identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
123A9C28E37FFFFD25297B4D18F4F877.text	123A9C28E37FFFFD25297B4D18F4F877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Didymoplexis avaratraensis P. J. Cribb, Nusb. & L. Gaut. 2013	<div><p>Didymoplexis avaratraensis P. J. Cribb, Nusb. &amp; L. Gaut., spec. nova</p><p>(Fig. 1-3).</p><p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Diego-Suarez/ Antsiranana: sous-préfecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, forêt de Binara, 13°15’S 49°37’E, 818 m, fl., 12.XII.2005, Nusbaumer &amp; Ranirison 1763 (holo-: G [G00090146]! ; iso-: P, TAN!, research herbarium of Daraina).</p><p>Ab aliis speciebus Africanis Madagascariensibusque sepalislateralibus ad medium connatis, petalisac sepalo dorsali in parte infernus 1/5 adnatis, columna brachia apicalia brevia recurvata ad apicem acuta ferenti, labello sine seriebus verrucarum et callo ad apicem bilobato distinguendo.</p><p>Holomycotrophic herb up to 15 cm tall, stem beige, brown to blackish when old, growing from a subterranean elongated brownish tuberous rhizome. Leaves scale like, very small. Inflorescence erect, racemose, laxly few-flowered, the flowers opening one at a time and successively; peduncle slender, erect, bearing a small ovate bract below inflorescence, white or pale buff-coloured; rachis terete, slender; pedicel with longitudinal ridges 1.5-2 cm during flowering period; bracts ovate, acuminate, 1-1.5 mm long. Flowers with pink or white sepals and petals, flushed with red-brown in the centre, the lip pink or white with reddish brown sides, the callus spotted with yellow. Dorsal sepal strongly curved forward, lanceolate, rounded, 15 × 3.- 3.5 mm; lateral sepals somewhat recurved, fused in basal half, more or less parallel and slightly falcate, ovate, rounded, 13 × 4 mm. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 13 × 4.5 mm, decurved at tip, adnate in basal fifth with sepals. Lip narrowly clawed at base, obovate-spatulate, truncate, 5-6 × 7-8 mm, the sides upcurved, bearing three patches on the apical lip lamina; callus at base shortly erect and bilobed at tip. Column 5-6 mm long, slender at base, with short recurved apical arms, triangular, broader than long and acute at the tips, 0.7 mm long. Capsule unknown.</p><p>Etymology. – The specific epithet refers to the North (“Avaratra” in Malagasy) because the species occurs in the northern part of Madagascar.</p><p>Distribution. – The species is known from Toamasina and Antsiranana provinces in North-East Madagascar. Four populations each of between (4)-15-20 individuals were observed, with a total of about 65-75 individuals observed in all sites.</p><p>Habitat and ecology. – Didymoplexis avaratraensis was recorded in evergreen forest on metamorphic rock; up to 820 m. This terrestrial herb occurs in forests with dense canopies reaching 10 to 15 m, with emergent trees reaching 18 to 20 m, with two woody strata in the canopy at 4 to 5 m and at 1 to 1.5 m high, and with an absent, sparse or very sparse ground flora, the soil densely covered with dry fallen leaves.</p><p>The most frequent species recorded together with D. avaratraensis (considering the Loky-Manambato population) in vegetation surveys include, in decreasing abundance: Croton sp., Dypsis nodifera Mart., Ravenea sambiranensis Jum. &amp; H. Perrier, Dypsis aff. madagascariensis (Becc.) Beentje &amp; J. Dransf. and Noronhia sp.</p><p>Flowering time. – November to December.</p><p>Conservation Status. – With an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 2,022 km 2 and area of occupancy (AOO) of 300 km 2, and only one subpopulation collected and three subpopulations observed, all four in protected areas (Station Forestière à Usage Multiple de Loky-Manambato, Marojejy National Park and Mananara Nord National Park), Didymoplexisavaratraensis is assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” (VU D2) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012; calculation following CALLMANDER &amp; al. (2007) and performed with MOAT (2012) tools.</p><p>Notes. – Didymoplexis avaratraensis is clearly distinguished from the other African and Malagasy species of Didymoplexis known with flowers (CRIBB, 1984; CRIBB &amp; al., 2011) by its 2 lateral sepals fused to the mid-point while the remaining two petals and sepal are adnate together in the basal fifth, as well as by its column which has short recurved apical arms that are acute at the tips, and by its lip lacking rows of warts but with a bilobed callus at the apex. One observation of predation of flowering plants by some kind of invertebrate in one population is also interesting to note (Mark Clements, pers. comm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/123A9C28E37FFFFD25297B4D18F4F877	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cribb, Phillip;Gautier, Laurent;Nusbaumer, Louis	Cribb, Phillip, Gautier, Laurent, Nusbaumer, Louis (2013): How many species are there in the holomycotrophic genus Didymoplexis Griff. (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar? Candollea 68 (1): 41-49, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a3
123A9C28E37EFFFB25397BCB1BC5F8D3.text	123A9C28E37EFFFB25397BCB1BC5F8D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Didymoplexis recurvata P. J. Cribb, Nusb. & L. Gaut. 2013	<div><p>Didymoplexis recurvata P. J. Cribb, Nusb. &amp; L. Gaut., spec. nova</p><p>(Fig. 1, 4).</p><p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Diego-Suarez/ Antsiranana: sous-préfecture de Vohemar, commune rurale de Daraina, forêt de Binara, 13°15’S 49°37’E, fl., 985 m, 12.XII.2005, Nusbaumer &amp; Ranirison 1763 bis (holo-: G [G00181978]! ; iso-: TAN!, research herbarium of Daraina).</p><p>AffinisDidymoplexisavaratraensissed floribius albisvel roseis, sepalis petalisque latioribus, sepalis lateralibus tertiobasali adnatis, labello late obovato emarginato, callo elongato ad apicem trilobato et brachiisdolabriformibus pendentibus ad apicem columnae satis distinguenda.</p><p>Holomycotrophic herb up to 10 cm tall, growing from a subterranean elongated blackish tuberous rhizome. Leaves scale like, very small. Inflorescence erect, racemose, laxly up to 6- flowered, the flowers opening one at a time and successively; peduncle slender, erect, bearing a small ovate bract below inflorescence, white; rachis terete, slender; pedicel with longitudinal ridges; bracts ovate, acute, 1.5-2 mm long. Flowers with white sepals and petals and a white to rose-pink lip with a yellow callus, the column buff flushed. Dorsal sepal erect, lanceolate, subacute, 7-8 × 4-5 mm; lateral sepals adnate in basal third, ovate, rounded to subacute, 7-8 × 4-5 mm. Petals oblanceolate, acute, 7-8 × 5-7.5 mm, adnate in basal third to the sepals. Lip shortly narrowly clawed at base, very broadly obovate-spatulate, emarginate, 3.5-4 × 5-6 mm, slightly decurved at apex; callus on claw erect, dilated and 3-lobed at tip. Column 3.5-5 mm long, slender at base, strongly winged at apex, the wings dependent, recurved, rounded at tip, 1 mm long. Fruit unknown.</p><p>Etymology. – The specific epithet refers to the column with recurved apical arms bilobed at the tips.</p><p>Distribution. – The species is only known from the Binara forests in the Loky-Manambato (Daraina) region, in Antsiranana Province in North-East Madagascar. Only 15- 20 individuals were observed in one population in the Loky-Manambato region among the 54,000 plant occurrences recorded during the Loky-Manambato vegetation study (NUSBAUMER, 2011).</p><p>Habitat and ecology. – Didymoplexis recurvata was recorded in evergreen montane forest on metamorphic rock; at 985 m. This terrestrial herb occurs in forests with canopies reaching 11 to 15 m, emergent trees reaching 21 to 24 m and with a second aborescent stratum at 8 to 10 m, with two woody strata at 5 to 7 m and at 1 to 2 m high, and with a no herbaceous strata, the soil densely covered with dry leaves of trees.</p><p>The most frequent species recorded together with D. recurvata in Loky-Manambato vegetation surveys include, in decreasing abundance: Marojejya insignis Humbert, Ravenea sambiranensis Jum. &amp; H. Perrier, Dypsis nodifera Mart., Weinmanniadecora Tul., Syzygium condensatum (Baker) Labat &amp; G. E. Schatz, Plagioscyphus aff. louvelii Danguy &amp; Choux and Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. var. attenuatum .</p><p>Flowering time. – December.</p><p>Conservation Status. – With only one small subpopulation, included in the Loky-Manambato protected area, Didymoplexis recurvata is assigned a preliminary status of “Critically Endangered” (CR D) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012).</p><p>Notes. – Didymoplexis recurvata is clearly distinguished from the other African and Malagasy species of Didymoplexis known in flower by its column which has short recurved apical arms that are bilobed at the tips, as well as by its lip which lacks rows of warts but has at the base a tall apically trilobed entire callus and by its sepals and petals that are adnate in the basal third.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/123A9C28E37EFFFB25397BCB1BC5F8D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cribb, Phillip;Gautier, Laurent;Nusbaumer, Louis	Cribb, Phillip, Gautier, Laurent, Nusbaumer, Louis (2013): How many species are there in the holomycotrophic genus Didymoplexis Griff. (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar? Candollea 68 (1): 41-49, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a3
123A9C28E37AFFF825397CFA19C0F909.text	123A9C28E37AFFF825397CFA19C0F909.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Didymoplexis Griff.	<div><p>Key to flowering Didymoplexis in Africa and Madagascar</p><p>1. Two or more sepals or petals fused to the mid-point or more, petals and sepals 11-15 mm .................................. 2</p><p>1a Sepals or petals adnate in the basal third or less but none of them fused to the mid-point, petals and sepals 5-8 mm long................................................................................. 3</p><p>2. Lateral sepals fused to the mid-point, other sepal and petals free to the base or fused to a fifth of their length; column with short recurved triangular apical arms, broader than long and acute at the tips; sepals and petals white up to 15 mm long; lip with a low basal bilobed callus and strongly upcurved sides ......................... D. avaratraensis</p><p>2a All sepals and petals fused to the mid-point; column lacking apical arms; sepals and petals white, up to 12 mm long; lip flabellate, orbicular, distinctly clawed, apex of claw bearing a reflexed or retrorsely placed ligule-like callus ............ ........................................................................... D. africana</p><p>3 Column lacking apical arms; lip 3-lobed at the tip, with two lines of verrucose warts along length; sepals and petals white ............................................................ D. verrucosa</p><p>3a Column with recurved apical arms that are bilobed at the tips; lip broadly obovate-spatulate, lacking rows of warts, with sides only slightly upcurved, and a tall apically trilobed callus at the base; sepals and petals white, pink or brown ........................................................... D. recurvata</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/123A9C28E37AFFF825397CFA19C0F909	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cribb, Phillip;Gautier, Laurent;Nusbaumer, Louis	Cribb, Phillip, Gautier, Laurent, Nusbaumer, Louis (2013): How many species are there in the holomycotrophic genus Didymoplexis Griff. (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar? Candollea 68 (1): 41-49, DOI: 10.15553/c2013v681a3
