taxonID	type	description	language	source
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Cape York, Australia	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — Clearly this is one of most frequently encountered species of Padina at least in the Philippines (Modelo & Umezaki 1984, Geraldino et al. 2005), and among the earliest recorded seaweed species in the country. Blanco (1837) provided the description of this species from Manila Bay and named it Ulva umbilicalis Linnaeus (1753: 1163) which today is recognized as the basionym of Porphyra umbilicalis (Linnaeus) Kützing (1843: 383). The whereabouts of Blanco’s materials are unknown; therefore Merrill (1905) determined Blanco’s original description to be referable to P. australis among the exsiccata distributed as ‘ Species Blancoanae 994 ’ (US 904677!). This species is bistratose throughout and has been confused with the closely similar Padina boergesenii Allender & Kraft (1983: 87) which is generally 3 - cell thick in the midregions (Coppejans et al. 2009). Calcification in P. australis is very light especially on its revolute (ventral) side. The identification of our samples is chiefly based on the uniformly bistratose thallus construction observed therein. Coppejans et al. (2010) used the presence or absence of basal Vaughaniella stage (rustcolored fibrous hairs referred to by Geraldino et al. 2005) to discriminate species, however this feature needs further evaluation. Materials of P. australis studied did not show such basal juvenile stages.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 12 (142 to 151), 78 EM- 19 (114, 115), GTV 5974 Cuyo, 12 May 1964, deposited at UP Marine Science Institute (T 11651), MSD 16534 north of Cuyo, 30 April 1958, leg. E. G. Meñez, deposited at B. P. Bishop Museum.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — St. Croix, Virgin Islands.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — This is a medium-sized plant growing to about 6 cm tall. In the field, the heavily calcified involute (dorsal) surface is distinctly discernible from the less calcified revolute surface. The Cuyo materials were originally identified as Padina japonica Yamada (1931: 69), a species also widely distributed throughout the Philippines (Modelo & Umezaki 1984). The conspecificity of P. japonica and P. sanctae-crucis has been suggested by some authors (Gaillard 1975, Geraldino et al. 2005, Lewmanomont et al. 2007). Using morphological and molecular data obtained from southern Japanese and Hawaiian specimens, Ni-Ni-Win et al. (2010) upheld the distinction of the two species although both were shown to form a sister clade based on rbc L and cox 3 gene sequence comparisons. Huisman et al. (2007) found much smaller plants in shallow water Hawaiian habitats compared to those from greater depths suggesting plasticity most likely influenced by different light levels and wave action.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 20 (36), 78 EM- 21 (3 to 9).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Garanbi, Cape O’luan, Taiwan.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — The specific epithet for this species has provided a convenient reason to categorize diminutive materials of Padina easily into this particular taxon, resulting in numerous misidentifications (Geraldino et al. 2005). Many of these small species may represent juvenile stages lacking useful diagnostic features and which favor erroneous identifications. For example, Modelo & Umezaki (1984) emphasized the small thallus size of P. minor as a diagnostic feature in their taxonomic key. Tsutsui et al. (2005) noted its close resemblance to Padina australis with obvious differences only in the smaller size and more narrowly spaced concentric lines in P. minor. The materials on hand are quite small and have abundant fibrous outgrowths at the base which compared well with the extensive Vaughaniella stage seen in Thai materials (Coppejans et al. 2010). Although the smaller sizes of mature plants are useful for species identification, it is still imperative to confirm its identity using well-established criteria such as heavy calcification on the involute surface while none on the revolute surface, bistratose thalli and non-indusiate sporangia. The identification of this species was solely based on the calcification pattern on both surfaces and on the bistratose construction observed. Unfortunately, our materials are sterile.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 20 (27 to 35). Order Sphacelariales Family Sphacelariaceae	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Nuweiba, Sinai, Red Sea.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — The materials studied were growing densely on the larger brown alga, Turbinaria ornata (Turner 1807: 50) J. Agardh (1848: 266), specifically on the narrow surfaces between the margins and intramarginal crown of the foliar parts. The two long, slender arms issued from mature propagula are distinctive, although at times three arms have been encountered very rarely. The presence of three arms (with occasional occurrence of two arms in one propagule) is also a feature observed in Sphacelaria carolinensis Trono (1972: 55). Kraft (2009) hinted on the conspecificity of the two species although their distinctness has been maintained for materials from southern China (Tseng & Lu 1983). This species is probably quite widespread in the Philippines and in other tropical regions where it was formerly known as Sphacelaria furcigera Kützing (1855: 27), which has since been synonymized under the currently accepted name. Dawes & Mathieson (2008) listed Karak Island in Iran as the type locality of this species, but this is in fact the type locality of S. furcigera.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — 78 EM- 18 (422). Order Fucales Family Sargassaceae	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Sunda Strait, Indonesia.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — This species is distinctive among Sargassum species partly because of its duplicated leaf margins. However, there is some confusion among the few species of Sargassum with such duplicated leaf margins. In the materials studied, ‘ duplication’ was seen throughout the length of the leaf margin except for the proximal third approaching the leaf base. The ‘ duplication’ was in the form of a thickened margin or a folded surface about 10 mm wide running parallel to the leaf margin. The latter was oriented in a perpendicular or more commonly, in an oblique position in relation to the lamina. The duplicated margin running along the leaf edge and slowly diminishing in width towards the leaf base resembled a horseshoe shape. The duplicated margin showed coarse dentition oriented in many directions most of the time. The sample 78 EM- 14 (21) bore finer teeth orderly arranged, which appeared like ordinary marginal serrations. Another variation seen in the specimen 78 EM- 43 (183) was an obliquely oriented thickened margin with almost no teeth. When present, teeth in this sample were very few, short and blunt. The variations seen above may be due to age differences and falling within the morphological ranges described for S. cristaefolium C. Agardh (1820: 13). Trono (1997) illustrated S. cristaefolium as having leaf duplications restricted to the apical sections and often resembling a small cup. The ‘ duplication’ may be more accurately described as small bilabiate opposing folds which formed a shallow cup approaching a turbinate form. A species showing a similar apical morphology is S. feldmannii Ho (1967: 297) which was synonymized by Ajisaka et al. (1997) under S. crassifolium J. Agardh on the grounds of similar androgynous receptacles and phyllocysts when it should have been subsumed under S. cristaefolium based on leaf morphology. Another taxon with such cup-shaped leaf tips is S. ilicifolium var. conduplicatum Grunow ex Reinbold in Weber-van Bosse (1913: 160), commonly reported from East Asia, which has been suggested by Womersley & Bailey (1970) as possibly synonymous with S. cristaefolium. Sargassum duplicatum Bory de Saint-Vincent (1828: 127), with its characteristic duplicated margin, has been widely recognized as similar to S. cristaefolium, but showed a significantly divergent molecular profile with S. crassifolium based on ITS sequence (Yoshida et al. 2004). Interestingly, S. duplicatum has been listed as a synonym of S. sandei Reinbold ex Weber-van Bosse (1913: 158) by Yoshida & Yoshinaga (2010), a species that shows a less prominent cup-like apical portion. Sargassum sandei has been proposed as a synonym of S. ilicifolium by Tsuda (1988) and subsequently affirmed by Mattio et al. (2010) on the basis of DNA data. Based on molecular information and a thorough morphological examination of types and diagnoses, Mattio et al. (2010) determined several species to be representative of the morphological range shown by S. ilicifolium throughout the Indo-Pacific, such as S. sandei, S. cristaefolium, S. duplicatum, S. berberifolium J. Agardh (1848: 337), S. droserifolium Bory de Saint-Vincent (1828: 129), and S. turbinatifolium Tseng & Lu (1979: 9). The synonymy proposed above is followed in the present study.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 14 (16 to 18, 21), 78 EM- 20 (87, 88), 78 EM- 43 (180, 181, 183, 184).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Sunda Strait, off Java in Indonesia.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — A closely similar species, S. binderi Sonder ex J. Agardh (1848: 328) has been placed in synonymy with S. oligocystum Montagne (1845: 67) by Womersley & Bailey (1970) who, after examining the type material remarked that “ it is almost certainly the same as the comparatively well known S. binderi. ” The synonymy has since then been followed by later workers (e. g., Ang et al. 2008, Kraft 2009, Lee et al. 2009). In this study, the close morphological similarity between both species made distinction difficult. One seemingly consistent feature used by many workers is the nature of the air vesicles. Trono (1997) characterized the vesicle stalk of S. oligocystum as shorter than the vesicle and slightly flattened, while in S. binderi it is mainly compressed and up to three times the length of the vesicle. Wong et al. (2008) further characterized the long stalks in S. binderi as “ long leafy pedicels ” in contrast to those of S. oligocystum which are terete and subtending vesicles without wings. Tsutsui et al. (2005) illustrated stalks in S. oligocystum which are about the same length as the subtended vesicles, while Coppejans et al. (2010) found flattened stalks which are usually longer than the vesicles. In the materials under study, the stalks were somewhat compressed, commonly with small wings issued on one side which continue into the vesicle base. In molecular and morphological studies of Indo-Pacific species, Mattio et al. (2009, 2010) recognized the morphological variability of S. aquifolium and proposed the following as being synonyms: S. binderi, S. crassifolium, S. echinocarpum J. Agardh (1848: 327), S. biserrula J. Agardh (1848: 318), S. heterocystum Montagne (1842: 250), S. odontocarpum Sonder (1871: 43), S. oocyste J. Agardh (1848: 317), and S. spathulaefolium var. neocaledonicum Grunow (1916: 22), among others.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 18 (58 and 59).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Sunda Strait, Indonesia.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — This species is among the easiest to identify on the basis of vegetative morphological grounds, particularly its rough and spinous main branches which make field identification rather easy (Modelo & Umezaki 1995). Most authors working in the Indo-Pacific region have highlighted the muricate nature of the main branches, described as beset with short spines (Tsutsui et al. 2005, Ohba et al. 2007) which are simple or Y-shaped (Trono 1997, Coppejans et al. 2009, 2010). It was Chiang et al. (1992) who first studied the details of these surface protuberances and found that they are elongate cryptostomata. Kraft (2009) gave a more detailed description of these ostiolate structures leading to shallow pits containing trichothallic hairs. These unique cryptostomata are issued radially (Kraft 2009) or alternately (Ohba et al. 2007) from the main branches. Chou & Chiang (1981) remarked that one of the most distinctive features of this species is the ” existence of creeping branches of rhizoidal system ” issued from the lower portion of the main axis and used to attach the mature thalli secondarily. However, this was not found in the materials on hand. The secondary attachment of the thalli by means of stoloniferous structures in S. polycystum brings to mind a similar mechanism seen in S. stolonifolium Phang & Yoshida (1997: 61). In the latter, however, attachment is accomplished by modified cauline leaves issued near the base and which are well developed into stolons especially among plants collected from habitats with strong waves (Ajisaka & Lewmanomont 2004). In places which are protected from strong wave action, the cauline leaves are issued but do not usually develop into stolons. This distinctive mode of secondary attachment from leaves was the main criterion used for recognizing S. stolonifolium. Based on morphological grounds, Mattio et al. (2010) placed S. stolonifolium under the synonymy of Sargassum plagiophyllum Mertens ex C. Agardh (1824: 304). On the other hand, both S. stolonifolium and S. polycystum were shown to be sister species based on ITS- 2 data (Yoshida et al. 2004).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 13 (96, 108 to 114), 78 EM- 18 (454).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Singapore.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — Aside from other distinctive features, Trono (1997) emphasized the morphology of the female receptacles as definitive for this species. The female receptacular branches in this species have triquetrous and twisted forms, while in S. baccularia (Mertens 1819: 177) C. Agardh (1824: 304), the fertile branches are triquetrous but never twisted. Modelo & Umezaki (1995) highlighted the male and female receptacular branches in sexually matured plants which are often as long as the leaves themselves. Unfortunately, the materials under study are sterile and cannot be verified using the feature mentioned above. The identification is however based on other morphological similarities such as leaf shape and dimensions, leaf margins and midrib features and vesicular measurements. At best, this remains a tentative identification. This species is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia. In a biogeographical analysis of Sargassum species in the South China Sea region, S. siliquosum is among the most widely and commonly recorded species except in the colder waters off Hong Kong (Ang et al. 2008). Within Philippine waters, it is also one of the most commonly encountered species (Trono 1997).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 12 (154, 155), 78 EM- 14 (19), 78 EM- 18 (452, 453).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ‘ in mari Indico ad oras Hindostaniae, ad Chinam, ad Zeylonam, ad littus occidentale Novae Hollandiae’.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — This species is distinguished from others in the genus by the conspicuous absence of intramarginal crown teeth on the distal surfaces of the foliar branches. The inflated foliar branches are irregularly rounded to somewhat cordate when seen from above with a smooth distal surface owing to the absence of intramarginal crown teeth. The margins are lined with uniformly coarse teeth. This morphology is considered to be the typical form. Another form encountered in the study area is characterized by the absence of intramarginal crown teeth, but instead of a circular outline of the distal foliar branches as noted above, the blade has a distinctly retuse portion giving the impression of an imperfect acetabulum. Sometimes the blade approaches the peltate condition while on one hand the blade may be oriented almost vertically resulting in a flabellate, toothed blade. This particular form is herein determined as T. conoides f. laticuspidata W. R. Taylor (1964: 481) which was first described based on materials collected from Cebu Island. The form has been collected from a few sites around southern Philippines and appears to be a Philippine endemic.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — f. conoides 78 EM- 13 (68 and 69), f. laticuspidata 78 EM- 12 (99 and 100), 78 EM- 20 (49). * Turbinaria decurrens Bory de Saint Vincent (1828: 119) Type: — in the sea between Tahiti and New Guinea.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — This is one of the most distinctive species of Turbinaria with its 3 - sided, obpyramidal foliar branches that appear triangular from top view. The longitudinal edges and base of the inverted pyramid have numerous fine serrations. Another species that closely resembles T. decurrens in general foliar morphology is T. murrayana Barton (1891: 218). In her original description, Barton (1891) differentiated it from T. decurrens by its ” having a short, thick, unbranched stem, in the absence of vesicles (embedded within the foliar branches) and the arrangement of the receptacles ” ’ Only small vesicles have been found within older foliar branches of the materials under study, while receptacles are racemose in contrast to a corymbose arrangement in T. murrayana. Coppejans et al. (2010) observed a progressive loss of older foliar branches towards the base of the plant resulting in bare stipes with leaf scars. In addition, they observed that foliar branches formed five clearly separated vertical rows along the main axis, a feature not seen in the materials on hand. Without doubt, both names have been applied interchangeably to Turbinaria species in the Indo-Pacific showing obpyramidal morphology. Some specimens examined anchor themselves on some sponges (78 EM- 14 (1430 )) and small rocks (78 EM- 14 (138 and 142 )) while in the specimen 78 EM- 14 (138) the tip of a branched hapter is transformed into an adherent disk.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B522FFAF3F9AD2E3FD390CC6.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 14 (135 to 144).	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52EFFAC3F9AD66AFE0A0C88.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — locality unknown.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52EFFAC3F9AD66AFE0A0C88.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — The pattern of the intramarginal crown teeth is variable among the materials examined. In some, the teeth are restricted to as few as three, usually situated equidistantly from each other. They may also occur in pairs. Teeth may also be many and forming an incomplete ring along the intramarginal edge. In all cases, however, the teeth surround a hollow, central and convex portion. Frequently, the smooth, narrow surface between the intramarginal teeth and outer foliar margin forms a collar or horseshoe shape similar to what Ohba et al. (2007) found among materials from Palau. Taylor (1964) published the first regional monograph of Turbinaria wherein he recognized a number of forms under T. ornata based on differences of the intramarginal crown teeth arrangement and vesicle presence or absence. Tsuda (1972) opined that these forms may only represent growth forms induced by different environmental conditions. Jha et al. (2009) reported this species from Gujarat in western India but their samples appear to be representative of T. conoides.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52EFFAC3F9AD66AFE0A0C88.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 14 (132 - 134), 78 EM- 16 (92), 78 EM- 17 (115), 78 EM- 18 (60 - 62, 456, 457), 78 EM- 19 (57 - 60), 78 EM- 20 (48 - 55), 78 EM- 21 (26), 78 EM- 43 (120 - 125). Order Ectocarpales Family Acinetosporaceae	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52EFFAC3F9AD66AFE0A0C88.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Bima, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Remarks: — This species has been reported from a number of locations around the Philippines as E. indicus (Silva et al. 1987). The species from eastern Negros Island reported by Meñez & Calumpong (1981) as Giffordia duchassaingiana (Grunow 1867: 45) Taylor (1960: 207) has now been recognized as a synonym of the current species. The lack of distinctive characters useful for differentiating closely related genera within this family has contributed to the frequent name changes seen in the literature. In particular, this species has been transferred and recognized at one time or another under four different genera. Beginning from its initial description as a species of Ectocarpus, it has been recognized under Giffordia by Papenfuss & Chihara in Papenfuss (1968), under Feldmannia by Womersley & Bailey (1970) and under Hincksia by Tanaka (1990). Huisman et al. (2007) characterized Hincksia as having meristematic cells that are scattered or diffused throughout the uniseriate filaments, while in Feldmannia they are concentrated at the bases of the branching filaments. In addition, sporangia in Feldmannia generally have stalks, while mostly sessile sporangia are found in Hincksia. Dawes & Mathieson (2008) characterized Feldmannia and Hincksia as having discoid chloroplasts, while in Ectocarpus chloroplasts are elongate, ribbon- or band-shaped. The Cuyo materials are herein recognized under Hincksia based on the basis of sessile sporangia (which could be rarely pedicillate) and diffused meristematic cells. Opinions continue to stay divided concerning the generic placement of this species. For example, Lewmanomont et al. (2007), Dawes & Mathieson (2008), Gan et al. (2008), Kraft (2009) and Lee et al. (2009) maintained this species under Feldmannia whereas Huisman et al. (2007), Yoshida & Yoshinaga (2010) are of the opinion that it should be placed under Hincksia. Material examined: — 78 EM- 17 (89 A). Family Scytosiphonaceae	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52DFFAC3F9AD1BFFE5B08F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Belle Isle, France.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52DFFAC3F9AD1BFFE5B08F3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — Arguably, this is one of most conspicuous brown algal species in the country when in season, having been reported from every island visited by botanists. This is also one of the earliest reported Philippine seaweed species by Blanco (1837) under the misapplied name Ulva reticulata Forsskål (1775: 187) due to its net-like appearance. The latter is a valid species of green alga also commonly encountered in many tropical localities. The lectotype locality is indicated as Belle Isle in Brittany, France. This is quite likely in error as suggested by Silva et al. (1996). This species is ubiquitous in many tropical and warm temperate regions around the world including the Mediterranean. There has been no recent record from the Atlantic coast of France (i. e., Brittany) and points north along the English Channel.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52DFFAC3F9AD1BFFE5B08F3.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: — 78 EM- 13 (48 to 50). * Hydroclathrus tenuis Tseng & B. Lu (1983: 185) Type: — Hainan Island, southern China.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52DFFAC3F9AD1BFFE5B08F3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — This species was described based on distinctive anatomical and reproductive features. However, the materials from Cuyo are easily distinguished from its close congener by its very fine and fragile branches (1 – 2 mm diameter) created from the numerous perforations that are found throughout the thallus. Huisman et al. (2007) cautioned that young plants of Hydroclathrus resemble the closely related genus Colpomenia which are saccate, convoluted and hollow throughout its lifespan. When plants of Hydroclathrus mature, they become convoluted and show the characteristic perforations on their thalli. The different species of Hydroclathrus develop these perforations and are distinguished from one another by details of their anatomy and on the size of the branches lining those perforations.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
11138105B52DFFAC3F9AD1BFFE5B08F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — MSD 16528, north of Cuyo, Palawan, 30 April 1958, leg. E. G. Meñez, deposited at B. P. Bishop Museum.	en	Liao, Lawrence M., Belleza, Dominic Franco C., Geraldino, Paul John L. (2013): Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands. Phytotaxa 152 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1
