identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
136387F1852A48535708FBB60FFFFE55.text	136387F1852A48535708FBB60FFFFE55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echiniscus bigranulatus Richters 1908	<div><p>Echiniscus bigranulatus Richters, 1908 (Figs. 1–20, 72)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Neotype – 1 adult female from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, South America (from the Binda &amp; Pilato Collection, University of Catania, Italy, slide no. 4414); 14 adults (7 mounted in Hoyer’s medium and 7 prepared for SEM) from Costa Rica, Central America (near the road from Pacayas to Turrialba, 27.5 km before Turrialba; moss from soil); 1 adult from Pichinchia, Ecuador, South America (from the Binda &amp; Pilato Collection, University of Catania, Italy, slide no. 4779); 1 adult from Cistre, Argentina, South America (from the Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen Collection, University of Copenhagen, Denmark).</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Adult female (measurements of the neotype): Body length 202.4 (Figs. 1–4). Body red. Red eyes visible in living specimens only. Internal cirrus 13.8 long, external cirrus 18.1 long; internal/external cirrus ratio = 0.76. Cephalic papilla 7.6 long. Apart from head cirri and cirrus A no other appendices present. Cirrus A 47.5 long, ending in a point. Cirrus A/body ratio = 0.23. Clava 6.7 long.</p><p>Dorsal (plate) cuticle with true pores and without granulation (Figs. 5–12). Cuticle appearance in SEM: surface smooth without granules, strongly porous. Pores large (1.0 in diameter) (Figs. 7–8), smaller on the anterior portion of median plate II (0.5 in diameter).</p><p>‘Sponge layer’ absent, large pillars present (Figs. 11–12, 72). Undeveloped pillars in shape of blunt projections visible under pores. Cuticle visible in PCM: pores visible as bright fields, cuticular pillars appear as dark dots. Pores on the same focus level as pillars (Figs. 5–6). Both pores and cuticular pillars very well focusable. Ventral cuticle with very fine, dense and regular granulation.</p><p>All plates well developed with the same sculpture, but anterior part of median plate II with smaller pores (ca. 0.5 in diameter) (Figs. 13–14). Head and scapular plates not faceted. In LM lateral portions of scapular plate seem to be detached from the dorsal plate and form small shoulder plates (one on each side of the body) divided from the scapular plate by a thin bright stripe. This false division is caused by a bend of plate where cuticle is thinner; in SEM this division is not visible. Third median plate present and well developed (Figs. 15–16). Terminal plate faceted. Notches 19.0 long.</p><p>Spine on legs I in shape of narrow triangle, 2.9 long. Papilla on legs IV finger­like, 4.8 long (Figs. 17–19). Dentate collar with fine granulation in LM (small, shallow depressions in SEM), and with 12 sharp, triangular teeth (Figs. 17–19).</p><p>Claws of legs IV 11.0 long. External claws of all legs without spurs, internal claws of all legs with spur, directed downwards, growing out of claw at ca. 35o (Figs. 18–20). Spur on claws of legs IV relatively large (2.7 long; spur/claw ratio = 0.25). Claws of legs I–III slightly shorter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Results of simple statistical analysis of measurements of selected morphological structures for 7 specimens from Costa Rica are given in Table 1. No males, juveniles, larvae and eggs were found.</p><p>All of the specimens found across South and Central America are very similar, therefore we have assumed that the intraspecific variability in E. bigranulatus is low.</p><p>According to the original description claws are devoid of the spurs, while all specimens that we have examined had spurs on internal claws of all legs. We think that spurs could have been overlooked, due to a relatively low angle in which they grow out of the claw. Sometimes, when claws are very closely arranged to each other, spurs are difficult to identify.</p><p>Geographic distribution</p><p>Known from South and Central America. Records of this species in Africa need to be reconfirmed, however it seems to be very likely that the South African specimens belong to a different species.</p><p>Type depositories</p><p>Neotype and 3 specimens from Costa Rica are preserved at the Natural Sciences Collection, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland; 3 specimens from Costa Rica are preserved in the collection of Ł. Michalczyk.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name ‘ bigranulatus ’ was given by Ferdinand Richters as he probably thought that dorsal plates are covered with ‘double granulation’.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>For comparisons with other species of the bigranulatus group see Tables 7–8.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/136387F1852A48535708FBB60FFFFE55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michalczyk, Łukasz;Kaczmarek, Łukasz	Michalczyk, Łukasz, Kaczmarek, Łukasz (2006): Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America. Zootaxa 1154: 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172226
136387F1852C48585708FDDB0FFFFD1A.text	136387F1852C48585708FDDB0FFFFD1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echiniscus madonnae	<div><p>Echiniscus madonnae sp. nov (Figs. 21–42, 74)</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult female (measurements of the holotype): body length 289.8 (Figs. 21–24). Body red. Red eyes visible in living specimens only. Internal cirrus 16.2 long, external cirrus 26.1 long; internal/external cirrus ratio = 0.62. Cephalic papilla 11.4 long. Apart from head cirri and cirrus A no other appendices present. Cirrus A 61.8 long, ending in a point. Cirrus A/body ratio = 0.21. Clava 7.6 long.</p><p>Dorsal (plate) cuticle with pseudopores (hollows) and with true granulation (Figs. 25– 30). Granules (true granulation, on cuticle surface) present between scapular and first paired plates, on stripes in anterior portions of paired plates, in anterior part of second median plate, and between second paired plates and terminal plate (Figs. 35–38). Granules variable in size (0.5–1.5 in diameter). Cuticle appearance in SEM: pseudopores large (1.0 in diameter) and up to 1.0 deep (Figs. 29–30, 32). ‘Sponge layer’ very well developed, small pillars present (Figs. 31–32, 74). Cuticle visible in PCM: Pseudopores visible as bright, unfocusable fields; when focusing down through cuticle cuticular pillars appear as small dark focusable dots (Figs. 25–26). Ventral cuticle with very fine, dense and regular granulation. This granulation is caused by dense cuticular pillars (Figs. 33–34).</p><p>Plates well developed. Head and scapular plates not faceted. In LM lateral portions of scapular plate seem to be detached from the dorsal plate and form small shoulder plates (one on each side of the body) divided from the scapular plate by a thin bright stripe. This false division is caused by a bend of the plate where cuticle is thinner; in SEM this division is not visible. Third median plate absent, area between second paired plates and terminal plate covered with granules which merge in anterior portion and form a narrow ridge (Figs. 37–38). Terminal plate faceted. Notches 21.9 long.</p><p>Spine on legs I in shape of narrow triangle, 4.3 long. Papilla on legs IV finger­like, 5.7 long (Figs. 39–40). Dentate collar with the same sculpture as dorsal plates but pseudopores are smaller and more shallow, and with 14 sharp, triangular teeth (Figs. 39–40).</p><p>Claws of legs IV 17.1 long. External claws of all legs without spurs, internal claws of all legs with a relatively large spur, directed downwards, growing out of claw at ca. 45o (Figs. 41–42). Spur on claws of legs IV 3.8 long; spur/claw ratio = 0.22. Claws of legs I– III slightly shorter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Results of simple statistical analysis of measurements of selected morphological structures for 24 randomly chosen adult specimens are given in Table 2 and for all found juvenile specimens in Table 3. No males, larvae and eggs were found.</p><p>The third median plate is never present in juvenile specimens, but area between the second paired plates and terminal plate is covered with granules. In most adults third median plate is also absent, however in larger specimens granules tend to merge (usually in the area close to the second paired plates and/or close to the terminal plate) and form a ridge/two ridges which could be classified as a partially developed third median plate (Figs. 37–38).</p><p>Geographic distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Type depositories</p><p>Holotype and 9 paratypes are preserved at the Natural Sciences Collection, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland; 20 paratypes are preserved in the collection of Ł. Michalczyk.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>We take great pleasure in dedicating this species to one of the most significant artists of our times, Madonna Louise Veronica Ritchie.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>For comparisons with other species of the bigranulatus group see Tables 7–8.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/136387F1852C48585708FDDB0FFFFD1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michalczyk, Łukasz;Kaczmarek, Łukasz	Michalczyk, Łukasz, Kaczmarek, Łukasz (2006): Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America. Zootaxa 1154: 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172226
136387F1852748465708F9510FFEF9D4.text	136387F1852748465708F9510FFEF9D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis Nickel, Miller & Marley 2001	<div><p>Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis Nickel, Miller &amp; Marley, 2001 (Figs. 43–68, 73)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Two paratypes (1 adult and 1 juvenile), from Ollantaytambo, Peru, South America; 42 Description</p><p>Adult female (measurements of a female from Puno, Peru): body length 375.3 (Figs. 43–46). Body red. Red eyes visible in living specimens only. Internal cirrus 14.3 long, external cirrus 41.8 long; internal/external cirrus ratio = 0.34. Cephalic papilla 9.5 long. Apart from head cirri and cirrus A no other appendices present. Cirrus A 87.4 long, ending in a point. Cirrus A/body ratio = 0.23. Clava 9.5 long.</p><p>Dorsal (plate) cuticle with true pores, pseudopores (hollows) and with true granulation (Figs. 47–52). Granules (true granulation, on cuticle surface) present between scapular and first paired plate (small granules, ca. 0.3–0.5 in diameter), on stripes in anterior portions of paired plates, in anterior part of second median plate, and between third median plate and terminal plate (larger granules, ca. 0.5–1.5 in diameter). Granules often connected by strips of cuticle, so spaces between granules and stripes form shallow pseudopores (hollows) (Figs. 51, 57). Granulated areas change smoothly into areas with pores and pillars (Figs. 51, 60). Cuticle appearance in SEM: pores large (1.0–2.0 in diameter) (Figs.51–52). ‘Sponge layer’ narrow, large pillars present (Figs. 53–54, 73). Cuticle visible in PCM: Pores and pseudopores visible as bright, fields; when focusing down through cuticle, cuticular pillars appear as dark dots (Figs. 47–50). Pores, pseudopores and cuticular pillars very well focusable. Ventral cuticle with very fine, dense and regular granulation.</p><p>All plates well developed. Head and scapular plates not faceted. In LM lateral portions of scapular plate seem to be detached from the dorsal plate and form small shoulder plates (one on each side of the body) divided from the scapular plate by a thin bright stripe. This false division is caused by a bend of the plate where cuticle is thinner; in SEM this division is not visible. Third median plate present and developed anteriorly (Figs. 59–60). Terminal plate faceted. Notches 23.8 long.</p><p>Spine on legs I in shape of short triangle, 4.8 long. Papilla on legs IV finger­like, 5.7 long (Figs. 63–64). Dentate collar with fine granulation and faint pseudopores in LM (small, shallow pseudopores in SEM), and with 9 sharp, triangular teeth with wide bases (Figs. 61–65).</p><p>Claws of legs IV 24.7 long. External claws of all legs without spurs, internal claws of all legs with a relatively small spur, curved downwards, growing out of claw at ca. 90o (Figs. 66–68). Spur on claws of legs IV 2.9 long; spur/claw ratio = 0.12. Claws of legs I– III slightly shorter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Results of simple statistical analysis of measurements of selected morphological structures for 13 randomly chosen adult specimens are given in Table 4, for all found juvenile specimens in Table 5, and for all found larvae in Table 6. One exuvium with three round eggs was found (eggs ca. 100.0 in diameter).</p><p>The anterior portion of the second median plate is granulated in smaller individuals (Fig. 55) and in larger specimens apart from the granules there are also pseudopores present (Figs. 56–57).</p><p>There are some discrepancies regarding the occurrence of the third median plate between the original description (Nickel et al. 2001), photomicrographs in the original description and our observations on the type material and specimens found in Puno. The authors of the description state that the third median plate is absent, however it can be noted on the photomicrographs which they provided in the paper. From our observations we conclude that larvae and juvenile specimens do not have the third median plate, but the area between the second paired plates and the terminal plate is covered with granules (Fig. 58). In adults the third median plate is present (Figs. 59–60), however in smaller specimens it may be not fully developed and limited to the anterior portion.</p><p>The authors of the original description state also yellow colour of the body and that the body length varies between 180.0 and 275.0. In the population from Puno (including larvae) body length extremes are 147.3 and 467.4. and colour was more reddish. These differences are probably due to different environmental conditions in which two population have lived.</p><p>Type depositories</p><p>Holotype and 9 paratypes are preserved at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2 paratypes are preserved in the collection of Ł. Michalczyk.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species was named in honour of the ancient Inca ‘Temple of the Sun’, Ollantaytambo, Peru, near where it was found.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>For comparisons with other species of the bigranulatus group see Tables 7–8.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/136387F1852748465708F9510FFEF9D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michalczyk, Łukasz;Kaczmarek, Łukasz	Michalczyk, Łukasz, Kaczmarek, Łukasz (2006): Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America. Zootaxa 1154: 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172226
136387F1853948425708F95A0FF7FD85.text	136387F1853948425708F95A0FF7FD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echiniscus ranzii Ramazzotti 1964	<div><p>Echiniscus ranzii Ramazzotti, 1964 (Figs. 69–71)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Syntype, slide no. CT 12742, mounted in Faure’s medium, from Cerro del Pajonal, Chile, South America (The Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci Collection, Museum of Verona, Italy).</p><p>Description</p><p>Based mainly on the data from Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci (1983). Body length 124.0 to 320.0, including larvae (syntype: 171.0) (Fig. 69). Body red. Red eyes visible in living specimens only. Internal/external cirrus ratio ca. 0.33–0.50. Apart from head cirri and cirrus A, no other appendices present. Cirrus A 128.0–200.0 long (syntype: 87.4), ending in a point. Cirrus A/body ratio 0.50–0.90, mean = 0.66 ± 0.03 (syntype: 0.51).</p><p>number of specimens/structures measured). Specimens from population found in Peru.</p><p>Dorsal (plate) cuticle probably with true pores and with true granulation. Granules (true granulation, on cuticle surface) present on stripes in anterior portions of paired plates and in anterior part of second median plate. Granules variable in size (0.5–1.0 in diameter). Cuticle appearance in PCM: pores visible as bright, cuticular pillars appear as dark dots. Pores and cuticular pillars very well focusable, at same level.</p><p>All plates well developed. Head and scapular plates not faceted. Third median plate present and well developed, in smaller specimens developed anteriorly. Terminal plate faceted. Notches in syntype 14.3 long.</p><p>Small spine on legs I, papilla and dentate collar with 4–9 teeth on legs IV. External claws of legs IV with a single or double spur, internal claws of all legs with a relatively small spur, directed downwards (Figs. 70–71). Sometimes spurs present also on external claws of legs I–III or just some of them.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Since we were able to examine only one syntype and the original description was written forty years ago, the description of this species is relatively poor in comparison to other species within the bigranulatus group. However a set of characters makes this species very easily recognisable among other known members of the group (e.g., a very high Cirrus A /body ratio and the presence of spurs on external claws).</p><p>Geographic distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Type depositories</p><p>Type specimens are preserved at the Museum of Verona, Italy.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species was named after Professor Silvio Ranzii .</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>For comparisons with other species of the bigranulatus group see Tables 7–8.</p><p>CHARACTER E. bigranulatus E. madonnae sp. nov. E.ollantaytamboensis E. ranzii</p><p>Richters, 1908 (type population) Miller et al., 2001 Ramazzotti, 1964 (neotype (from Puno, Peru) (original population) description and syntype)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/136387F1853948425708F95A0FF7FD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michalczyk, Łukasz;Kaczmarek, Łukasz	Michalczyk, Łukasz, Kaczmarek, Łukasz (2006): Revision of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group with a description of a new species Echiniscus madonnae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from South America. Zootaxa 1154: 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172226
