taxonID	type	description	language	source
0C500A5FF1620707FF5E58CDFD6EF94D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Leduc 2013). Cuticle with lateral differentiation consisting of longitudinal rows of larger punctuations. Outer labial sensillae and cephalic setae in one circle, cephalic setae slightly longer than outer labial sensillae. Buccal cavity consisting of two parts: anterior portion of buccal cavity funnel-shaped, with twelve cuticularised rhabdions, posterior portion of buccal cavity narrower, surrounded by three Y-shaped pairs of slender rhabdions, tail long.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1620707FF5E58CDFD6EF94D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Bendiella thalassa Leduc, 2013 Other species: Bendiella vivipara n. sp.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1620703FF5E5A3AFCFDFE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, slide 20140901. Specimen collected from Beibu Gulf, South China Sea in August 2011, coordinates: 21.191 ° N, 109.562 ° E, water depth 9.5 m, surface sediment layer (0 – 10 cm), muddy sediment. Paratypes, three males, slide 20140702 – slide 20140704, specimens collected from Beibu Gulf, South China Sea in August 2011, coordinates: 20.788 ° N, 109.535 ° E, water depth 10.2 m, surface sediment layer (0 – 10 cm), muddy sediment; three females (slide 20140305 – slide 20140307, coordinates: 21.226 ° N, 108.751 ° E, water depth 16 m, surface sediment layer (0 – 10 cm), muddy sediment.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1620703FF5E5A3AFCFDFE4E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is related to viviparity of the female.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1620703FF5E5A3AFCFDFE4E.taxon	description	Description. Males. Body cylindrical, anterior end blunt, not set off. Cuticle transversely striated with transverse rows of punctations, lateral differentiation of cuticle beginning at a short distance posterior to the amphids down to the tail, consisting of 2 – 4 longitudinal rows of larger dots (two rows anteriorly, four rows from posterior end of pharynx to anterior intestine and three rows posteriorly to anterior intestine to the level of cloacal). Somatic setae short and sparse, irregularly spaced. Amphid spiral with five turns, inner labial papillae short, six outer labial papillae smaller than inner labial papillae situated on the same level with the four cephalic setae. Buccal cavity large, consisting of two parts including a wide anterior and a narrower posterior portion. Anterior portion of buccal cavity cylindrical with twelve cuticularised rhabdions, posterior buccal cavity surrounded by three “ V ” shaped pairs of rhabdions. About twelve denticles which are extensions of the anterior rhabdions present at the border of anterior and posterior portions of the buccal cavity. Pharynx larger around the stoma, and slightly wider towards its base but without a posterior bulb. Nerve ring not distinct, cardia short and triangular. Secretoryexcretory system with renette cell present, ampulla and pore at about 58 % of the pharynx from the anterior end. Intestinal cells contain masses of granules. Male with paired outstretched testes, anterior testis on right of intestine, posterior testis on left of intestine. Three conoid precloacal papillae, the anterior one situated about 38 µm from cloacal opening. Arcuate paired spicules of similar length, tapering distally. Gubernaculum comprising a pair of lateral pieces without apophyses, about 24 µm long. Tail with an anterior conoid and posterior cylindrical part. Sparse setae irregularly distributed on the tail. Spinneret 10 µm long. Adult females similar to males. Reproductive system didelphic with two reflexed ovaries. The anterior ovary contains three to four embryos indicative of an ovoviviparous mode of reproduction. Vulva with thick walls situated slightly anterior of median body. Intestine blind. Anus not observed.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1620703FF5E5A3AFCFDFE4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Bendiella vivipara n. sp. is characterized by having an amphideal fovea with five turns, the anterior portion of buccal cavity surrounded by 12 cuticularised rhabdions, each with one pair of pointed projections at the posterior extremity, forming 12 denticles between the two chambers. The posterior chamber is an inverted pyramid surrounded by three V-shaped pairs of cuticularised rhabdions. The new species lacks a posterior pharyngeal bulb, and has a conico-cylindroid tail. Males have plain arcuate spicules, the gubernaculum is arcuate, without apophyses, in addition, they have three papillose precloacal supplements and female is ovoviviparous. Differential diagnosis. Bendiella vivipara n. sp. is morphologically close to Bendiella thalassa Leduc, 2013 in the structure of the buccal cavity, the head sensillae pattern and the shape of the long tail. Both species have a lateral differentiation of the cuticle, i. e. longitudinal rows of larger dots. The new species differs from Bendiella thalassa in a smaller number of amphidial fovea turns (five turns vs 5.25 turns), the presence of three precloacal supplements and an ovoviviparous mode of reproduction.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1650700FF5E5DEBFC8FFE10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Fonseca & Bezerra 2014). Sphaerolaimidae. Buccal cavity has six anterior and three posterior, circularly arranged elements. The anterior-most part of the inner pharyngeal wall transformed into six plates. Longitudinal ribs of the lip region in all juvenile stages correspond to a uniform pattern that differs from that of the adults. Eight groups of subcephalic setae present in all juvenile stages and adults.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF1650700FF5E5DEBFC8FFE10.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Parasphaerolaimus paradoxus Ditlevsen, 1918	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF165070FFF5E5969FACEFDA3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, slide 20110907. The specimen was collected from mangrove wetland nature reserve of the Zhangjiang Estuary in the northern South China Sea, coordinates: 23.930 ° N, 117.417 ° E, surface sediment layer (0 – 10 cm), muddy sediment. Paratypes, three females and one juvenile, slide 20110908, slide 20110909 and slide 20110998. Specimens were also collected from the same location, coordinates: 23.923 ° – 23.932 ° N, 117.413 ° – 24.415 ° E, surface sediment layer (0 – 10 cm), muddy sediment.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF165070FFF5E5969FACEFDA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the elder son of the first author Sujing Fu.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF165070FFF5E5969FACEFDA3.taxon	description	Description. Male body stout. Cuticle faintly striated with lateral longitudinal unstriated band extending from about the middle of the pharynx to the anterior two-thirds of the tail. Internal labial papillae, six external labial setae (3 µm) and four cephalic setae (5 µm) in one circle, situated posterior to the level of the distal end of the first cuticularised articulated plates. Somatic setae about 6 µm long, numerous in the pharyngeal region and sparse elsewhere. Amphids circular with a posterior break. Buccal cavity in two parts. The anterior portion large, 93 µm deep and 73 µm wide, with six strongly cuticularised articulated plates (196 µm long in total), posterior portion, 40 µm deep and 22 µm wide, with strongly cuticularised rim. Posterior portion of buccal cavity surrounded by pharyngeal tissue. Pharynx cylindrical. Cardia triangular. Nerve ring not observed. Secretory-excretory system not observed. Anterior testis single, outstretched. Spicules, slightly arcuate, with swollen proximal ends and pointed distal ends. Gubernaculum without apophyses, parallel to the spicules. Tail conico-cylindrical, with caudal glands. Long and sparse caudal setae present sub-ventrally, three very long terminal setae, 32 µm long. Females s imilar to males but with a shorter body length and weaker maximum body diameter, smaller mean value of a and smaller amphid diameters. Reproductive system monodelphic, with anterior ovary situated at the right of intestine. Female gonad consisting of about nine oocytes with granular cytoplasm and clear nucleus. Posterior to the oocytes region is a sequence of developing eggs and shelled embryos. One uterus can contain about nine fertilized eggs and embryos, and sometimes a few hatched juveniles. Vagina situated far posteriorly and about 91 µm from the anal opening. No vulvar glands observed.	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
0C500A5FF165070FFF5E5969FACEFDA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. is characterized by a relatively long body (1286 – 2490 µm), buccal cavity consisting of six strongly cuticularised articulating plates anteriorly and strongly cuticularised rim posteriorly, cuticle with lateral longitudinal unstriated bands, gubernaculum without apophyses and parallel with spicules. Tail conico-cylindrical with three long terminal setae. Differential diagnosis. Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. can be differentiated from the seven species P. paradoxus, P. antiae, P. brevisetosus, P. crassus, P. dispar, P. lodosus and P. polaris by the presence of lateral longitudinal unstriated bands or alae on cuticle. Furthermore, large values of V-index are known for some other species in the Sphaerolaimidae family, such as V = 69 % in P. antiae, V = 55.5 % – 67.1 % in P. pilosus, V = 62 % & 71 % in Sphaerolaimus kleini Jensen, 1992, V = 76.6 % – 79.6 % in S. pacificus Allgén, 1947 and V = 83 % in P. lodosus, but not as great as in Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. which has very high V-index (85 %). Position of the vulva very close to the anus in the new species is unique for the family. The new species has a buccal cavity similar to P. paradoxus but differs from this species by shorter cervical setae (6 µm vs 24 – 34 µm), swollen proximal ends of spicules and gubernaculum without apophyses. The new species differs from P. antiae which has irregularly shaped plates in the buccal cavity. In addition, Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Parasphaerolaimus by much longer spicules (109 µm) and gubernaculum (48 µm).	en	Cai, Lizhe (2017): Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea. Zootaxa 4317 (1): 95-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.4
