♀ than in ♂), serrula exterior 14 – 17 lamellae, rallum with about 9 setae with long denticles. Pedipalps (Fig. 1 d, e): trochanter 1.6 (♀ 1.6) × longer than broad, femur 4.9 (♀ 5.0) ×, patella 2.3 (♀ 2.2) × longer than broad, hand 2.0 (♀ 1.9) ×, chela 6.4 (♀ 6.2) × longer than deep, fixed finger 2.2 (♀ 2.3) × longer than hand; fixed finger with 33 – 35 acute, erect teeth, in distal half, of alternating length and in saw-like arrangement, movable finger shorter than the fixed one, with 37 – 39 low retrorse teeth; trichobothrium ist twice nearer to esb than to est. Leg I: femur 5.1 (♀ 4.8.) × longer than deep and 1.6 × longer than patella, patella 3.4 (♀ 3.7) ×, tibia 5.0 (♀ 4.4) ×, tarsus 9.9 (♀ 9.4) × longer than deep; leg IV: femur + patella 2.4 (2.4) ×, tibia 4.0 (♀ 4.1) ×, basitarsus 3.1 (♀ 3.2) ×, telotarsus 9.9 × (♀: broken) longer than deep and 1.5 × longer than basitarsus. Measurements of ♂ (♀) in mm: Total length 1.27 (1.91). Carapace (length / breadth) 0.44 / 0.40 (0.48 / 0.44). Pedipalps (length / breadth): trochanter 0.17 / 0.11 (0.19 / 0.12), femur 0.55 / 0.11 (0.61 / 0.12), patella 0.23 / 0.10 (0.25 / 0.12), hand length / depth 0.24 / 0.12 (0.26 / 0.14), length of fixed finger 0.54 (0.59), of movable finger 0.50 (0.53), of chela 0.77 (0.85). Leg I (length / depth): femur 0.30 / 0.06 (0.32 / 0.07), patella 0.19 / 0.05 (0.20 / 0.05), tibia 0.19 / 0.04 (0.17 / 0.04), tarsus 0.31 / 0.03 (0.31 / 0.03); leg IV: femur + patella 0.49 / 0.21 (0.50 / 0.21), tibia 0.31 / 0.08 (0.32 / 0.08), basitarsus 0.17 / 0.06 (0.18 / 0.06), telotarsus 0.33 / 0.03 (-). Affinities. The known geographical distribution of the 29 species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (28 extant and one fossil species) was previously restricted to sub-Saharan Africa and South America north to Mexico. Five species have been reported from Africa, and the new species seems to be morphologically similar to those from central and eastern Africa. Whereas trichobothrium ist is approximately halfway between esb and est in P. billae Vachon, 1941 (Ivory Coast) and P. leleupi Beier, 1959 (Zaïre), ist originates> 2 × closer to esb than to est in P. congicus Beier, 1959 (Zaïre) and P. perreti Mahnert, 1986 (Kenya). Pseudochthonius arabicus is distinguishable from the latter two species by its much larger size (chela length 0.77 – 0.85 mm, versus 0.38 mm in P. perreti or 0.53 mm in P. congicus). Furthermore it differs from P. congicus in having a distinct epistome (lacking in P. congicus) and from P. perreti by the presence of distinct, lensed eyes (eyes indistinct, without lenses, in P. perreti). The presence of this genus in the southwestern mountains of the Arabian Peninsula confirms the affinity of this region with the Afrotropical faunal realm.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFECFFCCBEB1B9DEFD2B2D8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type locality (Fig. 2 a, b) is a national archaeological site that is completely surrounded by mountains. It forms part of the upper Tihama Territory, belonging to Al Bahah Province. The locality has a high diversity of native vegetation, but numerous fruits are cultivated (e. g. banana, date palm and Ficus), along with alfalfa, and lemon orchards have been planted. There are several permanent drainages and localized soil moisture is higher than in surrounding regions. The holotype male of P. arabicus was found under a stone next to a large, older Ficus tree, close to a small stream that is part of an agricultural irrigation ditch system (Fig. 2 c). Two ant (Formicidae) species were found with the new pseudoscorpion: Pheidole pallidula (Nylander, 1849) and Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877. Additionally, several other myrmecophilous arthropods were collected in the same area, including: Centrophthalmus subtilissimus Hlaváč, 2013 (Coleoptera: Pselaphinae); Pinophilinus spinosus Assing, 2013; an undescribed Peltodonia sp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and unidentified species of the family Anthicidae (Coleoptera). The paratype female was collected by sifting leaf litter under banana in company with the ants Carebara arabica Collingwood & Van Harten, 2001, Tapinoma wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012, Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel, 1881, Hypoponera sp. and Messor sp.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE9FFCCBEB1B84FFC6D2CE6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Al Bahah, W. Turabah, Al Mandaq, 14. v. 2011, 20 ° 12 ′ 39.7 ″ N, 41 ° 17 ′ 17.6 ″ E, 1793 m, found under rocks, near Acacia tree: 2 ♂; same locality and habitat, 10. V. 2011: 2 ♂.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE9FFCCBEB1B84FFC6D2CE6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species seems to be restricted to the southwestern mountains of Saudi Arabia. It was described from Makkah district at altitudes of 1600 to 1910 m (Mahnert 1991).	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE9FFCCBEB1BFD7FE2C297F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Al Urdiyah Government, W. Qonouna, 12. V. 2011, 353 m, 19 ° 25 ′ 45.7 ″ N, 41 ° 36 ′ 18.1 ″ E: 1 ♂ (MHNG).	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE9FFCCBEB1BFD7FE2C297F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is widely distributed in central, southern and eastern Africa and Madagascar (Harvey 2013). It is recorded for the first time from the Arabian Peninsula, representing an additional element of the Afrotropical fauna in the region. The specimen is characterized by its genital morphology, in agreement with the description and figure in Klausen (2005). Additionally, the following characters are diagnostic for this taxon. Pedipalps: trochanter 1.7 × longer than broad (0.46 mm / 0.27 mm), femur 2.3 × (0.74 / 0.33), patella 2.0 × (0.77 / 0.39), hand with pedicel 1.8 × (0.87 / 0.47), chela with pedicel 2.8 × (1.31 / 0.47) longer than broad, hand with pedicel 1.5 × longer than finger (length 0.57 mm), finger 1.21 × longer than hand breadth; fixed finger with 30, movable finger with 47 teeth. Leg I: femur 1.3 × longer than deep (0.26 / 0.20), patella 2.2 × (0.46 / 0.21), tibia 3.3 × (0.44 / 0.13), tarsus 4.1 × (0.39 / 0.09); leg IV: femur + patella 2.8 × (0.78 / 0.28), tibia 3.6 × (0.60 / 0.17), tarsus 3.6 × (0.40 / 0.11) longer than deep.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE9FFCCBEB1BC5FFAB828D7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Al Bahah, W. Elzaraeb, 9. V. 2011, 2086 m, 20 ° 04 ′ 24.3 ″ N, 41 ° 23 ′ 12.3 ″ E: 1 ♀. Khamis Mushayt, W. Ben Hashbal, 26. IV. 2011, 18 ° 35 ′ 41.3 ″ N, 42 ° 39 ′ 01.3 ″ E, 1892 m: 1 ♀.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE9FFCCBEB1BC5FFAB828D7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described from three localities in the southwestern mountains of Saudi Arabia and appears to be restricted to this area. It is well characterized by its slender pedipalps and genital morphology.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE8FFCDBEB1BB8FFB282B5D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Al Urdiyah Government, W. Qonouna, 12. v. 2011, 353 m, 19 ° 25 ′ 45.7 ″ N, 41 ° 36 ′ 18.1 ″ E: 2 ♂, 1 deutonymph. Al Bahah, Al Mukwah, Dhi Ayn Archeological Village, 11. v. 2011, 20 ° 12 ′ 39.7 ″ N, 1 ° 26 ′ 30.2 E, 741 m: 6 ♂, 9 ♀, 2 tritonymphs + 24 specimens (adults and nymphs). Al Bahah, W. Turabah, Al Mandaq, 14. v. 2011, 20 ° 12 ′ 39.7 ″ N, 41 ° 17 ′ 17.6 ″ E, 1793 m: 1 ♂ (under a rock, next to an Acacia tree, in company with the ant Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758 )). Asir Province, W. Jallah, 16. v. 2011, 20 ° 08 ′ 04.1 ″ N, 41 ° 20 ′ 34.4 ″ E: 2 ♂.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
0D31EF27FFE8FFCDBEB1BB8FFB282B5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens listed above exhibit the major characters of this cosmopolitan synanthropic species, as defined by Heurtault (1971). Mahnert (1980) described the new species Withius arabicus from this same area, Dorf Qaraah (Al Qar’a or Al Gar’a Abha, Asir Province, 2000 m, 18.24080 ° N, 42.48965 ° E; Wadi Marba (near the Abha-Jazan road, approximately 53 km from Jazan), Khamis-Mushyat, 17.9000 ° N, 42.3833 ° E, 2050 m). The separation of these species is consistent: Withius arabicus has the distal position of trichobothrium est on the fixed chelal finger, smaller and also slightly more slender pedipalps. The number of setae in the sternal glandular patches in the males is variable in both species. Withius arabicus was not collected during this study. Ecological observations. In Al Bahah, Withius piger was collected by sifting leaf litter under banana and Ficus trees. Several ant species were found coexisting with this species, including Tetramorium hirsutum Collingwood & van Harten, 2005; Tapinoma wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood and Lepisiota obtusa (Emery, 1901). This pseudoscorpion was also collected by sifting leaf litter under Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). In Wadi Qonouna, it was collected from beneath a date palm tree, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae), in loose sandy soil with a high moisture content and among roots of small Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) plants. The specimens were in company with Monomorium kondratieffi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013 and Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894. Other ant species occurring in the area included Monomorium destructor (Jerdon, 1851), M. mayri Forel, 1902, Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857), T. sericeiventre Emery, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802), Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi (Mayr, 1904), Cardiocondyla sp., Pheidole sp. and Lepisiota sp.	en	Mahnert, Volker, Sharaf, Mostafa, Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2014): Further records of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Saudi Arabia. Zootaxa 3764 (3): 387-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.8
