taxonID	type	description	language	source
175C87D3FFC1F43CFF3C7DEDFCDFFC58.taxon	description	Description. Male: HEAD: Frontoclypeus predominantly black, with sparse orange scales laterally that converge ventrally toward center. Eyes glabrous and brown. White coloration between lower margin of eyes and subgena. Antenna reaching height of semi-translucent spot located in R 3 - R 4 + 5 in the forewing, base black with sparse orange scales, dorsally black antennomeres with white base ventrally, last flagellomere with orange coloration. Palp approximately half length of frontoclypeus, ventrally gray and dorsally with yellowish-brown coloration. THORAX: Patagia with black and orange scales. Thorax predominantly black includ- Figures 3 - 4. Holotype male of Symmachia divisora sp. ing tegula and region of scuto-scutellar suture II nov. 3) Dorsal view. 4) Ventral view. Scale line: 1 cm. with orange scales. Legs black, ventral base of femur with light yellow coloration and meso- and metathoracic tarsus yellowish-brown. ABDOMEN: Black from dorsal portion of tergum I to dorsoposterior margin of tergum III, forming a subtriangular spot; orange on dorsal and lateral remainder of abdomen. Sternum light yellow with black intersegmental and medium-longitudinal portions. WINGS: Forewing: Length 13.5 mm (HT), 12.9 mm (PT). Costa strongly convex in basal third. Dorsal surface: Metallic blue from base to first quarter of discal cell and from this point on with dark green coloration and metallic reflection. Costal and outer margins with a narrow black band, except for a small white extension in initial portion of costal curvature. Anterior margin of base of vein 2 A with white coloration. Semi-translucent subtriangular yellow spot located from costal margin to M 3, bordering end of discal cell. Three small spots distal to discal spot, forming a discontinuous convex line approximately parallel to it, first in R 2 - R 3 oval shaped, second rectangular at origin of R 4 + 5 and M 1 and last slender in M 2 - M 3. Small semi-translucent white spot parallel to costal margin in R 3 - R 4 + 5 and another spot, with same color and size of last one, parallel to outer margin in M 2 - M 3. Ventral surface: metallic blue between costal margin and Sc from wing bases to discal spot. Dark green along costal margin from discal spot until end of R 4 + 5. Remainder of wing dark gray, paler from vein 2 A to anal margin. Two spots, anteriorly golden and posteriorly gray, in discal cell, first near base and second in center, two dark gray bands in CuA 2 - 2 A at same height of discal cell. Semi-translucent spots as described for dorsal surface, but more conspicuous on ventral surface and, with further three small white spots, first in R 4 + 5 - M 1, second in M 1 - M 2 and last one in M 3 - CuA 1. Hindwing: Triangular with slightly produced tornus. Dorsal surface: Space between costal margin and Sc + R 1 with gray coloration; black between basal portion of discal cell and half of 2 A; gray in space after 3 A; remainder of wing dark green with metallic reflection, except for black band along distal margin, wider in its tornal third; black fringe. Ventral surface: Dark gray with numerous light yellow spots distributed as follows: three in space Sc + R 1 - Rs; one in Rs-M 1; one in M 1 - M 2; one in M 2 - M 3; three inside discal cell: one over dci; one in M 3 - CuA 1; two in CuA 1 - CuA 2 and three in CuA 2 and half of space in 2 A- 3 A. Anal angle with a black semicircle in CuA 2 - 2 A, bordered basally by a light yellow band. End of veins M 3 and CuA 1 light yellow. MALE GENITA- LIA: Paratype (Fig. 41) (n = 1) with narrow and subrectangular tegumen conspicuously separated from uncus by weakly sclerotized tissue, tegumen with a slight posterior dorsomedial projection and setae distributed irregularly on its posterior half. Gnathos articulated to tegumen at antero-dorsal edge, with shorter, irregularly rounded dorsal projection and longer ventral projection, latter slender, slightly curved and parallel at posterior tip to medium-longitudinal axis of genitalia. Anterior projection of saccus approximately same length as gnathos. Triangular valve with numerous marginal setae, articulated to ventral half of arm of saccus. Aedeagus cylindrical, anterior portion with larger diameter, gradually narrowing posteriorly and bifid at tip in lateral view. Female. UNKNOWN. Types. Holotype male with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / BRASIL, ACRE, MÂNCIO LIMA, P [ar] Q [ue]. NAC [ional]. [da] SERRA DO DIVISOR, PORÇÃO NORTE, 7 º 26 ’ 50 ” S 73 º 39 ’ 52 ” W 200 - 400 m 10 - 21. IX. 2011 D. Dolibaina and D. Moura, leg. / DZ 23.294 / HOLOTYPUS Symmachia divisora Dolibaina and Leite, det. 2012 / (deposited at DZUP). Paratype: 1 male, / PARATYPUS / same data as Holotype / DZ 21.406 / GEN [itália]. PREP [arada] LEITE 2011 / (deposited at DZUP).	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC1F43CFF3C7DEDFCDFFC58.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the type locality, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC1F43CFF3C7DEDFCDFFC58.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and Discussion. Symmachia divisora is apparently a member of a small group of species that includes S. probetor (Stoll, 1782), S. estellina Gallard, 2008, S. falcistriga falcistriga Stichel, 1910 and S. falcistriga meyi Brévignon, 1998, all occurring in the Amazon rainforest and characterized by their small size, sexual dimorphism, and by the color pattern of the adults (Fig. 3 - 12). The new species resembles S. falcistriga by the pattern of the spots on both sides of the wings (Fig. 3 - 6, 11 - 12), as well as the general stuctures of the genitalia (Fig. 41 - 44). Symmachia divisora is easily distinguished from the species previously mentioned by its larger size, more strongly produced hindwing tornus, the shape and size of the ventral hindwing tornal spot, the presence of orange scales on the patagia and scuto-scutellar suture II and the orange coloration of the dorsal abdomen. The male genitalia differs in size and shape of the tegumen, uncus, gnathos, combined ventral projection of the tegumen and dorsal part of the saccus, anterior projection of the saccus, valve and aedeagus (Fig. 41 - 44). The pattern of the spots along the outer margin of the ventral hindwing is especially relevant to pair males and females and to distinguish among females of S. falcistriga, S. probetor and S. estellina (Gallard 2008). This pattern is conspicously different in the male of S. divisora (Fig. 4). Furthermore, the female of related species are of the same size or smaller than the male. Therefore, the female of S. divisora, although unknown, is expected to be larger than females of related species and with a pattern similar to S. falcistriga but, as in related species, with a distinct pattern on the outer margin of the hindwing matching the pattern found on the male. Stichel (1914) described S. cribrellum Stichel, 1914, currently a synonym of S. f. falcistriga (Callaghan and Lamas 2004), from a single female from Mapiri, Bolívia; the type specimen was illustrated by Warren et al. (2012). The wing pattern of the female of S. cribrellum is identical to the female of S. falcistriga meyi illustrated by Gallard (2008) and a female examined by us, and thus this female does not represent S. divisora. Ethology. Only two males were collected, at 10: 30 h on the third day of sampling, both resting with wings open on the abaxial surface of the leaves of a Lauraceae tree, roughly three meters above the ground. The species engaged in apparent territorial disputes with S. f. falcistriga, in which individuals flew up vertically together to about five meters above the ground. On the five subsequent days in which the type locality was visited no further individuals of S. divisora were observed.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC1F43CFF3C7DEDFCDFFC58.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is currently known only from the mountains of the type locality, northwest of Acre, on the border between Brazil and Peru, and from Cerro Lumbaqui, Sucumbíos, Ecuador (0 ° 1.42 ’ N 77 ° 19 ’ W, 800 - 950 m) (J. Hall, personal communication).	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC4F43DFF3C7D09FD90FEF8.taxon	description	(Fig. 9 - 10, 40, 43) Two males were collected on the same day apparently competing for territory in a small patch of sun with S. probetor, and were not observed on subsequent days. The determination of the species was made by comparison with the work of Gallard (2008), who described the taxon based on specimens from French Guiana, although Gallard did not illustrate male genitalia in the description. Given that the Serra do Divisor and French Guiana are both part of the Amazonian biogeographic region it seems likely that these specimens from the two localities are conspecific. The characteristic shape and pattern of the forewing and the male genitalia, above cited to distinguish this species from S. probetor, seem to be surprisingly stable in a series of 17 males and 21 females studied by Gallard (2008) and 6 males and 3 females available to us for study at DZUP. Additionally, after the examination of large series of specimens of both S. estellina and S. probetor, Gallard (2008) did not find a single intermediate specimens between these two sympatric species.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC4F43CFF3C78C9FD02FA18.taxon	description	(Fig. 7 - 8, 39, 42) A single damaged male was collected at the hilltop at 14: 00 h flying about five meters from the ground and apparently competing for territory with S. estellina Gallard, 2008 in a small patch of sun. The time of sampling differs from records mentioned by Gallard (2008) for this species in French Guiana. Although superficially similar, there are a number of characteristics of the wing shape, pattern, and male genitalia that seem to distinguish S. probetor and S. estellina: the forewing of S. probetor is rounded at the apex and convex at the outer margin and there is no white or translucent spots close to the curve of the costal margin, which is weakly developed when compared to S. estellina (Fig. 39 - 40). These characteristics can be observed in the type illustration of S. probetor given by Stoll (1782). The male genitalia of S. probetor is generally larger, the saccus is shorter and the posterior margin of the tegumen is more projected and bilobed medially in dorsal view. Perhaps most conspicuously, the cornuti are undeveloped in S. probetor (Fig. 42) but developed in S. estellina (Fig. 43) (S. probetor, n = 2; S. estellina, n = 6). We think there is possibly a complex of several similar looking species lumped under S. probetor, with some of the recognized subspecies and synonyms perhaps corresponding to valid species, in addition to the possibility of undescribed taxa.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F43DFF3C7FC9FB69FA78.taxon	description	(Fig. 19 - 20, 48) Five individuals were collected in a small clearing at the hilltop at 11: 00 h, flying one meter above the ground. Some individuals were sampled when they landed on the adaxial surface of the leaves in small trees of the forest understory, while others perched on dry branches close to the ground.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F43DFF3C79C9FDFDFC58.taxon	description	(Fig. 15 - 16, 46) This was the second most abundant species of the genus at PNSD during the collection trip, totaling seven collected individuals. All of them were captured around 13: 00 h in bright sunshine, while patrolling a small clearing at the hilltop or when they were resting on the adaxial surface of the leaves in trees about four meters above the ground.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F43DFF3C7A69FC13FE18.taxon	description	(Fig. 11 - 12, 44) Only two specimens were collected at the hilltop at 10: 30 h while resting with open wings on the abaxial surface in the leaves of a Lauraceae tree. The two males were also seen engaging in an apparent territorial dispute with S. divisora (see under that species).	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F43DFF3C7909FB04FD58.taxon	description	(Fig. 13 - 14, 45) A single exemplar was collected around 13: 00 h at the hilltop while resting on the abaxial surface of the leaves of a small tree in a patch of sun around two meters from the ground.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F43DFF3C78C9FD50FB58.taxon	description	(Fig. 17 - 18, 47) Three individuals were collected while they were competing for territory near a dead tree located on the hilltop about six meters above the ground at 15: 00 h. All individuals presented the behavior of landing on the trunk of this tree with open wings, as recorded by Brévignon and Gallard (1998), Gallard (2008) and mentioned by Hall and Willmott (2007).	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F43DFF3C7EE9FBC8F9B8.taxon	description	(Fig. 21 - 22, 49) A single individual was collected at 11: 30 h at the hilltop while resting on the adaxial surface of the leaves in a small tree in a patch of sun about five meters above the ground.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F433FF3C7DA9FE3EFC38.taxon	description	(Fig. 25 - 28, 50)	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC5F433FF3C7DA9FE3EFC38.taxon	description	The females have more elongate wings than the males in both subspecies, with wing pattern resembling that of the respective male. The female of S. h. hetaerina has markings of the same color as the male, while S. hetaerina hesione differs by having yellow spots instead of orange (Fig. 27 - 28). This species was the most common Symmachia at PNSD, with eight captured individuals, all of them flying fast and landing on the adaxial surface of the leaves of small trees, about three meters above the ground after 14: 00 h.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFCBF433FF3C7D29FB8FF978.taxon	description	(Fig. 33 - 34, 53) Two male of this species were captured on the hilltop at 13: 00 h, when they were apparently fighting while flying in spiral manoeuvres about 2.5 meters above the ground.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFCBF433FF3C7DE9FA1FF898.taxon	description	(Fig. 35 - 36, 54) This is the smallest species of Symmachia found at PNSD, and two individuals were captured at 14: 00 h while flying with other species of Riodinidae belonging to the genus Argyrogrammana Strand, 1932 and Theope Doubleday, 1847 in a small patch of sun on the hilltop, two meters above the ground.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFCBF433FF3C7E09FA9DFA38.taxon	description	(Fig. 31 - 32, 52) Three individuals were captured at the hilltop on the same day at 10: 00 h, while landing on the abaxial surface of the leaves in small trees about four meters above the ground. An exchange of “ perches ” among individuals was observed, with perches located about three meters from one another.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFCBF433FF3C7F29FD11FB18.taxon	description	(Fig. 29 - 30, 51) A single specimen was collected in flight at 14: 00 h, four meters above the ground in a small clearing at the hilltop. The phenotype appears to be intermediate between the nominate subspecies described from Ecuador and the subspecies S. miron pulchellita Brévignon and Gallard, 1992 described from French Guiana. More material from PNSD and other Amazonian localities is needed to confirm the taxonomic status for this intermediate phenotype.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
175C87D3FFC8F430FF3C7841FE19FBA1.taxon	description	(Fig. 37 - 38, 55) Six individuals of this species were captured after 14: 30 h on the hilltop. It is the only species of the genus for which females were collected (n = 2). The specimens were collected in a small clearing while flying fast at one meter from the ground, when resting on dry branches or above small trees with about three meters high.	en	Leite, Luis Anderson Ribeiro, Fernando, Mielke, Hendrik, Martins, Mirna (2012): An annotated list of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with the description of a new species. Insecta Mundi 2012 (249): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174672
