identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
116F4B33FFE9933BBC9BFC5B792DFBAF.text	116F4B33FFE9933BBC9BFC5B792DFBAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cixiidae Spinola 1839	<div><p>Cixiidae Spinola, 1839</p><p>Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/116F4B33FFE9933BBC9BFC5B792DFBAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes;Ale-Rocha, Rosaly	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): A review of the Neotropical genus Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with description of a new species and description of the male of Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 4577 (3): 561-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.9
116F4B33FFE9933BBC9BFCD67ADFFC24.text	116F4B33FFE9933BBC9BFCD67ADFFC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiptera Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/116F4B33FFE9933BBC9BFCD67ADFFC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes;Ale-Rocha, Rosaly	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): A review of the Neotropical genus Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with description of a new species and description of the male of Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 4577 (3): 561-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.9
116F4B33FFE99338BC9BFBC279CFFC24.text	116F4B33FFE99338BC9BFBC279CFFC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amazobenna Penny 1980	<div><p>Amazobenna Penny, 1980</p><p>Amazobenna Penny, 1980: 210, Figs. 1, 8. Type species: Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (original designation); Holzinger et Kunz 2006: 57, Figs. 7, 8 (head); Holzinger et al. 2013: 152 (key).</p><p>Diagnostic characters. Medium sized cixiid: body length 4.5–7.2 mm in males, 4.0– 7.5 mm in females. Body laterally compressed. Frons long, wider than vertex in middle, evenly rounded in lateral view, lacking transverse carina on dorsal border; median carina weakly marked; lateral carinae strongly produced and directed obliquely laterally (Figs. 3,4, 20, 22). Clypeus with median carina low, little evident, much lower than lateral carinae; lateral carinae strongly produced. Ocelli distinct. Scapus short, pedicellus cylindrical, as long as wide to slightly longer than wide (Figs. 5, 21). Pronotum with dorsal longitudinal carina distinct. Mesonotum with median and lateral longitudinal carinae present, but sometimes lateral carinae weakly marked (Figs. 4, 22). Fore wings long, widening distally, exceeding apex of abdomen for about half of the total length, apical margin round (Figs. 28,29). Cubital veins strongly curved toward anal margin of wing, reaching edge of wing at an almost straight angle. First cell of cubitus about ten times longer than wide. Metatibia with 6–7 apical spines; tarsus with 7+7–8 apical spines. Abdominal pleura of four and five segments with a process bearing 3 + 2 sensory pits, with one furcate seta each (Figs. 6, 23). Male terminalia: pygofer symmetrical, elongate and somewhat triangular in lateral view; anal segment rectangular in dorsal view; medioventral process conical in lateral view; genital styles elongate, symmetrical, curved upward; aedeagus robust with shaft and flagellum well developed, bearing long thorn-shaped processes. Female genitalia like in other Bennarellini: ovipositor elongate, orthopteroid, and curved upwards, 9th tergite without wax plate, gonapophysis IX medially fused and bearing spinules.</p><p>Remarks. This genus may be easily distinguished from the other genera of Bennarellini by the following features: abdominal appendages as labiate expansions with five large sockets bearing one furcate seta; transversal carina, separating the frons from the vertex, absent; frons with median carina weakly marked and lateral carinae strongly produced; forewing with cubital veins strongly curved to the anal margin of the wing, reaching the edge of the wing at an almost straight angle, and first cell of cubitus about ten times longer than wide.</p><p>The distribution of the Bennarellini remains poorly known, and the tribe occurs so far only in the Neotropical region, with the four included genera recorded in some countries: Bennarella in Guyana and Brazil, Amazobenna in Brazil, Noabennarella in Costa Rica and Ecuador, and Loisirella in Ecuador (Holzinger et al. 2013). Taxa not formally described were also mentioned for Peru (Holzinger et al. 2013). Amazobenna has been recorded exclusively for the Brazilian part of Amazonian Biome (Penny, 1980). The lack of more collecting efforts and specialists studying this group in the region certainly contribute to this scarce knowledge.</p><p>Nothing so far is known about the phylogenetic relationship between genera of Bennarellini, thus making difficult to recognize sister groups relationships. The included genera share the presence of unique abdominal appendages, considered an autapomorphy of this clade (Emeljanov 1989, Holzinger et Kunz 2006), as well as similarities in the venation of the wing, as the presence of pterostigma and the same number of branches of the vein R, and aspects of the aedeagus, as the presence of spines and genital style spoon-like (Penny, 1980; Holzinger et al. 2013). However, Amazobenna and Bennarella share some morphological characters, such as the weak median carina of frons, lateral carina of frons less produced and directed obliquely laterad, and lateral abdominal processes with five sensorial pits (Holzinger et al. 2013), indicating a possible close relationship between these genera.</p><p>There is no information on the biology of Amazobenna species to date, but specimens label data indicate that they can be found in shrubby plants of the lower strata of moist dryland primary forest in the Amazon. Approximately 75% of the Amazobenna specimens analyzed in this study were collected in November, January and May, during the rainy season in the region, while the other 25% were collected in June and July, less rainy season (Marques-Filho et al. 1981). Representatives of Amazobenna are somewhat rare in collections and the methods employed to collect them have been Malaise, CDC and Mixed Light – BLB traps, additionally to sweeping.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical: Brazil (Penny, 1980).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/116F4B33FFE99338BC9BFBC279CFFC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes;Ale-Rocha, Rosaly	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): A review of the Neotropical genus Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with description of a new species and description of the male of Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 4577 (3): 561-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.9
116F4B33FFEA9338BC9BFC237EB9FA9C.text	116F4B33FFEA9338BC9BFC237EB9FA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amazobenna Penny 1980	<div><p>Key to species of Amazobenna Penny (males)</p><p>1. Body and legs brown (Fig. 1); wing with brown spot in the costal cell, spots at the apex of the medial veins interconnected basally (Fig. 28); genital style narrow at the base and distally broadening with apex truncated, inner face convex in posterior view (Figs. 9–12); apex of the anal segment triangular in posterior view (Fig. 8); pygofer with posterolateral margin produced in the middle forming an obtuse angle (Figs. 9, 11), lateral lobe slightly tapered distally and diverging distally in ventral aspect (Fig. 12).............................................................................. A. reticulata Penny</p><p>-. Body and legs yellow (Fig. 19); wing lacking spot on costal cell, spots at the apex of the medial veins not interconnected basally (Fig. 29); genital style long, broad in basal 2/3, narrowing towards the apex with apex round, inner face almost straight and parallel, slightly sinuous near apex in posterior view (Figs. 24–27); apex of anal segment trapezoidal in posterior view; pygofer with posterolateral margin slightly sinuous, not forming an obtuse angle (Figs. 24, 26), lateral lobe not tapered distally, with parallel inner sides and not diverging distally in ventral aspect (Fig. 27)........................ A. pennyi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/116F4B33FFEA9338BC9BFC237EB9FA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes;Ale-Rocha, Rosaly	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): A review of the Neotropical genus Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with description of a new species and description of the male of Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 4577 (3): 561-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.9
116F4B33FFEA933CBC9BFA8B798EFE2C.text	116F4B33FFEA933CBC9BFA8B798EFE2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amazobenna reticulata Penny 1980	<div><p>Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980</p><p>(Figs. 1–18, 28, 30)</p><p>Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980:211, Figs. 1, 8; Holzinger et Kunz 2006: 57, Figs. 7,8 (head); Holzinger et al. 2013: 152 (key).</p><p>Type material. Holotype female (INPA): BRASIL: Amazonas, BR 319, Km 275, 17.v.1978, Norman D. Penny.</p><p>Condition of the holotype: left femur, tibia and tarsus of foreleg lost; left midtarsus lost; right femur, tibia and tarsus of midleg lost. Right forewing with torn apex. Genitalia dissected, abdomen lost.</p><p>Additional material examined. BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Rod [ovia] 0 10, Km 54, BL-02, 10/21–30.x e 6/ 10–20.xi.1997, Arm [adilha] Malaise, J. F. Vidal col. (1♂, INPA) ; idem, Parque das Laranjeiras, 28.i.1981, J. A. Arias. (1 ♀, 1♂, INPA) ; idem, ZF2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.115276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5891666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.115276/lat -2.5891666)">Km</a> 14, 02°35’21” S– 60°06’55” W, 16–19.vii.2004, Lençol: luz mista—BLB, torre, J.A. Rafael; F.F. Xavier; C.S. Mota; J.M.F. Ribeiro &amp; S. Trovisco cols. (1 ♀, INPA) ; idem, Rio Nhamundá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.04972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8994445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.04972/lat -1.8994445)">Cuipiranga</a>, 01°53’58” S– 57°02’59”W, 22–23.v.2008, Coleta manual, J.A. Rafael e equipe cols. (1 ♀, INPA) ; idem, Ig [arapé] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.625553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.5863888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.625553/lat -1.5863888)">Areias</a>, 01°35’11”S– 57°37’32”W, 17–20.v.2008. Arm [adilha] Luz no barco, 25 m, J.A. Rafael e equipe cols. (1 ♀, INPA) .</p><p>Measurements: Body length: female 4.0– 4.6 mm (7–7.8 mm including wings) (N=3); male 4.0– 4.5 mm (7.0– 7.5 mm including wings) (N=2). Forewing length: female 6.6–7.0 mm (N=3); male. 6.45–6.8 mm (N=2).</p><p>Redescription (male and female). Coloration. General body color brown with yellowish few areas (Figs. 1, 2). Lateral margins of frons with irregular yellowish band; pronotum with lateral margins wide area of yellow margins; tegula with lighter anterior and darker anterior posterior portion; brown mesonotum with pale yellow area in posterior lateral margin, posterior to tegula. Pronotum margin with large yellow area; tegula with lighter anterior portion and darker posterior portion. Forewing (length: 6.82 mm) semihyaline, yellowish with brown spot on clavus, in costal cell, distally in radial and median cells and narrow brown bands covering in radial, median and cubital veins in wing apex (Fig. 28). Pterostigma whitish-yellow. Hindwing semihyaline, yellowish. Posterior margin of abdominal segments yellowish; lateral process of the abdomen pale yellow. Legs brown, fore tibia light brown (Figs. 1, 2).</p><p>Head: median carina of frons weakly marked (Fig. 3); pedicellus approximately 1.5 times longer than wide (Fig. 5). Thorax: pronotum deeply emarginated and very narrow medially; median and lateral carinae of mesonotum strongly marked, median carina not reaching the posterior margin of mesonotum, lateral carinae not reaching anterior margin of mesonotum (Fig. 4). Legs: metatibia with 6 apical spines; hind tarsus with 7+7 apical spines.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs. 7–12). Anal segment elongated and slender, rectangular, about 1.7 times longer than broad in dorsal view, dorsal margin almost straight, ventral margin abruptly produced ventrally at apex in lateral view, apex triangular in posterior view. Pygofer with lateral lobe well produced, apex round in lateral view, slightly tapered and diverging distally in ventral aspect. Medioventral process of pygofer conical in lateral view, with posterior margin round in ventral view. Genital style narrow at base, widening distally with truncated apex; inner face convex, outer face concave in posterior view. Aedeagus with straight shaft bearing four spines (Fig. 12): two slender, elongate, rather straight spines inserted near base (1), one elongate comma-like spine (2), one very slender rather straight spine near apex (3); flagellum with three spines: one long, slightly sinuate spine inserted near base (4), and two shorter and slender, almost straight apical spines (5).</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs. 13–18). Anal tube slightly narrowed towards the apex in lateral view, about 1.5–1.7 times longer than wider in dorsal view. Pygofer about 4 times higher than long in lateral view, with a triangular process below base of anal tube, width slightly greater than length in ventral view. Gonapophysis VIII (first valvula) long, very slender, slightly curved upwards, inner margin corrugate in apical 1/3, inner face with spinules along apical 1/2, apex sharp. Gonapophysis IX (second valvula) strongly sclerotized, with denticles in distal 3/4. Gonoplac (third valvula) broader and slightly longer than first pair, 4.5 times longer than wide.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas). (Fig. 30)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/116F4B33FFEA933CBC9BFA8B798EFE2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes;Ale-Rocha, Rosaly	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): A review of the Neotropical genus Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with description of a new species and description of the male of Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 4577 (3): 561-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.9
116F4B33FFEE933CBC9BFE2C7931F8A7.text	116F4B33FFEE933CBC9BFE2C7931F8A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amazobenna pennyi Viegas & Ale-Rocha 2019	<div><p>Amazobenna pennyi sp. nov</p><p>(Figs. 19–27, 29, 30)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (DZUP). BRASIL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.01083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.19441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.01083/lat 0.19441)">Amazonas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.01083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.19441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.01083/lat 0.19441)">Santa Isabel do Rio Negro</a>, Rio Padauari, igarape do Maia, 00.194410N– 064.01083W, CDC, 08–10.vi.2010, R. &amp; R.S. Hutchings cols.</p><p>Condition of the holotype: Glued on paper triangle; right and left flagellum lost. Right foreleg broken and stored in a microtube; foretibia and foretarsus lost; right midtarsus lost; third tarsal segment of the right hindleg lost. Right forewing mounted between coverslips. Genitalia not dissected.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype male: Body length: 4.2 mm (7.4 mm including wings); forewing length: 6.15 mm.</p><p>Diagnosis. Amazobenna pennyi sp. nov. can be promptly distinguished from A. reticulata by the general color of the wing and body. In addition, the genitalia are quite distinct, having the characteristic slender anal segment with triangular apex in posterior view, and genital style widening distally with truncated apex, whereas in A. pennyi sp. nov. the anal segment is broad with a trapezoidal apex in posterior view, and the genital style is narrow distally, widened in the basal 2/3, with round apex.</p><p>Description. Coloration. General body color yellow (Figs. 19–23). Forewing yellowish, semihyaline with brown oval spot in apical portion of clavus extending to first cubital cell (Fig. 29); long, narrow, brown, transverse band extending from the vein M5 to apex of pterostigma; narrow brown stripes covering base of medial, cubital and anal veins; narrow brown stripes covering radial and median veins at apex of wing; anterior cubital vein covered by brown stripe and small pale-brown spot at apex of CuA2. Pterostigma whitish-yellow. Hindwing yellowish, semihyaline. Genital style pale-brown (Figs. 24–25).</p><p>Head: median carina of frons weakly marked (Fig. 20); pedicellus as long as wide (Fig. 21). Thorax: pronotum somewhat emarginated; median and lateral longitudinal carinae of mesonotum weakly marked, median carina not reaching posterior margin of mesonotum, lateral carinae not reaching anterior margin of mesonotum (Fig. 22). Legs: hindtibia with 7 apical spines; hindtarsus with 8+8 apical spines.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 24–27): anal segment elongate and wide, only slightly longer than wide in dorsal view, dorsal margin almost straight, ventral margin abruptly produced ventrally at apex in lateral view, apex trapezoidal in posterior view. Pygofer with lateral lobe well produced, apex round in lateral view, parallel in ventral view. Medioventral process of pygofer conical in lateral view, with posterior margin triangular in ventral view. Genital style narrowed distally, widening in the basal 2/3 on outer margin, inner margin almost straight, parallel in ventral aspect, with apex round, divergent in posterior view. Aedeagus with straight shaft bearing long spines.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named to honor Dr. Norman D. Penny, who created this genus, for his immense contribution to the knowledge of invertebrate fauna in the Amazon.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 30).</p><p>Discussion. Previously, the type species A. reticulata was the only known species included into the genus. Since A. pennyi sp. nov. fits very well to the generic description, we consider both species congeneric. The discovery of a further species for this genus allowed us to verify that the diagnostic characters used by Penny (1980) to describe it remain valid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/116F4B33FFEE933CBC9BFE2C7931F8A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes;Ale-Rocha, Rosaly	Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda Gomes, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly (2019): A review of the Neotropical genus Amazobenna Penny, 1980 with description of a new species and description of the male of Amazobenna reticulata Penny, 1980 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Zootaxa 4577 (3): 561-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.9
