taxonID	type	description	language	source
166F87A3FC17DF43FF08FF0EFEBB6CEA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Notaspis bipilis Hermann, 1804, p. 7.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF43FF08FF0EFEBB6CEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adults of the genus Ceratoppia are unique among the Peloppiidae in having the following combination of character states: chelicerae chelate – dentate; sejugal apodeme conspicuous, straight; legs heterotridactylous; lamellae parallel with thin, projecting, well defined cusps; bothridial setae elongate, typically setiform (clavate in C. clavisensillata); notogaster rounded; two or three pairs of posterior notogastral setae often prominent; dorsophragma and pleurophragma absent; pedotecta I and II well – developed; dorsal side of pedotecta I with prominent blade – like tooth extending anteriorly; lateral ridge extending from base of acetabula I to rostrum; humerosejugal porose areas absent; apodeme IV transverse, curving around genital plate, with furrow and minitectum present anteriorly, incomplete adjacent to genital plate; six pairs of genital setae; three pairs of adanal setae of which ad 1 and ad 2 subequal in shape; palp setal formula 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 9 (1); acm closely associated with solenidion on palptarsus; axillary saccule of subcapitulum absent; porose areas dorsolateral and antiaxial on femora of all legs, and trochanters III, IV.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF46FF08FCE6FC7A690A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Adult female. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Upper Walbran Valley (48 ° 39 ’ N, 124 ° 35 ’ W), 10 September 2004 (Z. Lindo) from forest floor below western redcedar (Thuja plicata D. Don); deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (CNC), type No. 23974. Paratypes: ten with same data as holotype. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Upper Carmanah Valley (48 ° 44 ’ N, 124 ° 37 ’ W), 3 July 1990 (N. N. Winchester), ten from forest floor below Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). USA: Washington, Hoh Valley, Olympic National Park (47 ° 52 ’ N, 123 ° 54 ’ W), 10 September 1983 (A. Fjellberg), seven from litter and humus below Sitka spruce. Oregon, Curry County, Alfred A. Loeb State Park (42 ° 6 ’ N, 124 ° 11 ’ W), 12 August 1985 (E. E. Lindquist), 11 from moss and lichen around tan-oak and willow trunks; Oregon, Lane County, H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Willamette National Forest (44 ° 10 ’ N, 123 ° 13 ’ W), 15 May 1984 (D. S. Chandler), 18 from rotting logs on forest floor. Paratypes deposited in the CNC, PFC, RNC, and ZLC. Other material examined. Canada, British Columbia: Caycuse (48 ° 53 ’ N, 124 ° 21 ’ W); Broken Island Group (48 ° 52 ’ N, 12419 ’ W); Barkley Sound (48 ° 58 ’ N, 124 ° 6 ’ W); Bamfield Marine Station (48 ° 45 ’ N, 125 ° 10 ’ W); Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park (49 ° 22 ’ N, 126 ° 31 ’ W); Sydney Inlet, Clayoquot Sound (49 ° 30 ’ N, 126 ° 17 ’ W); Campbell River, STEMS Research site (50 ° 03 ’ N, 125 ° 26 ’ W); Brooks Peninsula (50 ° 7 ’ N, 127 ° 46 ’ W); Lax Kw'alaams (54 ° 33 ’ N, 131 ° 25 ’ W). USA, Washington: Quinault Rain Forest, Olympic National Forest (47 ° 32 ’ N, 123 ° 40 ’ W); Queets River, Olympic National Park (47 ° 32 ’ N, 124 ° 21 ’ W). Oregon: Tillamook State Forest (45 ° 30 ’ N, 123 ° 39 ’ W); Siuslaw National Forest (44 ° 21 ’ N, 123 ° 48 ’ W); Alsea Falls (44 ° 20 ’ N, 123 ° 31 ’ W); Mary’s Peak Botanical Special Interest Area (44 ° 30 ’ N, 123 ° 32 ’ W); Siskiyou National Forest (42 ° 30 ’ N, 123 ° 57 ’ W). California: Jedediah Smith Redwood State Park (41 ° 46 ’ N, 124 ° 5 ’ W); Angelo Coast Range Reserve (39 ° 40 ’ N, 123 ° 39 ’ W); Van Damme Beach State Park (39 ° 16 ’ N, 123 ° 43 ’ W); Salt Point State Park (38 ° 57 ’ N, 123 ° 32 ’ W); Purisima Creek Redwoods Regional Open Space near Halfmoon Bay (37 ° 24 ’ N, 122 ° 21 ’ W).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF46FF08FCE6FC7A690A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for the deeply indented rostrum with large, single, inset medial denticle.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF46FF08FCE6FC7A690A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult. Total length 560 – 650 µm, with character states of Peloppiidae (Grandjean 1954; as Ceratoppiidae), and character states of Ceratoppia as described above. This species can be differentiated from other Ceratoppia by the presence of a distinct invaginated rostrum with a thin, somewhat flexible, medial denticle, and many lateral denticles; interlamellar setae distinctly shorter than the lamellae, only reaching the base of the lamellar cusps; one pair of hypostomal setae; lamellae not reaching the insertion of the rostral setae.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF46FF08FCE6FC7A690A.taxon	description	Description. Adult. (Figs. 1 – 7) Measurements: Mean total length: females (n = 5) 628 µm (range 600 – 650); males (n = 5) 584 µm (range 560 – 600) (Figs. 1 – 2). Mean notogastral width: females (n = 5) 376 µm (range 360 – 380); males (n = 5) 352 µm (range 340 – 380). Integument: Smooth to microtuberculate. Integument laterad of bothridial setae between acetabula III and IV tuberculate. Prodorsum: Rostrum strongly indented (18 µm deep × 13 µm wide), with single sub – triangular medial denticle at base of indentition and 7 – 11 sharp denticles along margin and laterally (Fig. 1, Fig. 5). Lateral ridge extending from base of acetabulum I to rostrum (Fig. 5). Seta ro 68 – 83 µm long, thick, acuminate, barbed, extending well beyond rostrum (Fig. 1, Figs. 5, 7). Lamella about 227 µm long to end of cusps, not reaching insertion point of ro, striate at base (Fig. 7). Lamellar cusps about 91 µm long with small lateral denticle. Seta le about 94 µm long, thick, barbed, inserted medially on lamellar cusp and extending anteriorly beyond rostrum (Fig. 7). Seta in barbed, 144 µm long, not reaching tip of lamella (Fig. 1, Fig. 7). Mutual distance of setal pairs ro – ro, le – le, and in – in, about 47, 40, and 66 µm, respectively. Seta ex not observed; alveoli well removed anteriolaterally from bothridia (Fig. 1). Bothridial seta 191 µm long, thin with long barbs, tapering to point. Lateral aspect of prodorsum: Pedotectum I well developed, dentate anteriorly, with dorsal cusp about 20 µm. Notogaster: Subequal length to width; hysterosoma often fattened with 1 – 7 eggs of considerable size (about 260 µm long). Notogastral setae reduced to alveoli, except for two pairs of posterior setae (Fig. 1, Figs. 3 – 4). Alveoli with porose areas (Fig. 1). Posterior notogastral setae h 1, about 103 µm long (range 75 – 118, n = 13), barbed; setae p 3 about 78 µm long (range 60 – 95, n = 16), barbed; p 1 alveoli well removed posteriorly and mediad to h 1; p 2 alveoli mediad to p 3. Lyrifissures im, ip, ih, and ips present, all about 10 µm long. Ventral region: Apodeme IV forming shallow furrow with minitectum on anterior portion (Fig. 2), thinning near genital aperture as described by Grandjean (1970). Epimeral setae smooth or with a few barbs, acuminate, relatively long; formula (epimeres I to IV) 3 – 1 – 2 – 3 (Fig. 2). Setae lengths as follows: 1 a, 1 b, 1 c about 25, 47, 75 µm, respectively, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, about 25, 24, 61, µm, respectively, and 4 a, 4 b, 4 c about 27, 25 and 25 µm, respectively. Six pairs of genital setae ranging in length from 15 – 25 µm, with longest g 4 and g 5, setose. Aggenital seta about 22 µm long, setose, asymmetry observed in a single specimen (two pairs of aggenital setae on right side). Two pairs of anal setae about 22 µm long, asymmetry observed in single specimen with three pairs of anal setae on left side. Three pairs of adanal setae; ad 3 about 26 µm, thin, barbed, different from ad 1 and ad 2 which are thicker, barbed, about 51 and 41 µm long, respectively (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). Lyrifissure iad 8 µm long, anterior to ad 3. Gnathosoma: Subcapitular mentum without tectum; one pair of setae h about 36 µm long; gnathosomal setae m 38 µm long, and setae a about 27 µm long. FIGURES 3 – 7. Ceratoppia indentata n. sp., scanning electron microscope images of adult. 3, habitus, ventral aspect; 4, habitus, dorsal aspect (setae h 1 of left side broken); 5, rostrum, anterio – dorsal aspect, showing indented rostrum (a) with teeth, minute stub of seta d on genu leg I (b), rostral setae (ro), lamellar setae (le), and lateral carina (ca); 6, habitus, lateral aspect; 7, prodorsum in dorsal aspect, interlamellar setae (in), lamellar setae (le), and rostral setae (ro). Scale bars = 300 µm (Figs. 3 – 4, 6) and 100 µm (Fig. 5, 7). Legs: Ratio of leg IV to body length about 0.7: 1. Approximate lengths of leg segments (femur, genu, tibia, tarsus; in µm): I 156, 38, 83, 165; II 128, 28, 83, 138; III 72, 36, 100, 133; IV 87, 63, 124, 176. Pretarsus tridactylous with large smooth empodial and slightly thinner lateral claws. Setation (I – IV, number of solenidia in parentheses): trochanters 1 – 1 – 2 – 1; femora 5 – 4 – 3 – 2; genua 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 2 (1) – 3; tibiae 4 (2) – 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 3 (1); tarsi 20 (2) – 15 (2) – 15 – 12; setation indicated in Table 2. Seta d retained as a small stub on genua leg I (Fig. 5), but absent from tibiae of adult; no evidence of retention associated with socket of solenidion 1, as illustrated for Ceratoppia bipilis (Grandjean 1935). Leg I genua setae l ” thick, barbed and spinose compared to other leg I setae (Fig. 5). Leg I tarsal solendia ω 1 and ω 2 thin, flagellate. All tarsal setae barbed except p which is simple, straight, short on leg I, increasing in length and becoming curved, almost flagellate on subsequent legs. Trochanter Femur Genu Tibia Tarsus Leg 1 v' d bv " (l) v' d * (l) v' σ (l) (v) d ‡ ϕ 1 2 (ft) (pl) (tc) (p) (u) s (a) (pv) e ω 1 ω 2 (it) (v) Leg 2 v' d bv " (l) l' (v) σ (l) (v) ϕ (ft) (tc) (p) (u) s (a) (pv) ω 1 ω 2 (it) Leg 3 v' l' d ev' l' l' v' σ l' (v) ϕ (ft) (tc) (p) (u) s (a) (pv) (it) Leg 4 v' d ev' l' v' l' (v) ϕ ft " (tc) (p) (u) s (a) (pv) * d setae present in Ceratoppia indentata and C. valerieae, retained as small stub. ‡ d setae present in some specimens of C. indentata and C. valerieae, associated with solenidia φ 1.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF46FF08FCE6FC7A690A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ceratoppia indentata n. sp. is similar to C. incisa Kaneko & Aoki, 1982 with interlamellar setae distinctly shorter than the lamellae, only reaching the base of the lamellar cusps, and a distinct invaginated rostrum. Ceratoppia indentata n. sp. differs from C. incisa by having longer, barbed posterior setae (h 1, p 3), barbed epimeral setae, longer lamellar and rostral setae, shorter lamellae not reaching the insertion of the rostral setae, and in the shape of the rostral incision. Ceratoppia incisa rostral indentation is described as having two incisions, the bottoms of which are broadly rounded (Kaneko & Aoki 1982), whereas C. indentata clearly has a single invagination of the rostral margin, with a thin, somewhat flexible, medial denticle, and many lateral denticles. Ceratoppia indentata has an unusual pattern of notogastral expression in that h 1 rather than p 1 are expressed in conjunction with p 3. The dominant form of notogastral expression among the Ceratoppia is two pairs of posterior seta (p 1 and p 3) expressed with h 1, alveolus, but three pairs of posterior notogastral seta expressed (h 1, p 2, p 3) is observed in C. sexpilosa (Seniczak & Seniczak 2010). In both C. bipilis and C. quadridentata arctica, the h 1 alveolus is directly anterior and dorsal to p 1, while in C. indentata the p 1 alveoli are well removed posteriorly and mediad to h 1. Therefore it is unlikely that p 1 and h 1 setae are simply shifted in position. It is more likely that the posterior notogastral seta expression of C. indentata is derived from the subdominant form of expression with p 2 secondarily lost.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC17DF46FF08FCE6FC7A690A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ceratoppia indentata n. sp. is the dominant Ceratoppia on the forest floor throughout most of the Pacific Northwest coastal temperate rainforest biogeoclimatic zone. Widely distributed and abundant on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, the distribution extends southward through to northern California, remaining relatively coastal. The H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon appears to be the most inland site where C. indentata has been observed, where it was recorded (as Ceratoppia sp.) as frequent, but never abundant (Moldenke & Fitcher 1988 – see their Figs. 205 – 207). Northern records appear less common, but C. indentata is recorded from the north coast of British Columbia (Lax Kw’alaams, Port Simpson). Species in the southern range appear with morphological variation; specimens observed from California are larger and darker than northern specimens, interlamellar setae are relatively slightly longer, and posterior setae p 1 are relatively slightly shorter. Loeb State Park, in southern Oregon has both variants co – occurring. The habitat of Ceratoppia indentata n. sp. appears to be mixed or single litter from both conifer and deciduous trees, moss, and lichens; often collected near beaches, small creeks, river mouths or ravines suggests a moist habitat preference.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC12DF49FF08F8B3FC1B69B2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Adult female. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Upper Walbran Valley (48 ° 39 ’ N, 124 ° 35 ’ W) 5 September 2005 (Z. Lindo) from suspended soil at 35 m in canopy of western redcedar (Thuja plicata D. Don); deposited in the CNC, type No. 23975. Paratypes: 20 with same data as holotype. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Upper Carmanah Valley (48 ° 44 ’ N, 124 ° 37 ’ W), 3 July 1990 (N. Winchester), two from moss in canopy of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.); Cowichan Lake (48 ° 50 ’ N, 124 ° 10 ’ W), 16 June 1979 (I. M. Smith), four from damp litter near creek. USA, Oregon, Benton County, Mary’s Peak Botanical Special Interest Area (44 ° 30 ’ N, 12332 ’ W), 28 June 1983 (I. M. Smith), eight from foliage sweepings. Paratypes deposited in the CNC, PFC, RNC, and ZLC. Other material examined. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Moyeha Watershed, Clayoquot Sound (49 ° 24 ’ N, 125 ° 54 ’ W); Bamfield Marine Station (48 ° 45 ’ N, 125 ° 10 ’ W); Hwy 19, 26 km N of Hwy 28 (50 ° 14 ’ N, 125 ° 34 ’ W); Pacific Rim National Park (49 ° 0 ’ N, 125 ° 36 ’ W); Heather Mountain (48 ° 57 ’ N, 124 ° 28 ’ W); Caycuse (48 ° 53 ’ N, 124 ° 21 ’ W); Goldstream Provincial Park (48 ° 28 ’ N, 123 ° 32 ’ W); Brooks Peninsula (50 ° 7 ’ N, 127 ° 46 ’ W). British Columbia: Winter Inlet, Pearse Island (54 ° 49 ’ N, 130 ° 26 ’ W); Newcombe Harbour, Pitt Island (53 ° 43 ’ N, 130 ° 5 ’ W); Graham Island, Haida Gwaii (53 ° 29 ’ N, 130 ° 20 ’ W); Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park (53 ° 4 ’ N, 126 ° 16 ’ W). USA, Oregon: Tillamook State Forest (45 ° 30 ’ N, 123 ° 39 ’ W); Siuslaw National Forest (44 ° 21 ’ N, 123 ° 48 ’ W); Alsea Falls (44 ° 20 ’ N, 123 ° 31 ’ W); H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Willamette National Forest (44 ° 10 ’ N, 123 ° 13 ’ W); Mt. Hood National Forest (45 ° 35 ’ N, 122 ° 4 ’ W); Siskiyou National Forest (42 ° 30 ’ N, 123 ° 57 ’ W); Burnt Hill (42 ° 14 ’ N, 124 ° 23 ’ W). California, Salt Point State Park (38 ° 57 ’ N, 12332 ’ W).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC12DF49FF08F8B3FC1B69B2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for the relatively long length of the lamellar cusps.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC12DF49FF08F8B3FC1B69B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult. Total length 600 – 770 µm, with character states of Peloppiidae (Grandjean, 1954; as Ceratoppiidae), and character states of Ceratoppia as described above. This species can be differentiated from other Ceratoppia by the presence of three pairs of very small posterior setae (p 1, p 2, p 3), in particular setae p 2 minute, often not discernable; lamellae long, reaching insertion of rostral setae, with 2 / 3 free cusps; lamellar setae much shorter than rostral setae; large medial rostral tooth with lateral denticles; interlamellar setae long, reaching ends of lamellae; one pair of hypostomal setae.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC12DF49FF08F8B3FC1B69B2.taxon	description	Description. Adult. (Figs. 8 – 15) Measurements: Mean total length: females (n = 6) 735 µm (range 690 – 770); males (n = 4) 660 µm (range 600 – 700) (Figs. 8 – 10). Mean notogastral width: females (n = 6) 460 µm (range 430 – 480); males (n = 4) 400 µm (range 370 – 420). Integument: Smooth to microtuberculate. Integument laterad of bothridial setae between acetabula III and IV tuberculate. Prodorsum: Rostrum with large triangular rostral tooth and one or two lateral teeth, well posterior to rostrum (Fig. 12). Seta ro 85 – 103 µm long, barbed, tapering to a sharp point, extending well beyond rostrum (Figs. 1, 11). Lamellae about 284 µm long to end of cusps, reaching well beyond insertion of ro (Fig. 12). Lamellar cusps about 183 µm long with large lateral denticle (Fig. 11). Seta le about 51 µm long, barbed, tapering, extending anteriorly beyond rostrum. Seta in barbed, 277 µm long, extending anteriorly just to or beyond tips of lamellae (Figs. 12, 14). Mutual distance of setal pairs ro – ro, le – le, and in – in, about 45, 102 (variable), and 86 µm, respectively. Seta ex not observed; alveoli well removed anteriolaterally from bothridia (Fig. 8). Bothridial seta 138 µm, thick, barbed. Lateral aspect of prodorsum: Pedotectum I well developed, dentate anteriorly, with dorsal cusp about 20 µm (Fig. 14). Notogaster: Subequal length to width, (ratio l: w = 1.01: 1); hysterosoma often fattened with 6 – 21 eggs of considerable size (about 237 µm long). Notogastral setae reduced to alveoli, except for three pairs of posterior setae. Alveoli h 1 variable in position. Posterior notogastral setae p 1, about 23 µm long (range 15 – 28, n = 14), minutely barbed (Figs. 10, 14); setae p 2 present, very small, about 5 µm, setose (Fig. 15), not discerned on all specimens; setae p 3 about 19 µm long (range 13 – 30, n = 12), minutely barbed (Figs. 13 – 15). Lyrifissures im, ip, ih, and ips present, all about 10 µm long. Ventral region: Apodeme IV forming shallow furrow with minitectum on anterior portion, thinning near genital aperture. Coxisternal setae smooth or with a few barbs, acuminate, relatively long; formula (epimeres I to IV) 3 – 1 – 3 – 3. Setae lengths as follows: 1 a, 1 b, 1 c about 43, 77, 76 µm, respectively, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c about 39, 30, 104, 25 µm, respectively, and 4 a, 4 b, 4 c about 35, 34 and 25 µm, respectively. Six pairs of genital setae ranging in length from 18 – 25 µm, with longest g 4 and g 5, setose. Aggenital seta about 26 µm long, setose. Two pairs of anal setae about 18 µm long, setose. Three pairs of adanal setae; ad 3 about 23 µm, simple to minutely barbed; ad 1 and ad 2 thicker, barbed, about 25 and 26 µm long, respectively (Fig. 15). Lyrifissure iad 8 µm long, anterior to ad 3. Gnathosoma: Subcapitular mentum without tectum; one pair of setae h about 45 µm long; gnathosomal setae m 48 µm long, and a about 36 µm long (Fig. 11). Legs: Ratio of leg IV to body length about 0.7: 1. Approximate lengths of leg segments (femur, genu, tibia, tarsus; in µm): I 144, 41, 89, 146; II 120, 27, 85, 137; III 86, 39, 115, 131; IV 96, 67, 149, 174. Pretarsus tridactylous with large smooth empodial and slightly thinner lateral claws. Setation (I – IV, number of solenidia in parentheses): trochanters 1 – 1 – 2 – 1; femora 5 – 4 – 3 – 2; genua 3 (1) – 3 (1) – 2 (1) – 3; tibiae 4 (2) – 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 3 (1); tarsi 20 (2) – 15 (2) – 15 – 12; setation indicated in Table 2. Seta d absent from genua and tibiae of adult, no evidence of retention associated with socket of solenidion ϕ 1, as illustrated for Ceratoppia bipilis (Grandjean 1935). Leg I genua setae l ” thick and barbed compared to other leg I setae. Leg I tarsal solendia ω 1 and ω 2 subequal in length. All tarsal setae barbed except p which is simple, straight, short on leg I, increasing in length and becoming curved, almost flagellate on subsequent legs.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC12DF49FF08F8B3FC1B69B2.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Rostral tooth of C. longicuspis n. sp. and cusps of lamellae prominent, generally larger and longer than other species of Ceratoppia. Possible similar but undescribed species from the east coast of Canada with large rostral tooth and long lamellar cusps with short lamellar setae. Patterns of posterior setal expression among the Ceratoppia reveal two main forms; a dominant state with two pairs of posterior seta (p 1 and p 3) expressed, and a subdominant combination of three pairs of posterior notogastral seta expressed (h 1, p 2, p 3) (Seniczak & Seniczak 2010). However, while Ceratoppia longicuspis posterior setal expression is similar to C. sexpilosa with three pairs of posterior setae, it is p 1 rather than h 1 that is expressed with p 2 and p 3. All setae are short, in particular, setae p 2 are minute and not observable in most specimens. A similar expression of p - series notogastral setae is found within the Gustavioidea in Gustavia fusifer (C. L. Koch, 1841) (Seniczak & Seniczak 2010).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC12DF49FF08F8B3FC1B69B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Ceratoppia longicuspis n. sp. is the dominant Ceratoppia in arboreal habitats, primarily epiphytic bryophytes, through most of the Pacific Northwest coastal temperate rainforest biogeoclimatic zone, but also co – occurring in lesser abundance in forest floor habitats with other Ceratoppia species described herein. Widely distributed and abundant on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, the distribution extends southward through to northern California, and northward to Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands) and the north coastal of British Columbia (Pearse Island, Pitt Island, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park). Ceratoppia longicuspis has a mainly coastal distribution, but occurs occasionally in interior British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. FIGURES 10 – 15. Ceratoppia longicuspis n. sp., scanning electron microscope images of adult. 10, habitus, dorsal aspect, posterior setae (p 1); 11, gnathosoma, ventral aspect, gnathosomal setae (a), (m), hypostomal setae (h), lamellar setae (le), and rostral setae (ro); 12, prodorsum in dorsal aspect, interlamellar setae (in), lamellar setae (le), and rostral tooth; 13, habitus, ventral aspect, posterior setae (p 3); 14, habitus, lateral aspect, bothridial setae (bo), interlamellar setae (in), posterior setae (p 1, p 3), pedotectum I (Pd); 15, posterior ventral plate, ventral aspect, adanal setae (ad 1, ad 2), posterior notogastral setae (p 2, p 3). Scale bars = 300 µm (Figs. 10, 13, 14), 200 µm (Fig. 12), and 100 µm (Fig. 11, 15).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC1EDF4DFF08FF44FEEC6C60.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Adult female. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Sydney Inlet, Clayoquot Sound (49 ° 30 ’ N, 126 ° 17 ’ W), 12 August 2007 (K. Jordan & Z. Lindo) from moss in canopy of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.); deposited in the CNC, type No. 23977. Paratypes: two with same data as holotype. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Moyeha Watershed, Clayoquot Sound (49 º 24 ’ N, 125 º 54 ’ W), 14 August 2007 (K. Jordan), two from moss in canopy of Sitka spruce; Watta Watershed, Clayoquot Sound (49 º 27 ’ N, 126 º 01 ’ W), 15 August 2007 (K. Jordan), two from moss in canopy of Sitka spruce; Tranquil Watershed, Clayoquot Sound (49 º 12 ’ N, 125 º 40 ’ W), 18 August 2007 (K. Jordan), two from moss in canopy of Sitka spruce. USA, Oregon, Curry County: Sunshine Bar, Rogue River National Forest (42 ° 42 ’ N, 124 ° 19 ’ W), 12 July 1985 (I. M. Smith), three from moss on rocks; Alfred A. Loeb State Park (42 ° 6 ’ N, 124 ° 11 ’ W), 12 August 1985 (E. E. Lindquist), three from moss and lichens around trunks of tan-oak and willow. Paratypes deposited in the CNC, PFC, and ZLC. Other material examined. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Upper Walbran Valley (48 ° 39 ’ N, 124 ° 35 ’ W). USA, Washington, Quinault Rain Forest, Olympic National Forest (47 ° 32 ’ N, 123 ° 40 ’ W). Oregon, Oneonta Gorge, Mt. Hood National Forest (45 ° 35 ’ N, 122 ° 4 ’ W); Proxy Falls, Willamette National Forest (44 ° 9 ’ N, 121 ° 55 ’ W). FIGURES 18 – 23. Ceratoppia tofinoensis n. sp., scanning electron microscope images of adult. 18, habitus, dorsal aspect, interlamellar setae (in), bothridial setae (bo), posterior setae (p 1, p 3); 19, habitus, ventral aspect, posterior setae (p 3); 20, gnathosoma, ventral aspect, gnathosomal setae (a, m), hypostomal setae (h), and rostral tooth; 21, habitus, lateral aspect, bothridial setae (bo), lamellar setae (le), rostral setae (ro), and posterior setae (p 1, p 3); 22, prodorsum, lateral aspect, bothridial setae (bo), lamellar setae (le), rostral setae (ro), lateral carina (car), pedotectum I (PdI), and pedotectum II (PdII); 23, posterior notogaster, dorsal aspect, posterior notogastral setae (p 1, p 3). Scale bars = 300 µm (Figs. 18, 19, 21), 100 µm (Fig. 22), and 50 µm (Figs. 20, 23).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC1EDF4DFF08FF44FEEC6C60.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the town of Tofino within the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve on Vancouver Island, Canada, the type locality of this species.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC1EDF4DFF08FF44FEEC6C60.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult. Total length 530 – 580 µm, with character states of Peloppiidae (Grandjean, 1954; as Ceratoppiidae), and character states of Ceratoppia as described above. This species can be differentiated from other Ceratoppia by the presence of two pairs of very short posterior setae (p 1, p 3); single pair of hypostomal setae on mentum; interlamellar setae longer than lamellar cusps; lamellae not reaching the insertion of the rostral setae; wide medial rostral tooth.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC1EDF4DFF08FF44FEEC6C60.taxon	description	Description. Adult. (Figs. 16 – 23) Measurements: Mean total length: females (n = 3) 573 µm (range 570 – 580); males (n = 1) 530 µm (Figs. 16 – 17). Mean notogastral width: females (n = 3) 333 µm (range 320 – 380); males (n = 1) 310 µm. Integument: Smooth to microtuberculate; cerotegument primarily present at dorsosejugal scissure and laterally on prodorsum. Prodorsum: Rostrum with wide medial tooth (Fig. 20), and about three lateral denticles. Seta ro 65 – 75 µm long, acuminate, heavily barbed, extending well beyond rostrum (Fig. 16, Figs. 21 – 22). Lamellae about 192 µm long to end of cusps, not reaching insertion of ro. Lamellar cusps about 70 µm long with short lateral denticle. Seta le about 97 µm long, thick, heavily barbed, tapering to a sharp point (Figs. 21 – 22). Seta in thick, heavily barbed, 216 µm long, extending anteriorly to or just beyond tips of lamellae (Fig. 16, Fig. 18). Mutual distance of setal pairs ro – ro, le – le, and in – in, about 46, 58, and 66 µm, respectively. Seta ex not observed; alveoli lateral of bothridial cups. Bothridial seta 135 µm long, with long barbs, almost brush – like (Fig. 18). Lateral aspect of prodorsum: Pedotectum I well developed, dentate anteriorly, with dorsal cusp, about 20 µm, triangular in shape (Fig. 22). Pedotectum II well developed, rounded anteriorly. Notogaster: Longer than wide, (ratio l: w = 1.11: 1); hysterosoma often fattened with two to four eggs of considerable size (about 264 µm long). Notogastral setae reduced to alveoli, except for two pairs of posterior setae (Fig. 18, Fig. 23). Alveoli with porose areas (Fig. 16). Minute depressions of notogaster in position of h 1. Posterior notogastral setae p 1, about 13 µm long (range 10 – 20, n = 11), thin, setose or with minute barbs; setae p 3 about 27 µm long (range 20 – 30, n = 11) barbed, thicker than p 1 (Fig. 23). Single specimen with asymmetical hypertricous p 3 seta on right side. Lyrifissures im, ip, ih, and ips present, all about 10 µm long; im anteriomedial to notogastral alveoli lp. Ventral region: Apodeme IV forming shallow furrow with minitectum on anterior portion, thinning near genital aperture as described by Grandjean (1970). Coxisternal setae barbed, acuminate, relatively long; formula (epimeres I to IV) 3 – 1 – 3 – 3. Setae lengths as follows: 1 a, 1 b, 1 c about 33, 71, 68 µm, respectively, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c about 32, 26, 74, 24 µm, respectively, and 4 a, 4 b, 4 c about 30, 29 and 24 µm, respectively. Extra 2 a setae on right side of single specimen (Fig. 17). Six pairs of genital setae ranging in length from 18 – 23 µm, with longest g 5 and g 6, setose. Aggenital seta about 21 µm long, setose, asymmetry observed in a single specimen (two pairs of aggenital setae on left side). Two pairs of anal setae about 13 µm long. Three pairs of adanal setae; ad 3 20 µm, thin, barbed, different from ad 1 and ad 2 which are barbed, thicker, about 29 and 27 µm long, respectively, subequal to p 3 (Fig. 17, Fig. 19). Lyrifissure iad 8 µm long, anteriolateral to ad 3. Gnathosoma: Subcapitular mentum without tectum; one pair of setae h about 53 µm long; gnathosomal setae m 44 µm long; a about 28 µm long (Fig. 20). Legs: Ratio of leg IV to body length about 0.7: 1. Approximate lengths of leg segments (femur, genu, tibia, tarsus; in µm): I 135, 38, 73, 141; II 97, 24, 66, 118; III 64, 35, 84, 124; IV 72, 57, 112, 162. Pretarsus tridactylous with large smooth empodial and slightly thinner lateral claws. Setation (I – IV, number of solenidia in parentheses): trochanters 1 – 1 – 2 – 1; femora 5 – 4 – 3 – 2; genua 3 (1) – 3 (1) – 2 (1) – 3; tibiae 4 (2) – 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 3 (1); tarsi 20 (2) – 15 (2) – 15 – 12; setation indicated in Table 2. Femur of leg II – IV with well developed ventral keel; femur leg I relatively slender without ventral keel. Seta d absent from genua and tibiae of leg I, no evidence of retention associated with socket of solenidion ϕ 1, as illustrated for Ceratoppia bipilis (Grandjean 1935). Tibiae solenidion ϕ 1 of leg I flagellate, well anterior of ϕ 2. Leg I tarsal solenidia ω 1 and ω 2 flagellate; famulus e tiny, spinose. Leg II tarsal solenidia ω 1 and ω 2 subequal, straight. Leg IV seta l’ of tibia and tarsus large, heavily barbed, almost 100 µm long. Single specimen with deformed right leg I tibia and tarsus; tibia slightly reduced in size and missing v’; tarsus greatly reduced in size (approximately half the length), without claws, ending in a blunt curve, setae greatly reduced in size, some phylloform.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC1EDF4DFF08FF44FEEC6C60.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ceratoppia tofinoensis n. sp. is differentiated from other species of Ceratoppia by a unique set of character states rather than a single diagnostic character: two pairs of short posterior setae (p 1, p 3); single pair of hypostomal setae on mentum; interlamellar setae longer than lamellar cusps; lamellae not reaching the insertion of the rostral setae; medial rostral tooth. Patterns of posterior setal expression for C. tofinoensis n. sp. follow the dominant character state of two pairs of posterior seta (p 1 and p 3) expressed (Seniczak & Seniczak 2010), although the reduction of h 1 alveoli to small depressions suggests a variability in h 1, p 1 setae expression in other species may be more complicated than previously considered.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC1EDF4DFF08FF44FEEC6C60.taxon	distribution	Distribution.: Ceratoppia tofinoensis n. sp. appears to have a restricted distribution within the coastal temperate rainforest of the North American Pacific Northwest, possibly due to low sampling in arboreal habitats, or general low abundance compared to C. indentata and C. longicupsis. Within Canada, C. tofinoensis appears restricted to west coastal locations on Vancouver Island, occurring with highest densities within Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere reserve near the town of Tofino, British Columbia. Southern records of C. tofinoensis through Washington and Oregon States are for single specimens, but include more continental locations such as Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon and the Willamette National Forest, Oregon. Ceratoppia tofinoensis may be an arboreal specialist, which would reduce the incidence of collection in most sampling, and explain the low occurrence in the rest of C. tofinoensis range.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC19DF50FF08FD6AFD896B11.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Adult female. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Upper Walbran Valley (48 ° 39 ’ N, 124 ° 35 ’ W), 25 July 2005 (Z. Lindo) from suspended soil and bark scraping at 30 m in western redcedar (Thuja plicata D. Don); deposited in the CNC, type No. 23978. Paratypes: 15 with same data as holotype. Canada, British Columbia: Vancouver Island, Cowichan Lake Field Station (48 ° 50 ’ N, 124 ° 10 ’ W), 16 June 1979 (I. M. Smith), four from leaf litter beside creek; Spruce Bay Beach, E. C. Manning Provincial Park (49 ° 3 ’ N, 120 ° 50 ’ W), 13 July 1986 (V. Behan-Pelletier), six from decaying moss on trunk under western redcedar. USA, Washington, Spruce Trail, Olympic National Park (47 ° 51 ’ N, 123 ° 56 ’ W), 25 September 2000 (V. Behan-Pelletier), three from twigs of western hemlock. Paratypes deposited in the CNC, RNC, and ZLC. Other material examined. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Upper Carmanah Valley (48 ° 44 ’ N, 124 ° 37 ’ W); Barkley Sound (48 ° 58 ’ N, 124 ° 6 ’ W); Caycuse (48 ° 53 ’ N, 124 ° 21 ’ W); Mesachie Lake (48 ° 48 ’ N, 124 ° 7 ’ W); Honeymoon Bay (48 ° 48 ’ N, 124 ° 10 ’ W); Municipality of the Highlands (48 ° 32 ’ N, 123 ° 30 ’ W); British Columbia: Graham Island, Haida Gwaii (53 ° 28 ’ N, 132 ° 25 ’ W); Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park (53 ° 3 ’ N, 126 ° 21 ’ W); Garibaldi Provincial Park (49 ° 53 ’ N, 122 ° 47 ’ W); Manning Park, E. C. Manning Provincial Park (49 ° 10 ’ N, 119 ° 33 ’ W); Oliver (49 ° 3 ’ N, 120 ° 46 ’ W); Madeline Lake, Penticton (49 ° 30 ’ N, 119 ° 38 ’ W); Lumby (50 ° 15 ’ N, 118 ° 58 ’ W); Sugar Lake (50 ° 24 ’ N, 118 ° 29 ’ W); Silverton (49 ° 55 ’ N, 117 ° 22 ’ W). Alberta, Waterton Lakes National Park (49 ° 8 ’ N, 113 ° 58 ’ W). USA, Washington, Nason Creek, Wenatchee National Forest (47 ° 47 ’ N, 120 ° 42 ’ W); Wind River Canopy Crane, Gifford Pinchot National Forest (45 ° 48 ’ N, 121 ° 55 ’ W); Grand Ronde River at Hwy 129 (46 ° 2 ’ N, 117 ° 15 ’ W). Oregon, Proxy Falls, Willamette National Forest (44 ° 9 ’ N, 121 ° 55 ’ W). California, Mendocino National Forest (39 ° 34 ’ N, 122 ° 49 ’ W); Stirling City (39 ° 53 ’ N, 121 ° 31 ’ W); Purisima Creek Redwoods Regional Open Space near Halfmoon Bay (37 ° 24 ’ N, 122 ° 21 ’ W).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC19DF50FF08FD6AFD896B11.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of the eminent oribatologist Dr. Valerie Behan – Pelletier, mentor and friend, who has contributed extensively to our knowledge of oribatid mites.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC19DF50FF08FD6AFD896B11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult. Total length 540 – 670 µm, with character states of Peloppiidae (Grandjean 1954; as Ceratoppiidae), and character states of Ceratoppia as described above. This species can be differentiated from other Ceratoppia by the presence of two pairs of hypostomal setae on mentum; two pairs of very short posterior notogastral setae (p 1, p 3), lamellae not reaching insertion of rostral setae; wide medial rostral tooth.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC19DF50FF08FD6AFD896B11.taxon	description	Description. Adult. (Figs. 24 – 31) Measurements: Mean total length: females (n = 6) 647 µm (range 590 – 670); males (n = 4) 585 µm (range 540 – 650) (Figs. 24 – 25, Fig. 28). Mean notogastral width: females (n = 6) 388 µm (range 370 – 410); males (n = 4) 348 µm (range 300 – 390). Integument: Microtuberculate. Integument laterad of bothridial setae between acetabula III and IV tuberculate. Cerotegument microtuberculate, primarily present at dorsosejugal scissure and laterally on prodorsum. Prodorsum: Rostrum coming to a point with about five lateral teeth. Lateral ridge extending from base of acetabula I to rostrum (Fig. 26). Seta ro 43 – 58 µm long, barbed, tapering, extending well beyond rostrum (Figs. 26 – 27). Lamellae about 200 µm long to end of cusps, not reaching insertion of ro. Lamellar cusps about 73 µm long with small lateral denticle. Seta le about 93 µm long, barbed, tapering, extending anteriorly beyond rostrum (Figs. 26 – 27). Seta in barbed, 206 µm long, extending anteriorly to reach, or just beyond end of lamellae (Fig. 28). Mutual distance of setal pairs ro – ro, le – le, and in – in, about 51, 64, and 77 µm, respectively. Seta ex not observed; alveoli lateral of bothridia. Bothridial seta 126 µm long, barbed, with barbs increasing in length terminally (Fig. 26). Lateral aspect of prodorsum: Pedotectum I well developed, dentate anteriorly, with dorsal cusp about 15 µm. Notogaster: Slightly longer than wide, (ratio l: w = 1.07: 1); hysterosoma often fattened with one to eight eggs (about 255 µm long). Notogastral setae reduced to alveoli, except for two pairs of posterior setae (Fig. 31). Posterior notogastral setae p 1, about 22 µm long (range 18 – 30, n = 13), thin, barbed; setae p 3 about 15 µm long (range 13 – 23, n = 13) thin, barbed (Fig. 31). Lyrifissures im, ip, ih, and ips present, all about 8 µm long. Ventral region: Coxisternal setae barbed, acuminate, relatively long; formula (epimeres I to IV) 3 – 1 – 3 – 3. Setae lengths as follows: 1 a, 1 b, 1 c about 34, 62, 67 µm, respectively (Fig. 27); 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c about 33, 27, 76, 25 µm, respectively, and 4 a, 4 b, 4 c about 38, 31 and 29 µm, respectively (Fig. 25). Six pairs of genital setae ranging in length from 20 – 38 µm, with longest g 5 and g 6, setose. Aggenital seta about 20 µm long, setose. Two pairs of anal setae about 16 µm long, setose. Asymmetry observed in single specimen with extra anal setae on left side. Three pairs of adanal setae; ad 3 about 24 µm, thin, barbed; ad 1 and ad 2 thicker, barbed, about 28 and 29 µm long, respectively (Fig. 25). Lyrifissure iad 10 µm long, anterior to ad 3. Gnathosoma: Subcapitular mentum without tectum; two pairs of hypostomal setae, h 1 (medial) about 46, h 2 (lateral) about 48 µm long (Fig. 25, Fig. 27). Asymmetry observed in three specimens, two which had reduced number of h setae on left side, and one which possessed an extra h setae (3) on right side. Gnathosomal setae m 44 µm long, and a about 29 µm long. FIGURES 26 – 31. Ceratoppia valerieae n. sp., scanning electron microscope images of adult. 26, habitus, frontal aspect, bothridial setae (bo), interlamellar setae (in), lamellar seta (le); rostral setae (ro), lateral carina (car); 27, gnathostome, ventral aspect, lamellar setae (le), rostral setae (ro), two pairs of hypostomal setae (h 1, h 2), epimeral setae 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c, genua leg I seta d stub (d); 28, habitus, dorsal aspect, posterior setae (p 1), interlamellar setae (in); 29, habitus, ventral aspect, posterior setae (p 3); 30, distal portion of tarsus leg IV, setae p’ and p ”; 31, posterior notogaster, dorsal aspect, posterior setae (p 1, p 3). Scale bars = 300 µm (Figs. 28, 29), 200 μm (Fig. 26), 100 μm (Figs. 27, 31), and 30 μm (Fig. 30). Legs: Ratio of leg IV to body length about 0.7: 1. Approximate lengths of leg segments (femur, genu, tibia, tarsus; in µm): I 139, 37, 86, 142; II 109, 27, 80, 133; III 75, 37, 107, 135; IV 73, 35, 94, 117. Pretarsus tridactylous with large smooth empodial and slightly thinner lateral claws. Setation (I – IV, number of solenidia in parentheses): trochanters 1 – 1 – 2 – 1; femora 5 – 4 – 3 – 2; genua 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 2 (1) – 3; tibiae 4 (2) – 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 3 (1); tarsi 20 (2) – 15 (2) – 15 – 12; setation indicated in Table 2. Seta d retained as a small stub on genua leg I (Fig. 27). Leg I tibia solenidion ϕ 1 on prominent tubercle, retention of seta d associated with socket of solenidion ϕ 1 in some specimens, as illustrated for Ceratoppia bipilis (Grandjean 1935). Setae p’ and p ” of leg I tarsus, straight, not barbed; setae p’ and p ” of tarsus legs II – IV ending in bulbous tip (Fig. 30). Tibiae solenidion ϕ 2 of leg I only ¼ length of ϕ 1; leg I tarsal solenidia ω 1 and ω 2 subequal, straight. Leg I tarsal seta s horn-like. Porose areas dorsolateral and antiaxial on femora of all legs, and trochanters III, IV. Femora with crenulations.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC19DF50FF08FD6AFD896B11.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The dominant gnathosomal setae character state is a single pair of hypostomal setae (h) on the mentum as reported for most described species. However, C. clavisensillata Choi, 1998, C. bipilis, and the subspecies C. bipilis spinipes possess two pairs of hypostomal setae. Ceratoppia valerieae n. sp. also possess two pairs of hypostomal setae, but differs from C. bipilis and C. bipilis spinipes in having very short posterior notogastral setae, and from C. clavisensillata in having setiform bothridial setae with barbs, rather than clavate bothridial setae (Choi 1998). There are two possibly undescribed species of Ceratoppia from eastern Canada which also possess two pairs of h setae, and further investigation into these, and differences between C. bipilis and C. bipilis spinipes are warranted. Hypertrichy / neotrichy in the form of two pairs of hypostomal setae is rare among Oribatida, and when present in Ceratoppia, arises in the tritonymph (Grandjean 1936). Grandjean (1936) also noted that asymmetry in hypostomal setae was common among species possessing two pairs of as seen here.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC19DF50FF08FD6AFD896B11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ceratoppia valerieae n. sp. occurs frequently throughout southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. In forest floor samples, it occurs in low abundance, however it was the dominant microarthropod collected in canopy malaise traps in the Upper Carmanah Valley. Distribution range of C. valerieae follows a north – south coastal temperate rainforest distribution, however, also occurs in interior zones of British Columbia and Washington. Ceratoppia valerieae is the dominant Ceratoppia of interior British Columbia occurring as far east as Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta where it frequently co – occurs with C. bipilis. Interior populations of C. valerieae are a bit larger, with slightly longer prodorsal and posterior notogastral setae, however, relative proportions of setae to body size are the same. Specimens collected from northern populations (Haida Gwaii and Tweedsmuir Provincial Park near Bella Coola, British Columbia) are larger and darker than specimens collected from other locations in British Columbia. Similarly, the specimens observed from the most southerly part of the distribution (Proxy Falls, Oregon, and Stirling City and Half Moon Bay, California) exhibited morphological variation in the form of a larger body size.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC04DF53FF08FAB8FB09686F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Adult female. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Upper Walbran Valley, 48 ° 39 ’ N, 124 ° 35 ’ W, 25 July 2005 (Z. Lindo & N. N. Winchester) from bark scraping at 16 m in western redcedar (Thuja plicata D. Don); deposited in the CNC, type No. 23976. Paratypes: 20 with same data as holotype. Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, Rainforest Trail (49 ° 00 ’ N, 125 ° 37 ’ W), 13 October 2005 (V. Behan-Pelletier), one from moss and bark at breast height on western redcedar. Paratypes deposited in the CNC, PFC, RNC, and ZLC. Other material examined. Canada, British Columbia: Graham Island, Haida Gwaii (53 ° 28 ’ N, 132 ° 25 ’ W); Cape St. James, Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, Haida Gwaii (51 ° 56 ’ N, 131 ° 1 ’ W).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC04DF53FF08FAB8FB09686F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin “ offa ” meaning “ lump ”, and refers to the prominent bump on the rostrum seen in lateral view.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC04DF53FF08FAB8FB09686F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adult. Total length 570 – 640 µm, with character states of Peloppiidae (Grandjean, 1954; as Ceratoppiidae), and character states of Ceratoppia as described above. This species can be differentiated from other Ceratoppia by the presence of a single pair of hypostomal setae; two pairs of posterior notogastral setae conspicuous (p 1, p 3); rostrum rounded with many denticles but without prominent medial tooth, or indentation; rostrum in lateral view with prominent ‘ bump’; lamellae with short cusps not reaching the insertion of rostral setae; interlamellar setae distinctly longer than lamellae.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC04DF53FF08FAB8FB09686F.taxon	description	Description. Adult. (Figs. 32 – 38) Measurements: Mean total length: females (n = 6) 625 µm (range 620 – 640); males (n = 4) 575 µm (range 570 – 580) (Figs. 32 – 34). Mean notogastral width: females (n = 6) 360 µm (range 330 – 370); males (n = 4) 333 µm (range 310 – 350). Integument: Smooth to microtuberculate. Integument laterad of bothridial setae between acetabula III and IV tuberculate. Prodorsum: Rostrum without medial tooth, dentate with five to eight teeth (Fig. 32, Figs. 37 – 38). Seta ro 80 µm long, acuminate, thick, barbed, extending well beyond rostrum (Figs. 36 – 38). Lamellae about 220 µm long to end of cusps, not reaching insertion of ro (Fig. 37). Lamellar cusps about 61 µm long. Seta le about 110 µm long, barbed, tapering, extending anteriorly well beyond rostrum (Figs. 36 – 38). Seta in barbed, 260 µm long, extending anteriorly beyond tips of lamellae (Fig. 37). Mutual distance of setal pairs ro – ro, le – le, and in – in, about 68, 60, and 77 µm, respectively. Seta ex not observed; alveoli removed anteriolaterally from bothridial. Bothridial seta 160 µm long, with long barbs (Fig. 34). Lateral aspect of prodorsum: Pedotectum I well developed, rounded and crenulate anteriorly, with dorsal cusp about 18 µm long. Prominent bump on the rostrum seen in lateral view (Figs. 37 – 38). Lateral ridge from base of acetabula I to base of rostrum (Fig. 38). Notogaster: Subequal length to width, (ratio l: w = 1.01: 1); hysterosoma often fattened with four eggs of considerable size (about 280 µm long). Notogastral setae reduced to alveoli, except for two pairs of posterior setae. Posterior notogastral setae p 1 about 55 µm long (range 48 – 63, n = 11), barbed; setae p 3 about 46 µm long (range 40 – 55, n = 10) barbed (Fig. 32, Fig. 34). FIGURES 34 – 38. Ceratoppia offarostrata n. sp., scanning electron microscope images of adult. 34, habitus, dorsal aspect, bothridial setae (bo), interlamellar setae (in), lamellar seta (le), posterior setae (p 1, p 3); 35, habitus, ventral aspect, posterior setae (p 3), adanal setae (ad 1, ad 2); 36, habitus, frontal aspect, bothridial setae (bo), interlamellar setae (in), lamellar seta (le), rostral setae (ro); 37, prodorsum, dorsal aspect, interlamellar setae (in), lamellar setae (le), rostral setae (ro), and rostral bump (a); 38, rostrum, anterio – lateral aspect, showing rostral bump (a), rostral setae (ro), lamellar setae (le), and lateral carina (ca). Scale bars = 300 µm (Fig. 34, 35), 200 µm (Fig. 36), 100 µm (Fig. 37), and 50 µm (Fig. 38). Lyrifissures im, ip, ih, and ips present, all about 8 µm long. Ventral region: Coxisternal setae smooth or with a few barbs, acuminate; formula (epimeres I to IV) 3 – 1 – 3 – 3 (Fig. 33). Setae lengths as follows: 1 a, 1 b, 1 c about 35, 78, 93 µm, respectively, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c about 32, 21, 94, 21 µm, respectively, and 4 a, 4 b, 4 c about 37, 35 and 21 µm, respectively. Six pairs of genital setae ranging in length from 18 – 25 µm, with longest g 5 and g 6, setose. Aggenital seta about 21 µm long, setose, acuminate. Two pairs of anal setae about 21 µm long, acuminate. Three pairs of adanal setae; ad 3 24 µm, ad 1 34 µm and ad 2 30 µm, all barbed (Fig. 33, Fig. 35). Lyrifissure iad 8 µm long, anterior to ad 3. Gnathosoma: Subcapitular mentum without tectum; one pair of h setae about 52 µm long; gnathosomal setae m 38 µm long, and a about 31 µm long. Legs: Ratio of leg IV to body length about 0.65: 1. Approximate lengths of leg segments (femur, genu, tibia, tarsus; in µm): I 143, 35, 93, 134; II 111, 27, 79, 114; III 73, 35, 94, 117; IV 75, 50, 107, 150. Pretarsus tridactylous with large smooth empodial and slightly thinner lateral claws. Setation (I – IV, number of solenidia in parentheses): trochanters 1 – 1 – 2 – 1; femora 5 – 4 – 3 – 2; genua 3 (1) – 3 (1) – 2 (1) – 3; tibiae 4 (2) – 4 (1) – 3 (1) – 3 (1); tarsi 20 (2) – 15 (2) – 15 – 12; setation indicated in Table 2. Seta d absent from genua and tibiae of adult, no evidence of retention associated with socket of solenidion ϕ 1. Most of leg setae conspicuously barbed. Seta ft ” on tarsus leg IV prominent, thick, barbed. Femur of leg III – IV with well developed ventral keel; femur leg I – II relatively slender without ventral keel, with bumpy cerategument anteriorly. Tibiae solenidion ϕ 1 of leg I flagellate, anterior of ϕ 2 which is straight, sharp. Leg II tarsal solenidia ω 1 and ω 2 subequal, straight, relatively short; tibial solenidia ϕ straight, twice as long as genua solenidia σ. Porose areas dorsolateral and antiaxial on femora of all legs, and trochanters III, IV. Single specimen with deformed right leg I tarsus.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC04DF53FF08FAB8FB09686F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ceratoppia offarostrata n. sp. and C. sexpilosa share the characteristic rostral ‘ bump’, but C. offarostrata differs from C. sexpilosa in the number and expression of posterior notogastral setae. Ceratoppia offarostrata has two pairs of posterior notogastral setae (p 1 and p 3 expressed) versus three pairs (h 1, p 2, p 3 expressed) in C. sexpilosa (Hammer 1967). Ceratoppia offarostrata also lacks a prominent medial rostral tooth; other similar species which lack medial rostral tooth include C. sphaerica and C. hoeli Thor, 1930, but these lack the rostral ‘ bump’. Ceratoppia hoeli also differs from C. offarostrata in having simple posterior seta, very short lamellar cusps, and long lamellar setae (Thor 1930). Ceratoppia sphaerica is quite similar to C. offarostrata (two pairs of medium sized, barbed p 1, p 3 setae) but in addition to lacking the rostral bump, C. sphaerica is much larger in size (0.7 – 1.0 mm) (Hammer 1955; Seniczak & Seniczak 2010). A full diagnosis and comparison of C. offarostrata with C. sphaerica is problematic though as the original type specimen of C. sphaerica as described by L. Koch (1879) is unknown; the original drawings and text are poor. The consensus of character states for C. sphaerica are: large body size (700 – 1000 um); dark (almost black) in colour; prodorsum rounded anteriorly with a serrate or dentate edge; lamellar setae longer than rostral setae; interlamellar setae as long as prodorsum, longer than lamellae; lamellae not reaching insertion of rostral setae, with short cusps; two pair, rather short posterior notogastral setae (p 1 and p 3) (Trägårdh 1906; Gilyarov 1975; Hammer 1952; 1955; Seniczak & Seniczak 2010).	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
166F87A3FC04DF53FF08FAB8FB09686F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ceratoppia offarostrata n. sp. occurs in low frequency and low abundance in samples collected from the Walbran Valley on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Specimens collected from type locality in Walbran Valley are associated exclusively with bark scraping samples on western redcedar. Similarly, specimens collected from Pacific Rim National Park, British Columbia are from moss and bark samples collected from western redcedar trees at breast height. Association with bark habitats, and the possibility of host tree specificity, may explain the low occurrence of collection for this species. The distribution range of C. offarostrata appears limited to coastal locations on Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii. Specimens collected from Haida Gwaii have slightly shorter posterior setae and reduced rostral bump. The distributional patterns of C. sphaerica suggest this species is limited to arctic and subarctic areas in western Canada; C. offarostrata may be southern variant subspecies of C. sphaerica; further sampling of C. offarostrata and comparison with C. sphaerica is warranted.	en	Lindo, Zoe (2011): Five new species of Ceratoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Zootaxa 3036: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.204548
