identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
163F87D5FFE1FFAFC76C92505437FAAB.text	163F87D5FFE1FFAFC76C92505437FAAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atrax	<div><p>Genus Atrax —Key to species</p><p>1 Palpal tibia with 4–11 spines, dorsal spines present ...................................................... A. robustus</p><p>—— Palpal tibia with few or no spines (0–4), dorsal spines absent ...................................................... 2</p><p>2 Embolus long and slender, strongly curved; base strongly offset from tegulum (Fig. 10B) ...................................................................................... A. yorkmainorum</p><p>—— Embolus relatively shorter, wider and more weakly curved (Fig. 14B) .......................................................................................................................... A. sutherlandi</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFE1FFAFC76C92505437FAAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFE1FFB3C70593885536F81C.text	163F87D5FFE1FFB3C70593885536F81C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche	<div><p>Genus Hadronyche —Key to species</p><p>1 Large spiders (male CL 10.0–12.0). Tibia II with a large, protuberant, rounded apophysis (Fig. 30C). PLS relatively long (PLSASL&gt; 3×W) (Figs. 1F, 30D) .......................................................................... H. formidabilis</p><p>—— Spiders usually smaller. Tibia II apophysis less prominent or absent. PLS often shorter ............................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Tibia I and metatarsus I incrassate (Fig. 106F) ...................................................... H. adelaidensis</p><p>—— Tibia I and metatarsus I not incrassate ........................................................................................... 3</p><p>3 Palpal patella with many spines (12–16) (Fig. 103F). Leg II unmodified ..................................................................................................................... H. flindersi</p><p>—— Palpal patella spines absent or fewer (0–9). Leg II modified or unmodified ..................................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>4 Labium and sternum fused medially, labiosternal sigilla divided (Fig. 50A) ..................................................................................................................... H. mascordi</p><p>—— Labium and sternum not fused, labiosternal sigilla entire ............................................................. 5</p><p>5 Caput high and wide frontally, almost bulbous, rising relatively steeply from fovea (CH ≥ 0.5×CW) (Figs. 53A,C; 54B). Metatarsus II unmodified (Fig. 53E) ...................................................................................... H. nimoola</p><p>—— Not in above combination .............................................................................................................. 6</p><p>6 Chelicerae with central tooth row short, basal (Fig. 82D). Labium almost as long as wide (LL/LW 0.96) (Fig. 82A) ................................................................................................................................ H. kaputarensis</p><p>—— Not in above combination .............................................................................................................. 7</p><p>7 Embolus short, with distal flanged part set at distinct angle to shaft (Fig. 65B,C) ......................................................................................................... H. jensenae</p><p>—— Distal embolus not as above .......................................................................................................... 8</p><p>8 Chelicerae with central tooth row short, basal. (Fig. 97E). Palpal middle haematodocha widely exposed (Figs. 97H, 100B). Caput strongly raised (Fig. 97B). PMS apical segment short (Fig. 97A) ( lamingtonensis species group) ...................................................................................................... 9</p><p>—— Chelicerae with central tooth row typically long (Fig. 20G), rarely short. Palpal middle haematodocha not or rarely exposed (Fig. 48B). Caput height and PMS length variable ........................................................................................ 13</p><p>9 Cuspules on labium relatively numerous (200–225). Cheliceral margins diverge distally (Fig. 94C) .................................................................................. H. raveni</p><p>—— Cuspules on labium relatively sparse (40–100). Cheliceral margins subparallel (Fig. 97E) .................................................................................................................. 10</p><p>10 Male tarsi III and IV unmodified ........................................................................ H. lamingtonensis</p><p>—— Male tarsi III and IV swollen (“boat-shaped”) than. tarsi I and II (Fig. 3G) ....................................................................................................................................... 11</p><p>11 Cheliceral promargin with few teeth (c. 3), in short basal row. Embolus straight ............................................................................................................... H. anzses</p><p>—— Cheliceral promargin with several teeth (c. 6–12) in longer row (Figs. 99D, 102C). Embolus strongly curved (Figs. 100A,B; 102D) ............................................. 12</p><p>12 Male tarsus I strongly spinose (24–43) ................................................................. H. annachristiae</p><p>—— Male tarsus I weakly spinose (5–7) ............................................................................. H. monteithi</p><p>13 Labium relatively short (LL/LW 0.70–0.80) (Figs. 57E, 60D). Tibia II and metatarsus II with apophyseal swellings ........................................................................... 14</p><p>—— Labium relatively long (LL/LW 0.85–1.05) (Figs. 23A, 68A). Tibia II and metatarsus II apophyses/apophyseal swellings present or absent ........................................................................................................................................... 15</p><p>14 Embolus short (BulbW/EmbL 0.80), not apically twisted (Fig. 59B,C) ............................................................................................................................. H. modesta</p><p>—— Embolus longer (BulbW/EmbL 0.60), twisted apically (Fig. 62B,C) .................................................................................................................................... H. meridiana</p><p>15 Dorsal femur I and/or II with spines ............................................................................................ 16</p><p>—— Dorsal femur I, II with no spines ................................................................................................. 23</p><p>16 Tibia II with weak, proximad, spinose apophyseal swelling (Figs. 38F; 40H,I); metatarsus II lacks apophyseal swelling (Fig. 40K). Carapace relatively low (CH /CL 0.40) (Fig. 38B) .................................... H. venenata (Tasmania)</p><p>—— Not as above ................................................................................................................................. 17</p><p>17 Tibia II unmodified, with few spines (7–11); metatarsus II with small apophyseal swelling (Figs. 47G; 48H,I). Carapace relatively high (CH /CL 0.49) (Fig. 47B) ........................................................................................ H. monaro</p><p>—— Not as above ................................................................................................................................. 18</p><p>18 Tibia II and metatarsus II with apophyses/apophyseal swellings ................................................ 19</p><p>—— Tibia II and metatarsus II lacking apophyses/apophyseal swellings .............................................. 22</p><p>19 Embolus with strongly curved shaft (Fig. 29B) ......................................................... H. emmalizae</p><p>—— Embolus shaft weakly curved–straight (Fig. 25B) ...................................................................... 20</p><p>20 Male (and female) coxae I, II with thorn-like setae anterobasally (Fig. 21H), and anterolateral sternal angles with tuft of bristle-like hair (Fig. 20C,H) ........................................................................................................... H. cerberea</p><p>—— Not as above ................................................................................................................................. 21</p><p>21 Tibia II with spines distributed over apophysis and distoventral tibia (Figs. 23C; 25H,I). PLS relatively short (PLSAPW/ L 0.49) (Fig. 23E) ............................................................................................................... H. versuta (part)</p><p>—— Tibia II with spines grouped on apophyseal swelling, few or none on distoventral tibia (Figs. 34G; 36H,I). PLS relatively long (PLSAPW/ L 0.33) (Fig. 34F) ................................................................................ H. alpina (part)</p><p>22 Tibia II and metatarsus II ventrally concave (bowed) (Fig. 43I,K). Embolus relatively wide (EmbmidW/ L 0.12) (Fig. 43B) .................................... H. marracoonda</p><p>—— Tibia II and metatarsus II more or less straight, not bowed (Fig. 46I, K). Embolus narrower (EmbmidW/ L 0.08) (Fig. 46B) ......................................... H. tambo (part)</p><p>23 Tibia II and metatarsus II with apophyses/apophyseal swellings ................................................ 24</p><p>—— Tibia II and metatarsus II lacking apophyses/apophyseal swellings .............................................. 25</p><p>24 Tibia II with spines distributed over apophysis and distoventral tibia (Figs. 23C; 25H,I). PLS relatively short (PLSAPW/ L 0.49) (Fig. 23E) ............................................................................................................... H. versuta (part)</p><p>—— Tibia II with spines grouped on apophyseal swelling, few or none distributed onto distoventral tibia (Figs. 34G; 36H,I). PLS longer (PLSAPW/ L 0.33) (Fig. 34F) ..................................................................... H. alpina (part)</p><p>25 Embolus relatively broad (EmbmidW/L 0.12–0.16); moderately to strongly twisted distally (Fig. 86B,C) .......................................................................................... 26</p><p>—— Embolus relatively narrow (EmbmidW/L 0.06–0.09); weakly to moderately twisted distally (Fig. 74B,C) ..................................................................................... 29</p><p>26 Embolus base strongly offset from tegulum (Figs. 70B, 81B) .................................................... 27</p><p>—— Embolus base weakly offset from tegulum (Figs. 86B, 89B) ...................................................... 28</p><p>27 Embolus shaft strongly curved proximally, distal third strongly twisted (Fig. 81B,C). Tarsi III, IV swollen, “boat-shaped” .......................................... H. lynabrae</p><p>—— Embolus shaft curvature and distal twisting less strongly developed (Fig. 70B,C). Tarsi III, IV unmodified ............................................................................ H. infensa</p><p>28 Tibia II sinuous ventrally, with ventral spines clustered in proximal half, (Fig. 89H,I). Tarsus I spines 8–38 .......................................................................... H. walkeri</p><p>—— Tibia II not sinuous, ventral spines more scattered (Fig. 86H,I). Tarsus I spines often more numerous (30–63) ..................................................... H. macquariensis</p><p>29 Embolus slender, elongate (EmbL 3.53–4.15) (Fig. 93B) ..................................... H. levittgreggae</p><p>—— Embolus not as long (EmbL 2.18–3.06) ...................................................................................... 30</p><p>30 Labial cuspule number moderate (149–184). Bulb shorter than palpal tibia (BulbL/TibL 0.77) (Fig. 46A) ........................... H. tambo (part) (Gippsland, Victoria)</p><p>—— Labial cuspules numerous (246–393) Bulb almost as long as palpal tibia (BulbL/TibL 0.86–0.89) (Fig. 77A) .................................................................................... 31</p><p>31 Leg spines relatively few: tarsus I with 4–10, metatarsus I with 10– 16, tibia II with 3–7 spines ................................................................................................. H. orana</p><p>—— Leg spines more numerous: tarsus I with 23–46, metatarsus I with 31–56, tibia II with 13–25 spines ...................................................................................... H. valida</p><p>Generic and Species Descriptions Description. With characters of Atracinae . Medium to large sized Atracinae . Carapace longer than wide, caput only</p><p>Atrax O.P.-Cambridge weakly raised (CH /CW 0.35–0.36) and narrow frontally</p><p>(CFW/CL 0.55–0.62). Cheliceral paturon relatively less</p><p>Atrax O.P.-Cambridge 1877: 26. Type species Atrax robustus robust and narrower than in most Hadronyche spp. (Figs. O.P.-Cambridge 1877 by monotypy. Simon, 1891: 302; 4B,D; 5B,E). Cheliceral groove narrow, V-shaped; central 1892: 175, 182, 186; 1903: 967–969. Hogg, 1901: 272; teeth in single short row confined to the basal half of the Rainbow, 1911: 121; 1913: 4; 1914: 252. Rainbow &amp; groove, lateral marginal tooth rows run full length of groove. Pulleine, 1918: 165. Hickman, 1927: 63; 1964: 107. (Fig. 4F). Labium relatively short (LL/LW 0.70–0.75) Musgrave, 1927: 33; 1948: 77. Roewer, 1942: 207. (Fig. 4A). Sternum ovoid to narrow ovoid. Apical segment Bonnet, 1955: 772. Main, 1976: 70; 1981: 839; 1985: of posterior lateral spinnerets relatively long, digitiform 40. Gray, 1978: 121,125. Raven, 1980: 255; 1985: 55, 71; (PLSAPW 0.25–0.28) (Fig. 4G). Male femora I, II with Brignoli, 1983: 122. Gray, 1984: 441; Gray, 1988: 114.</p><p>dorsal spines (Fig. 4F). Male palp with patella width less than</p><p>Goloboff, 1993:6. Hedin &amp; Bond, 2006: 467. Platnick,</p><p>or equal to femur width. Bulb with a long, slender, curved</p><p>2010. Euctimena .–Rainbow 1914: 248. Type species Euctimena embolus (EmbmidW/L 0.06–0.08) (Fig. 6B). Male tibia II tibialis Rainbow 1914 by monotypy. First synonymized with a large mid-ventral conical apophysis, the narrow apex by Musgrave, 1927: 33. Hickman, 1964: 107. Gray, 1978: surmounted by short, peg-like spines (Fig. 6H,I); metatarsus 125. Raven, 1980: 255. Main, 1985: 40. Gray, 1988: 114. II sinuous (proximoventrally concave) with a small mid- Poikilomorpha .–Rainbow 1914: 264. Type species Poikilo- ventral apophysis (Fig. 6J,K). Spermathecal sacs narrow, morpha montana Rainbow 1914 by monotypy. First elongate (Fig. 5G). synonymized by Gray, 1978: 125. Raven, 1980: 255. Main, 1985: 40. Gray, 1988: 114. Included species. Atrax robustus O.P.-Cambridge, A.</p><p>sutherlandi n.sp., A. yorkmainorum n.sp.</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other atracine genera by presence of a large coniform apophysis on male tibia II (Fig. 6H,I); Distribution. Southeastern coast and highlands of Australia, and from Hadronyche by lower caput height. from the Hunter River region, New South Wales, to eastern</p><p>Victoria.</p><p>Comments. Burrows often with a weak or incomplete silk lining, typically sited under rocks and logs</p><p>Atrax robustus O.P.-Cambridge Pennant Hills, 21 March 1979, Thompson; AMS KS4045,Penrith, 25August</p><p>1979, A. Johnson; AMS KS4399, Potts Point, 5 July 1956, P. Berry Smith;</p><p>AMS KS4015, Pymble, 14 March 1949; AMS KS7466, Queenscliff, April</p><p>Figures 4–7; Tables 2, 34 1981; AMS KS4027, Rhodes, 12 May 1930, T. White; AMS KS4921,</p><p>Riverwood, 12 April 1966, R. E. Mascord; AMS KS2995, Roseville, 3 June</p><p>Atrax robustus O.P.-Cambridge, 1877: 26. Hogg, 1901: 273. 1979,? Hidder; AMS KS4869, Rydalmere, 13 March 1974 , R. Hood; AMS Musgrave, 1927: 33. Nishikawa, 1976: 179. Main, 1985 : KS4070, Ryde, January 1971 ; AMS KS4007, St. Ives, 12 May 1971 ; AMS KS4083, Scotland Island, l April 1974; AMS KS3457, Springwood, 1978 ,</p><p>41. Gray, 1978: 122. Gray, 1987: 314. Gray, 1988: 114.</p><p>A. McLean;AMS KS4922, Stanmore, 1949,January;AMS KS4971,Telopea,</p><p>Euctimena tibialis .–Rainbow, 1914: 249. First synonymized</p><p>25 April 1971, K.P. Reid; AMS KS2713, The Oaks, Apr 1979, P. McIntosh;</p><p>by Musgrave, 1927: 33. AMS KS4203,The Spit, 4 July 1948, Page;AMS KS4013, Thornleigh;AMS Poikilomorpha montana .–Rainbow, 1914: 265. KS4373, Turramurra, l April 1970; AMS KS8664, Wahroonga, 31 January Atrax montana .–Main, 1985: 41 (Transferred from 1982,A.S. Martin;AMS KS4008,Waitara, 11 March 1949;AMS KS10782, Poikilomorpha). First synonymized by Gray, 1988; 114. Warrawee, 12April 1983, Ralleston;AMS KS5146,Waverley, 15 May 1973, L. Gibson; AMS KS4367, Waverton, 4 March 1971, Dr C. Browne; AMS</p><p>Types. Holotype female: BMNH 71 (NMH). Type dry, pinned, labelled KS5131, West Pennant Hills, 19 May 1973, R. McDonald; AMS KS6148, “ New Holland ”, no other data (not seen). West Ryde, 1 January 1980, W. Bennett; AMS KS4000, Whale Beach, 21 April 1974; AMS KS4025, Willoughby, 30 July 1973, A.C. Jones; AMS</p><p>KS3185, Winston Hills, 21 July 1973, M.Gray ; AMS KS3404, AMS KS5720,</p><p>Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS2698,</p><p>Woonona, near Bulli, December 1960, S.H. Roberts; AMS KS4662,</p><p>Austinmer, 6 January 1959, N. Mitchell; AMS KS4812, Avalon Beach, 14</p><p>Wyoming, near Gosford, 14 March 1980 ; AMS KS2670, New Lambton, near</p><p>March 1976, Porritt; AMS KS4837,Avoca, 11 January 1975; AMS KS4197,</p><p>Newcastle, 1979, L. Hallinan; AMS KS1150, Newcastle, 13 March 1963,</p><p>Balgowlah, 7 January 1960, Burch; AMS KS4946, Balmoral, 18April 1974,</p><p>B.C. Dyson; AMS KS4125, Wyong, 18 March 9178; AMS KS2923,</p><p>Robinson &amp; Hoey; AMS KS4902, Bankstown, 14 April 1965; AMS KS5137,</p><p>Benandarah State Forest, 22 March 1979 – 25 April 1979, C. Horseman;AMS</p><p>Baulkham Hills, 18 January 1973, M. Gray; AMS KS4080, Bayview,2 April</p><p>KS5205, Foxground, near Gerringong, 10 April 1980, G. Wishart; AMS</p><p>1974, S. Thompson; AMS KS2956, Beecroft, 25 April 1979, D. Dean; AMS</p><p>KS5170, Ryde, 33°49'S 151°06'E, 20 May 1980, A. Brown. New South</p><p>KS3999, Belrose, 19 January 1967, Anderson; AMS KS1152, “The Mists”,</p><p>Wales (females): AMS KS4076, Artarmon, Apr 1927, J. Stewart; AMS</p><p>Berambing, December 1976, K.J. Street; AMS KS8376,Berowra,December</p><p>KS4930,Ashfield, 20 December 1930, E. Hudson; AMS KS1826, Austinmer,</p><p>1981, J. Hingley; AMS KS1852, Bilgola Plateau, 26 May 1977, H. Newton;</p><p>23 November 1959, F.E. Havand; AMS KS1377, Avalon, 15 May 1978, L.</p><p>AMS KS1148, Bilpin, 17 January 1930, E.M.Hunt; AMS KS4961, Burraneer</p><p>Reneman; AMS KS5017, Avoca, 20 September 1968, N. Tweedale; AMS</p><p>Bay, 15 December 1972; AMS KS1154, Camden, 21 February 1974, G.</p><p>KS4825, Balgowlah, 2 May 1970, G. Smith; AMS KS4987, Bankstown, 19</p><p>Seymour; AMS KS4914, Campsie, 12 February 1975, R . N. Peck; AMS</p><p>April 1949, E.A. Cox; AMS KS5140, Baulkham Hills, 18 January 1973, M.</p><p>KS4915, Caringbah, 4 April 1972, M. Sinclair ; AMS KS4773, Cardiff, 21</p><p>Gray; AMS KS2716, Bayview, 20 April 1979, B. Makins; AMS KS4358,</p><p>January 1979; AMS KS4194, Castlecrag, May 1963, I. Webb; AMS KS4484,</p><p>Beecroft, February 1928, G.A. Heumann; AMS KS4903, Belmore, 25 April</p><p>Charlestown, 1 February 1980, G. Anderson; AMS KS4372, Chatswood, 16</p><p>1924, M. Codd; AMS KS4803, Belrose, 19 January 1967, Anderson; AMS</p><p>April 1972, W. Leonard; AMS KS3990, Cheltenham, 2 April 1974, S.K.</p><p>KS1827, Bilpin, 12 April 1972, R. McDonald; AMS KS7564, Birmingham</p><p>Pearson; AMS KS14383, Cherrybrook, l April 1984, M. Backing; AMS</p><p>Gardens, near Newcastle, 6 December 1978, R . Mascord; AMS KS1674 ,</p><p>KS2957, Chester Hill, 27 May 1979, J.Paull; AMS KS4395, Clarevale Beach,</p><p>Blackheath, 24April 1948, R . McKay; AMS KS4887, Bowral; AMS KS8733,</p><p>16 January 1976, K.H. Sinfield; AMS KS4378, Clifton Gardens, 20 April</p><p>Bundanoon, February 1982, B.Erdman; AMS KS4913,Camden, 21 February</p><p>1972, Dr C.A.Monticone; AMS KS5013, Cobbitty, 11 March 1959, T. Down;</p><p>1974, G. Seymour; AMS KS4408, Berowra, 15 September 1973, J. Disney;</p><p>AMS KS4066, Collaroy, near Dee Why Lagoon, 14 December 1958, A.</p><p>AMS KS3524, Carlingford, 26 September 1979, J.Armitage; AMS KS3175,</p><p>Kabanoff; AMS KS5072, Cromer, 6 April 1980, M. Duncan; AMS KS3036,</p><p>Castle Hill, Apr 1979, F. Pearce; AMS KS4206, Castlecrag, 17 July 1973, J.</p><p>Denistone, 26 April 1979, M. Richison; AMS KS4001, Dundas, 1 March</p><p>Bunce; AMS KS4242, Chatswood, 14 November 1928, R . Barnes; AMS</p><p>1976, B. &amp; A.C. Oldsen; AMS KS7470, Dural, March 1981; AMS KS2432,</p><p>KS4325, Cheltenham, Apr 1972, D. Levy; AMS KS4211, Clarevale Beach,</p><p>East Maitland, H. Miller; AMS KS4815, Eastwood, 30 March 1976 , D.</p><p>L. &amp; M.Mortimer; AMS KS4030, Clifton Gardens, 21 April 1961, Bradley;</p><p>Griffith; AMS KS7477 , Elizabeth Bay, 5 May 1981, D. T . Cave; AMS KS1153 ,</p><p>AMS KS3188, Collaroy, February 1928, E. Osborne; AMS KS4400,</p><p>Engadine, 28 November 1972, S. Couglin; AMS KS1132, Epping, January</p><p>Collaroy Plateau, July 1966, B. Tye; AMS KS4892, Colo Vale, July 1958 ,</p><p>1977, W.J. Bunton; AMS KS1143, Faulconbridge, 8 January 1973, Stewart;</p><p>D.H. Wallace; AMS KS4905, Coogee, November 1926, Stokes; AMS</p><p>AMS KS5694, Fox Valley Reserve,near Wahroonga, 22 June 1980, B. Henke ;</p><p>KS4233, Cremorne, 21 June 1927, F.L. Grutzmacher; AMS KS4962,</p><p>AMS KS4071, Frenchs Forest, 5 June 1972, N. Hailstone ; AMS KS13409,</p><p>Galston, 2 February 1981, G. Jackson; AMS KS10976, Galston Gorge, 4</p><p>May 1983, G. Jackson; AMS KS1156, Gladesville, 20 February 1970,</p><p>McElwaine; AMS KS13752, Gordon, 22 December 1983, M. Gray; AMS</p><p>KS4771, Gosford, 21 January 1979, R. E. Mascord; AMS KS4005, Grays</p><p>Point, 5 February 1977, P. Poppett; AMS KS4382, Greenwich/Willoughby;</p><p>AMS KS1160, Hartley Vale, 8 December 1952, E.S. Miller ; AMS KS4297,</p><p>Hazelbrook, 8 January 1980, S. Clark; AMS KS5071, Heathcote, 20 April</p><p>1980, R. Witchard; AMS KS2323, Helensburgh, 6 January 1979, N. West;</p><p>AMS KS1157, Hornsby, 3 March 1976, Reed; AMS KS4949, Hurstville, 5</p><p>June 1972, A. Osten; AMS KS1161, Kembla Heights, 11 November 1963,</p><p>G. Pearce; AMS KS8678, East Beach, Kiama area, 20 January 1982 , D.</p><p>Bennedett; AMS KS4377, Killara, February 1972, P.Mayman; AMS KS3200,</p><p>Kurrajong Heights, 30 November 1969, G. Hunt; AMS KS4944, Lakemba,</p><p>7 January 1948; AMS KS1159, Lane Cove, 22 April 1930,? Graham; AMS</p><p>KS1146, Lawson, March 1956, R. Schleicher; AMS KS8920, Lindfield, 14</p><p>April 1982, B. Henstridge; AMS KS4078, McMahons Point, May 1972, N.</p><p>Mayfield; AMS KS6067, Manly, 3 November 1980; AMS KS10783,</p><p>Matcham, near Gosford, 27 March 1983, van Derbruggen; AMS KS1162,</p><p>Minnamurra Falls, 12 May 1964, R. Mascord; AMS KS4022, Mona Vale , 26</p><p>February 1973, T. Govranik; AMS KS4948, Mortdale, 13 February 1975;</p><p>AMS KS5314, Mosman, 19 June 1980, S. Pfeiffer; AMS KS4947, Mount</p><p>Colah, 25 January 1979,M. Gray; AMS KS1155, Mount Irvine, 14 November</p><p>1944, E.L. Troughton; AMS KS 5016, Mount St. Thomas, near Wollongong,</p><p>17 June 1956, L. Evans; AMS KS2146, Mount Wilson, 15 November 1978 –11</p><p>December 1978, C. Horseman; AMS KS 4009, Neutral Bay, AMS KS 3189,</p><p>Newport, September 1959, A.J. Wright; AMS KS13560, Northbridge, 30 Figure 7. Collection records for Atrax robustus (squares) and A . December 1983, J. Mayer; AMS KS4950, Parramatta, 25 March 1959, W.G.</p><p>yorkmainorum (circles).</p><p>Ashford; AMS KS4951, Peakhurst, 24 April 1945, H. Inder; AMS KS2712,</p><p>Cronulla, 13 January 1971; AMS KS4828, Dee Why, May 1932 , Rowe; Diagnosis. CL 9.22–12.30 (male). Differs from other species AMS KS4804, Dundas, January 1975 , M. Denham; AMS KS4865, Dural, by having a relatively spinose palpal tibia (4–11) with dorsal 18 January 1971, M. Thornley; AMS KS3319, Eastwood, 8 July 1979 , J.</p><p>Cullen; AMS KS4829, Elanora, 1 March 1967 , S. Marshall; AMS KS4989, spines present. Differs from A. sutherlandi by having a more Elizabeth Bay, 9 January 1958 , D. T. Cave; AMS KS1830, Emu Plains, 30 elongate embolus (BulbW/EmbL 0.30) (Fig. 6B), and from July 1957 , G.D. Sutherland; AMS KS4770, Enfield, 5 June 1905 ; AMS A. yorkmainorum by larger body size (CL 9.22–12.30) and KS4546, Epping, 17 February 1980 , J. Brand; AMS KS4990, Five Dock, shallower offset of embolus base from tegulum (Fig. 6B) .</p><p>May 1928, R . Williams; AMS KS4361, Forestville, 19 August 1971; AMS</p><p>KS8868, Freeman’s Reach, near Windsor, 26 January 1982, M. Gray;</p><p>AMS KS8377, French’s Forest, 24 October 1981 , R. Scott; AMS KS4661, Male (AMS KS4016, Gordon, New South Wales, 32°38'S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.65/lat -32.633335)">Galston</a>, 3 February 1980; AMS KS4963, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.65/lat -32.633335)">Garrie Beach</a>, 7 October 1965, 148°39'E, F. Hatton, 10 December 1949). — Size. Carapace R. Mascord; AMS KS4839, Gosford, 25 September 1964 , E.Worrell; AMS length 10.20, width 8.70. Abdomen length 9.52, width KS4207, Greenwich, 5 May 1970, K. Burns; AMS KS4966, Guildford 7.38. — Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Longer West, 27 August 1957 , S. R. Kirkwood; AMS KS1220, Hazelbrook, 23</p><p>November 1976, G. Weatherspoon; AMS KS1675, Hazelbrook, February than wide. Height 2.86. Frontal width 5.14. Fovea narrow, 1976 ; AMS KS4985, Heathcote, 26 June 1975 , R. Witchard; AMS KS4967, procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea. Anterior Helensburgh, 11 June 1951 , L. Reed; AMS KS4225, Hornsby, 7 May 1940 ; strial setae numerous. Anterolateral carapace angle with AMS KS1208, Jamieson Valley, 22 June 1953 ,A.W.Gayley; AMS KS4065, small, weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region weakly Killara, 8 March 1928 ; AMS KS5078, Kingsgrove, 1952 ; AMS KS4993, raised. Eye group width 1.85. Median ocular quadrangle Kingswood, May 1962 ; AMS KS4410, Kuring-ai Chase National Park, 23</p><p>January 1980, M. Gray; AMS KS1310, Kurrajong, February 1978 ; AMS length 0.70; anterior width 0.76, posterior width 1.13. KS4945, Lakemba, 17 March 1930; AMS KS4853, Lane Cove, 15 March Diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.58, PLE 0.38 , PME 0.26. 1973; AMS KS4968, Leichhardt, 2 September 1913, D. Hunter; AMS — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove narrow, weakly divergent . KS1834, Linden, 3 September 1950, K. Baames; AMS KS5031, Lindfield, Groove length 2.92, middle width 0.41. Cheliceral teeth: 18 29 September 1962 , M. &amp; V. Gregg; AMS KS4234, McMahons Point, Apr</p><p>1972, J. Suich; AMS KS6025, Manly, Manly Hospital, 3 November 1980; central, occupying proximal half of groove; 12 prolateral; AMS KS4907 , Matraville South, 20 October 1952, A. Brown; AMS 13 retrolateral. — Labium. Much wider than long, apically KS4238, Meadowbank, March 1963, R . H. Hall; AMS KS1829, Megalong indented. Length 1.08, width 1.68. Labiosternal sigilla Valley, R . lbow; AMS KS4856, Middle Harbour, 6 September 1933, broad, entire. Cuspules c. 300, number high, in crescentic Kaufman; AMS KS4896 , Mittagong, 30 December 1975, M. &amp; V . Gregg; transverse band. — Sternum. Ovoid, long. Length 5.45, AMS KS4360 , Mona Vale, 9 November 1975, J. Walker; AMS KS1125,</p><p>Morpeth; AMS KS4204, Mortdale, 31 January 1974 , C. Stewart; AMS width 3.88. Posterior sigilla ovoid, broad. Strong bristles KS4403, Mosman, 3 March 1932 , Patton; AMS KS3693, Mount Colah, 29 on posterior margin. — Palp. Bulb about as long as tibia. July 1979 , J. Fairlie; AMS KS4189, Mount Fairy, 25 November 1979 ; AMS Tegular region rather small, slightly wider than long. Base KS1835, Mount Irvine, 14 November 1944 , E. Troughton; AMS KS2960, of embolus weakly offset from tegulum. Embolus shaft Mount Keira, 12 May 1979 , Walsh; AMS KS4832, Mount Kuring-ai, 5</p><p>November 1972; AMS KS4808, Naremburn, 26.ii.1961 , M.Fairburn; AMS long, gently curved, strongly tapered. Distal embolus KS1126, Narara, 20 March 1930 , B. R. Everingham; AMS KS4405, weakly twisted, ejaculatory groove wide. Bulb length Narrabeen, 29 September 1957 , L.B. Trapp; AMS KS4046, Neutral Bay, 3 4.62, width 1.12. Embolus length 3.60, midwidth 0.25. November 1979 ; AMS KS797, Newport, 7 December 1977; AMS KS4064, Length of femur 4.35, patella 1.96, tibia 4.71. Width of Normanhurst, 6 April 1969 ,? Dymock; AMS KS4085, Northbridge, 26 tibia 1.80. Spination: femur 7, patella 5, tibia 10 (dorsal July 1975, D. Dickerson; AMS KS3401, Northmead, March 1973, J.</p><p>Deviana; AMS KS4195, North Narrabeen, 11 June 1952, L.J. Lizara ; AMS spines present). Some distal femoral bristles and spines KS4232, North Sydney, May 1925, Dr S.J.W. Moreau ; AMS KS4908, sinuous. — Legs. 4123 .</p><p>Oatley, 15 February 1963; AMS KS4858, Palm Beach, l February 1951,</p><p>H. R. Swaine; AMS KS4909, Parramatta, 21 March 1910; AMS KS1131, Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Peakhurst, 15 November 1969, D. Fantom; AMS KS1837, Pearl Beach, 1 8.43 4.21 6.36 6.69 3.87 29.56 24.iii.1966, J. Cooks; AMS KS1930, Pennant Hills, 6 October 1978, S. 2 7.75 3.86 6.36 6.28 3.89 28.14 el-Issa; AMS KS4045, Penrith, 25 July 1979, A. Johnson; AMS KS4969, 3 7.14 3.18 5.15 6.03 3.94 25.44 Penshurst, R. Pollett; AMS KS1844, Picton, November 1946, J.K.</p><p>McFarlane; AMS KS4072, Pittwater, 1927, A. Musgrave ; AMS KS4824, 4 8.32 3.81 6.80 7.41 4.40 30.74 Point Clare, T.A. Trewheeler; AMS KS4910, Potts Point, 5 October 1969 ,</p><p>C. Catterall; AMS KS4931, Punchbowl, 17 July 1947, F: J. Donald; AMS Tibia I width 1.50. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Leg KS4809 , Pymble, November 1971, A. Ritchie; AMS KS1850 , Richmond, I unmodified, tibial and metatarsal spines numerous. Tibia 12 October 1977, Ambulance Station; AMS KS3168 , Roseville, 18 January II with large, conical, apophysis set just proximal of centre. 1948, H. Chadwick; AMS KS4964 , Royal National Park, October 1966, R .</p><p>Mascord; AMS KS4911 , Rushcutters Bay, 24 May 1971, S.J. Penlington; A few ventral tibial spines placed proximally, absent in AMS KS4810 , Ryde, 28 October 1969, J. Garden; AMS KS4084 , St. Ives, distal half (except apical ventral spines). Distal tibia II March 1967; AMS KS4912, St. Peters, 2 February 1959, D.J. Gilks; AMS ventrally concave. Metatarsus II sinuous, curved proximally, KS5240, Scotland Island, 29 February 1980, J. Lowry; AMS KS5023, ventral spines placed upon and distal to a small, subcentral Somersby, J Brown; AMS KS1839, Springwood, 4 August 1971; AMS</p><p>KS1135, Sydney, 17 November 1969; AMS KS2715, Terry Hills, 30 April apophysis. Anterior coxal hairs unmodified. Scopulae 1979 , R. Gleeson; AMS KS4891, The Oaks, 25 February 1956; AMS legs I– IV: tarsus, weak; distal metatarsus, absent to weak. KS4899, Thirroul, September 1933, D. King; AMS KS796, Thornleigh, 8 Tarsal claw teeth legs I , II: superior 13, 11; inferior 2, 2. January 1978; AMS KS4844, Tuggerah, September 1927, H.W. Legge; Trichobothria legs I , II: tarsus 20, 19; metatarsus 15, 12; AMS KS4376, Turramurra, 1928, H.S. Wales; AMS KS13791, Wahroonga, tibia p9 r9, p8 r8. — Leg spination. Leg I; femur 9 (d6 p3), 2 February 1984,A.S. Martin; AMS KS4845, Wamberal, 4 December 1972,</p><p>J.N. Kgour; AMS KS4243, Warrawee, 24 December 1972 ,? Rickets; AMS patella 13 (p2), tibia 51 (p8), metatarsus 29, tarsus 20. Leg II: KS4063, West Pennant Hills, 15 May 1973 , S. Zucher; AMS KS6069, West femur 12 (d6 p6), patella 6 (p2–3); tibia 18 (p4), metatarsus Ryde, 10 November 1980 ; AMS KS4846, West Wallsend, 30 May 1956 , J. 22(p1), tarsus 23. Leg III: femur d7 (plus strong bristles), Donne; AMS KS4847, Weston, 4 November 1969 , I. Waugh; AMS KS4357, patella 5 (p3 r2), tibia 15 (p2 r3), metatarsus 25, tarsus 25. Willoughby, 17 August 1969 ; AMS KS5151, Winston Hills, 9 September</p><p>1972, J. Deviana; AMS KS1848, Wirrimbirra Sanctuary, 9 July 1969, M.N. Leg IV: femur 0 (long bristles present), patella r1, tibia 18 (p1 Fackender; AMS KS4862,Woolwich, May 1927, H. Switzer; AMS KS4848, r4), metatarsus 20, tarsus 21. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral Woy Woy, 13 July 1933, B. Hynson; AMS KS8295, Yagoona, February spinnerets, lengths: total 4.68; basal segment 1.52; middle 1981; AMS KS1274, Yerranderie, 20 February 1978, H. Kenny. 1.08; apical 2.08. Apical segment width 0.60 .</p><p>Female ( AMS KS13470, Gordon, N.S.W., 32°38'S 148°39'E, 3 (p2 r1), tibia 8 (p2 r2), metatarsus 23 (p9 r2), tarsus 17.</p><p>1 November 1983, C. Horseman). — Size. Carapace length Leg IV; femur 0, patella r1, tibia 6 (p1 r2), metatarsus 22</p><p>12.63, width 10.41. Abdomen length 14.82, width 12.07. (p6 r2), tarsus 25. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets-</p><p>— Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Much longer lengths: total 6.20; basal segment 2.40, middle 1.32, apical than wide. Height 2.72, frontal width 8.28. Cephalic length 2.48. Apical segment width 0.77. — Genitalia. Spermathecae</p><p>8.50. Fovea narrow, procurved, anterior margin slightly long, slender; gently curved toward midline. Basal separation indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae numerous, reach back twice the width of a spermatheca. Length 1.50, width 0.41.</p><p>to fovea. Anterior strial setae numerous. Strial and marginal setae numerous, rather short. Anterolateral carapace angle Distribution. Sydney, Central Coast and Illawarra regions with several short, weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region and west to the Blue Mountains (Fig. 7).</p><p>slightly raised. Eye group width 2.60. Diameters:AME 0.26,</p><p>ALE 0.60, PLE 0.44, PME 0.36 Interdistances: AME–AME Comments. Specimens from the Hunter River/ Newcastle</p><p>0.39, AME–ALE 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.27, ALE– PME 0.14, region are typically larger than other individuals (male CL</p><p>PME – PME 1.05. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.90, c. 12 mm) and the palpal tibia and embolus may be more</p><p>anterior width 0.94, posterior width 1.73. — Chelicerae. elongate.</p><p>Groove narrow, margins diverging distally; groove length</p><p>3.70, middle width 0.59. Cheliceral teeth: 29 central, Mating position in A. robustus . Mating was observed for</p><p>occupying basal half of groove; 15 prolateral; 14 retrolateral. A. robustus (Gray, 1986), a species with well-developed</p><p>— Labium. Wider than long, anterior margin weakly apophyses on tibia and metatarsus II. The position adopted</p><p>indented. Length 2.18, width 2.64. Cuspules occupying during its mating is almost identical to that recorded for H.</p><p>central two thirds of labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire. — formidabilis (Fig. 1F: Walker, in Mascord, 1980; Walker,</p><p>Sternum. Ovoid. Length 6.89, width 5.17. Posterior sigilla 1982), another species with large apophyses, the A. robustus</p><p>ovoid: length 1.10, width 0.60. — Palp. Spination: patella male, uses his second legs to clasp the basal parts of the</p><p>p1 (bristle-like), tibia 5, tarsus 12. Trichobothria: tibia p 11 female femora II, locking them in the cavity between</p><p>r10, tarsus 22. Tarsal claw with 10 teeth. — Legs. 4123. Legs the tibial and metatarsal apophyses. At the same time he</p><p>I, IV subequal. braces his first legs against the chelicerae and palps of the</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total rearing female, pushing her up and backwards. The main</p><p>1 9.50 5.32 7.32 6.40 3.44 31.98 difference in the H. formidabilis mating was the distal</p><p>2 8.45 4.88 6.15 5.79 3.28 28.55 crossing of the bracing first legs (Fig. 1F)—this was not</p><p>3 7.46 3.94 4.80 5.66 3.69 25.55 seen in the A. robustus matings. Hickman (1964) described</p><p>4 9.00 4.88 6.71 7.18 4.22 31.99 mating in H. infensa, a species lacking leg II apophyses. The accompanying plate shows the spiders in an almost</p><p>Tibia I width 2.30. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.44. Coxae identical position to that observed for A. robustus (although</p><p>I, II with short, anteromedial bristle-like setae. Tarsal claw Hickman’s notes are somewhat contradictory).</p><p>teeth legs I, II: superior 11, 11; inferior III, IV. Trichobothria Snazel &amp; Allison (1989) noted the marked similarities legs I, II: tarsus 24, 24; metatarsus 21, 19; tibia p10 r9, p9 between mating in H. formidabilis and Macrothele, another</p><p>r10. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur p1, patella p1, tibia 3 (p2), genus in which leg II modifications are present or absent.</p><p>metatarsus 11, tarsus 15. Leg II: femur p2, patella p2, tibia Coyle (1986) observed similar mating behaviour in Euagrus</p><p>5 (p2), metatarsus 14, tarsus 14. Leg III: femur 0, patella sp., a diplurid genus with tibia II apophyses.</p><p>Atrax yorkmainorum n.sp. Diagnosis. CL 7.39–9.22 (male). Usually smaller then A.</p><p>robustus and differs from it by palp lacking dorsal tibial</p><p>Figures 7–10; Tables 3, 34 spines, embolus base more strongly offset from tegulum,</p><p>and apical part of embolus set at angle to strongly curved</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for Dr Barbara York Main embolic shaft (Fig. 10B,C). Differs from A. sutherlandi by and Professor Bert Main, in recognition of their remarkable its more elongate, slender and curved embolus. achievements in Arachnology and Ecology.</p><p>Male (holotype). — Size. Carapace length 8.42, width</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS1042, Batlow, New South Wales, 35°30'S 7.48. Abdomen length 8.50, width 6.90. — Colour. Basic 148°08'E, H. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.13333/lat -35.5)">Smith</a>, 16 June 1951 . Paratypes (AMS). New South Wales. colour pattern. — Carapace. Height 2.69. Frontal width Males: AMS KS4104, Bago Forest, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.15/lat -35.683334)">Batlow</a>, 35°41'S 148°09'E , 5 4.57. Fovea narrow, procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae November 1979, J. Kovacs; AMS KS4607, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.16667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.16667/lat -35.416668)">Batlow-Tumut area</a>, 35°25'S 148°10'E , 5 March 1980, N. Robinson; AMS KS4718, Tumbarumba, few, reach fovea. Anterior strial setae present. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.0/lat -35.75)">Anterolateral</a> 35°45'S 148°00'E , 25 Mar AMS KS1043, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.13333/lat -35.5)">Batlow</a>, 35°30'S 148°08'E . 1980; carapace angle with small, weak bristles. — Eyes. Central AMS KS12361, AMS KS1050, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.11667/lat -35.383335)">Wondalga</a>, 35°23'S 148°07'E , 14 October eye region weakly raised. Eye group width 1.66. Median 1948, C.H. Jagoe; Females: AMS KS16451, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.13333/lat -35.5)">Batlow</a>, 35°30'S 148°08'E , ocular quadrangle length 0.57, anterior width 0.69, posterior 16 June 1951, H. V. Smith; AMS KS5054, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.683334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.15/lat -35.683334)">Bago Forest</a>, 35°41'S 148°09'E ,</p><p>width 1.05. Diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.36, PLE 0.35,</p><p>8 January 1979, J. Kovacs; AMS KS1047, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.21666/lat -35.3)">Tumut</a>, 35°18'S 148°13'E , 4 May 1977, B. Buckley.Australian Capital Territory. Males: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.93333/lat -35.3)">Uriarra Forest</a>, PME 0.19. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove narrow, margins Brindabella Range, 35°18'S 148°56'E , 9 July 1983, M. R. Gray; AMS subparallel, diverging slightly distally. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.9/lat -35.466667)">Groove</a> length 2.48, KS13396, Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, 35°28'S 148°54'E , 26 October 1983, middle width 0.26. Cheliceral teeth: 16 central, confined W. Osborne. Females: AMS KS3542, Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, 35°28'S to basal half of groove; 11 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. — 148°54'E, November 1978, P.Ormay; AMS KS928, Gibraltar <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.93333/lat -35.483334)">Falls</a>, 35°29'S 148°56'E , 24 October 1971, T. McGregor. Labium. Much wider than long, apically weakly indented .</p><p>Length 1.49, width 1.08. Labiosternal sigilla broad, entire.</p><p>Other material examined. New South Wales (males). AMS KS13534, Cuspules c. 193, number moderate, in crescentic transverse Bago Forest, near Batlow, 5 November 1979, J. Kovacs; AMS KS1041, band; frequency moderate. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 4.43, Batlow, December 1948, C.H. Jagoe; AMS KS1042, Dora Dora National width 3.62. Posterior sternal sigilla ovoid, broad. Strong Park, Jingellic near Albury, 16 January 1979, A.B. Rose (AMS) . New South Wales (females): AMS KS1041, Batlow, December 1948, C.B. bristles on posterior margin. — Palp. Tegular area small, Jagoe; AMS KS4608, Batlow-Tumut area, 5 March 1980, N. Robinson; slightly wider than long. Embolus long, slender; shaft tapered AMS KS7566, Cooma, 19 January 1980, R. Mascord; AMS KS13545, and strongly curved. Distal embolus very slender, apical Gundagai, 25 October 1983 . Australian Capital Territory (males). AMS region weakly twisted and set at angle to the embolic axis; KS13397, Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, 26 October 1983, W. Osborne; AMS ejaculatory groove narrow. Embolus base strongly offset KS13592, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.21666/lat -35.283333)">Canberra area</a>, 35°17'S 149°13'E, 13 Dec 1983, T. Mitchell . Australian Capital Territory (females): AMS KS654, Honeysuckle from tegulum. Bulb length 4.16, width 1.10. Embolus length Creek, 24 February 1977, M. Noble; AMS KS12032, Gudgenby National 3.23, midwidth 0.18. Length of femur 3.48, patella 1.57, Park; AMS KS929, near Piccadilly Circus, 25 January 1972, K. Watson. tibia 4.61. Width of tibia 1.71. Spination: femur 3, patella</p><p>0, tibia 3 (all bristle-like). Distal femoral bristles and spines sinuous. — Legs. 4123. Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total entire or narrowed centrally. — Sternum. Ovoid, moderately 1 6.40 3.40 4.98 4.73 2.69 22.20 wide. Length 4.59, width 3.84. Posterior sigilla moderately 2 5.98 3.26 4.69 4.61 2.61 21.15 short, ovoid: length 0.75, width 0.37. — Palp. Spination: tibia 3 5.30 2.79 4.01 4.59 3.06 19.75 4, tarsus 14. Trichobothria: tibia p6 r7, tarsus 12. Tarsal claw 4 6.19 2.92 5.00 5.44 3.40 22.95 with 7 teeth. — Legs. 4123. Legs I, IV subequal.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>Tibia I width 1.35. Femora I and II with dorsal spines.</p><p>1 5.98 3.57 4.56 3.71 2.24 20.06</p><p>Leg I unmodified, tibial spines numerous. Tibia II with</p><p>2 5.30 3.37 3.88 3.47 2.24 18.26</p><p>large, conical apophysis placed centrally. Metatarsus II</p><p>3 4.56 2.82 3.15 3.30 2.38 16.21</p><p>sinuous, curved proximally with a weak, spined apophysis</p><p>4 5.59 3.18 4.28 4.38 2.75 20.18</p><p>centrally; ventral spines lacking proximally. Anterior coxal hairs unmodified. Tarsal scopulae legs I–IV: weak. Distal</p><p>Tibia I width 1.51. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.02. Coxal</p><p>metatarsal scopulae legs I–IV: absent to weak. Tarsal claw</p><p>setae unmodified. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 9, 9;</p><p>teeth leg I, II: superior 14, 13; inferior 0, 2. Trichobothria legs</p><p>inferior 2, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 13, 15; metatarsus</p><p>I, II: tarsus 15, 15; metatarsus 14, 14; tibia p8 r8, p8 r8. — Leg</p><p>12, 11; tibia p9 r8, p8 r7. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0,</p><p>spination. Leg I: femur 7 (d3 p4) (some bristle-like), patella</p><p>patella 0, tibia 2, metatarsus 11, tarsus 10. Leg II: femur</p><p>5 (p2), tibia 36 (p2), metatarsus 19, tarsus 10. Leg II: femur</p><p>0, patella 0, tibia 2 (p1), metatarsus 12, tarsus 8. Leg III:</p><p>10 (d4 p6) (plus several bristle-like), patella 5 (p2), tibia 16</p><p>femur 0, patella pd3, tibia 6 (p2 r1), metatarsus 20 (p6 rd2).</p><p>(p2), metatarsus 16 (p1), tarsus 10. Leg III: femur 0 (long</p><p>Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 4, metatarsus 14, tarsus</p><p>bristles), patella 5 (p4 r1), tibia 14 (p2 r3), metatarsus 23,</p><p>12. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets, lengths: total</p><p>tarsus 12. Leg IV: femur 0 (long bristles), patella r1, tibia 13</p><p>4.20; basal segment 1.73, middle 1.08, apical 1.39. Apical</p><p>(p1 r3), metatarsus 20, tarsus 17. Abdomen. Posterior lateral</p><p>segment width 0.45. — Genitalia. Spermathecae elongate,</p><p>spinnerets, lengths: total 4.41; basal segment 1.63; middle</p><p>strongly curved, approximated basally and apically but</p><p>1.18; apical 1.60. Apical segment width 0.41.</p><p>well separated in middle. Apical region slightly wider than remainder of spermatheca. Length 1.84, width 0.35.</p><p>Female (paratype AMS KS16451). — Size. Carapace length</p><p>8.57, width 7.14. Abdomen length 10.27, width 7.89. —</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern New South Wales and Australian</p><p>Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Much longer than</p><p>Capital Territory (Fig. 7).</p><p>wide. Height 3.16; frontal width 5.64. Cephalic length 6.05.</p><p>Fovea narrow, procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae few,</p><p>alternating large and small, reach back to fovea. Anterior Atrax sutherlandi n.sp.</p><p>strial setae numerous. Anterolateral carapace angle with weak bristles. — Eyes. Eye region slightly raised centrally. Figures 11–14; Tables 4, 34</p><p>Eye group width 1.65. Diameters:AME 0.20, ALE 0.45, PLE</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for the late Professor</p><p>0.35, PME 0.26. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.23, AME–</p><p>Struan Sutherland, whose venom research resulted in the</p><p>ALE 0.15, ALE–PLE 0.14, PLE–PME 0.07, PME–PME</p><p>production of a successful funnel-web spider antivenom.</p><p>O.59. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.59, anterior width</p><p>0.63, posterior width 1.05. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove Types. Holotype male: AMS KS1076, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.06667/lat -36.416668)">Bermagui</a>, New South Wales, 36°25'S narrow, margins subparallel, weakly divergent distally. 150°04'E, K Walker. Paratypes. New South Wales (AMS). Males : AMS Groove length 2.63, middle width 0.35. Cheliceral teeth: 16 KS7464, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.9/lat -36.666668)">Bega</a>, 36°40'S 149°54'E, K.Walker ; AMS KS1595, Nadgee Nature central in basal half of groove; 11 prolateral, 12 retrolateral. Reserve; AMS KS1074, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.06667/lat -36.416668)">Bermagui</a>, 36°25'S 150°04'E, K. Walker ; AMS KS11748, Bondi State Forest, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.25/lat -37.1)">Bombala</a>, 37°06'S 149°15'E, 14 November</p><p>— Labium. Wider than long, anterior margin indented.</p><p>1980, G. Gowing et al.; AMS KS1075, Bermagui, 36°25'S 150°04'E, K.</p><p>Length 1.36, width 1.78. Cuspules spread in shallow v-shape Walker. Females: AMS KS5127, Bermagui, 36°25'S 150°04'E, 18 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.06667/lat -36.416668)">May</a> across anterior two-thirds of labium. Labiosternal sigilla 1973, M. Gray; AMS KS4886, Bockelo Creek, 18 May 1972, M. Gray ;</p><p>AMS KS5119, Bega, March 1974, Ambulance Station; AMS KS5126, Bega, Autumn 1973; AMS KS1086, Bemboka, July 1977, G. Wishart; AMS KS1074, Bermagui, K. Walker; AMS KS3619, Bombala, 17 January 1930, A.J. Barrett; AMS KS11445, Bondi State Forest, near Bombala, 31 March 1981 , G. Gowing; Brown Mountain, 30 March 1967 , R. J.B. (ANIC); AMS KS5042, Candelo, 17 May 1973, M. Gray; AMS KS7299, Cooma, 6 April 1981, A.N. Wallace; AMS KS1102, Merimbula, 5 June 1964; AMS KS1595, Nadgee Nature Reserve; AMS KS1088, Narooma, 29 January 1959, R Martin; AMS KS3624, Narooma, 15 June 1971, J. Cobcroft; AMS KS1083, Nerrigundah, 1 October 1977, C. Cowall. Victoria (males): AMS KS1055, Murrindal, 2 km N. of, 3 June 1973, L. Windsor; Buchan, 9 January 1964 , Dingey &amp; Penshurst (MV); AMS KS1087, Cobargo, June 1957, C.G. Bradford; Cobargo, 5 November 1964 (MV) ; Mallacoota, 26 September 1963 (MV) ; AMS KS1057, Gelantipy, 6 May 1947; AMS KS1091, Mallacoota, May 1957; Mallacoota, January 1963 , C. McArthur; AMS KS3397, Mallacoota Inlet, October 1971, S. Sutherland; AMS KS1055, Murrindal, 3 June 1973, L. Windsor; AMS KS1095, Noorinbee, 17 June 1957, N.A. Wakefield; AMS KS1096, Noorinbee, 25 September 1963, D.S. Broome; AMS KS1108, Wingan, 27 February 1946 .</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 7.22–10.20 (male). Differs from other Atrax</p><p>Figure 11. Collection records for Atrax sutherlandi .</p><p>spp. by having a relatively shorter and wider embolus, and a shorter palpal tibia (PalpTibW/ L 0.43) (Fig. 14A–C;</p><p>AMS KS11848, Bondi State Forest, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.25/lat -37.1)">Bombala</a>, 37°06'S 149°15'E, 14 Table 4). November 1980, G. Gowing ; AMS KS3618, Merimbula, 36°53'S 149°54'E, 6 September 1976, H. Harvey. Victoria. Males. K11078 (MV), Noorinbee, 37°31'S 149°10'E, Vic., 12 November 1969, A. Neboiss; K11088 (MV), Male (holotype). — Size. Carapace length 7.56, width 6.59. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.15/lat -37.566666)">Cann River</a>, 37°34'S 149°09'E, 5 March 1964. Females (AMS) : AMS Abdomen length 6.93, width 5.76. — Colour. Basic colour KS3397, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.76666/lat -37.55)">Mallacoota Inlet</a>, 37°33'S 149°46'E, 9 October 1971, S. Sutherland; pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide. Height 2.55. Frontal AMS KS1092, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.58333/lat -37.466667)">Genoa</a>, 37°28'S 149°35'E, 1 November 1964. width 4.12. Fovea narrow, procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea, anterior strial setae present. Anterolateral</p><p>Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS8467, carapace angle with small, very weak bristles. — Eyes. Bombala, 1981 ; AMS KS5118, Bega, 17 May 1973 , Ambulance Station; Merimbula, March 1965 (MV) ; AMS KS9561, Monga; AMS KS5120, Central eye region weakly raised. Eye group width 1.58. Mount Doctor George, near Bega, 17 May 1974 ; AMS KS6072, Mumbulla Median ocular quadrangle length 0.63, anterior width 0.71, State Forest, near Bega, November 1980 , R. Wells; AMS KS1085, posterior width 1.03. Diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.44, PLE Bemboka, 10 May 1970 , M. Clune; AMS KS14232, Bermagui, 8 April 0.32 , PME 0.25. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove narrow, 1984 ; AMS KS11528, Bondi State Forest, near Bombala, 14 November 1980 , G. Gowing et al.; AMS KS1084, Brogo, 4 December 1962 , K. margins subparallel except distally where they diverge. Walker; AMS KS5497, Kioloa State Forest, 4 October 1979 –30 October Groove length 2.27, middle width 0.24. Cheliceral teeth: 1979, C. Horseman; AMS KS5121, Beckelo Creek, 18 May 1973 , M. Gray; 23 central, confined to basal half of groove; 13 prolateral;</p><p>13 retrolateral. — Labium. Much wider than long, apically wide. Height 3.74; frontal width 6.39. Cephalic length 7.11. weakly indented. Length 0.99, width 1.49. Labiosternal Fovea narrow, procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setal row with sigilla broad, entire. Cuspules c. 218, number moderate, alternating large and small bristles which extend back to the grouped in broad, central band. — Sternum. Ovoid, long. fovea.Anterior strial setae numerous. Anterolateral carapace Length 4.73, width 3.28. Posterior sigilla ovoid. Bristles on angle with weak bristles. — Eyes. Eye region weakly raised. posterior margin strong. — Palp. Tegular area wider than Eye group width 1.99. Diameters:AME 0.21, ALE 0.41, PLE long. Embolus of moderate length, shaft gently curved and 0.45, PME 0.27. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.27, AME– strongly tapered. Distal embolus slender, weakly twisted, ALE 0.20, ALE–PLE 0.20, PLE–P.M.E 0.12, PME–PME ejaculatory groove wide. Embolus base moderately to 0.81. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.78, anterior width strongly offset from tegulum. Bulb length 2.82, width 0.96. 0.78, posterior width 1.34. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove Embolus length 2.10, midwidth 0.19. Length of femur 3.32, narrow, margins subparallel, divergent distally. Groove patella 1.47, tibia 3.26. Width of tibia 1.48. Spination: femur length 3.26, middle width 0.47. Cheliceral teeth: 25 central, 3, patella 0, tibia 2. Distal femur with sinuous spines and occupying basal half of groove; 14 prolateral; 14 retrolateral. strong bristles. — Legs. 4123. — Labium. Much wider than long, anterior margin indented. Length 1.60, width 2.28. Cuspules occupy anterior two-thirds</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total of labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire. — Sternum. Long,</p><p>1 5.63 3.16 4.23 4.08 2.41 19.51 ovoid. Length 6.12, width 4.01. Posterior sigilla short, ovoid:</p><p>2 5.10 2.98 4.10 4.00 2.43 18.60 length 0.48, width 0.27. — Palp. Spination: tibia 5, tarsus</p><p>3 4.75 2.61 3.41 3.92 2.81 17.50 11. Trichobothria: tibia p8 r8, tarsus 18. Tarsal claws with</p><p>4 5.28 2.79 4.61 4.80 3.04 20.52 8 teeth. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>Tibia I width 1.26. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Leg Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>I unmodified, patella and tibial ventral spines numerous. 1 7.48 4.15 5.64 4.84 2.72 24.83 Tibia II with large, conical apophysis placed just proximal 2 6.58 3.88 4.73 4.32 2.65 22.11 of centre. Metatarsus II sinuous, strongly curved proximally, 3 5.81 3.16 3.50 4.35 2.92 19.74 with a small, spined, central apophysis. Anterior coxal hairs 4 7.11 3.84 5.03 5.54 4.01 25.53 unmodified. Tarsal scopulae legs I–IV: weak to moderate.</p><p>Distal metatarsal scopulae legs I–IV: absent to weak. Tibia I width 1.77. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.13. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 13, 13; inferior 3, 2. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II; superior 10, 11; inferior 3, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 14, 13, metatarsus 14, 14; Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 20, 16; metatarsus 20, 13; tibia p9 r9, p9 r8. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur d6, patella tibia p10 r9, p9 r9. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 11 (p2), tibia 39 (p2), metatarsus 24, tarsus 12. Leg II: femur 0, tibia 2, metatarsus 12, tarsus 15. Leg II: femur p1, patella d7, patella 5 (p2), tibia 16 (p3), metatarsus 16 (p1), tarsus 0, tibia 4 (p2), metatarsus 11, tarsus 12. Leg III: femur 0, 13. Leg III: femur 0 (long bristles), patella 6 (p5 r1), tibia patella pd3 r1, tibia 7 (p2 r2), metatarsus 17 (p6 rd2), tarsus 11 (p4 r3), metatarsus 15, tarsus 11. Leg IV: femur 0 (long 17. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 7 (r2), metatarsus 21 bristles), patella r1, tibia 8 (p1 r2), metatarsus 21, tarsus (p4 rd2), tarsus 18 — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets, 17. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets, lengths: total lengths: total 5.55; basal segment 2.04, middle 1.16, apical 3.82, basal segment 1.36; middle 0.98; apical 1.48. Apical 2.35.Apical segment width 0.54. — Genitalia. Spermathecae segment width 0.41. moderately elongate, gently curved, basally approximated. Length 1.66, width 0.52.</p><p>Female (paratype AMS KS3397). — Size. Carapace length</p><p>10.20, width 8.16. Abdomen length 10.88, width 9.18. — Distribution. Southeastern New South Wales and north- Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Much longer than eastern Victoria (Fig. 11).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFE1FFB3C70593885536F81C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFF3FFBDC46996B351DCFAFD.text	163F87D5FFF3FFBDC46996B351DCFAFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Illawarra Gray 2010	<div><p>Illawarra n.gen.</p><p>Type species Illawarra wisharti new species .</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from other atracine species as follows—in males, by having broad midventral spine row on male tarsi</p><p>I–IV (Fig. 3B); in females, by having a robust, aspinose leg</p><p>I with metatarsus partially fused to tarsus and tarsal claws enlarged.</p><p>Description. With the characters of the Atracinae . Colour light to dark brown with distinct abdominal chevrons.</p><p>Carapace longer than wide; relatively low with caput weakly raised (CH /CW 0.37) and narrow frontally (CFW/CL 0.54).</p><p>Cheliceral paturon less robust than in other genera. (Figs.</p><p>16A,B; 17B,C). Cheliceral groove narrow, lateral margins Figure 15. Collection records for Illawarra wisharti . parallel; central tooth row short; basal; prolateral tooth row may be incomplete; retrolateral row complete (Fig. 16C). Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS921, Willowvale, 4 km W. of Gerringong, 11 May 1977, G. Wishart; AMS Labium short (LL/LW 0.70) (Fig. 16D), cuspule numbers KS922,Willowvale, 4 km W.of Gerringong, 20 May 1977, G.Wishart; AMS low to moderate (85–154). Apical segment of posterior KS1448, Willowvale, 4 km W. of Gerringong, 5 April 1978, G. Wishart; lateral spinnerets relatively short. Leg I more robust than AMS KS918, Ulladulla, Ulladulla Ambulance Station; AMS KS10796, other legs, especially in females; female leg I without spines, Unanderra, January 1983, M. Senior .</p><p>tarsal claws enlarged and metatarsus thickened proximally</p><p>(wedge-shaped) and partially fused to the tarsus (Fig. 17H,I). Diagnosis. CL 6.77–10.13 (male). Male tarsi I–IV strongly Male tarsi highly spinose (43–93 spines), with two lateral spinose (tarsus I with 43–93 spines), with a middle ventral spine rows and a full midventral spine row (Fig. 3B). Female spine row as well as lateral ventral rows (Fig. 3B). Female tarsi with few spines. Male femora I, II with slender dorsal leg I robust, aspinose; metatarsus I thickened proximally and spines (Fig. 16F,H); legs I, II without apophyses; tibia I, II partially fused with tarsus I, tarsal claws enlarged (Fig. 17H,I). and metatarsus I, II spinose, spines slender and scattered</p><p>(Fig. 18D–J). Male palpal patella a little wider than femur.</p><p>Palpal bulb with a broad tegular area; groove between tegulum and subtegulum sometimes wide, exposing middle haematodocha.; embolus short, wide. (Figs. 16I, 18B).</p><p>Female spermathecae two very short, distally broad sacs</p><p>(Fig. 17E).</p><p>Included species. Illawarra wisharti n.sp.</p><p>Distribution. The Illawarra region of southern New South</p><p>Wales.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFF3FFBDC46996B351DCFAFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFF3FFBEC40693415444FA59.text	163F87D5FFF3FFBEC40693415444FA59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Illawarra wisharti Gray 2010	<div><p>Illawarra wisharti n.sp.</p><p>Figures 3B, 15–18; Tables 5, 34</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for Graeme Wishart,</p><p>Australian Museum Associate, idiopid spider researcher,</p><p>and collector of many mygalomorph spiders in the Illawarra region.</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS5357, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.866665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.6/lat -34.866665)">Nowra</a>, New South Wales, 34°52'S 150°36'E, 17 March 1980 . Paratypes (AMS). New South Wales. Males: AMS KS15748, Willowvale near Gerringong, 34°45'S 150°47'E, 25 Mar 1985, G. Wishart; AMS KS920, Avondale, 34°30'S 150°45'E, March 1956 R.K. Hayes; AMS KS2721, Figtree, 34°25'S 150°50'E, 16 March 1979, J. Lewis; AMS KS919, AMS KS5355, Nowra, 34°52'S 150°36'E, 7 April 1980; AMS KS8921, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.56667/lat -35.166668)">Swan Lake</a>, nr. Sussex Inlet, 35°10'S 150°34'E, 10 April 1982 , A. McLaughlin; AMS KS15746, Willowvale, nr Gerringong, 34°52'S 150°36'E, 29 April 1977, G. Wishart; AMS KS16450, Unanderra, 34°27'S 150°50'E, 8 February 1979, J. Wafle; AMS KS5356, Bangalee Scout Figure 16. Illawarra wisharti, male: (A) cephalothorax and Camp, Nowra area, 14 March 1980 ; Females: AMS KS30273, Willowvale, 4km W. of Gerringong, 34°35'S 149°37'E, November 1979, G. Wishart; chelicerae, dorsal; (B) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) AMS KS2667, AMS KS4778, Nowra South, 34°54'S 150°35'E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.58333/lat -34.9)">March</a> cheliceral groove teeth; (D) sternum, labium and maxilla; (E) 1959 ; AMS KS13781, Farmborough Heights, near Unanderra, 34°27'S spinnerets; (F) leg I, prolateral; (G) palp, prolateral; (H) leg II, 150°48'E, J. Wafle, 8 February 1979 . prolateral; (I) palpal organ. Scale lines 1 mm .</p><p>Male (holotype). — Size. Carapace length 7.54, width 6.75. Cuspules c. 122, number low to moderate. — Sternum. Ovoid, Abdomen length 7.88, width 5.90. — Colour. Basic colour moderately broad. Length 4.12, width 3.32. Posterior sigilla pattern, often brown overall, with distinct, narrow abdominal of moderate size, ovoid. — Palp. Tegular area almost as long chevrons. — Carapace. Longer than wide, weakly raised. as wide, pear shaped. Middle haematodocha sometimes Height 2.62. Frontal width 4.06. Fovea procurved. Mid- exposed. in broad tegular-subtegilar groove. Embolus short, dorsal cephalic setae few, almost reach fovea. Anterior moderately broad and gently curved, embolus weakly to strial setae absent basally. Anterolateral angle of carapace moderately twisted distally. Embolus weakly offset from with weak hairs only. — Eyes. Central eye region sessile tegulum. Bulb length 1.80, width 0.80. Embolus length 1.08, to slightly raised. Eye group width 1.62. Median ocular midwidth 0.12. Length of femur 2.96, patella 1.24, tibia 2.36. quadrangle length 0.78, anterior width 0.75, posterior width Width of tibia 1.13. Spination: spines bristle-like; femur 2 1.05. Diameters: AME 0.30, ALE 0.48, PLE 0.27, PME 0.24. sinuous, patella 1 sinuous, tibia 0. Sinuous bristles on femur — Chelicerae. Anterodorsal paturon bristles strong, sparse. and patella, strong bristles on tibia. — Legs. 4123. Cheliceral groove very narrow, margins parallel. Groove</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total length 2.15, middle width 0.26. Cheliceral teeth: 10 central,</p><p>1 6.64 3.06 5.08 5.12 2.54 22.44 confined to base of groove; 7 prolateral; 13 retrolateral. —</p><p>2 5.72 2.79 4.10 4.59 2.71 19.91 Labium. Much wider than long, broadly indented apically.</p><p>3 5.33 2.54 3.44 4.55 2.95 18.81 Length 0.90, width 1.37. Labiosternal sigilla broad, complete.</p><p>4 6.31 2.87 4.55 5.95 3.53 23.21</p><p>Tibia I width 1.44. Femora I–III with dorsal spines, bristle like spines on femur IV. Metatarsus I slightly thickened proximally, dorsal sigilla broad. Metatarsus II slightly bent proximally, tibial and metatarsal spines scattered. Anterior coxal hairs normal. Tarsal spines very numerous with a midventral spine row as well as lateral ventral spine rows. Tarsal scopulae very weak to absent, distal metatarsal scopulae absent. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 8, 10; inferior 0, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 10, 8; metatarsus 9, 10; tibia p5 r5, p6 r5. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 9 (d7 p2), patella 1, tibia 23 (p1) metatarsus 56 (p1), tarsus 93. Leg II: femur 7 (d6), patella p2, tibia 16 (p1), metatarsus 48, tarsus 79, Leg III: femur 5, patella 9 (p6 r3), tibia 25 (p7 r6), metatarsus 38, tarsus 80. Leg IV: femur 0 (strong bristles), patella 4 (p2 r2), tibia 19 (p4 r6), metatarsus 42, tarsus 67. — Abdomen. Numerous weak dorsal bristles, hair cover sparse. Posterior lateral spinnerets with apical segment rather short. Lengths: total 2.68; basal segment 1.12, middle 0.66, apical 0.90. Apical segment width 0.35.</p><p>and maxilla; (B) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) Female (paratype AMS KS2667). — Size. Carapace length cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (D) cheliceral groove teeth; 8.12, width 6.72. Abdomen length 9.79, width 7.48. — (E) spermathecae; (F) spinnerets; (G) leg III, prolateral, patella, Colour. Commonly brown in colour overall, abdominal tibia, metatarsus. (H,I) Leg I, metatarsus and tarsus— H, prolateral; chevrons distinct. Otherwise colour pattern basic. — I, dorsal. Scale lines 1 mm. Carapace. Longer than wide, moderately-weakly raised and frontally narrow. Height 2.87, frontal width 4.72. Cephalic bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. Eye group length 6.19. Fovea strongly procurved, anterior margin width 1.56. Diameters: AME 0.21, ALE 0.43, PLE 0.24, indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae long, in single row, may PME 0.18 Interdistances: AME–AME 0.24, AME–ALE or may not extend back to fovea. Anterior strial setae absent 0.18, ALE–PLE 0.22, PLE– PME 0.12, PME – PME 0.66. basally. Anterolateral carapace angle with a few very weak Median ocular quadrangle length 0.52, anterior width 0.60,</p><p>posterior width 1.05. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove very Anepsiada .–Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918: 167. Type species narrow, margins parallel. Groove length 2.14, middle width by monotypy Anepsiada ventricosa Rainbow &amp; Pulleine,</p><p>0.32. Cheliceral teeth: 5 central, confined to basal third of 1918. Roewer, 1942: 208. Bonnet, 1955: 323. Gray,</p><p>groove; 6 prolateral, a gap separating the distal tooth from 1978: 125 (synonymized with Atrax). Gray, 1981: Raven, 1980: 255. Main, 1985: 40. First synonymized by Gray,</p><p>the rest; 13 retrolateral. — Labium. Wider than long, anterior 1988: 114.</p><p>margin widely indented. Cuspules distributed in shallow</p><p>V-shaped band on anterior half of labium. Labiosternal</p><p>Diagnosis. Differs from Atrax in tibia II being either</p><p>sigilla narrow. — Sternum. Broad. Length 4.29, width 3.70. unmodified or having a blunt, rounded apophysis or</p><p>Posterior sigilla ovoid: length 0.72, width 0.38. — Palp. apophyseal swelling Differs from both Atrax and Illawarra</p><p>Spination: tarsus 4. Trichobothria: tibia p5 r5, tarsus 5. Tarsal in having caput moderately to strongly raised and cheliceral</p><p>claw long, slender with two basal teeth. — Legs. 1423. Leg paturon more robust. Differs from Illawarra by male tarsi</p><p>I robust, spines absent. having two instead of three ventral spine rows.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>1 5.66 3.28 4.43 3.44 2.00 18.81 Description. With characters of the Atracinae . Carapace</p><p>2 4.43 2.62 2.79 2.61 1.74 14.19 broad, often not much longer than wide, or as wide;</p><p>3 4.13 2.17 2.11 2.61 1.89 12.91 caput moderately to strongly raised (CH /CW 0.40–0.53)</p><p>4 5.91 2.79 3.32 3.77 2.38 18.17 and wide frontally (CFW/CL 0.61–0.83). (Figs. 20B,E; 23B,G). Cheliceral paturon typically more robust than in</p><p>Tibia I width 1.62. Metatarsus I wedge shaped, wide other Atracinae, thicker both dorsoventrally and laterally.</p><p>proximally with a large dorsal sigilla, fused distally with Cheliceral groove a wide to narrow V-shape with central tarsus; proximal width 1.15. Tarsus I claws enlarged, strong, cheliceral teeth distributed along its full length, in a hook-like. Coxal hairs unmodified, long. Tarsi I–IV with few staggered row (males— Fig. 20G) or one to several irregular ventral spines, all lateral. Tarsal claw teeth few, basal—legs rows (females—Fig. 21D); or, less commonly, central</p><p>I, II: superior claws 3, 2; inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria legs I, teeth confined to a short, basal row (Fig. 97E). Labium</p><p>II: tarsus 8, 10: metatarsus 10, 8; tibia p6 r5, p5 r6. Short subquadrate, often almost as long as wide (LL/LW 0.86–</p><p>setae interspersed with trichobothria. — Leg spination. 1.20) (Fig. 20C), sometimes shorter (LL/LW 0.64–0.79) (Fig.</p><p>Leg I: spines absent. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, 18E). Sternal sigilla ovoid to narrowly elongate. Terminal metatarsus 5, tarsus 4. Leg III: femur 0, patella p3, tibia 5 segment of posterior lateral spinnerets short to moderately</p><p>(p3), metatarsus 9 (p3), tarsus 8. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, long digitiform. Male tibia II either unmodified with ventral tibia 2, metatarsus 9 (p3), tarsus 8. — Abdomen. Posterior spines grouped or scattered (Fig. 43H,I); or with a rounded lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths: total spined ventral apophysis or low apophyseal swelling (Figs.</p><p>2.38; basal segment 1.14, middle 0.52, apical 0.44. Apical 32H,I; 36H,I). Metatarsus II either sinuous (proximoventrally segment width 0.35. — Genitalia. Spermathecae very short, concave) with a small, spined mid-ventral apophysis (Fig.</p><p>only slightly longer than wide. Length 0.78, width 0.58. 29K), or weakly sinuous to unmodified (Fig. 70K). Tibia</p><p>Apical two-thirds bulbous. and metatarsus I ventrally spinose (tibial spines may extend retrolaterally); metatarsus sometimes proximally thickened.</p><p>Distribution. Illawarra region of New South Wales (Fig. 15). Male palpal patella large, often wider than the femur, or about as wide. Palpal organ morphology variable but, compared</p><p>Comments. Burrows are found in the ground litter layer or to Atrax spp., the tegular area of the bulb is often larger,</p><p>under rocks. The entrance is at ground level and lacks silk the embolus broader and shorter with the distal ejaculatory trip-lines. The burrow silk lining is very weak to absent. groove narrow and slanting above the flange-like lower</p><p>The spiders are often noted to have a characteristic “ant- margin (Figs. 25B,C; 32B,C). Spermathecal shape variable,</p><p>like” smell. basic pattern a pair of relatively short, broad sacs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFF3FFBEC40693415444FA59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFF0FFBEC47A939F54A6F9B4.text	163F87D5FFF0FFBEC47A939F54A6F9B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche L. Koch	<div><p>Hadronyche L. Koch</p><p>Hadronyche L. Koch, 1873: 463 . Type species by monotypy Hadronyche cerberea L. Koch, 1873 . Ausserer, 1875: 143. Simon, 1892: 186; 1903: 969. Hogg, 1901: 274. Rainbow, 1911: 121; 1913: 4; 1914: 252. Roewer, 1942: 208. Bonnet, 1957: 2070. Main, 1976: 74; 1985: 42. Gray, 1978: 125. Gray, 1981: 265; 1988: 114. Raven, 1980: 225 (synonymized with Atrax); 2000: 225. Goloboff, 1993: 6. Hedin &amp; Bond, 2006: 467. Platnick, 2010.</p><p>Styphlopis .–Rainbow, 1913: 5. Type species by monotypy Styphlopis insularis Rainbow, 1913 . Roewer, 1942: 208. Bonnet, 1958: 4193. Gray, 1978: 125 (synonymized with Atrax). Raven, 1980: 255. Main, 1985: 40. First synonymized by Gray, 1988: 114.</p><p>Pseudatrax .–Rainbow, 1914: 260. Type species by monotypy Pseudatrax moreaui Rainbow, 1914 . Bonnet, 1958: 3807. Gray, 1978: 125 (synonymized with Atrax). Raven, 1980: 255. Main, 1985: 40. First synonymized by Gray, 1988: 114.</p><p>Included species. 31 species They are placed here in four species groups: the lamingtonensis group; the adelaidensis group; the infensa group; and the cerberea group.</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Australia from northeast Queensland to Tasmania and the Gulf Ranges region of South Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFF0FFBEC47A939F54A6F9B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFC6FF96C43796B25328FB12.text	163F87D5FFC6FF96C43796B25328FB12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche venenata (Hickman 1927)	<div><p>Hadronyche venenata (Hickman)</p><p>Figures 37–40; Tables 11, 34</p><p>Atrax venenatus Hickman, 1927: 63 . Hickman, 1967: 20.</p><p>Main, 1985: 42.</p><p>Hadronyche venenata .–Gray, 1988: 114 (Transferred from</p><p>Atrax).</p><p>Types. Holotype male: QVM 957–13 – 16 Type 28. Newtown Creek, Hobart,</p><p>Tasmania, V. V. Hickman, 22 December 1925. Allotype female: QVM</p><p>1957–13– 17 Type 29. Data as for holotype.</p><p>Other material examined. Tasmania (males): AMS KS 6071, Lambert</p><p>Park, near Hobart, 3 June 1980, M. Gray; Bicheno, 22 January 1972, B.</p><p>Stephenson (QVM); Cape Lodi, near Bicheno, 5 March 1978, A. McBain</p><p>(QVM); Cole’s Bay, 27 April 1972, N.S. Freeman (QVM); Cole’s Bay, 13</p><p>March 1978, Monaghan (QVM); Cole’s Bay, 24 February 1971, M. O’Toole</p><p>Figure 37. Collection records for Hadronyche venenata (QVM); Mathina, 16 February 1972 (QVM): Mathina, 10 February 1971,</p><p>J. Turner (QVM); AMS KS972, Mount Ben Lomond, 11 April 1926 , A.L.</p><p>Meston; J1916 (TM), Geilston Bay, 16 May 1984, J. McDavitt; J1360 (TM), Diagnosis. CL 6.88–9.59 (male). Differs from other Rosny, Hobart, 17 April 1978, Mr Ward; E938 (TM), Blackman’s Bay, 5 Hadronyche spp. by having a weak spined apophyseal May 1974, E. Cunliffe; Hobart, June 1971, K. Hamilton (QVM); J1917 swelling on tibia II but metatarsus II not modified(Figs. (TM), Winnebah, May 1984, F. Wagner; J 739 (TM), Tinderbox, 8 March 38E, 40H–K). Male caput relatively weakly raised (Fig. 1971, D. Milledge; J1113 (TM), West Hobart, 26 March 1976, R. van de</p><p>Uusse; J1025 (TM),Taroona, Hobart, 9 March 1975, Ms Stottard. Tasmania 38B; CH /CW 0.40).</p><p>(females): Blackman’s Bay, Apr 1983 (TM); AMS KS975, Cascades, 3</p><p>January 1967; Coles Bay, February 1970, N. Lawson (TM) ; Cromwell, 20 Redescription of male holotype. Size. Carapace length 6.88, April 1971, N. Toombs (TM) ; Golden Ridges, 13 February 1946, W. Bart width 6.19. Abdomen length 5.30, width 4.42. — Colour. (QVM) ; Hobart, June 1971, K. Hampton (QVM) ; Liffy, 28 October 1972, Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide, K. Watson (QVM) ; Mathina, 10 February 1971, J. Turner (QVM) ; Mount</p><p>Victoria, 14 January 1972, N.B. Brown (QVM); Mount Young, 18 January cephalic area moderately raised, rather narrow frontally. 1971,? Simpson (QVM); Poatina, 28 September 1963, F. Fishwick (QVM); Height 2.46. Frontal width 3.69. Fovea straight, narrow. Ringarooma, 7 June 1963, J. Kidd (QVM); Rosetier, 7 June 1971 (TM); Mid-dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea. Anterior strial setae AMS KS974, Sandy Bay, 12 December 1966, J. Cossum; St.Marys, 16 July</p><p>1971, K. Cook (QVM); AMS KS 6214, Taroona, near Hobart, 8 September</p><p>1980, R. Parrott; AMS KS973, Trevallyn, l February 1928 .</p><p>present. Anterolateral carapace angle with several weak Chelicerae. Groove margins subparallel, weakly divergent bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region raised. Anterior median distally; length 2.02, middle width 0.26. Cheliceral teeth: eyes small. Eye group width 1.60. Median ocular quadrangle 16 central, occupying full length of groove; 9 prolateral; length 0.58, anterior width 0.70, posterior width 1.09. 7 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider than long, weakly Diameters: AME 0.17, ALE 0.38, PLE 0.26, PME 0.20. — indented apically. Length 1.14, width 1.24. Labiosternal sigilla narrowed toward midline. Cuspules c. 220, number dorsally. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, strongly moderate to high. — Sternum. Ovoid, moderately long. raised. Height 3.03. Frontal width 5.13. Cephalic length Length 3.94, width 2.84. Posterior sigilla ovoid, broad. — 5.34. Fovea slightly procurved–straight, anterior margin Palp. Tegular area wider than long. Embolus rather short, slightly indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae numerous and base hardly offset from tegulum. Embolus shaft weakly run back to fovea.Anterior strial setae present. Anterolateral curved to straight, only slightly tapered distally. Distal part carapace angle with several hairs and weak bristles. — of embolus weakly twisted and short. Bulb length 2.07, Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. Eye group width width 0.94. Embolus length 1.37, midwidth 0.16. Length 1.91. Diameters: AME 0.18, ALE 0.45, PLE 0.37, PME of femur 3.00, patella 1.34, tibia 3.03. Width of tibia 1.41. 0.24. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.30, AME–ALE 0.18, Spination: femur 4, patella 1, tibia 7 (3 dorsal). Some distal ALE–PLE 0.27, PLE– PME 0.14, PME – PME 0.79. Median femoral spines and bristles sinuous. — Legs. 4123. Legs I, ocular quadrangle length 0.60, anterior width 0.70, posterior IV subequal. width 1.25. — Chelicerae. Groove margins diverge weakly distally; length 2.20, middle width 0.40. Cheliceral teeth:</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 18 central, in single row occupying full length of groove;</p><p>1 5.99 2.87 4.94 4.55 2.96 21.31 11 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider</p><p>2 5.90 2.83 4.72 4.26 2.80 20.51 than long, rounded, apically indented. Length 1.47, width</p><p>3 5.03 2.43 3.85 3.53 2.79 17.62 1.65. Cuspules occupying anterior two-thirds. Labiosternal</p><p>4 5.99 2.68 4.84 4.90 2.94 21.35 sigilla constricted at midline. — Sternum. Ovoid, moderately long. Length 4.80, width 3.54. Posterior sigilla ovoid:</p><p>Tibia I width 1.17. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Tibia length 0.78, width 0.42. — Palp. Spination: tibia 2, tarsus</p><p>I ventral spines numerous. Metatarsus I slightly thickened 7. Trichobothria: tibia p5 r4, tarsus 9. Tarsal claw with 3</p><p>proximally, larger ventral spines grouped proximally. Tibia teeth. — Legs. 1423.</p><p>II with weak apophyseal swelling in proximal half, ventral spines grouped upon it; distal ventral tibia II weakly concave, Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total without spines (except apically). Metatarsus II without 1 5.58 3.12 4.31 3.44 2.13 18.58 apophysis, straight to weakly sinuous (midventral region 2 5.08 2.92 3.49 3.02 2.05 16.56 sometimes slightly thickened) with strong midventral to 3 4.26 2.46 2.71 2.67 2.05 14.15 distal spines. Coxal setae unmodified. Scopulae legs I– IV: 4 5.25 2.87 3.90 3.36 2.42 17.80 tarsus, weak to moderate; metatarsus, absent to weak. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 13, 13; inferior 2, 1. Tibia I width 1.40. Metatarsus I proximal width 0.97. Coxal Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 10, 10, metatarsus 10, 11; setae unmodified. Tibia I, II with few or no spines. Tarsal tibia p6 r6, p6 r6. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 4(d3 p1), claw teeth legs I, II: superior 10, 9; inferior 3, 3. Trichobothria patella 6(p2 v4), tibia 46, metatarsus 28, tarsus 12. Leg II: legs I, 2: tarsus 10, 9; metatarsus 11, 10; tibia p7 r7, p6 r5. femur d3, patella p1, tibia 26, metatarsus 16, tarsus 9. Leg — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus III: femur d3, patella p3, tibia 11 (p2 r2 d2), metatarsus 15, 11, tarsus 8. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus tarsus 10. Leg IV: femur d4, patella 0, tibia 9 (r3), metatarsus 10, tarsus 8. Leg III: femur 0, patella pd2, tibia 6 (p3 1r), 16, tarsus 12 — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets: apical metatarsus 13 (p4 r1), tarsus 12. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, segment moderately long. Lengths: total 2.36; basal segment tibia 2 (r1) metatarsus 9, tarsus 13. — Abdomen. Posterior 0.96, middle 0.56; apical 0.84. Apical segment width 0.32. lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths: total 3.02; basal segment 1.30, middle 0.72, apical 1.00. Apical</p><p>Redescription of female allotype. Size. Carapace length segment width 0.52. — Genitalia. Spermathecae digitiform, 7.38, width 6.81. Abdomen length 10.61, width 8.70. about three times longer than wide. Length 0.82, width — Colour. Basic colour pattern. 3–4 pairs abdominal 0.29. Apical third set off from basal two thirds by a slight chevrons, middle pairs distinct and almost meeting mid- constriction.</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Tasmania (Fig. 37). January 1983, E.T. Bannigan; AMS KS2668, Tumut, 35°18'S 148°13'E, 30 January 1979, K. Pearce.</p><p>Comments. Hickman (1927, 1967) described tibia II of this</p><p>Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS900,</p><p>species as lacking “spurs or apophyses”, but with the “basal “Bonniemuir”, Adelong area, 29 April 1955, J.D. McMahon; AMS half … slightly expanded and … heavily spined”. This low KS893, Barry, 27 November 1975, Drs. Jones &amp; Redhead; AMS KS891, spinose swelling on tibia II is interpreted here as a weak “Yewrangara”, 8 km W.of Bigga, 11 July 1972, I. Chudleigh;AMS KS5202, apophyseal swelling. 64 km W. of Crookwell &amp; 20 km from Wyangla Dam, 6 May 1980, L.E.</p><p>Willis; AMS KS13354, 3 km E. of Binda, 28 March 1983, M. Gray &amp; C.</p><p>Horseman; AMS KS888, Bloomfield, N.S.W; AMS KS2720, Cowra, 18</p><p>Hadronyche marracoonda n.sp. April 1979, M. Henderson; AMS KS898, Crookwell, 22 February 1958,</p><p>Clifton’s Pharmacy; AMS KS3077, 10 km N. of Goulburn, May 1979, N.</p><p>Figures 41–44; Tables 12, 34 Vickers;AMS KS884, Holbrook area, 15. iv.1971, R. Flynn;AMS KS9314,</p><p>Humula, 19 May 1982;AMS KS894, Kanangra Walls, near Oberon, 5 June</p><p>1956, F.B. Ilann; AMS KS886, Limekilns, 20 October 1967, O. Stark; AMS</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an Aboriginal word KS8364, Livingstone State Forest, near Wagga Wagga, 16 September 1981, meaning toward the west, a reference to the western slopes Dr Cook; AMS KS897, Nashdale, 10 February 1969, Dixon;AMS KS880, distribution of this species in New South Wales. Oberon, 22 September 1972; AMS KS902, Orange, 20 February 1976,</p><p>Bloomfield Hospital; AMS KS903, Orange, 1. ix.1969, F. Freeman; AMS</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS892, Wagga Wagga Teachers College, KS905, Rosewood, 10 May 1972, O. Portors; AMS KS906, Rosewood, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 35°06'S 147°22'E, 20 April 1971. February 1976, G. Portors; AMS KS904, Spring Hill, 20 km E. of Orange, Paratypes (all AM). New South Wales. Males: AMS KS890, “The Decca”, 28 March 1974; AMS KS883, Taralga area, 1977, Goulburn Ambulance; Bigga area, 34°04'S 149°09'E, 12 May 1972, M. Chudleigh;AMS KS13353, AMS KS885, Towac, 21 March 1965, J. Maybin; AMS KS6645, Trunkey 3km E. of Binda, 34°04'S 149°09'E, 28 March 1983, M. Gray &amp; C. Creek, 27 January 1981, J. Dellow; AMS KS889, Tumbarumba, August Horseman; AMS KS5223, Crookwell, 34°27'S 149°28'E, 19 May 1980, 1957, R.A. Castle; AMS KS901, Tumorrama, 19 May 1972, M. Blundell; L.E. Willis;AMS KS879, Oberon, 33°41'S 149°52'E, May 1974, J. Bearup; AMS KS2965, Tumut, 5 May 1979, P.D. Slater; AMS KS8922, Tumut, AMS KS2719, Tumbarumba, 35°45'S 148°00'E, 10 April 1979, J. Frost; 6 April 1982, Pearce; AMS KS13424, Wagga Wagga, R. Faulder; AMS AMS KS43617, Carcoar Dam, 55km SW of Bathurst, 33°37'S 149°14'E, 17 KS887, Yetholme, 19 October 1967, O. Stark; Binalong, 20 February May 1995, J. Chaffey;AMS KS6876, Caloola via Newbridge, 12 February 1975 (ANIC). Australian Capital Territory (male): Campbell, 1974, 1981, Callan. Females: AMS KS10831, Bigga, 34°04'S 149°09'E, 60 km D.J. Belford (ANIC). N.W. of Crookwell, 23 March 1983; AMS KS5740,Adelong area, 35°17'S 148°03'E, July 1980, M. Pearce;AMS KS8796, Gocup, 35°13'S 148°12'E, Diagnosis. CL 8.92–10.71. Larger spiders, leg II without 9 March 1982, B. Laird; AMS KS1371, Oberon, 33°41'S 149°52'E, 16 May 1978, D.H. Clowes, AMS KS10681, Orange, 33°16'S 149°06'E, 17 apophyses/swellings, tibia II and metatarsus II ventrally concave,bowed (Fig. 43I,K). Differs from infensa and rarely weakly sinuous. Coxal hairs unmodified. Tarsal and lamingtonensis group species by having dorsal spines on distal metatarsal scopulae weakly developed, strongest on femur I, II; from adelaidensis group species by having a long tarsi 3, 4. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 15, inferior 4, labium; from H. monaro by lacking metatarsus II apophyseal trichobothria legs 1, 2: tarsus 12, 11; metatarsus 16, 14; tibia swelling, and having numerous tarsus II spines (Table 12); p6 r7, p6 r7. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 9 (d3p6), patella from H. nimoola by caput not as strongly raised; from H. 5 (p3), tibia 29 (p2), metatarsus 33, tarsus 19. Leg II: femur tambo by more spinose femur 1 and palpal tibia (Table 12). 10 (d4p6), patella 4 (p4), tibia 9 (p1), metatarsus 19, tarsus 29. Leg III: femur rd5 (long, bristle-like), patella 9 (p8), tibia</p><p>Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 9.68, width 8.86. 18 (r2 d2), metatarsus 21, tarsus 14. Leg IV: femur r8 (long, Abdomen length 9.51, width 7.13. — Colour. Basic colour bristle-like), patella p1, tibia 9(r2), metatarsus 21, tarsus pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide, moderately raised. 19. — Abdomen. Numerous long bristles dorsally, strongest Height 3.69. Frontal width 5.99. Fovea gently procurved. anteriorly. Posterior lateral spinnerets with moderately long Mid-dorsal cephalic setae do not reach fovea. Anterior apical segment. Lengths: total 3.90; basal segment 1.48, strial setae absent. — Eyes. On low tubercle. Eye group middle 0.92, apical 1.50; apical width 0.52. width 2.08. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.90, anterior width 1.05, posterior width 1.37. Diameters: AME 0.37, Female (paratype AMS KS10831) — Size. Carapace length ALE 0.52, PLE 0.43, PME 0.34. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral 11.64, width 9.35. Abdomen length 10.88, width 8.84. — groove of moderate width, margins diverging. Groove Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Clearly longer length 2.64, middle width 0.55. Cheliceral teeth: 20 central, than wide, strongly raised. Height 4.84; frontal width 8.30. running full length of groove; 15 prolateral; 10 retrolateral. Cephalic length 8.16. Fovea procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic — Labium. Slightly wider than long. Length 1.54, width setae do not reach fovea. Anterior strial setae absent. 1.82. Labiosternal sigilla narrowed centrally. Cuspules Anterolateral carapace angle with numerous strong bristles. c. 248 cuspules, number moderate to high. — Sternum. — Eyes. Ocular area strongly raised, anteriorly protuberant. Ovoid, broad. Length 5.74, width 4.84. Posterior sigilla Eye group width 2.62. Diameters:AME 0.33, ALE 0.52, PLE large, elongate. — Palp. Tegular area slightly wider than 0.36, PME 0.22. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.44, AME– long. Embolus rather short, wide and gently curved; distal ALE 0.34, ALE–PLE 0.26, PLE–PME 0.20, PME–PME embolus twisted. Embolus hardly offset from tegulum. Bulb 1.30. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.80, anterior width length 3.01, width 1.24. Embolus length 1.91, mid width 1.10, posterior width 1.81. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove 0.22. Length of femur 4.17; patella 1.60; tibia 4.23. Width margins diverge distally, groove wide. Groove length 3.37, of tibia 2.02. Spination: tibia 4. Sinuous bristles on distal middle width 0.87. Cheliceral teeth: 68 central, in several femur. — Legs. 4213. rows, occupying full length of groove; 15 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider than long, rounded,</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total anterior margin weakly indented. Length 2.36, width 2.68.</p><p>1 7.87 3.28 5.21 6.27 3.77 26.40 Labiosternal sigilla entire. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 7.05,</p><p>2 7.83 3.77 6.71 6.78 4.17 29.26 width 5.54. Posterior sigilla long, ovoid: length 0.88, width</p><p>3 6.97 3.16 5.33 6.11 4.14 25.71 0.54. — Palp. Spination: tibia 4, tarsus 9. Trichobothria: tibia</p><p>4 8.12 3.44 6.77 7.30 4.59 30.22 p9 r9, tarsus 13. Tarsal claw with 5 teeth. — Legs. 1423. Legs</p><p>I, IV subequal.</p><p>Tibia I width 1.72. Metatarsi longer than tibiae. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Bristle-like spines on femora III and IV. Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Metatarsus I slightly thickened proximally. Tibia II without 1 8.12 4.51 5.99 5.05 3.06 26.73 apophysis, slightly bowed and ventrally concave, spines 2 7.30 4.20 5.33 4.89 3.12 24.84 few, grouped proximally. Metatarsus II straight to slightly 3 6.17 3.28 3.77 4.39 3.08 20.69 bowed and ventrally concave and lacking an apophysis, 4 7.83 4.06 5.58 5.37 3.42 26.26</p><p>procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae almost reach fovea.</p><p>Anterior strial setae few to absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with many strong bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region raised. Eye group width 2.20. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.84, anterior width 1.12, posterior width 1.43.</p><p>Diameters: AME 0.38, ALE 0.50, PLE 0.37, PME 0.28. —</p><p>Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove moderately short and wide,</p><p>margins diverging distally. Groove length 2.64, width 0.76.</p><p>Cheliceral teeth: 18 central, occupying full length of groove;</p><p>8 prolateral; 9 retrolateral. — Labium. About as long as wide, apical indentation weak to absent. Length 1.84, width</p><p>1.88. Labiosternal suture narrowed toward midline. Weak transverse groove behind cuspules. Cuspules c. 171, number moderate to low. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 5.81, width 4.27.</p><p>Posterior sigilla elongate, broad. Anterolateral angles of sternum with weakly grouped bristles. — Palp. Tegular area wider than long. Embolus of moderate length, gently curved,</p><p>Figure 44. Collection records for Hadronyche marracoonda</p><p>weakly to moderately offset from tegulum; shaft strongly</p><p>(squares) and H. tambo (circles).</p><p>tapered distally. Distal embolus weakly twisted, slender.</p><p>flange narrow. Bulb length 3.40, width 1.28. Embolus length</p><p>Tibia I width 2.01. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.38. Coxae</p><p>2.33, midwidth 0.19. Length of femur 4.29, patella 1.58,</p><p>I, II with numerous basally thickened thorn-like setae</p><p>tibia 4.45. Width of tibia 1.91. Spination: no spines; a few</p><p>anteriorly. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 9, 9; inferior</p><p>prolateral tibial bristles, several sinuous bristles on distal</p><p>5, 5. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 15, 16; metatarsus 17,</p><p>femur. — Legs. 1423. Legs strongly hirsute.</p><p>15; tibia p9 r10, p10 r9. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0,</p><p>patella 0, tibia 3, metatarsus 1, tarsus 7. Leg II: femur 0,</p><p>patella p1, tibia 3 (p2), metatarsus 13, tarsus 8. Leg III: femur</p><p>0, patella pd6, tibia 7 (p3 r2), metatarsus 19 (p6 r2), tarsus</p><p>10. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 1, metatarsus 13, tarsus</p><p>15. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths: total 5.24; basal segment 2.21, middle</p><p>1.31, apical 1.72. Apical segment width 0.88. — Genitalia.</p><p>Basal two thirds of spermathecae wide, apical third narrower.</p><p>Length 1.09, width 0.72.</p><p>Distribution. Southwestern region of the Great Dividing</p><p>Range in New South Wales (Fig. 44).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFC6FF96C43796B25328FB12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFD8FF96C46F92C153CEF9A2.text	163F87D5FFD8FF96C46F92C153CEF9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche tambo Gray 2010	<div><p>Hadronyche tambo n.sp.</p><p>Figures 44–46; Table 13</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the Tambo</p><p>River in Gippsland, Victoria .</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS8341, 10 km north of Bairnsdale, Victoria,</p><p>37°49'S 147°37'E, February 1980, C. Brimblecombe. Paratypes. Victoria .</p><p>Males: AMS KS10595, 3 km NW.of Bairnsdale, 13 January 1983, N. Barton;</p><p>AMS KS10561, Butchers Ridge, via Buchan, 37°15'S 148°14'E, December</p><p>1982, N. Barton; AMS KS14336, Granite Rock, NE.of Bairnsdale, 37°45'S</p><p>147°39'E, 28 April 1984; K11081 (MV), Nowa Nowa, Vic ., 37°44'S</p><p>148°06'E, 23 November 1964; AMS KS16275, Bairnsdale area, 37°50'S</p><p>147°37'E, Dec 1985; AMS KS8362, Sarsfield, 37°45'S 147°43'E.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFD8FF96C46F92C153CEF9A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFDEFFE3C41990E553BCFE6F.text	163F87D5FFDEFFE3C41990E553BCFE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche monaro Gray 2010	<div><p>Hadronyche monaro n.sp.</p><p>Figures 47–49; Table 14</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Monaro region of New South Wales.</p><p>Figure 47. Hadronyche monaro, male: (A) sternum, labium and Types. Holotype male:AMS KS8744, Sawpit Creek, Kosciuszko National maxilla; (B) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) spinnerets; Park, New South Wales, 28°22'S 152°49'E, J. Gold, February 1982. (D) cheliceral groove teeth; (E) cephalothorax and chelicerae, Paratypes (all AM). New South Wales. Males:AMS KS6647, Sawpit Creek, dorsal; (F) palp, prolateral; (G) leg II, prolateral. Scale lines 1 mm. Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 6.23, width 6.08. inferior 1, 0. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 11, 8; metatarsus Abdomen length 7.24, width 5.23. — Colour. Basic colour 13, 10; tibia p6 r6, p5 r5. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur d9, pattern. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, cephalic patella 2 (p1 v1), tibia 25, metatarsus 23, tarsus 9. Leg II: area moderately raised. Height 2.95. Frontal width 4.67. femur d6, patella p2, tibia 7, metatarsus 13, tarsus 9. Leg III: Fovea procurved, anterior margin weakly notched. Mid- femur d2, patella 12 (p10 r2), tibia 17 (p4 r4), metatarsus dorsal cephalic setae do not reach fovea. Anterior strial 25, tarsus 13. Leg IV: femur d4 (bristle-like), patella r1, tibia setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with small, weak 6 (p1 r3), metatarsus 23, tarsus 21. — Abdomen. Sparsely bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. Eye group covered with weak bristles and hairs. Posterior lateral width 1.76. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.66, anterior spinnerets with medium length apical segment. Lengths: total width 0.80, posterior width 1.14. Diameters: AME 0.20, 2.34; basal segment 1.00, middle 0.58; apical 0.76. Apical ALE 0.33, PLE 0.20, PME 0.16. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral segment width 0.32. groove short, of medium width, margins diverging distally. Groove length 1.85, middle width 0.41. Cheliceral teeth: Distribution. East of the Snowy Mountains in the 19 central, occupying full length of groove; 9 prolateral; Eucumbene/Jindabyne region of New South Wales (Fig. 49). 9 retrolateral. — Labium. Almost as long as wide, not indented apically. Length 1.28, width 1.29. Labiosternal Hadronyche mascordi n.sp. sigilla narrowed toward midline. Cuspules c. 226, number moderate. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 4.08, width 3.22. Figures 49–52; Tables 15, 34 Posterior sigilla oval, broad. — Palp. Tegular area wider than long. Embolus of moderate length and width; shaft straight Etymology. The species is named for Ramon Mascord— to slightly curved, weakly tapered distally. Distal part of author, photographer and student of Australian spiders. embolus weakly twisted and flange rather short. Embolus</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS2065, Somersby, via Gosford, New South slightly offset from tegulum. Bulb length 2.19, width 0.93.</p><p>Wales, 33°21'S 151°17'E, L. Abra, October 1978. Paratypes (all AM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">Embolus</a> length 1.42, midwidth 0.18. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">Length</a> of femur 2.86, New South Wales. Males: AMS KS13393, Kulnura , 33°13'S 151°13'E, 25 patella 1.40, tibia 3.00. Width of tibia 1.46. Spination: femur October 1983; AMS KS13401, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Kulnura</a>, 33°13'S 151°13'E, September 1983, 2, patella 0, tibia 0. A few sinuous bristles on distal femur. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Nelson</a> and Rodgers; AMS KS4102, Somersby , 33°21'S 151°17'E, 3 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">October — Legs.</a> 4123 .</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>1 5.04 2.50 4.12 3.77 2.26 17.69</p><p>2 4.76 2.38 3.76 3.47 2.26 16.63</p><p>3 4.22 1.81 2.61 3.33 2.31 14.28</p><p>4 5.03 2.38 3.69 4.22 2.85 18.17</p><p>Tibia I width 0.94. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Leg</p><p>I unmodified. Tibia II without apophysis, weakly excavated distoventrally; ventral spines grouped in proximal half.</p><p>Metatarsus II weakly sinuous with a small spined midventral apophyseal swelling. Metatarsus IV slightly enlarged distally, concavely arched dorsally. Anterior coxal hairs normal. Tarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak; legs III, IV moderate to strong. Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I–III absent to weak; leg IV moderately developed, extending to midventral Figure 49. Collection records for Hadronyche monaro (squares) metatarsus. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 11, 10, and H. mascordi (circles)</p><p>1979, R. Mascord; AMS KS8571, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">Somersby</a>, 33°21'S 151°17'E , 12 October width 1.22. Diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.42, PLE 0.33, 1981, L.Abra ; AMS KS4108, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">Somersby</a>, 33°21'S 151°17'E, 3 October 1979 , PME 0.30. — Chelicerae. Anterodorsal paturon bristles K. Mascord ; AMS KS991, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">Somersby</a>, 33°21'S 151°17'E, November 1956 ,</p><p>J. V. Brown . AMS KS7335, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.28334/lat -33.35)">Somersby</a>, 33°21'S 151°17'E, 12 September rather short. Cheliceral groove moderately short and wide, 1956, J. Brown. Females : AMS KS15749, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.3/lat -33.433334)">Kariong</a>, near Gosford, 33°26'S margins diverging distally. Groove length 1.69, middle 151°18'E, L. Abra, October 1984 ; AMS KS14381, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Kulnura</a>, 33°13'S width 0.42. Cheliceral teeth: 7 central, running full length 151°13'E, 23 March 1984 , M. Gray; AMS KS14757, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.3/lat -33.433334)">Kariong</a>, 33°26'S of groove; 8 prolateral; 6 retrolateral. — Labium. Short — 151°18'E, 4 June 1984 ; AMS KS14234, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Kulnura</a>, 33°13'S 151°13'E, 10 length 0.98, width 1.39. Labium fused posteromedially with April 1984 , B. Thomas; AMS KS14233, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Kulnura</a>, 33°13'S 151°13'E, 10</p><p>April 1984, B. Thomas; AMS KS14551, Kulnura, 33°13'S 151°13'E, 21 sternum. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Labiosternal</a> sigilla reduced to a weak, transverse March 1984 , E. Thompson; AMS KS14226, Kulnura, 33°13'S 151°13'E, line suture flanked by two small lateral sigilla. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.21666/lat -33.216667)">Cuspules</a> c. 5 April 1984 ; AMS KS14547, Kariong, 33°26'S 151°18'E, 13 April 1984 . 209, covering most of ventral labium, number moderate.</p><p>— Sternum. Ovoid. Raised anteriorly and continuous with Other material examined. New South Wales (males): labium. Length 3.81, width 2.82. Posterior sigilla very small, AMS KS13394, Kulnura, 25 October 1983 ; AMS KS13399, ovoid to elongate. — Palp. Tegular area slightly wider than Kulnura, September 1983 ; AMS KS13400, Kulnura, long. Embolus shaft short, tapering, weakly curved. Distal September 1983 ; AMS KS13377, Somersby, 14 September embolus weakly to moderately twisted, often with a subdistal 1983, K. Gould ; AMS KS1929, Somersby, October 1978 , L. “notch”. Embolus moderately offset from tegulum. Bulb Abra ; AMS KS23333, Kulnura–Somersby area . length 2.10, width 0.84. Embolus length 1.34, midwidth</p><p>0.15. Length of femur 2.70, patella 1.40, tibia 2.68. Width Diagnosis. CL 5.54–6.68 (male). Small Atracinae . Differs of tibia 1.22. Spination: femur 1; few weak sinuous bristles from other atracine species in having a short labium (LW/ on distal femur. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>LL 0.64) that is fused with the sternum posteromedially</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total (Figs. 50A, 51A).</p><p>1 5.11 2.38 3.81 3.03 1.97 16.30 Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 6.19, width 5.68. 2 4.88 2.42 3.90 2.69 1.89 15.78</p><p>3 4.10 1.91 2.95 3.03 2.13 14.12 Abdomen length 6.07, width 4.51. — Colour. Basic colour</p><p>4 5.08 2.15 4.04 3.81 2.50 17.58 pattern, dark brown to black. Abdomen with 4–5 pairs of small distinct chevron markings on lateral dorsal abdomen.</p><p>Tibia I width 0.88. All femora with dorsal spines. Metatarsus — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, strongly raised.</p><p>I normal to slightly thickened proximally. Tibia II lacking Height 3.01. Frontal width 4.63. Fovea procurved. Mid-</p><p>apophysis, spines centrally-proximally placed. Metatarsus dorsal cephalic setae numerous, reach fovea. Anterior strial</p><p>II weakly sinuous, with a small mid-ventral swelling. setae present. Anterolateral angle of carapace with strong</p><p>Coxal hairs normal. Tarsal and distal metatarsal scopulae: bristles. — Eyes. Sessile. Eye group width 1.74. Median</p><p>weak to absent on legs I, II; well developed on legs III, IV. ocular quadrangle length 0.62, anterior width 0.79, posterior</p><p>Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 13, 13; inferior 6, 5.</p><p>Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 8, 9; metatarsus 12, 10; tibia</p><p>p6 r6, p6 r6. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur d4, patella 0,</p><p>tibia 10, metatarsus 30, tarsus 11. Leg II: femur d5, patella patella p4, tibia 8 (p4 r2), metatarsus 23 (p6 r3), tarsus 13. p1, tibia 10, metatarsus 13, tarsus 15. Leg III: femur d2, Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 3, metatarsus 21, tarsus patella p4, tibia 10 (p5 r2), metatarsus 19, tarsus 18. Leg 21. — Abdomen. Sparse cover of weak hairs and bristles. IV: femur d5, patella 0, tibia 6, metatarsus 20, tarsus 16. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical Lengths: total 2.58, basal segment 1.53, middle 0.82, apical segment. Lengths: total 1.99; basal segment 0.76, middle 0.82.Apical segment width 0.55. — Genitalia. Spermathecae 0.50, apical 0.73. Apical width 0.38. short, bluntly conical, lateral margins sloping medially; wide basally, separated by about half basal width. Length 0.75,</p><p>Female (paratype AMS KS15749) — Size. Carapace length width 0.68. 7.14, width 7.04. Abdomen length 12.50, width 8.78. — Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Almost as Distribution. Kulnura / Somersby region, Central Coast, New wide as long; strongly raised, broad frontally. Height 3.81; South Wales (Fig. 49). frontal width 6.05. Cephalic length 5.44. Fovea procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea. Anterior strial setae Comments. A female spider from Kulnura, NSW was present. Anterolateral carapace angle with a few bristles. collected (apparently dead) in her burrow with 14 young — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. Eye group width (KS14551). These “spiderlings” were remarkable because 2.11. Diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.46, PLE 0.34, PME of their large size—their mean carapace length was 4.0 mm, 0.28. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.37, AME–ALE 0.20, compared with 8.0 mm for the female. ALE–PLE 0.26, PLE– PME 0.14, PME – PME 0.95. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.73, anterior width 0.91, posterior width 1.45. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove margins diverge distally. Groove length 2.31, middle width 0.65. Cheliceral Hadronyche nimoola n.sp. teeth: 22 central in a single row occupying full length of groove; 8 prolateral; 6 retrolateral. — Labium. Short (length Figures 53 –56; Tables 16, 34 1.09, width 1.67), fused with sternum as in male; anterior margin not indented. Cuspules distributed over most of Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from an aboriginal ventral labium. — Sternum. Ovoid, fused anteriorly with word for a steep slope, a reference to the caput profile of labium, surface strongly convex. Length 4.62, width 3.81. this species. Posterior sternal sigilla small, narrow and elongate: length 0.61, width 0.21. — Palp. Spination: tibia 0 (strong bristles), Types. Holotype male: AMS KS867, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.21666/lat -35.716667)">Batemans Bay</a>, New South Wales, 35°43'S 150°13'E, J. R. Mylott, 3 March 1973. Paratypes (all AM). New</p><p>tarsus 6. Tarsal claw with 8 teeth. Trichobothria: tibia p5 r6, South Wales Males: AMS KS2276 Benandarah State Forest, 35°39'S</p><p>tarsus 10. — Legs. 4123. Legs I and IV subequal. 150°15'E, 30 November 1978 – 4 January 1979, C. Horseman; AMS KS863, Bermagui, 36°25'S 150°04'E, K. Walker; AMS KS12124, Bondi State</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Forest, nr.Bombala, 37°06'S 149°15'E, 26 January 1981, G. Gowing et al.;</p><p>1 5.66 2.99 4.11 3.32 2.21 18.29 AMS KS2665, Bowral, 34°28'S 150°25'E, 7 February 1979, G. Goodfellow; 2 5.10 2.79 3.88 3.18 2.18 17.13 AMS KS2081, Crookwell, 34°27'S 149°28'E, 28 November 1978, L.E. 3 4.22 1.97 2.48 2.89 2.24 13.80 Willis; AMS KS862, Narooma, 36°12'S 150°08'E, 14 February 1971, 4 5.58 2.58 3.89 3.77 2.48 18.30 B. Plunkett-Cole; AMS KS88199, Exeter, 34°36'S 150°19'E, 21 January 2004; AMS KS3876, Narooma, 36°13'S 150°08'E, January 1979, B.H.</p><p>Plunkett-Cole. Females: AMS KS4664, Bundanoon, 34°39'S 150°18'E,</p><p>Tibia I width 1.20. Metatarsus I proximal width 0.86. Coxal February, 1980; AMS KS16446, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.06667/lat -36.416668)">Bermagui</a>, 36°25'S 150°04'E , K. Walker; setae unmodified. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 10, AMS KS12139, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.25/lat -37.1)">Bondi State Forest</a>, nr. Bombala, 37°06'S 149°15'E , 26 10; inferior 5, 5. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 11, 11; January 1981, G. Gowing et al.; AMS KS6163, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.41667/lat -34.466667)">Bowral</a>, 34°28'S 150°25'E , October 1980, H.Styles; AMS KS6825, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.4/lat -34.533333)">Grabben Gullen</a>, 34°32'S 149°24'E ,</p><p>metatarsus 13, 10; tibia p6 r6. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 16 December 1980, R. Chown; AMS KS4506, Moruya, 35°54'S 150°06'E,</p><p>0, patella 0, tibia 1, metatarsus 6, tarsus 5. Leg II: femur 0, January 1980; AMS KS3625, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.13333/lat -36.2)">Narooma</a>, 36°12'S 150°08'E, 15 June 1971 , patella 0, tibia 2, metatarsus 11, tarsus 7. Leg III: femur 0, J. Cobcroft .</p><p>Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS2032, pattern. — Carapace. About as wide as long, strongly raised. Benandarah State Forest, 5 October 1978 – 2 November 1978, C.Horseman; Height 3.61. Frontal width 5.99. Fovea broad, procurved, AMS KS867, Bateman’s Bay, 3 March 1973; AMS KS12150, Bondi State Forest, near Bombala, 26 January 1981, G. Gowing et al.; AMS KS3460, anterior margin weakly indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic Yass River, 30 July 1966, A.B.Thompson; AMS KS6163, Bowral, October setae small, closely spaced, reach, or almost reach, fovea. 1980, H. Styles; AMS KS13806, Bundanoon, 5 February 1984, W. Nooijen; Anterior strial setae absent. Anterolateral angle of carapace AMS KS6825, Grabben Gullen, 16 December 1980, R. Chown; AMS with weak bristles. — Eyes. Sessile to slightly raised in KS7567, Grabben Gullen, 23 October 1980, R. Chown; AMS KS2117, central eye region. Eye group width 2.32. Median ocular Kioloa State Forest, 2 November 1978 – 30 November 1978, C. Horseman; AMS KS2293, Kioloa State Forest, 30 November 1978 – 4 January 1979, quadrangle length 0.78, anterior width 1.05, posterior C. Horseman; AMS KS1163, Mittagong, 13 January 1978, M. Johnson; width 1.60. Diameters: AME 0.33, ALE 0.47, PLE 0.37, AMS KS6275, Moss Vale, 27 December 1980, J. Kelly; AMS KS868 &amp; PME 0.25. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove broad, margins 869, Nerrigundah, December 1945, V. Haskell; AMS KS861, Narooma, diverging distally. Groove length 2.28, middle width 0.52. 16 November 1974, B. Plunkett-Cole . New South Wales (females): AMS KS1865, Bega, 24 January 1976, H.W. Kemp; AMS KS1867, Bermagui, Cheliceral teeth: 16 central, running full length of groove; May 1964, K.Walker; AMS KS11996, Bondi State Forest, near Bombala, 14 9 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. — Labium. Wider than long. November 1980, G. Gowing et al.; AMS KS1872, Bowral, H.H. Florence; Length 1.44, width 1.66. Labiosternal sigilla narrowed in AMS KS1873, Bundanoon, 8 January 1952, N.C. de Meyrick; Merimbula, midline. Cuspules c. 234, number moderate. — Sternum. 5 June 1964 (MV); AMS KS4777, Mittagong, June 1937, A. Livingstone; Ovoid, broad. Setae weak. Length 4.35, width 3.65. Posterior AMS KS2961, Narooma, 29 April 1979, A. Brown . Australian Capital Territory (male): AMS KS13824, Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, 9 March sigilla elongate, ovoid. — Palp. Tegular area wider than 1978, P. Ormay. long. Embolus rather short, strongly tapered distally, weakly curved. Distal part moderately twisted, embolic groove</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 5.85–7.22 (male). Small atracine spiders sometimes rather wide. Embolus weakly to moderately without leg II apophyses. Differs from most Hadronyche offset from tegulum. Bulb length 2.43, width 0.99. Embolus spp. by caput being high and wide, almost bulbous (CH /CW: length 1.61, midwidth 0.18. Length of femur 3.50, patella male 0.53 [Fig. 53A], female 0.61 [Fig. 54B]), and having 1.45, tibia 3.49. Width of tibia 1.64. Spination: femur with relatively few STC teeth (7–9) on tarsi I, II; from H. mascordi 7 sinuous bristle-like spines, tibia with 2 bristle-like spines. by having an entire labiosternal sigilla; from lamingtonensis —Legs. 4123. group species by having a long central cheliceral tooth row.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>1 6.23 3.01 4.80 4.26 2.65 20.95</p><p>Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 7.01, width 7.30.</p><p>2 5.66 2.87 4.43 3.90 2.46 19.32</p><p>Abdomen length 8.44, width 6.03. — Colour. Basic colour</p><p>3 4.82 2.34 3.28 3.62 2.65 16.71</p><p>4 6.10 2.88 4.92 4.74 3.15 21.79</p><p>Tibia I width 1.15. Femur I with few or no dorsal spines; femur II usually with spines, occasionally none; femora III and IV with spines. Legs I and II unmodified, spines small, scattered. Metatarsus IV thickened distally, concavely arched dorsally.Anteromedial hairs on coxae I, II usually thickened Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total basally. Tarsal and distal metatarsal scopulae moderately 1 6.11 3.36 4.18 3.28 2.12 19.05 developed on legs I, II; strongly developed on legs III, IV. 2 5.45 3.20 3.62 3.03 2.26 17.56 Metatarsi IV scopulae extend to mid ventral area. Tarsal 3 4.58 2.36 2.59 2.83 2.35 14.71 claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 8: inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria 4 6.15 3.77 4.63 3.98 2.74 21.27 legs I, II: tarsus 11, 10, metatarsus 13, 13; tibia p6 r6, p6 r6. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 11 (p3), Tibia I width 1.48. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.03. Coxae metatarsus 25, tarsus 22. Leg II: femur d5, patella p1, tibia I, II with basally thickened and thorn-like setae anteriorly. 17, metatarsus 32, tarsus 23. Leg III: femur d6, patella 33 Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 7; inferior 2, 2. (p26 r7), tibia 22 (p7, r2, d2), metatarsus 40, tarsus 27. Leg Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 11, 11, metatarsus 12, 11; tibia IV: femur d7, patella r5, tibia 8 (r1 d2), metatarsus 22, tarsus p6 r5, p6 r5. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 35. — Abdomen. Sparse, fine hair cover, bristles lacking or 1, metatarsus 10, tarsus 7. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 1, very weak. Posterior lateral spinnerets with moderately metatarsus 14, tarsus 7. Leg III; femur 0, patella pd 20, tibia short apical segment. Lengths: total 2.88; basal segment 12 (p6 r3), metatarsus 33 (p14 r6), tarsus 15. Leg IV: femur 1.32; middle 0.58; apical 0.98. Apical segment width 0.48. 0, patella 0, tibia 1, metatarsus 14, tarsus 7. — Abdomen.</p><p>Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Female (paratype AMS KS4664) — Size. Carapace length Lengths: total 3.95; basal segment 1.79, middle 0.87, apical 8.74, width 8.65. Abdomen length 12.24, width 8.30. — 1.29. Apical segment width 0.69. — Genitalia. Spermathecae Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. About as long as short, digitiform, well separated basally (by slightly more wide, cephalic area broad and very strongly raised. Height than basal spermatheca width); diverge toward rounded and 5.08; frontal width 7.84. Cephalic length 6.90. Fovea wide, slightly enlarged apices. Length 0.87, width 0.44. deeply procurved, anterior margin indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae variable, may or may not reach fovea. Anterior Distribution. Southern highland and south coastal regions strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with several of New South Wales (Fig. 56). weak bristles. — Eyes. Eye region sessile. Eye group width 2.76. Diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.47, PLE 0.38, PME 0.24. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.55, AME–ALE 0.43, A.L.E–PLE 0.40, PLE–PME 0.26, PME–PME 1.36. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.88, anterior width 1.17, posterior width 1.88. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove wide, margins diverging distally. Groove length 2.83, middle width 0.74. Cheliceral teeth: 36 central, occupying full length of groove in irregular double row; 11 prolateral; 9 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider than long, anterior margin weakly or not indented. Length 2.10, width 2.46. Cuspules occupy anterior two-thirds of labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire, narrow. — Sternum. Broad, subcircular. Length 5.78, width 5.08. Anterolateral angles with a few short, basally thickened, bristle-like setae. Posterior sigilla long, ovoid: length 1.31, width 0.49. — Palp. Spination: tibia 1, tarsus 8. Trichobothria: tibia p6 r5, tarsus 14. Tarsal claws with 6 teeth. — Legs. 4123. Figure 56. Collection records for Hadronyche nimoola (squares)</p><p>and H. modesta (circles).</p><p>Hadronyche modesta (Simon) Male (AMS KS8475, Lilydale, 14 May 1980). — Size.</p><p>Carapace length 6.40, width 6.10. Abdomen length 5.85, Figures 56–59; Tables 17, 34 width 6.12. — Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace.</p><p>Slightly longer than wide, cephalic area moderately raised. Atrax modesta Simon, 1891: 302 . Hogg, 1901: 272. Main, Height 2.68, frontal width 4.16. Fovea slightly procurved. 1985: 41. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae few, do not reach fovea. Anterior Hadronyche modesta .–Gray, 1988: 114 (transferred from strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with a Atrax). few very weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region raised.</p><p>Types. Holotype female: MNHN, Paris (not seen). Melbourne, Victoria. Eye group width 1.82. Median ocular quadrangle length</p><p>0.64, anterior width 0.86, posterior width 1.14. Diameters: Other material examined. Victoria (males): Ellinbank via Warragul, 11 AME 0.28, ALE 0.32, PLE 0.22, PME 0.14. — Chelicerae. May 1962, J. Copley (MV); AMS KS8471 , Emerald, 3 April 1978; AMS Cheliceral groove margins subparallel to weakly divergent. KS8472 , Emerald, 20 April 1979; Leongatha, 6 June 1963, I. Bissett (MV) ;</p><p>AMS KS7292, Back Creek Rd., Gembrook State Forest, near Gembrook, Groove length 2.06, middle width 0.34. Cheliceral teeth: Victoria, L. Gibson, 10 March 1981 ); Mirboo North 15 April 1966 , G.B. 23 central, occupying full length of groove; 8 prolateral, Burr (MV); 6 km NE. of Mirboo North, 26.iii.1967 , J. Seebeck (MV); 9 retrolateral. Central tooth row occasionally shorter . — AMS KS8473, Mount Eliza, 23 April 1979 ; AMS KS8930, Mount Tassie, Labium. Wider than long, apically indented. Length 1.00, Strezelecki Ranges, 25 March 1982 , R. Waters; AMS KS8933, Tanjil South,</p><p>near Moe, February 1982, N. Barton; AMS KS8474, Thorpdale, 10 April width 1.38. Labiosternal sigilla narrowed toward midline. 1980; Wright, SE of Emerald, September 1951 , C. Oke (MV); Yallourn, Slight transverse groove behind cuspules. Cuspules c. 123, 6 February 1963 , J. Irving (MV); Yarra Junction, 4 May 1964 , J. Mooney number low-moderate. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 4.01, (MV); Yarra Junction 20 April 1964 , J. Mooney (MV). Victoria (females): width 3.28. Posterior sigilla elongate, narrow. — Palp. AMS KS10775, Cockatoo, 10 October 1982 ,? McKelvey; AMS KS8477, Tegular area wider than long. Embolus short and broad, Ferny Creek, 6 October 1979 ; AMS KS12618, Hawthorn, 23 January 1983 ,</p><p>M. Harvey; AMS KS8476, Milford, 26 October 1976 ; AMS KS8339, almost straight, base moderately offset from tegulum; distal Mirboo North, Apr 1980 ; AMS KS8932, Moe area, October 1981 , N.Barton; embolus straight, hardly twisted. Bulb length 2.26, width AMS KS8470, Mount Evelyn, Lilydale Shire, 5 June 1979 ; AMS KS8931, 1.03. Embolus length 1.37, midwidth 0.20. Length of femur Newborough, near Moe, March 1982 , N. Barton; AMS KS8926, Sassafras, 3.06, patella 1.36, tibia 3.18. Width of tibia 1.71. Spination: 14 February 1982 , N.Wentworth; AMS KS10560, Warragul, January 1983 ,</p><p>N. Barton; AMS KS3386,Yinnar, 9 July 1979, N. Barton. femur 3, patella 4, tibia 0. Distal femur spined, sinuous bristles few to absent. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 5.48–7.30 (male). Small atracine spiders with</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total leg II apophyseal swellings (Figs. 57G, 59H–K). Differs from</p><p>1 6.16 2.69 4.82 4.45 2.75 20.87 H. meridiana and H. jensenae by having a short, straight</p><p>2 5.91 2.61 4.82 4.20 2.75 20.29 embolus but with the distal part neither twisted nor angled,</p><p>3 5.22 2.23 3.76 4.20 2.92 17.33 respectively (Fig. 59B,C). Differs from other Hadronyche</p><p>4 6.32 2.72 5.24 5.44 3.48 23.20 spp. with leg II apophyses/swellings by having a relatively short labium (LL/LW 0.71) (Fig. 57E).</p><p>Tibia I width 1.14. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Leg Length 5.08, width 4.38. Posterior sigilla elongate, length I unmodified, tibial and metatarsal ventral spines numerous. 1.02, width 0.39. — Palp. Spination: tibia 1–3 ventral bristle- Patella I and II lack prolateral spines. Ventral tibia II weakly like spines, tarsus 9. Trichobothria: tibia p5 r4, tarsus 7. swollen and spinose proximally-centrally; with a few Tarsal claw with 5 teeth. — Legs. 1423.</p><p>enlarged central spines; distal tibia II concave ventrally and</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total lacking spines (other than apical pair). Metatarsus II sinuous,</p><p>1 7.08 4.04 5.29 4.11 3.01 23.53 with a small, spined, midventral apophysis. Coxal setae</p><p>2 6.29 3.13 4.74 3.64 2.41 20.21 unmodified. Scopulae legs I–IV: tarsus, weak to moderate;</p><p>3 4.83 2.72 3.01 3.11 2.62 16.29 distal metatarsus, all weak. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II:</p><p>4 6.30 3.70 4.82 4.32 3.05 22.19 superior 9, 8; inferior 0, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 9,</p><p>8; metatarsus 9, 9; tibia p5 r5, p6 r5. — Leg spination. Leg</p><p>Tibia I width 1.40. Metatarsus I proximal width 0.88. Coxal I: femur d4, patella 1, tibia 30, metatarsus 41, tarsus 32. Leg</p><p>setae unmodified. Tibia I, II with no to few spines. Tarsal II: femur d4, patella 2, tibia 12, metatarsus 32, tarsus 32.</p><p>claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 8; inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria Leg III: femur d2 (plus strong bristles), patella p9, tibia 15</p><p>legs I, II: tarsus 10, 9; metatarsus 10, 9; tibia p6 r6, p6 r5. (p1 r4), metatarsus 24, tarsus 31. Leg IV: femur 0 (strong</p><p>— Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus bristles present), patella 0, tibia 12 (r3), metatarsus 21, tarsus</p><p>6, tarsus 12. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 32. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical</p><p>7, tarsus 16. Leg III: femur 0, patella pd13, tibia 5(p2 r1), segment. Lengths: total 2.01; basal segment 0.94; middle</p><p>metatarsus 17(pd4 rd2) tarsus 19. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0.40; apical 0.67. Apical segment width 0.31.</p><p>0, tibia 0, metatarsus 12, tarsus 24. — Abdomen. Sparse cover of weak hairs and bristles. Posterior lateral spinnerets Female (MV K11082), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.6/lat -37.833332)">Hoddles Creek</a>, Victoria, 37°50'S with short apical segment. Length: total 3.16; basal segment 145°36'E, S. Johnson, 18 October 1981). — Size. Carapace 1.50, middle 0.67, apical 0.99. Apical segment width 0.56. length 7.48, width 7.11. Abdomen length 10.74, width 7.21. — Genitalia. Spermathecae digitiform, short, apical third — Colour. Basic colour pattern. Anterodorsal abdominal separated from basal two thirds by a slight constriction. sigilla prominent. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, Length 0.85, width. 0.41 .</p><p>strongly raised. Height 3.60. Frontal width 6.02. Cephalic length 5.57. Fovea strongly procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic Distribution. Melbourne/Dandenong Range region to setae few, reach only two-thirds way to fovea. Anterior eastern Gippsland, Victoria (Fig. 56).</p><p>strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with a few hairs, no bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region weakly Hadronyche meridiana Hogg</p><p>raised. Eye group width 1.97. Diameters: AME 0.25, ALE</p><p>0.43, PLE 0.27, PME 0.18. Interdistances: AME–AME Figures 60–63; Tables 18, 34</p><p>0.37, AME–ALE 0.26, ALE–PLE 0.28, PLE–PME 0.30,</p><p>PME–PME 0.84. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.71, Hadronyche meridiana Hogg, 1902: 122 . Original descripanterior width 0.81, posterior width 1.24. — Chelicerae. tion by Hogg (1901, 274) as mis-identified male of H.</p><p>Paturon with sparse anterodorsal bristle cover. Cheliceral cerberea .</p><p>groove moderately wide, margins diverging distally. Groove</p><p>Types. Holotype male: BMNH 1903.2.10.6 (NHM). Mt. Macedon, Victoria, length 2.65, middle width 0.68. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.58333/lat -37.383335)">Cheliceral</a> teeth: 18 central, 37°23'S 144°35'E, H. R. Hogg.</p><p>in single row occupying full length of groove, occasionally row shorter; 11 prolateral; 9 retrolateral. — Labium. Wider Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS4503, than long, apically shallowly indented. Length 1.43, width Adelong, 22 July 1980, M. Pearce; AMS KS917, Kunama, 10 January 1971;</p><p>AMS KS916, “Loch Haven”, Wantagong, 20 June 971 , R. Flynn; AMS 2.01. Cuspules grouped on anterior half. Labiosternal sigilla KS915, Wantagong, 1 April 1971, R. Hunter; AMS KS913, Wondalga, 23 slightly narrowed toward midline. — Sternum. Broad, ovoid. September 1948 , C.H. Jagoe. New South Wales (females): AMS KS4973, Adelong, 10 January 1980, M. Pearce; AMS KS6053, Rosewood, 20 varies from basal area only to full length of groove. — October 1980, D.M.Fordham. Victoria (males): AMS KS8488, Baranduda, Labium. Wider than long, surface flattened. Length 1.20, 13 October 1978 , A. McDonald; AMS KS10771, Lake Bolac, June 1982 ,</p><p>H. Parnaby; Avenel, 6 September 1963 (MV) ; Benalla, 20 October 1968 width 1.58. Labiosternal sigilla narrowed centrally. Cuspules (MV); Euroa, 19 June 1965 (MV) ; Pranjip, Longwood area, 4 July 1965 c. 134, number low to moderate. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length (MV); AMS KS8484, Trawool, near Seymour, 15 August 1980 , P May 4.20, width 3.24. Posterior sigilla ovoid. — Palp. Tegular area Williams; Violet Town, 5 February 1980 , A. Kube (MV); AMS KS8485, slightly wider than long. Embolus of moderate length, rather Willowmavin,near Kilmore, 29 April 1974 . Victoria (females): Rutherglen broad, weakly curved and tapered, with distal part twisted. Research Institute; AMS KS13651–3, Shepparton, 15 January 1984 , M.</p><p>Gardener; Violet Town, 5 February 1980, A. Kube (MV); AMS KS3399, Embolus base weakly to moderately offset from tegulum. Hall’s Gap, 26 March 1974, M. Gray. Bulb length 2.51, width 0.95. Embolus length 1.67, midwidth 0.30. Length of femur 3.24, patella 1.27, tibia 3.30. Width</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 5.44–7.04. Small atracine spiders with weak of tibia 1.48. Spination: femur 5, patella 1, tibia 3. Sinuous apophyseal swellings on leg II (Figs. 60F, 62H–J). Differs bristles and spines present on distal femur. — Legs. 4123. from H. modesta and H. jensenae by having embolus apically Legs I, 2 subequal.</p><p>twisted (Fig. 62B,C). Differs from other Hadronyche spp.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>with leg II apophyses/swellings by having a relatively short</p><p>1 6.15 2.87 4.59 4.48 2.99 21.08</p><p>labium (LL/LW 0.78) (Fig. 60D).</p><p>2 5.82 2.81 4.84 4.43 3.05 20.95</p><p>3 5.01 2.40 3.52 4.16 3.09 18.18</p><p>Male (AMS KS8490), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.2/lat -36.9)">Avenel</a>, Victoria, 36°54'S 144°12'E, 4 6.03 2.68 4.89 5.09 3.35 22.04 May 1981). — Size. Carapace length 6.92, width 6.64 .</p><p>Abdomen length 7.17, width 5.23. — Colour. Basic colour</p><p>Tibia I width 1.07. Femora I and II with dorsal spines; bristle-</p><p>pattern. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, cephalic area</p><p>like spines on femora II, IV. Metatarsus I slightly thickened</p><p>moderately raised. Height 3.12. Frontal width 5.45. Fovea</p><p>near middle, large ventral spines grouped here. Metatarsus</p><p>straight to slightly procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae do</p><p>II sinuous with spined midventral apophysis. Tibia II with</p><p>not reach fovea. Anterior strial setae present. Anterolateral</p><p>weak, spined apophyseal swelling mid ventrally, ventral</p><p>angle of carapace with weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye</p><p>spines grouped with 2–4 central spines enlarged. Tibia II</p><p>region slightly raised. Eye group width 1.86. Median ocular</p><p>weakly excavated distally. Anterior coxal hairs normal.</p><p>quadrangle length 0.75, anterior width 0.96, posterior</p><p>Tarsal scopulae: leg I weak; legs II–IV moderate to strong.</p><p>width 1.24. Diameters: AME 0.32, ALE 0.46, PLE 0.43,</p><p>Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak to absent, legs III,</p><p>PME 0.20. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove rather narrow,</p><p>IV moderate to strong. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior</p><p>margins subparallel. Groove length 2.35, middle width 0.38.</p><p>12, 11; inferior 2, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 9, 9;</p><p>Cheliceral teeth: 7 central (6 in basal half, 1 in distal half);</p><p>metatarsus 11, 8; tibia p5 r5, p6 r5. — Leg spination. Leg I:</p><p>12 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. Central tooth row distribution</p><p>femur d5, patella v1, tibia 26, metatarsus 33, tarsus 13. Leg</p><p>II: femur d4, patella p1, tibia 9, metatarsus 20, tarsus 13. Leg</p><p>III: femur d4 (bristle like), patella p7, metatarsus 17, tarsus</p><p>20. Leg IV: femur d5 (bristle like), patella 0, tibia 2 (d1),</p><p>metatarsus 10, tarsus 19. — Abdomen. Sparsely covered with weak bristles and hairs with a pair of larger bristles above pedicel. Posterior lateral spinnerets with a rather short apical segment. Lengths: total 2.84; basal segment 1.24; middle</p><p>0.74; apical 0.86. Apical segment width 0.46.</p><p>Female (K11083 MV), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.63333/lat -36.933334)">Strathbogie Range</a>, Victoria, 36°56'S apical segment short. Lengths. total 3.07; basal segment 145°38'E, 7 March 1982) — Size. Carapace length 7.83, 1.43; middle 0.69; apical 0.95. Apical segment width 0.56. width 7.07. Abdomen length 11.02, width 7.48. — Colour. — Genitalia. Spermathecae very short and broad. Apical Basic colour pattern. Abdominal chevrons distinct, well area narrower than expanded central region. Spermatheca separated. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, strongly length 0.82, width 0.68 .</p><p>raised. Height 4.01; frontal width 6.60. Cephalic length</p><p>5.60. Fovea wide, procurved anterior margin indented. Mid- Distribution. Western side of Great Dividing Range in dorsal cephalic setae do not reach fovea.Anterior strial setae Southern New South Wales and northern Victoria (Fig. 63). absent basally. Anterolateral carapace angle with a few weak This species is provisionally recorded from the Grampian bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region raised. Eye group width Ranges on the basis of a single female from the Hall’s Gap 2.11. Diameters: AME 0.27, ALE 0.41, PLE 0.34, PME area—male records are needed to confirm this.</p><p>0.23. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.36, AME–ALE 0.25,</p><p>ALE–PLE 0.21, PLE–PME 0.17, PME–PME 0.96. Median Comments. In some males a few mid row or distal teeth ocular quadrangle length 0.70, anterior width 0.89, posterior may be missing, making keying such individuals difficult. width 1.43. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove margins diverge weakly distally. Groove length 2.65, middle width 0.54. Hadronyche jensenae n.sp.</p><p>Cheliceral teeth: 26 central, in single row occupying full length of groove; 13 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. Central tooth Figures 63–65; Table 19</p><p>row length variable. — Labium. Wider than long, anterior margin slightly concave, sides rounded. Length 1.55, width Etymology. The species is named for my wife, Greta Jensen 2.11. Cuspules occupying anterior two-thirds of labium. Gray.</p><p>Labiosternal sigilla narrowed at midline. — Sternum. Ovoid.</p><p>Length 5.10, width 4.01. Posterior sternal sigilla elongate, Types. Holotype male: K11085 (MV), Woodside, Victoria, 38°32'S removed from margins: length 0.99, width 0.34. — Palp. 146°53'E, 15 August 1966. Paratypes. Victoria. Males: K11086 (MV), Spination: tibia 0–1 (strong bristles present), tarsus 8. Woodside, data as for holotype; K11087 (MV), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.4/lat -38.233334)">Morwell</a>, 38°14'S 146°24'E., 28 August 1967 .</p><p>Trichobothria: tibia p6 r6, tarsus 8. Tarsal claw with 4 teeth.</p><p>— Legs. 4123. Legs I, IV subequal.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>1 5.92 2.82 4.59 3.60 2.37 19.30</p><p>2 5.10 2.62 3.94 3.47 2.38 17.51</p><p>3 4.60 2.55 2.84 3.12 2.52 15.91</p><p>4 5.71 2.96 4.08 4.09 2.92 19.76</p><p>Tibia I width 1.29. Metatarsus I proximal width 0.95. Coxae</p><p>I, II with a few basally thickened setae frontally. Tibia I, II with few to no spines. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior</p><p>7, 7; inferior 3, 3. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 9, 10;</p><p>metatarsus 14, 12; tibia p6 r6, p6 r5. — Leg spination. Leg</p><p>I; femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 5, tarsus 4. Leg II:</p><p>femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 7, tarsus 5. Leg III:</p><p>femur 0, patella p7, tibia 9 (p5 r2), metatarsus 15 (p5 rd2),</p><p>tarsus 12. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 10, Figure 63. Collection records for Hadronyche meridiana (squares) tarsus 14. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets stout, and H. jensenae (circles).</p><p>Other material. AMS KS 112636, Vic. Dept. Agric., Bairnsdale (locality pattern; abdomen partly discoloured or damaged in all unknown), 20 June 1978. specimens. — Carapace. About as wide as long, cephalic area moderately raised. Height 2.65; frontal width 4.21. Fovea</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 4.72–6.60 (male). Small atracine spiders. procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae few, do not reach fovea.</p><p>Differ from other atracine species by having a short, broad Anterior strial setae absent.Anterolateral carapace angle with</p><p>embolus with distal part set at distinct angle to shaft (Fig. weak hairs only. — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised.</p><p>65B,C). Eye group width 1.57. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.60, anterior width 0.74, posterior width 1.10. Diameters:</p><p>Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 5.74, width 5.70. AME 0.20; ALE 0.35; PLE 0.29; PME 0.23. — Chelicerae.</p><p>Abdomen length 6.5, width 4.7. — Colour. Basic colour Groove margins diverge weakly distally. Groove length 2.00, middle width 0.30. Cheliceral teeth. 15 central, occupying full length of groove; 9 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. — Labium. Much wider than long, rectangular, apically weakly indented. Length 0.92, width 1.25. Labiosternal sigilla broad. Cuspules c. 160, number moderate to low. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 3.59, width 2.98. Posterior sternal sigilla ovoid to elongate; middle sigilla small. — Palp. Tegular area slightly wider than long. Embolus very short and broad, base strongly offset from tegulum. Distal part of embolus not twisted, but angled strongly at about 45° to shaft. Bulb length 2.23, width 1.01. Embolus length 1.31, midwidth 0.20. Tibia short, strongly incrassate proximally. Length of femur 2.71, patella 1.12, tibia 2.71. Width of tibia 2.01. Spination: femur 6; patella 1; tibia d2. Distal femur with spines, without sinuous bristles. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 1 5.34 2.52 3.94 3.46 2.38 17.64 2 4.79 2.30 3.74 3.19 2.38 16.40 3 4.08 2.14 2.89 3.03 2.24 14.38 4 5.17 2.28 4.08 3.90 2.82 18.25</p><p>Tibia I width 0.94. Femora I, II with dorsal spines.</p><p>Metatarsus I slightly thickened in proximal half, spines strong, scattered. Tibia II without apophysis, ventral spines few, grouped proximally with c. two larger spines toward middle; distoventral tibia weakly concave. Metatarsus II weakly to moderately sinuous with small, apophysis midventrally. Tarsi III, IV slightly swollen. Anterior coxal hairs unmodified. Tarsal and distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I,</p><p>Figure 64. Hadronyche jensenae, male: (A) cephalothorax and II weak; legs III, IV moderate. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: chelicerae, dorsal; (B) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) superior 11, 11; inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus cheliceral groove teeth; (D) sternum, labium and maxilla; (E) leg 8, 7; metatarsus 6, 6; tibia p5 r5, p5 r5. — Leg spination. Leg II, prolateral; (F) spinnerets; (G) palp, prolateral. Scale lines 1 mm. I: femur d5, patella 0, tibia 18, metatarsus 19, tarsus 10. Leg</p><p>II: femur d4, patella 0, tibia 5, metatarsus 11, tarsus 9. Leg</p><p>III: femur d1, patella pd10, tibia 10 (r2), metatarsus 17 (p5</p><p>r2), tarsus 8. Leg IV: femur d1–2 (strong bristles present),</p><p>patella 0, tibia 3 (rd1), metatarsus 10, tarsus 11. — Abdomen.</p><p>Bristles stronger anteriorly with a prominent frontal pair.</p><p>Posterior lateral spinnerets with rather short apical segment.</p><p>Lengths: total 1.90; basal segment 0.84; middle 0.42; apical</p><p>0.64. Apical segment width 0.34.</p><p>Distribution. Central Gippsland, Victoria (Fig. 63).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFDEFFE3C41990E553BCFE6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFADFFEFC5FD97F75593FE4A.text	163F87D5FFADFFEFC5FD97F75593FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche pulvinator (Hickman 1927)	<div><p>Hadronyche pulvinator (Hickman)</p><p>Figures 66, 67</p><p>Atrax pulvinator Hickman, 1927: 70 . Main, 1985: 41.</p><p>Hadronyche pulvinator .–Gray, 1988: 114 (Transferred from Figure 67. Collection records for Hadronyche pulvinator .</p><p>Atrax). AME 0.20, ALE 0.34, PLE 0.25, PME 0.22. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.30, AME–ALE 0.17, ALE–PLE 0.20, PLE– Types. Holotype female: QVM 1957–15 – 20 Type 17.The Cascades, Hobart,</p><p>Tasmania, 42°54'S 147°17'E, V. V. Hickman. PME 0.07, PME – PME 0.82. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.50, anterior width 0.70, posterior width 1.25. Diagnosis. CL 6.15 (female). Small atracine spiders. Differs — Chelicerae. Paturon with a medial line of long, weak from H. venenata having central cheliceral teeth in a short, bristles, remaining anterodorsal bristles shorter. Groove basal row (Fig. 66D), and relatively short labium and narrow, margins diverge slightly distally. Groove length spinnerets (Fig. 66A,G). 1.91, middle width 0.50. Distal half of groove transversely ridged. Cheliceral teeth: 7 central, in basal third of groove; 6 Redescription of holotype female. Size. Carapace length prolateral; 6 retrolateral, absent from distal third of margin. 6.15, width 5.64. Abdomen length 10.20, width 8.50. — — Labium. Wider than long. Length 1.22, width 1.48. Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Slightly longer Anterior margin indented apically, lateral margins rounded. than wide, strongly raised. Height 2.71. Frontal width 4.94. Cuspules grouped anterocentrally. Labiosternal sigilla Cephalic length 4.69. Fovea procurved, anterior margin narrowed centrally. — Sternum. Broad, ventrally domed. slightly indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae do not reach Length 3.85, width 3.44. Posterior sigilla ovoid: length 0.76, fovea. Anterior strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace width 0.44. — Palp. Spination: tarsus 3. Trichobothria: tibia angle with a few very weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye p4 r5, tarsus 4. Tarsal claw with 2–3 teeth. — Legs. 4123 .</p><p>region very weakly raised. Eye group width 1.72. Diameters: Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 1 3.94 1.89 2.50 1.97 1.60 11.90 2 3.36 1.89 2.13 1.79 1.46 10.63 3 3.44 1.64 1.89 1.64 1.48 10.09 4 4.14 2.26 2.46 2.50 1.84 13.20</p><p>Tibia I width 1.10. Metatarsus I short, proximal width 0.83. Coxal hairs unmodified. Tibia I, II without spines. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 5, 5; inferior 2, 1. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 7, 6; metatarsus 7, 7; tibia p4 r5, p5 r4. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0 (2 bristles distally), metatarsus 3; tarsus 2. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 3, tarsus 2. Leg III: femur 0, patella pd9, tibia 6 (p3 r1), metatarsus 12 (p6 r2), tarsus 5. Leg IV: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 2 (p1), metatarsus pv8, tarsus 6 — Abdomen. Sparse cover of fine hairs and bristles. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths: total 1.87; basal segment 0.91, middle 0.36, apical 0.60. Apical segment width 0.34. — Genitalia. Spermathecae short, weakly bulbous apically. Length 0.68, width 0.41.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the Cascades area, Hobart, Tasmania (Fig. 67).</p><p>Comments. This species is known only from the holotype Figure 66. Hadronyche pulvinator, female: (A) sternum, labium and maxilla; (B) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) leg III, female, collected more than 80 years ago. Sporadic collecting prolateral, patella, tibia, metatarsus; (D) cheliceral groove teeth; efforts at the type locality have failed to locate additional (E) spermathecae; (F) cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (G) specimens, leading to real concern about the status of the spinnerets. Scale lines 1 mm. species. Collecting activities have mostly been restricted to visual (daytime) searching in bushland areas in the Cascades Included species: H. infensa (Hickman), H. valida region, mainly targeting logs and rocks, often near creek (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine), H. orana n.sp., H. lynabrae n.sp., H. banks. A regular program of short-term pitfall trapping macquariensis n.sp., H. levittgreggae n.sp., H. kaputarensis and ground/litter slicing may be more successful in finding n.sp., H. walkeri n.sp. specimens of this elusive species. These techniques were use to good effect in trapping males and locating the in-litter Distribution. Coast and highlands from Hawkesbury River burrows of females of H. flindersi in South Australia region of mid-eastern New South Wales to southeastern</p><p>Queensland.</p><p>infensa species group</p><p>Comments. These species are distributed across a very Description (Figs. 87–89, 91–93). Medium to large sized dissected coastal and highland landscape and it is likely that funnel web spiders. Male femora I, II without spines. many more species await recognition—for example males Labium relatively long (LL/LW 0.85–0.96) (cf. short labium from the Barrington Tops and Mount Banda Banda regions in lamingtonensis group species). Central cheliceral tooth probably represent new species. row long (uniquely short, basal in H. kaputarensis). Tibia II without apophysis—either more or less sinuous (sometimes Hadronyche infensa (Hickman) slightly thickened proximally) with ventral spines clustered in proximal half; or more cylindrical with clustered to scattered Figures 68–71; Tables 20, 34 spines. Metatarsus II without apophysis, cylindrical to weakly sinuous, sometimes slightly swollen mid-ventrally. Male palp Atrax infensus Hickman, 1964: 108 . Main, 1985: 41. with few spines (tibia 0–3, patella 0–1, femur 0–2). Embolus Hadronyche infensa .–Gray, 1988: 114 (transferred from with shaft broad or narrow, moderately curved and weakly to Atrax). not tapered. Distal part of embolus weakly to strongly twisted (Figs. 77B, 81B)—twisting often extended back along shaft Types. Holotype male: AMS KS953 (old catalogue number K68385).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.95/lat -27.55)">Toowoomba</a>, Queensland, 27°33'S 151°57'E, P. Walker, 26 January 1963. as a deep, longitudinal fold, well developed in species with</p><p>Allotype female: AMS KS954 (old catalogue number K68386). Data as wider, weakly tapered emboli (Fig. 86B,C). Ratio of bulb for holotype. length to palpal tibia length 0.78–0.95 (i.e., usually greater than in cerberea group species). Posterior lateral spinnerets with moderately long apical segment (PLSAPW /L 0.32–0.37).</p><p>Other material examined. Queensland (males): QMB S672, Bellthorpe anterior width 0.97, posterior width 1.44. Diameters: AME West, 5 December 1979, G. Hodges; QMB S392 , Royce Reserve, near 0.31, ALE 0.49, PLE 0.42, PME 0.24. — Chelicerae. Dorsal Toowoomba, 24 October 1975 – 30 April 1976, G.B. &amp; S. R . Monteith; AMS</p><p>KS8790, Buderim, January 1982 ; QMB S147, Casey Creek via Imbil, paturon with oblique ridges proximally. Cheliceral groove 31 December 1974 – 27 March 1975 , G.B. &amp; S. R. Monteith; QMB S173, with margins diverging distally. Groove length 3.03, middle Cooran Plateau via Traveston, 31 December 1974 – 27 March 1975 , G.B. width 0.52. Cheliceral teeth: 22 central, occupying full length &amp; S . R. Monteith; QMB S396, Elginvale, 12 December 1976 – 26 March of groove; 14 prolateral; 10 retrolateral. — Labium. Wider 1977, G.B. &amp; S . R. Monteith; QMB S158, Flaxon, 30 November 1973 , than long, weakly indented apically. Length 1.67, width 1.97. J.J. Roth ; QMB S168, Gallangowan, 10 November 1974 –29 December</p><p>1974, G.B. &amp; S. R. Monteith; QMB S376, Mount Glorious, 7 March 1978, Labiosternal sigilla broad, entire. Cuspules c. 379, number T. Hillier; QMB S165, Kingaroy, 23 November 1977, L. Briskey ; QMB high. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 6.15, width 4.83. Posterior S 673, Maleny, 4.x.1979, I. Joyce ; QMB S152, Mount Nebo, 26 October sigilla long, ovoid. — Palp. Tegular area wider than long. 1972, D. Dale ; QMB S171, Maleny, 23 November 1973, M. Erskine-Wyse; Embolus moderately long and wide, base strongly offset from QMB S153, Mapleton, 2 December 1975, P. Allsop ; QMB S395, Mistake</p><p>Mountains, 10 October 1976 – 9 January 1977, G.B. &amp; S. R. Monteith; QMB tegulum. Embolus moderately long and broad, shaft curved S160, Montville, 7 November 1977 , J. Channon; QMB S670, Montville, 23 and hardly tapered; distal embolus moderately twisted with November 1979, D. Roberts; QMB S674, Nambour, 17 November 1979 , R. twisting extended back along shaft as a rolled margin. Bulb Cook; QMB S379, Nambour, 16 November 1978 , S. Martin; QMB S671, length 4.42, width 1.43. Embolus length 3.26, midwidth 0.38. Mount Nebo, 22 December 1979 , D. Webster; QMB S188, Mount Nebo, 28 Length of femur 4.62, patella 2.38, tibia 4.90. Width of tibia April 1979 , A. Rozetelds; QMB S170, Mount Tennisonwoods, near Mount</p><p>Glorious, 12 November 1975 – 27 January 1976, G.B. &amp; S. R. Monteith; 1.94. Spines absent. Tibia with several strong ventral bristles. QMB S151, Toowoomba, 15 January 1952, T. Passlow; QMB S167, Upper Several sinuous bristles on distal femur. — Legs. 4123 .</p><p>Yarraman State Forest via Maidenwell, 17 July 1974 – 10 November 1974,</p><p>G.B. &amp; S.R. Monteith; AMS KS4716, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.95/lat -27.6)">Toowoomba</a>, 27°36'S 151°57'E, 12 Jan Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 1980, P.Walker. Queensland (females) : AMS KS13423, Cunninghams Gap; 1 8.87 4.39 6.66 5.78 3.60 29.30 QMB S376, Mount Glorious, 7 March 1978 , T.Hillier; QMB S374, Maleny; 2 8.08 3.91 6.46 6.10 3.63 28.08 AMS KS990, Toowoomba, 20v.1972, J. Cann ; AMS KS4596, Toowoomba, 3 7.04 3.57 5.17 5.81 3.52 25.11 February 1979, P. Walker. New South Wales (males): Tenterfield, 29°03'S</p><p>152°01'E, (AMS); Tooloom, 28°37'S 152°25'E, (AMS). 4 8.33 4.15 6.50 6.57 4.28 29.83</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 9.04–11.48 (male). Differs from H. walkeri Tibia I width 1.58. Femora I and II without spines. Metatarsus and H. macquariensis by embolus base strongly offset from I slightly thickened proximally with larger ventral spines tegulum (Fig. 70B) and greater length of bulb (BulbL/Tib grouped in proximal half. Tibia II without apophysis, most L 0.88) (Figs. 68D, 70A); differs from H. levittgreggae, ventral spines loosely grouped proximocentrally. Metatarsus H. valida, H. orana and H. kaputarensis by more slender II weakly sinuous proximally, otherwise unmodified. Coxae embolus shaft (EmbmidW/L 0.13) and from H. lynabrae I and II with anteromedial setae weakly thickened, sparse. by less pronounced distal embolic twisting (Fig. 70B,C). Scopulae: tarsi (legs I–IV), moderate to strong; distal metatarsi, absent to weak (legs I, II), moderate (legs III, Redescription of holotype male. Size. Carapace length IV). Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II; superior 14, 12; inferior 4, 3. 10.78, width 9.38. Abdomen length 9.86, width 7.48. — Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 13, 12: metatarsus 17, 13; tibia Colour. Basic colour pattern. Abdomen often with a small p6 r7, p7 r8. — Leg spination. Leg I; femur 0, patella 0, tibia anterodorsal pale patch flanked by small sigilla. — Carapace. 33, metatarsus 38, tarsus 27. Leg II: femur 0, patella p2, tibia Longer than wide, cephalic area moderately raised. Height 19 (p1) metatarsus 24, tarsus 35. Leg III: femur 0, patella p5, 4.18; frontal width 7.15. Fovea narrow, procurved. Mid- tibia 12 (p2 r2), metatarsus 31, tarsus 33. Leg IV: femur 0, dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea. Anterior strial setae patella 0, tibia 10 (r1), metatarsus 22, tarsus 30. — Abdomen. present. Anterolateral angle of carapace with numerous Posterior lateral spinnerets with apical segment moderately bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region weakly raised. Eye long. Lengths: total 4.48; basal segment 1.70; middle 1.05; group width 2.31. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.88, apical 1.73. Apical segment width 0.56.</p><p>tibia 4 (r1), metatarsus 15, tarsus 13. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with slender apical segment of moderate length. Lengths: total 4.28; basal segment 1.70, middle 0.88, apical 1.60. Apical segment width 0.65. — Genitalia. Spermathecae digitiform, usually elongate. Length 1.41, width 0.44.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Queensland to upper northeastern new South Wales (Fig. 71).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFADFFEFC5FD97F75593FE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FFA1FFFDC69A97E95460FDEA.text	163F87D5FFA1FFFDC69A97E95460FDEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche orana Gray 2010	<div><p>Hadronyche orana n.sp.</p><p>Figures 71–74; Tables 21, 34</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Orana region of New South Wales, part of the distribution of this species.</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS7811, Mt. Deba near Coolah, New South</p><p>Wales, 31°52'S 149°39'E, 1 June 1981, P. Esdaile. Paratypes (AMS). New</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.45/lat -32.733334)">South Wales. Males</a>: AMS KS5288, Hargraves, 32°44'S 149°27'E, 11 May</p><p>1980, N. Mattick; AMS KS967, Mandurama, 33°38'S 149°04'E, 20 June</p><p>1976, P. Bremner; AMS KS968, Molong, 33°05'S 148°51'E, 12 July 1969,</p><p>R. H. Keeling; AMS KS5203, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.65/lat -31.866667)">Mt. Deba</a>, nr. Coolah, 31°52'S 149°39'E , 8</p><p>Figure 71. Collection records for Hadronyche infensa (squares) May 1980, S. Esdaile; AMS KS10974, “Stonehenge” on Cassilis Road,</p><p>and H. orana (circles). Mudgee area, 3 May 1983, E.H. Elward; AMS KS7563 , Warrumbungle Mtns., 31°19'S 149°00'E, 10 November 1981, C. Martin. Females: AMS</p><p>Redescription of allotype female. Size. Carapace length KS1071, “Hill Top” near Hargraves, 32°44'S 149°27'E, 30 June 1978, N.</p><p>11.63, width 10.27. Abdomen length 15.98, width 10.88. Mattick; AMS KS4053, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.38333/lat -31.55)">Binnaway</a>, 31°33'S 149°23'E, September 1979 , R. England; AMS KS4476, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.38333/lat -32.0)">Dunedoo area</a>, 32°00'S 149°23'E, 15 January</p><p>— Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Longer than 1980; AMS KS3429, Hargraves, 32°44'S 149°27'E, 18 May 1979; AMS</p><p>wide, strongly raised. Height 4.76; frontal width 8.77. KS8593, Mudgee, 32°34'S 149°35'E, 4 January 1982, P. Schiemer; AMS</p><p>Cephalic length 8.76. Fovea procurved, narrow. Mid-dorsal KS977, Warrumbungle Mtns, 231°19'S 149°00'E, 3 April 1967 ; AMS cephalic setae numerous, reach back to fovea. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.78334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.78334/lat -32.4)">Anterior</a> KS5980, Munghorn Gap Nature Reserve, nr. Mudgee, 32°24'S 149°47'E ,</p><p>strial setae very few basally. Anterolateral carapace angle 21 August 1980, M. Gray &amp; C. Horseman.</p><p>with several bristles. — Eyes. Eye region sessile or very Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS8793,</p><p>slightly raised centrally. Eye group width 2.52. Diameters: Borenore, nr. Orange, December 1981, G.Scarvell;AMS KS7691, Clergate,</p><p>AME 0.29, ALE 0.58, PLE 0.41, PME 0.26. Interdistances: 15 May 1981; AMS KS964, Hargraves, 10 October 1977, J. Sibley; AMS</p><p>AME–AME 0.46, AME–ALE 0.31, ALE–PLE 0.29, PLE– KS2963, Hargraves, May 1979, Gillman ; AMS KS965, Hargraves area,</p><p>PME 0.10, PME – PME 1.22. Median ocular quadrangle 22 October 1977, L.M. Mattick ; AMS KS960, Mudgee, December 1977, M.P.P.B .; AMS KS961, Mudgee, 23 November 1973, M.P.P.B .; AMS</p><p>length 0.97, anterior width 1.09, posterior width 1.70. — KS10975, Mudgee, 5 May 1983; AMS KS976, “Tara”, Warrumbungle</p><p>Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove moderately wide, margins Mountains, 28 November 1977, E. Edmonson; AMS KS966, Orange district,</p><p>diverging distally. Groove length 3.40, middle width 0.82. AMS KS14262, Siding Springs in Warrumbungle Mountains, Apr 1984 , D.</p><p>Cheliceral teeth: 67 central, in several rows, occupying full Rowell. New South Wales (females): AMS KS8746, Hargraves, January length of groove; 15 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. — Labium. 1982; AMS KS978, Warrumbungle Mountains; AMS KS6219, Munghorn Gap Nature Reserve, nr.Mudgee, 21 August 1980, M.Gray &amp; C.Horseman .</p><p>Slightly wider than long. Length 2.31, width 2.52. Anterior margin weakly indented. Cuspules spread in broad v-shape Diagnosis. CL 7.76–9.72 (male). Differs from H. levitt-</p><p>over anterior three quarters of labium. — Sternum. Ovoid. greggae and H. valida by having few tibiae II ventral</p><p>Length 5.44, width 4.22. Posterior sigilla moderately small, spines (3–7) (Fig. 74D,H); from H. infensa, H. walkeri, H.</p><p>elongate: length 0.68, width 0.27. — Palp. Spination: tibia macquariensis, H. lynabrae by having a slender, weakly</p><p>4, tarsus 8. Trichobothria: tibia p8 r7, tarsus 7. Tarsal claw twisted embolic shaft (EmbmidW/L 0.06) (Fig. 74B,C);</p><p>with 7 teeth. — Legs. 4123. and from H. kaputarensis by having a long central cheliceral</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total tooth row.</p><p>1 8.30 4.69 6.12 4.86 3.06 27.03</p><p>2 7.45 4.52 5.44 4.59 2.89 23.89 Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 7.76, width 7.41.</p><p>3 6.43 3.64 4.49 4.59 3.06 22.21 Abdomen length 8.04, width 6.57. — Colour. Basic colour</p><p>4 8.23 4.42 5.98 5.66 3.40 27.69 pattern. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, cephalic area moderately raised. Height 3.57. Frontal width 5.93.</p><p>Tibia I width 2.07. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.43. Coxae Fovea procurved, anterior margin indented. Mid-dorsal</p><p>I, II with basally thickened setae anteriorly. Tarsal claw teeth cephalic setae almost reach fovea.Anterior strial setae absent.</p><p>legs I, II: superior 10, 10; inferior 4, 4. Trichobothria legs Anterolateral carapace angle with a few bristles of moderate</p><p>I, II: tarsus 12, 12; metatarsus 16, 14; tibia p8 r7, p7 r7. — size. — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. Eye group</p><p>Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 3, metatarsus width 2.16. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.78, anterior</p><p>11, tarsus 7. Leg II: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 2, metatarsus width 1.02, posterior width 1.48. Diameters; AME 0.30,</p><p>12, tarsus 9. Leg III: femur 0, patella pd8, tibia 6 (p2 r1), ALE 0.51, PLE 0.36, PME 0.23. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral metatarsus 18 (p6 rd2), tarsus 12. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, groove of medium width, margins diverging distally.</p><p>Groove length 2.19, middle width 0.54. Cheliceral teeth: curved. Distal embolus slender, only slightly twisted, flange 18 central, occupying full length of groove; 8 prolateral; elongate. Basal embolus strongly offset from tegulum. Bulb 9 retrolateral. — Labium. Wider than long, with long hairs length 3.57, width 1.24. Embolus length 2.55, midwidth laterally. Weakly indented apically. Length 1.32, width 0.17. Length of femur 4.04, patella 1.93, tibia 4.22. Width 1.60. Shallowly grooved behind cuspules. Labiosternal of tibia 1.77. Spination: spines absent; weak sinuous bristles sigilla entire. Cuspules c. 309, number moderate to high. on distal femur. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>— Sternum. Ovoid. Length 5.00, width 4.02. Posterior sigilla</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total ovoid, elongate. — Palp. Tegular area a little wider than long.</p><p>1 7.01 3.35 5.19 4.98 3.13 23.66 Embolus shaft long, slender, weakly tapering distally, gently</p><p>2 6.44 3.20 4.90 5.00 3.24 22.58</p><p>3 5.63 2.75 4.02 5.16 3.62 21.88</p><p>4 7.22 3.18 5.36 6.55 4.22 26.53</p><p>Tibia I width 1.48. Femora I and II lacking dorsal spines. Distribution. Western Great Dividing Range from the Metatarsus I slightly thickened proximally. Tibia II and Warrumbungles Range south to the Mudgee region, New metatarsus II unmodified. Tibia I and II with few ventral South Wales (Fig. 71). spines, scattered. Tarsus I, II with few spines.Anterior coxal hairs normal. Tarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak; legs III, IV Hadronyche valida (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine) moderate to strongly developed. Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I, II absent; legs III, IV moderate. Tarsal claw teeth legs Figures 75–78; Tables 22, 34</p><p>I, II: superior 10, 10; inferior 4, 4. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 13, 11; metatarsus 15, 14; tibia p7 r7, p7 r7. — Leg Atrax valida Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918: 165 .</p><p>spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 6, metatarsus 13, Anepsiada ventricosa Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918: 167 . tarsus 6. Leg II: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 3, metatarsus Gray, 1984: 441 (inferred synonymy as juvenile of Atrax 11, tarsus 9. Leg III: femur 0, patella p3, tibia 10 (p1 r2), validus). First synonymized after Gray in Main, 1985: 42. metatarsus 23, tarsus 15. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 4 Atrax validus .–Main, 1985: 41 (r2), metatarsus 19, tarsus 21. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral Hadronyche valida .–Gray, 1988: 114 (Transferred from spinnerets with apical segment of moderate length. Lengths: Atrax). total 4.65; basal segment 1.68, middle 1.35, apical 1.62. Apical segment width 0.59. Types. Holotype female: AMS KS955 (old catalogue number K40961). Tamborine Mountain, Queensland, 27°55'S 153°11'E, 5 October 1912.</p><p>Paratype females: AMS KS956–9, data as above .</p><p>Female (paratype AMS KS2071) — Size. Carapace length 8.57, width 8.67. Abdomen length 14.21, width 11.22. Other material examined. Queensland (males): QMB S163 , Binna Burra, — Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. About as Lamington Plateau, November 1973, R . J. Raven; QMB S157 , Lamington long as wide, cephalic area strongly raised. Height 3.85; Plateau, 13 April 1974, R . J. Raven; QMB S390 , Lower Albert River, frontal width 7.99. Cephalic length 7.11. Fovea procurved. Lamington National Park, 1 November 1975 – 4 April 1976, G.B. &amp; S. R . Monteith; AMS KS13629 , Mount Tamborine, 5 December 1983; QMB</p><p>Mid-dorsal cephalic setae numerous, extend back to fovea. S175, Eagle Heights, Mount Tamborine, 17 August 1973, G.Walker; QMB Anterior strial setae numerous. Strial, cephalic and marginal S176, Springbrook, October 1976, J. Mainwaring ; QMB S381, Tamborine setae numerous. Anterolateral carapace angle with several North, 26 March 1979, J. Aagaad ; AMS KS988, Tyalgum, 7 January 1972, weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. H.G. Suttolk ; AMS KS989, Tuntable Falls, January 1975, McGovern; Eye group width 2.52. Diameters: AME 0.31, ALE 0.60 , QMB S164, Warrie National Park, Lamington Plateau, 15 November 1971, Balwin. New South Wales (males) : AMS KS13539, Huonbrook,</p><p>PLE 0.41, PME 0.31. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.44, 5 December 1983 , G. Watson; AMS KS987, Jiggi, November 1962 , F.J. AME–ALE 0.31, ALE–PLE 0.28, PLE– PME 0.16, PME – Hartridge; QMB S183, Brindle Creek, nr. Wiangaree, 2 July 1975 –15 PME 1.09. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.80, anterior November 1975 , G.B. &amp; S. R. Monteith; AMS KS13500, Coffee Camp, width 1.02, posterior width 1.67. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral nr. Lismore, 9 December 1983 , C. McQueen; QMB S393, Mount Clunie, nr. Woodenbong, 22 February 1976 – 8 May 1976 , G.B. &amp; S. R. Monteith;</p><p>groove margins diverge distally. Groove length 3.06, middle QMB S391, Mount Warning, 16 November 1975 – 7 March 1976 , G.B. &amp; width 0.75. Cheliceral teeth: 64 central occupying full S. R. Monteith; AMS KS4255, Lismore, 14 December 1979 ; AMS KS13407, length of groove in 2–3 irregular rows; 11 prolateral; 10 Nimbin, 23 November 1983, A. Frame; AMS KS6824, Mullumbimby, 29 retrolateral. — Labium. As long as wide, anterior margin December 1980 , W. Dawes; AMS KS2431, Murwillumbah, 11 January not indented. Length 2.10, width 2.12. Cuspules occupying 1979, J. Morris ; AMS KS22460, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.4/lat -28.333334)">Murwillumbah</a>, 28°20'S 153°24'E, 08 Dec 1989 , A.W. Tucker.</p><p>anterior half of labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire, narrowed centrally. — Sternum. Ovoid, strongly convex. Length Diagnosis. CL 8.73–10.61 (male). Differs from H. infensa, 6.24, width 4.82. A few strong bristle-like setae grouped H. walkeri, H. macquariensis and H. lynabrae by having at anterolateral corners. Posterior sternal sigilla elongate: embolus moderately slender (EmbmidW/L 0.09), weakly length 1.02, width 0.44. — Palp. Spination: tibia 5, tarsus curved and twisted (Fig. 77A,B,C); differs from H. orana 11. Trichobothria: tibia p7 r7, tarsus 14. Tarsal claws with and H. levittgreggae by more numerous spines on metatarsus 7 teeth. — Legs. 4123. I (23–46) and tibia II (13–25) (Table 22); and from H. Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total kaputarensis by presence of long central cheliceral tooth 1 6.75 3.77 5.30 4.39 2.58 22.79 row (Fig. 75G). 2 6.19 3.40 4.76 4.08 2.65 21.08 3 5.44 3.13 3.74 4.01 2.82 19.14 Redescription of holotype female. Size. Carapace length 4 6.90 3.67 5.20 4.92 2.92 23.61 10.40, width 9.28. Abdomen length 13.60, width 9.86. — Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide,</p><p>Tibia I width 1.60. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.05. Coxae cephalic area strongly raised. Height 4.83, frontal width 8.33. I, II with thorn-like setae frontally. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, Cephalic length 7.82. Fovea strongly procurved. Mid-dorsal II: superior 10–11, 10; inferior 5, 4. Trichobothria legs I, II: cephalic setae numerous, reach back to fovea.Anterior strial tarsus 15, 14; metatarsus 15, 14; tibia p7 r7, p8 r8. — Leg setae numerous. Strial and marginal setae numerous, weak. spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 4, metatarsus 12, Anterolateral carapace angle with many weak bristles. — tarsus 9. Leg II: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 4 (p1), metatarsus Eyes. Eye region slightly raised centrally. Eye group width 13, tarsus 10. Leg III; femur 0, patella p6 r1, tibia 12 (p5 r2), 2.92. Diameters: AME 0.36, ALE 0.68, PLE 0.50, PME metatarsus 23 (p3 r3), tarsus 14. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, 0.31. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.42, AME–ALE 0.31, tibia 5 (r1), metatarsus 18, tarsus 24. — Abdomen. Posterior ALE–PLE 0.34, PLE–PME 0.17, PME–PME 1.29. Median lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths; total ocular quadrangle length 0.95, anterior width 1.22, posterior 3.74; basal segment 1.60, middle 0.95, apical 1.36. Apical width 1.93. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove margins diverge segment width 0.82. — Genitalia. Spermathecae short, apical distally. Groove length 3.16, middle width 0.82. Cheliceral third narrower than basal two thirds. Length 1.02, width 0.48. teeth: 43 central, in irregular double row occupying full length of groove; 11 prolateral; 9 retrolateral. — Labium. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 10, 9; inferior 4, 4. Wider than long, anterior margin not indented. Length Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 12, 12; metatarsus 15, 12; tibia 2.07, width 2.58. Cuspules occupying anterior two thirds p8 r8, p8 r8. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia of labium. Labiosternal sigilla narrow, entire. — Sternum. 2, metatarsus 11, tarsus 10. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia Ovoid. Length 6.94, width 5.32. Posterior sternal sigilla 3, metatarsus 11, tarsus 7. Leg III: femur 0, patella p1, tibia elongate: length 1.50, width 0.54. — Palp. Spination: tibia 3 10 (p3 r3), metatarsus 19 (p2 r1), tarsus 14. Leg IV: femur 0, (bristle-like), tarsus 9. Trichobothria: tibia p8 r8, tarsus 13. patella 0, tibia 4 (r2), metatarsus 15, tarsus 20. — Abdomen. Tarsal claw with 7 teeth. — Legs. 4123. Posterior lateral spinnerets with apical segment of moderate length. Lengths: total 3.80; basal segment 1.46, middle Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>1 7.89 4.76 5.98 4.93 2.85 26.41</p><p>2 6.94 4.28 5.61 4.56 2.79 24.18</p><p>3 6.53 3.67 4.42 4.59 3.06 22.27</p><p>4 7.89 4.66 6.19 5.78 3.50 28.02</p><p>Tibia I width 2.01. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.41. Coxae</p><p>I, II with basally thickened to thorn-like setae anteriorly.</p><p>0.90, apical 1.43. Apical segment width 0.68. — Genitalia.</p><p>Spermathecae digitiform, long and thin, straight except for apical region which may be angled slightly. Apical quarter of spermathecae slightly enlarged and set off from basal part by a weak constriction. Length 1.71, width 0.48.</p><p>Male (S175 (QMB), Eagle Heights, Mt. Tamborine,</p><p>Queensland, 27°54'S 153°12'E, G. Walker, 17 August</p><p>1973). — Size. Carapace length 8.72, width 8.12. Abdomen length 9.35, width 7.13. — Colour. Basic colour pattern.</p><p>— Carapace. Longer than wide, moderately raised. Height</p><p>3.61. Frontal width 5.70. Fovea procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea. Anterior strial setae numerous.</p><p>Antero-lateral angle of carapace with numerous weak bristles. — Eyes. Sessile to slightly raised. Eye group width</p><p>2.17. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.86, anterior width</p><p>0.96, posterior width 1.38. Diameters:AME 0.33, ALE 0.52,</p><p>PLE 0.37, PME 0.20. — Chelicerae. Dorsal paturon slightly ridged proximally. Cheliceral groove narrow, margins diverging distally. Groove length 2.42, middle width 0.50.</p><p>Cheliceral teeth: 14 central, running full length of groove; Figure 78. Collection records for Hadronyche valida (squares) and 9 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider than H. lynabrae (circles).</p><p>long. Length 1.60, width 1.69. Labiosternal sigilla normal,</p><p>complete. Cuspules c. 336, number high. — Sternum. Ovoid. Hadronyche lynabrae n.sp.</p><p>Length 5.40, width 4.16. Posterior sigilla large, elongate.</p><p>— Palp. Tegular area wider than long. Embolus long and</p><p>Figures 78–81; Tables 23, 34</p><p>moderately slender, weakly curved but shaft hardly tapered.</p><p>Distal embolus weakly to moderately twisted with twisting</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for Lyn Abra who sent extended back along shaft as a shallow longitudinal fold.</p><p>many funnel-web and other spiders to the Australian Museum Basal embolus offset from tegulum. Bulb length 3.92, width</p><p>while working at the Australian Reptile Park.</p><p>1.30. Embolus length 2.88, midwidth 0.27. Length of femur</p><p>4.19, patella 1.80, tibia 4.35. Width of tibia 1.80. Spination: Types. Holotype male: AMS KS8379, Wollombi near Maitland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.06667/lat -32.666668)">New</a> tibia with 2–4 bristle-like spines. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.06667/lat -32.666668)">Sinuous</a> bristles on distal South Wales, 32°40'S 151°04'E, November 1981 . Paratypes (all AM). femur weakly developed. — Legs. 4213. Legs I , II subequal. New South Wales. Males: AMS KS13462, Dharug National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.08333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.08333/lat -33.35)">Mill Creek</a>, 33°21'S 151°05'E, September 1983 , G.P. Clancy; AMS KS16449, Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Dharug National Park, Mill Creek, August 1983 , 33°21'S 151°05'E, G.P. 1 7.05 3.69 5.66 5.54 3.20 25.14 Clancy; AMS KS5741, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.5/lat -33.1)">Morriset district</a>, 33°06'S 151°30'E, 24 July 1980 ; 2 6.81 3.69 5.90 5.58 3.20 25.38 AMS KS1065, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.93333/lat -32.1)">Stratford</a>, 32°06'S 151°56'E, 26 June 1956 , L. Davenport, 3 6.35 3.36 4.92 5.54 3.61 23.78 AMS KS1066, Newcastle, 32°55'S 151°47'E, 23 May 1955, J. Kennewell; AMS KS1064, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.45/lat -32.8)">Weston</a>, 32°48'S 151°27'E, 7 November 1966 . Females: 4 7.91 3.85 6.47 6.85 4.22 29.30 AMS KS13463, Mill Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.08333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.08333/lat -33.35)">Dharug National Park</a>, 33°21'S 151°05'E, August 1983 , G.P. Clancy. AMS KS1063, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.48334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.48334/lat -32.8)">Kurri Kurri</a>, 32°48'S 151°29'E, Tibia I width 1.48. All femora lack dorsal spines. Metatarsus September 1966 , C. Dew.</p><p>I weakly thickened proximally, larger ventral spines grouped proximally. Tibia II without apophysis but slightly thickened Diagnosis. CL 7.68–8.20 (male). Differs from other infensa proximally and weakly excavated distoventrally; spines group species by presence of swollen (boat-shaped) tarsi scattered, largest grouped proximally. Metatarsus II slightly III, IV and strong proximal curvature and distal twisting of bent at base, no apophysis, spines scattered. Anterior coxal embolus (Fig. 81B,C); differs from lamingtonensis group hairs fine, unmodified. Tarsal scopulae weak on legs I, II, spp. by presence of full row of central cheliceral teeth (Fig. strong on legs III, IV. Distal metatarsal scopulae absent to 79D) and longer PLS apical segment (Fig. 79C).</p><p>weak legs I, II; moderately strong legs III, IV. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 11, 11; inferior 3, 3. Trichobothria Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 7.73, width 7.46. legs I, II: tarsus 15, 11; metatarsus 12, 13; tibia p7 r7, p7 Abdomen length 8.04, width 6.70. — Colour. Basic colour r6. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 32 (p1), pattern. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, cephalic area metatarsus 56, tarsus 41. Leg II: femur 0, patella p0, tibia 23 moderately raised. Height 3.44. Frontal width 5.16. Fovea (p2), metatarsus 41, tarsus 29. Leg III: femur 0, patella r1, procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae reach fovea. Anterior tibia 13 (p3 r2), metatarsus 31, tarsus 27. Leg IV: femur 0, strial setae present.Anterolateral carapace angle with several patella r1, tibia 11 (r4), metatarsus 20, tarsus 34 — Abdomen. weak bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region slightly raised. Posterior lateral spinnerets: apical segment of moderate Eye group width 1.92. Median ocular quadrangle length length. Lengths: total 3.91; basal segment 1.60; middle 0.75; 0.74, anterior width 0.96, posterior width 1.34. Diameters: apical 1.56. Apical segment width 0.70. AME 0.31, ALE 0.47, PLE 0.36, PME 0.26. — Chelicerae. Cheliceral groove of medium width, margins diverging</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Border Ranges area of northern New distally. Groove length 2.72, middle width 0.42. Cheliceral South Wales and southern Queensland (Fig. 78). teeth: 22 central occupying full length of groove; 11 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. — Labium. A little wider than long, Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total apical indentation weak to absent. Length 1.31, width 1.52. 1 6.81 3.57 5.33 5.06 2.98 23.75 Labiosternal sigilla narrowed toward midline. Cuspules c. 2 6.36 3.36 5.17 4.82 3.03 22.74 316, number moderate-high. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 4.76, 3 5.86 2.65 3.67 4.54 3.45 20.17 width 3.62. Posterior sigilla long, ovoid. — Palp. Tegular 4 7.04 3.02 5.09 5.83 4.02 25.00 area small, wider than long. Embolus moderately long;</p><p>shaft broad and strongly curved proximally, hardly tapered. Tibia I width 1.20. Femora I and II lack dorsal spines. Distal shaft of embolus very strongly twisted (flange reflexed Some anterior setae on coxae I, II thickened basally Leg I almost 180°) with twisting extended back along shaft as a unmodified. Tibia II without apophysis; ventral spines few, deep longitudinal fold. Basal embolus strongly offset from with 3–5 grouped proximally. Distoventral tibia slightly tegulum. Bulb length 3.20, width 1.11. Embolus length 2.32,</p><p>midwidth 0.29. Length of femur 3.49, patella 1.07, tibia 3.44.</p><p>Width of tibia 1.64. Spination: femur 1, patella 1, tibia 0;</p><p>spines bristle-like. Several strong sinuous bristles on distal femur. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>concave. Metatarsus II weakly sinuous to straight. Tarsi III, Hadronyche kaputarensis n.sp.</p><p>IV swollen (boat-shaped) and longer than tarsi I, II. Tarsal scopulae: leg I weak; legs II–IV moderate to strong. Distal Figures 82, 83; Table 24</p><p>metatarsal scopulae legs I–IV, absent to weak. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 13, 13; inferior 1, 0. Trichobothria Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from Mount. legs I, II: tarsus 10, 9; metatarsus 12, 11; tibia p7 r7, p6 r7. Kaputar, the type locality.</p><p>— Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 2 (p1 v1), tibia 23,</p><p>metatarsus 29, tarsus 24. Leg II: femur 0, patella p1, tibia Types. Holotype male: AMS KS1378, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.15/lat -30.183332)">Mount Kaputar National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.15/lat -30.183332)">New</a> 13, metatarsus 23, tarsus 23. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.15/lat -30.183332)">Leg</a> III: femur 0, patella 15 South Wales, 30°11'S 150°09'E, R. Cronin, November–December 1977. (p14 r1), tibia 12 (p1 r2), metatarsus 23, tarsus 18. Leg IV:</p><p>femur 0 (strong bristles), patella 0, tibia 9 (r2), metatarsus Diagnosis. CL 9.72 (male). Differs from other infensa group 14, tarsus 27. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with species by having the central tooth row of cheliceral groove apical segment of moderate length. Lengths: total 2.90; basal short and basal (Fig. 82D) and male femora I, II with a dorsal segment 1.10; middle 0.60; apical 1.20. Apical segment row of bristles (Fig. 82F).</p><p>width 0.36.</p><p>Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 9.72, width 8.97. Female (paratype AMS KS13463) — Size. Carapace length Abdomen length 10.40, width 7.96. — Colour. Basic colour 9.45, width 8.18. Abdomen length 13.60, width 10.20. — pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide, cephalic area Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide, moderately raised. Height 4.14, frontal width 6.49. Fovea strongly raised. Height 4.49; frontal width 7.41. Cephalic procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae stop short of fovea. length 7.28. Fovea procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae Anterior strial setae absent.Anterolateral carapace angle with reach fovea. Anterior strial setae present. Anterolateral moderately strong bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region raised. carapace angle with few bristles. — Eyes. Central eye region Eye group width 2.12. Median ocular quadrangle length slightly raised. Eye group width 2.18. Diameters:AME 0.27, 0.76, anterior width 0.89, posterior width 1.43. Diameters: ALE 0.47, PLE 0.37, PME 0.22. Interdistances: AME–AME AME 0.23, ALE 0.39, PLE 0.22, PME 0.12. — Chelicerae. 0.32, AME–ALE 0.37, ALE–PLE 0.27, PLE–PME 0.13, Cheliceral groove margins subparallel to slightly divergent PME–PME 1.09. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.68, distally. Groove length 2.99, middle width 0.48. Cheliceral anterior width 0.86, posterior width 1.52. — Chelicerae. teeth: 6 central, occupying proximal third of groove; 10 Cheliceral groove margins diverge weakly distally. Groove prolateral; 12 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider than length 3.26, middle width 0.67. Cheliceral teeth: 58 central long, apically very weakly indented. Length 1.68, width 1.75. occupying full length of groove; 16 prolateral; 11 retrolateral.</p><p>— Labium. Wider than long, apical indentation weak to absent. Length 1.73, width 2.13. Cuspules distributed in a broad V-shape over central labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire.</p><p>— Sternum. Ovoid. Length 6.02, width 4.42. Posterior sternal sigilla ovoid to elongate; length 1.05, width 0.51. — Palp.</p><p>Spination: tibia 2 (bristle-like), tarsus 5. Tarsal claw with 4</p><p>teeth. Trichobothria: tibia p6 r6, tarsus 10. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>1 6.56 3.88 4.59 3.67 2.11 20.81</p><p>2 5.64 3.62 3.94 3.23 2.14 18.57</p><p>3 4.96 2.89 3.06 3.11 2.65 16.67</p><p>4 6.44 3.57 4.28 4.42 3.16 21.87</p><p>Tibia I width 1.50. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.03. Coxa</p><p>I with a few thorn shaped setae frontally. Legs I, II with few spines. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 6, 6; inferior 2</p><p>(small), 0. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 10, 10; metatarsus</p><p>12, 10; tibia p7 r7, p6 r7. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0,</p><p>patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 5, tarsus 6. Leg II: femur 0,</p><p>patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 5, tarsus 7. Leg III. femur 0,</p><p>patella p14, tibia 8 (p3 r2), metatarsus 16 (p6 r2), tarsus 14.</p><p>Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 2, metatarsus 15, tarsus 29.</p><p>— Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with apical segment of moderate length. Lengths: total 3.89; basal segment 1.70,</p><p>middle 0.85, apical 1.33. Apical segment width 0.61. —</p><p>Genitalia. Spermathecae widen markedly towards apices;</p><p>narrow bases well separated by c. 1.5× spermatheca width.</p><p>Spermatheca length 1.50, width 0.73.</p><p>Labiosternal sigilla entire, broad. Cuspules c. 254, number proximal half; ventral tibia gently concave. Metatarsus II moderate. — Sternum. Ovoid, long. Length 5.86, width 4.15. weakly sinuous, ventral spines evenly distributed. Coxal</p><p>Posterior sigilla large, ovoid. — Palp. Tegular area wider setae unmodified. Tarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak; III, IV than long. Embolus moderately long and slender, weakly moderate-strong. Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I, II absent;</p><p>offset from tegulum; shaft gently curved. Distal embolus III, IV weak–moderate. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior weakly to moderately twisted. Bulb length 3.42, width 1.22. 14, 14; inferior 2, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 11, 10;</p><p>Embolus length 2.43, midwidth 0.19. Length of femur 4.53, metatarsus 11, 11; tibia p5 r5, p6 r6. — Leg spination. Leg patella 1.97, tibia 4.49. Width of tibia 1.87. Spination: femur I: femur p1–2, patella 7 (p1 v6), tibia 65 (p1), metatarsus</p><p>0; patella 0; tibia 2–3 prolateral bristle-like spines. Distal 40, tarsus 21. Leg II: femur p1r1, patella 2 (p1), tibia 35</p><p>femur with several strong, sinuous bristles. — Legs. 4123. (p1), metatarsus 33, tarsus 24. Leg III: Femur 0 (long,</p><p>Legs I and II subequal. strong bristle), patella p4, tibia 20 (p5 r5), metatarsus 33, tarsus 21. Leg IV: Femur 0 (long bristle), patella 0, tibia 11</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total (r3), metatarsus 25, tarsus 26. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral</p><p>1 8.32 3.94 6.97 6.43 3.64 29.30 spinnerets with apical segment of moderate length. Lengths:</p><p>2 8.02 3.88 6.97 6.46 3.74 29.07 total 4.23; basal segment 1.53; middle 1.02; apical 1.68.</p><p>3 6.97 3.20 5.47 6.10 3.96 25.70 Apical segment width 0.57.</p><p>4 8.64 3.40 7.14 7.73 4.41 31.32</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 83). Tibia I width 1.43. Femora I and II without dorsal spines, but with long dorsal bristles; 1–2 small prolateral dorsal or retrolateral spines may be present. Proximal metatarsus Hadronyche macquariensis n.sp. I weakly swollen, ventral spines largest proximally. Tibia and metatarsus I with numerous spines. Tibia II without Figures 83–86; Tables 25, 34 apophysis; with numerous ventral spines, most grouped in Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Port Macquarie region of New South Wales, where this species is common.</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS1315, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.45/lat -31.9)">Taree</a>, New South Wales, 31°54'S 152°27'E, 31 January 1978 . Paratypes (all AM). New South Wales. Males: AMS KS836, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.9/lat -30.433332)">Bellingen</a>, 30°26'S 152°54'E, 10 October 1948 , G.H. Hewitt; AMS KS4515, Burgess Beach, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.53334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.183334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.53334/lat -32.183334)">Forster</a>, 32°11'S 152°32'E, 15 January 1980 , G. Sanders; AMS KS832, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.45/lat -31.9)">Taree</a>, 31°54'S 152°27'E, 21 February 1974 ; AMS KS838, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.86667/lat -30.2)">Timmsvale</a>, 30°12'S 152°52'E, February 1956 , H.J. Stokes; AMS KS13531, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.11667/lat -30.3)">Coffs Harbour</a>, 30°18'S 153°07'E, 19 December 1983 , C.S. Martin; AMS KS829, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.91667/lat -31.416666)">Pt.Macquarie</a>, 31°25'S 152°55'E, 26 December 1960 , D.H. Thomson. Females: AMS KS1165, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.91667/lat -31.416666)">Port Macquarie</a>, 31°25'S 152°55'E, 28 April 1954 , C.M. Edwards; AMS KS7565, Allyn River, 10 December 1980 , G.Anderson; AMS KS13589, Coffs Harbour, 7 December 1983 ; AMS KS13351, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.96666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.96666/lat -31.983334)">Gloucester</a>, 31°59'S 151°58'E, September 1983 , A. D’Ombrain; AMS KS8775, Kerewong State Forest, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.55/lat -31.583334)">Taree</a>, 31°35'S 152°33'E, 28 March 1982 , H. Parnaby; AMS KS834, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.91667/lat -31.416666)">Pt. Macquarie</a>, 31°25'S 152°55'E, February 1973 ; AMS KS3229, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.45/lat -31.9)">Taree</a>, 31°54'S 152°27'E, 10 May 1975 .</p><p>Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS840,</p><p>Bellingen, G.H. Hewitt; AMS KS8794, Blackhead, February 1982; AMS</p><p>KS10797, Bowraville, 28 February 1983, D. Channels; AMS KS833,</p><p>Figure 83. Collection records for Hadronyche kaputarensis (circles) Taree, 4 March 1972, K. Walters; AMS KS6457, Tullymorgan, December and H. macquariensis (squares). 1980, Ambulance Station; AMS KS6827, Wardell, 14 January 1981, M.</p><p>Kajewski; AMS KS13591, Woolgoola, near Red Rock, 5 December 1983 , — Eyes. Central eye region raised. Eye group width 2.37. J.W. Kramer; AMS KS911, Chatsworth Island, near. Grafton, 20 December Median ocular quadrangle length 0.93, anterior width 1.16, 1975, A. Mills; AMS KS13590, Coffs Harbour, 7 December 1983 ; AMS KS14036, Coffs Harbour, 18 March 1984 , C.S. Martin; AMS KS8743, posterior width 1.64. Diameters: AME 0.33, ALE 0.57, PLE Evans Head, 29 January 1982 , V. Bridges; AMS KS10679, Forster, 25 0.39, PME 0.30. — Chelicerae. Dorsal paturon obliquely January 1983 , A. D’Ombrain; AMS KS839, Halliday’s Point, near Manning, ridged proximally. Cheliceral groove margins divergent. 25 February 1976 , Manning Council; Boambee, October 1974 (ANIC); Groove length 2.93, middle width 0.53. Cheliceral teeth: AMS KS912, Kororo, March 1965 , D.M. Lee; AMS KS837, Kranbach, 18 central, occupying full length of groove; 10 prolateral; Wallamba River, 40 km from Taree, 22 March 1959 , J. Bidner; AMS KS1111, Lorne State Forest, near Taree, 16 January 1978 , D. Milledge; 9 retrolateral. — Labium. Slightly wider than long, not AMS KS1112, Lorne State Forest, near Taree, 17 January 1978 , D.Milledge; or weakly apically indented. Length 1.68, width 1.74. AMS KS10680, Maclean, 31 December 1982 ; AMS KS10769, Maclean, Labiosternal sigilla narrowed toward midline. Cuspules c. 12 October 1982 ; AMS KS13530, Moonee Beach, near Coffs Harbour, 274, number moderate-high. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 5.95, 19 December 1983 , C.S. Martini AMS KS13532, Mullaway, near Coffs Harbour, 19 December 1983 , C.S. Martin; AMS KS826, Port Macquarie, width 4.32. Posterior sigilla ovoid, long. — Palp. Tegular area February 1976 , A. Proudman; AMS KS827, Port Macquarie, 5 March 1976 ; wider than long. Embolus of moderate length, base weakly AMS KS13814, Smiths Lake, near Myall Lakes, 16 January 1984 , J. Rawle; offset from tegulum. Embolus shaft curved, broad and blade- AMS KS828, Taree, 18 March 1974 . New South Wales (females): AMS like, not tapered. Distal part of embolus strongly twisted and KS5201, Nambucca Heads, 16 May 1980 , S. Johnson; AMS KS841, Port grooved, apical flange reflexed. Bulb length 3.90, width 1.37. Macquarie, February 1955 , W.Cleland; AMS KS3227, Taree, 10 May 1975 .</p><p>Embolus length 2.80, midwidth 0.40. Length of femur 4.39,</p><p>patella 1.76, tibia 4.67. Width of tibia 2.21. Spination: none, Diagnosis. CL 8.74–11.22 (male). Differs from H.</p><p>sinuous bristles on distal femur. — Legs. 4123. levittgreggae, H. valida, H. orana and H. kaputarensis by having a shorter, broader embolus (EmbmidW/L 0.16) (Fig. Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 86B); from H. infensa by weak offset of basal embolus from 1 8.45 3.85 7.01 6.94 3.80 30.05 tegulum; from H. walkeri by ventral tibia II only weakly 2 7.85 4.02 6.97 6.40 3.77 29.01 concave, and spines loosely grouped (Fig. 86H,I); from H. 3 7.41 3.37 5.78 6.83 4.08 27.47 lynabrae by embolus less strongly twisted (Fig. 86B) and 4 8.77 3.77 7.07 8.09 4.49 32.19 tarsus I more strongly spinose (30–63 spines).</p><p>Tibia I width 1.43. Femora I and II without spines. Leg Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 9.32, width I with numerous tibial and metatarsal ventral spines. 9.04. Abdomen length 11.42, width 8.30. — Colour. Basic Metatarsus I slightly thickened proximally, proximal ventral colour pattern. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide, spines largest. Tibia II without apophysis, ventrally weakly cephalic area moderately raised. Height 3.57. Frontal width concave; ventral spines loosely grouped proximocentrally, 6.07. Fovea procurved, rather narrow. Mid-dorsal cephalic fewer spines distally. Metatarsus II unmodified. Coxal hairs setae numerous, reach fovea. Anterior strial setae present. unmodified. Tarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak; legs III, IV Anterolateral carapace angle with numerous strong bristles .</p><p>moderate-strong. Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I, II absent; Tibia I width 2.14. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.43. legs III, IV moderate. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior Coxae I, II with setal bases slightly thickened, otherwise 12, 11; inferior 3, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 14, 13; unmodified. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 9, 9; inferior metatarsus 14, 14; tibia p9 r7, p8 r8. — Leg spination. Leg 3, 3. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 12, 12; metatarsus 12, 12; I: femur 0, patella 1, tibia 44, metatarsus 57, tarsus 41. Leg tibia p8 r8, p9 r8. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 26, metatarsus 44, tarsus 49. Leg tibia 2, metatarsus 10, tarsus 6. Leg II: femur 0, patella p1, III: femur 0, patella 3, tibia 26, metatarsus 44, tarsus 49. tibia 4 (p1), metatarsus 14, tarsus 9. Leg III: femur 4 (pd3, Leg IV: femur 0, (long bristles present), patella 0, tibia 6 rd1) patella 7 (p6 r1), tibia 10 (p3 r2), metatarsus 20 (p6 r2), (r1), metatarsus 26, tarsus 47. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral tarsus 14. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 8 (r2), metatarsus spinnerets: apical segment moderately long. Lengths: total 21, tarsus 24 — Abdomen. Sparse cover of weak hairs and 5.08, basal segment 1.72; middle 1.15; apical 2.21. Apical bristles. Posterior lateral spinnerets with apical segment of segment width 0.71. medium length. Lengths: total 4.86; basal segment 2.11, middle 0.88, apical 1.94. Apical segment width 0.82. —</p><p>Female (paratype AMS KS1165) — Size. Carapace length Genitalia. Spermathecae rather short, broad, separated 11.25, width 10.03. Abdomen length 14.80, width 11.80. basally by a spermathecal width. Length 1.43, width 0.75. — Colour. Basic colour pattern. — Carapace. Longer than wide, cephalic area strongly raised. Height 5.13; frontal width Distribution. Mid northeastern region of New South Wales 8.64. Cephalic length 8.09. Fovea procurved, anterior margin (Fig. 83). indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae numerous, extend back to fovea. Anterior strial setae numerous. Strial and marginal Hadronyche walkeri n.sp. setae numerous. Anterolateral carapace angle with many weak bristles. — Eyes. Eye region sessile to weakly raised centrally. Figures 87–90; Tables 26, 34 Eye group width 2.75. Diameters:AME 0.39, ALE 0.62, PLE 0.54, PME 0.34. Interdistances:AME–AME 0.34, AME–ALE Etymology. The species is named for Mr Pat Walker, North 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.20, PLE– PME 0.10, PME – PME 1.19 . Queensland Naturalist and Photographer. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.88, anterior width 1.10, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.5)">Types.</a> Holotype male: S389 (QMB). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.5)">Devils Pinch</a>, north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.5)">Armidale</a>, posterior width 1.78. — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.5)">Chelicerae. Cheliceral</a> groove margins New South Wales, 33°09'S 150°17'E, C. Anderson, 1 February 1979. diverge distally. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.5)">Groove</a> length 3.26, middle width 0.80. Paratypes. New South Wales. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.5)">Males</a>: QMB S382 (QMB), Armidale, 30°30'S Cheliceral teeth: 34 central occupying full length of groove 151°39'E, 17 May 1979, K. McWilliam. Others all AM: AMS KS936 , Ben <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.65/lat -30.0)">Lomond</a>, 30°00'S 151°39'E, February 1963, M. Trudgeon; AMS KS943 ,</p><p>in an irregular double row; 13 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. — “Wongwibinda”, 48km E. of Guyra, 30°12'S 151°40'E, December 1952,</p><p>Labium. Slightly wider than long, anterior margin very weakly M. Wyndham; AMS KS944, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.5/lat -30.483334)">Bullock Creek</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.5/lat -30.483334)">Point. Lookout</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.5/lat -30.483334)">New</a> England indented. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.5/lat -30.483334)">Length</a> 2.07, width 2.28. Cuspules occupying National Park, 30°29'S 152°30'E, 25 November 1969, M. Gray ; AMS anterior three quarters of labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire. KS4455, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.58333/lat -30.966667)">Walcha</a>, 30°58'S 151°35'E, 11 January 1980, C. Easton ; AMS — Sternum. Ovoid, moderately wide. Length 6.80, width 5.68 . KS44614, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.66667/lat -30.216667)">Guyra</a>, 30°13'S 151°40'E, May 1971, D.I. Clay ; AMS KS936, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.66667/lat -30.016666)">Ben Lomond Public School</a>, 30°01'S 151°40'E, February 1963, M.Trudgeon .</p><p>Posterior sternal sigilla ovoid: length 1.09, width 0.54. — Palp. Females: AMS KS15750 , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.13333/lat -30.583334)">Styx River</a> near Jeogla, 30°35'S 152°08'E, 8 June Spination: tibia 4, tarsus 8. Trichobothria: tibia p6 r7, tarsus 1979; AMS KS13805 , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.88333/lat -30.216667)">Ulong</a>, nr. Dorrigo, 30°13'S 152°53'E, January 1980, 10. Tarsal claws with 6 teeth. — Legs. 4123. C. Martin; AMS KS7524 , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.5/lat -30.483334)">Lower Wattle Flat</a>, Pt. Lookout, New England National Park, 30°29'S 152°30'E, 12 May 1981, G. Hunt; AMS KS14037 ,</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Dorrigo, 30°19'S 152°43'E, 18 March 1984, C. Martin. 1 8.09 4.56 6.12 5.17 3.06 27.00 Other material examined. New South Wales (males): AMS KS937, Ben</p><p>2 7.31 4.08 5.51 4.79 2.92 23.61 Lomond, February 1963, M. Trudgeon; QMB S675, Black Mountain, 28</p><p>3 6.53 3.74 4.39 4.85 3.40 22.91 February 1977, Snell; AMS KS940, Glen Innes, February 1952,? Every; 4 8.19 4.08 5.98 6.09 3.74 28.08 QMB S384, 42 km E. of Guyra, January 1972; AMS KS945, Point.Lookout,</p><p>New England National Park, 26 November 1969, M. Gray; QMB S386 , not or very weakly offset from tegulum. Embolus shaft gently “Newholme”, near Armidale, 2 February 1974, Jenkins. New South Wales curved, broad, not tapered. Distal part of embolus moderately (females): AMS KS13596 , Dorrigo, 22 December 1983; AMS KS14384 ,</p><p>Ulong, nr. Dorrigo, 26 April 1984; AMS KS7525–7, Lower Wattle Flat, twisted with twisting extended back along shaft as a deep Point Lookout area, New England National Park, 12 May 1981, G. Hunt; longitudinal fold; distal flange moderately reflexed. Bulb AMS KS14038, Dorrigo, 18 March 1984, C. Martin. length 3.32, width 1.40. Embolus length 2.28, midwidth</p><p>0.39. Length of femur 4.10, patella 1.76, tibia 3.98. Width Diagnosis. CL 7.34–10.54 (male). Differs from H. infensa of tibia 2.08. Spination: tibia with 2 prolateral bristle like and H. macquariensis by tibia II ventrally sinuous/concave spines, absent elsewhere. Distal femur with several sinuous with strong ventral spines clustered proximocentrally (Figs. bristles. — Legs. 4123.</p><p>87G; 89H,I); from H. infensa by basal embolus weakly offset</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total from tegulum (Fig. 89B);from H. lynabrae by tarsi III, IV</p><p>1 7.46 3.53 5.78 5.49 3.44 25.70 not swollen, and embolus less twisted; and from H. valida,</p><p>2 7.01 3.57 5.74 5.33 3.36 25.01 H. orana, H. kaputarensis and H. levittgreggae by greater</p><p>3 6.32 2.99 4.56 5.54 3.67 23.08 width of embolus (EmbmidW/L 0.14) (Fig. 89B).</p><p>4 7.75 3.48 5.77 6.80 4.32 28.12</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FFA1FFFDC69A97E95460FDEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FF8AFFC1C43E9376557FFA5E.text	163F87D5FF8AFFC1C43E9376557FFA5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche annachristiae Gray 2010	<div><p>Hadronyche annachristiae n.sp.</p><p>Figures 99–101; Table 30</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for Anna-Christie Gray,</p><p>my younger daughter.</p><p>Types. Holotype male: AMS KS5438, Kerewong State Forest, nr Lorne,</p><p>31°35'S 152°33'E, D. Milledge, 1980. Paratypes (AMS). New South</p><p>Wales. Males: AMS KS1551, Kerewong State Forest, nr. Taree, 31°35'S</p><p>152°33'E, 11 May–19 June 1978, D. Milledge; AMS KS5409, Kerewong</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.55/lat -31.583334)">State Forest</a>, 31°35'S 152°33'E, 30 May–1 September 1979, D. Milledge ;</p><p>AMS KS10770, Kerewong State Forest, Wedding Cake Road, nr. Taree,</p><p>31°35'S 152°33'E, 28 March 1982, H. Parnaby; AMS KS5637, Lorne State</p><p>Forest, nr.Taree, 31°33'S 152°37'E, 1 Sept–9 December 1979, D.Milledge;</p><p>AMS KS5420, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.61667/lat -31.55)">Lorne State Forest</a>, nr. Taree, 31°33'S 152°37'E, 30 May –1</p><p>September 1979, D. Milledge.</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 6.19–6.66 (male). Small atracine spiders with (“boat shaped”). Differs from H. raveni and H. Figure 99. Hadronyche annachristiae Male. (A) cephalothorax lamingtonensis and by embolus long and curved with base and chelicerae, lateral; (B) palp, prolateral; (C) cephalothorax and strongly offset from tegulum (Fig. 100B) and presence chelicerae, dorsal; (D) cheliceral groove teeth; (E) sternum, labium of swollen tarsi III, IV (Fig. 3G); from H. monteithi by and maxilla; (F) spinnerets; (G) leg II, prolateral. Scale lines 1 mm.</p><p>1.90. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.68, anterior width wider than long, middle haematodocha exposed. Embolus 0.85, posterior width 1.36. Diameters: AME 0.26, ALE 0.50, moderately long, shaft hardly tapering distally, strongly PLE 0.28, PME 0.25. — Chelicerae. Anterodorsal bristles curved. Distal embolus moderately twisted, flange partially on paturon rather short. Cheliceral groove narrow, margins reflexed. Embolus base strongly offset from tegulum. Bulb parallel. Groove length 2.22, middle width 0.34. Cheliceral length 2.99, width 1.18. Embolus length 2.18, midwidth teeth: 4 central placed at base of groove (occasionally a few 0.16. Length of femur 2.84, patella 1.24, tibia 3.39. Width teeth apically); 10 prolateral; 10 retrolateral. — Labium. of tibia 1.54. Spination: none; sinuous bristles on distal Wider than long with long anterior hairs. Length 1.06, width femur. — Legs. 4123. 1.42. Labiosternal sigilla broad, complete. Cuspules c. 83,</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total</p><p>number low. — Sternum. Ovoid. Length 4.08, width 3.21.</p><p>1 5.79 2.67 4.06 4.22 2.34 19.08</p><p>Posterior sigilla large, elongate. — Palp. Tegular area much</p><p>2 5.29 2.67 3.87 3.98 2.50 18.31</p><p>3 5.02 2.35 3.25 3.69 3.02 17.33</p><p>leg I weak; legs II–IV moderately to strongly developed.</p><p>Distal metatarsal scopulae absent legs I–III, very weak leg</p><p>IV. Tarsal spines numerous, a few small mid-ventral spines sometimes present. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 8, 8;</p><p>inferior 1, 1. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 7, 7; metatarsus</p><p>7, 8; tibia p5 r5, p5 r5. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0,</p><p>patella 0, tibia 12, metatarsus 32, tarsus 42. Leg II: femur 0,</p><p>patella 0, tibia 16, metatarsus 35, tarsus 42. Leg III: femur</p><p>0, patella 31 (p30 r1), tibia 15 (p5 r3), metatarsus 25, tarsus</p><p>47. Leg IV: femur 1, patella p8, tibia 6 (p1), metatarsus 27,</p><p>tarsus 88. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths; total 2.44; basal segment</p><p>1.14; middle 0.58; apical 0.72. Apical segment width 0.38.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the Kerewong and Lorne</p><p>State Forests near Comboyne, New South Wales (Fig. 101).</p><p>Figure 101. Collection records for Hadronyche annachristiae</p><p>(squares) and H. monteithi (circles).</p><p>Hadronyche monteithi n.sp. by a pair of sigilla. — Carapace. Slightly longer than wide,</p><p>narrowing rapidly posteriorly, moderately raised. Height</p><p>Figures 101–102; Table 31 2.54. Frontal width 3.57. Fovea strongly procurved. Middorsal cephalic setae do not reach fovea. Anterior strial setae</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for Dr Geoff Monteith, few or absent. Anterolateral angle of carapace with a few a collector of the type specimens and many other spider hairs only. — Eyes. Sessile. Eye group width 1.39. Median species. ocular quadrangle length 0.49, anterior width 0.68, posterior width 0.93. Diameters: AME 0.23, ALE 0.32, PLE 0.27,</p><p>Types. Holotype male: QMB S181 (QMB). The Head, via Killarney, PME 0.18. — Chelicerae. Sparse-moderate anterodorsal Queensland, 28°20'S 152°18'E, G.B. and S. R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.3/lat -28.333334)">Monteith</a>, 31 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.3/lat -28.333334)">Mar</a> –2 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.3/lat -28.333334)">August</a> cover of short bristles on paturon. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.3/lat -28.333334)">Cheliceral</a> groove very 1975.</p><p>narrow, margins subparallel. Groove length 1.68, middle width 0.25. Cheliceral teeth: 2 central, in proximal end of</p><p>Other material. Queensland. Male: QMB S148, Bald Mountain, via <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.41667/lat -28.233334)">Emuvale</a>, 28°14'S 152°25'E, G.B.and S. R. Monteith, 28 December 1974 –30 groove; 6 prolateral; 9 retrolateral, absent from distal third March 1975. of retromargin. — Labium. Wider than long. Length 0.78 ,</p><p>width 1.05. Cuspules c. 68, number low. Labiosternal sigilla</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 5.00–5.19 (male). Small atracine spiders. entire. — Sternum. Broad, ovoid. Length 2.99, width 2.58. Differs from H. raveni and H. lamingtonensis by having Posterior sigilla large, ovoid. — Palp. Tegular area much slender, curved embolus (Fig. 102D and tarsi III, IV swollen; wider than long, middle haematodocha exposed. Embolus from H. annachristiae by relatively few tarsus I spines (5–7); shaft strongly curved, moderately long and slender but hardly and from H. anzses by strongly curved embolus. tapered distally. Distal embolus twisted and set at obtuse angle to shaft. Embolus base weakly offset from tegulum.</p><p>Male (holotype) — Size. Carapace length 5.00, width 4.70. Bulb length 1.96, width 0.79. Embolus length 1.44, midwidth Abdomen length 5.00 width 3.94. — Colour. Basic colour 0.10. Length of femur 2.20, patella 0.90, tibia 2.18. Width of pattern. Small paler area on anterodorsal abdomen flanked tibia 1.07. Spination: femur 4 (bristle-like). — Legs. 4123.</p><p>Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 1 3.92 1.90 2.87 2.82 1.86 13.37 2 3.48 1.62 2.73 2.64 1.86 12.33 3 3.32 1.60 1.92 2.52 2.12 11.48 4 3.92 1.76 2.76 3.30 2.62 14.36</p><p>Tibia I width 0.74. Femora I and II without spines. Legs I and II unmodified, tibial spines few and metatarsal ventral spines scattered. Coxal hairs unmodified. Tarsi III, IV swollen, “boat-shaped”. Scopulae absent on distal metatarsi, weak to moderately developed on tarsi I–IV. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 6; inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 5, 6: metatarsus 8, 6; tibia p4 r4, p4 r4. — Leg spination. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 6, metatarsus 16, tarsus 7. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 2–3 (ventral spines ± weak). Leg III. femur 1, patella 27 (p26 r1), tibia 11 (p6 r2) metatarsus 18 (pd6 rd4), tarsus 8. Leg IV: femur 1, patella p3, tibia 6 (p3 d1), metatarsus 16, tarsus 13. — Abdomen. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. Lengths: total 1.76; basal segment 0.88, middle 0.44, apical 0.44. Apical segment width 0.32.</p><p>Distribution. Border Ranges in Killarney region, southeastern Queensland (Fig. 101).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FF8AFFC1C43E9376557FFA5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FF8FFFC1C69793C55434F813.text	163F87D5FF8FFFC1C69793C55434F813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche anzses Raven	<div><p>Hadronyche anzses Raven</p><p>Hadronyche anzses Raven, 2000: 225</p><p>Types. Holotype male: QMB S18825.Mossman Bluff summit, 10Km west Figure 102. Hadronyche monteithi, male: (A) spinnerets; (B) of Mosman, 16°26'54"S 145°16'59"E, N.E. Queensland, 20 December cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) cheliceral groove teeth; 1989– 15 January 1990, G. Monteith, G. Thompson and ANZSES (D) palpal organ; (E) leg II, prolateral; (F) palp, prolateral; (G) Expedition. cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (H) sternum, labium and maxilla. Scale lines 1 mm. Diagnosis. CL 5.31 (male). Small atracine spiders. Differs from other lamingtonensis group species in having only a few basal teeth (3) on the cheliceral promargin (Raven,</p><p>2000, Fig. 1G) and metatarsus I with fewer spines (c. 10);</p><p>and from H. raveni and H. lamingtonensis by tarsi III, IV swollen, “boat-shaped”.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FF8FFFC1C69793C55434F813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FF8EFFC3C41D96B35564FB5E.text	163F87D5FF8EFFC3C41D96B35564FB5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atrax adelaidensis	<div><p>adelaidensis species group</p><p>Description (Figs. 103–104; Tables 32–33). Small atracinae (CL 5.4–6.9). Burrow entrance without triplines, with sidechamber closed by a trap-door. Carapace broad, strongly raised. Labium and sternum wide. Serrula absent. Cheliceral groove narrow with long central tooth row. STC teeth few (8–9). Male femora I, II with dorsal spines or bristles. Males without leg II apophyses; leg I modified (incrassate tibia and metatarsus) or unmodified. Male palpal tibia bulbous basally; patella wider than femur.</p><p>Included species. Hadronyche adelaidensis (Gray), H. flindersi (Gray), H. eyrei (Gray) .</p><p>Distribution. Limited to the Gulf Ranges region of South Australia.</p><p>adelaidensis ( black squares) and A. eyrei (closed circles). side chamber with a robust soil door and a simple collapsible, collar-like silk entrance opening in or under lear litter in open forest and woodland habitats (Main, 1976; Gray, 1984). The Types. Holotype female: AMS KS983, Mt. Remarkable (lower slopes),</p><p>3km north of Melrose, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.06667/lat -32.783333)">Flinders Range</a>, South Australia, 32°47'S 138°04'E, burrows lack surface triplines. Interestingly, juveniles of</p><p>23 April 1973, M. and G. Gray. Paratype male:AMS KS980, same data as H. adelaidensis make burrows that lack side chambers but holotype, 25 April 1973. have well-formed, flap-like surface trapdoors (Gray, 1984). These spiders are separated from the main eastern Diagnosis. CL 5.4–6.9 (male and female). Small atracine distribution of the Atracinae by the dry shrublands/ spiders Males differ from H. adelaidensis by row of strong woodlands of the southern Murray Basin (Fig. 2). They may dorsal spines (8–9) on femur I; and tibia I, II with 6–9 originally have been isolated as a western atracine population spines. Male palp with straight, slender embolus. and 12–16 during a Tertiary marine incursion into the Murray Basin. spines on patella. Male tarsi III, IV weakly swollen. Females with moderately slender spermathecae with a subapical</p><p>Hadronyche flindersi (Gray) constriction; few prolateral spines on tibia III (8–9).</p><p>Figures 103–105; Table 32</p><p>Atrax flindersi Gray, 1984: 446 .</p><p>Hadronyche flindersi .–Gray, 1988: 114.</p><p>Distribution. The southern end of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia (Fig. 105).</p><p>Comments. Female burrow with juvenile spiders in side passage closed by trapdoor in April, 1973.</p><p>Hadronyche adelaidensis (Gray) tibia I, II (0–2), and absence of dorsal spines (bristles only) on femur I. Male palp with short, broad embolus. Females Figures 105 –107; Table 33 are distinguished by strongly dilated spermathecae; and numerous prolateral spines on patella III (18–26).</p><p>Atrax adelaidensis . Gray, 1984: 442. Distribution. Mount Lofty Ranges and the Adelaide region,</p><p>Hadronyche adelaidensis .–Gray, 1988: 114. South Australia (Fig. 105).</p><p>Types. Holotype female: N1979146 (SAM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.61667/lat -34.9)">Hackney</a>, Adelaide, South Comments. Williams &amp; Goode (1978) found evidence that Australia, 34°54'S 138°37'E, 16 November 1973, J. Batt . Paratype male:</p><p>N1979145 (SAM). St. Peters C.G.S. Adelaide, South Australia, 3 June the Miocene Murray River in South Australia may have run 1971, D. Edwards. west into the Spencer Gulf south of Port Pirie, before its flow was diverted southward near Morgan. The progenitor Diagnosis. CL 5.5–6.8 (male and female). Small atracine populations of H. adelaidensis and H. flindersi may have spiders. Males differ from H. flindersi by presence of speciated on either side of a barrier formed by the ancient incrassate tibia I and metatarsus I, reduced spination on Murray River in South Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FF8EFFC3C41D96B35564FB5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
163F87D5FF8CFFC9C6C394C8554CFA7E.text	163F87D5FF8CFFC9C6C394C8554CFA7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadronyche eyrei (Gray 1984)	<div><p>Hadronyche eyrei (Gray)</p><p>Figures 105, 108</p><p>Atrax eyrei . Gray, 1984: 444.</p><p>Hadronyche eyrei .–Gray, 1988: 114.</p><p>Types. Holotype female: AMS KS4509, 6.5km south of Coulta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.46666/lat -34.383335)">Eyre Peninsula</a>, South Australia, 34°23'S 135°28'E, 18 December 1952, B.Y. Main.</p><p>Diagnosis. CL 6.6 (female). Small atracine spiders. Differs from other adelaidensis group species by its rather uniform maroon-brown abdominal pigmentation (much lighter laterally and ventrally in other species). Prolateral patella with 5–10 spines. Spermathecae unmodified, sac-like.</p><p>Distribution. Southern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia (Fig. 105).</p><p>Comments. This species represents the known western extent of the atracine spiders in Australia. maxilla; (B) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (C) cheliceral groove teeth; (D) spinnerets; (E) cephalothorax and chelicerae,</p><p>dorsal; (F) spermathecae; (G) leg III, prolateral, patella, tibia,</p><p>metatarsus. Scale lines 1 mm.</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The late Vera Levitt-Gregg was a Sydney naturalist and Australian Museum Associate, whose knowledge and enthusiasm initiated my interest in these highly venomous spiders. My thanks to Dr Robert Raven for his useful comments on the manuscript. Curatorial staff at the Queensland Museum, Museum Victoria, the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, the Launceston Museum and Art Gallery and the South Australian Museum assisted with the loan of material. Field work was supported by a grant from the Australian Biological Research Study—thanks to Harry Parnaby for his field assistance. Funding from the Australian Museum assisted with mapping and SEM editing work by Vicky Tzsoumiz. Sue Lindsay took the SEM pictures and Kate Attwood kindly assisted with re-arrangement of drawings. Thanks to my wife, Greta Jensen Gray, who assisted in so many ways, including data compilation, field work and coffee.</p><p>References Hickman, V.V., 1964. On Atrax infensus sp. n. (Araneida: Dipluridae) its habits and a method of trapping the males. Papers Ausserer,A., 1871. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Arachniden–Familie and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 98: 107–112. der Territelariae Thorell—(Mygalidae). Verhhandlungen Hickman, V.V., 1967. Some Common Spiders of Tasmania. zoologisch–botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21: 117–224. Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, 112 pp.</p><p>Ausserer, A., 1875. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachniden– Hogg, H.R., 1901. On Australian and New Zealand spiders of the Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae). Verhhandlungen suborder Mygalomorphae . Proceedings of the zoological Society zoologisch–botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 25: 125–206. of London 1901: 218–279.</p><p>Beavis, A.S., &amp; D.M. Rowell, 2006. Phylogeography of two Hogg, H.R., 1902. On some additions to the Australian spiders of Australian funnel-web spiders ( Araneae: Mygalomorphae: the suborder Mygalomorphae . Proceedings of the zoological Hexathelidae) in Tallaganda State Forest, New South Wales. Society of London 1902: 121–142.</p><p>In Insect Biodiversity and Dead Wood: Proceedings of a Karsch, F., 1878. Exotisch-araneologisches. Zeitschrift für die Symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology. gesamten Naturwissenschaften 51: 332–333.</p><p>General Technical Report SRS–93, ed. Simon J. Grove and Koch, L., 1873. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nürnberg 1: 369–472. James L. Hanula.Asheville, NC: US Department of Agriculture Levitt, V ., 1961. The funnel web spider in captivity. Proceedings of Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 110p. the Royal Zoological Society (NSW) 1958: 80–84 .</p><p>Bonnet, P., 1955. Bibliographia araneorum. Toulouse, 2(1): 1–918. Main, B.Y., 1967. Spiders of Australia. Jacaranda Press, 125 pp.</p><p>Bonnet, P., 1957. Bibliographia araneorum. Toulouse, 2(3): Main, B.Y., 1976. Spiders. Collins, Sydney, 296 pp.</p><p>1927–3026. Main, B.Y., 1982. Some zoogeographic considerations of families of Bonnet, P., 1958. Bibliographia araneorum. Toulouse, 2(4): spiders occurring in New Guinea. In Biogeography and Ecology 3027–4230. in New Guinea, ed. J.L. Gressitt, pp. 583–602. The Hague: Junk. Bradley, R.A., 1993. Seasonal activity patterns in Sydney funnel- Main, B.Y., 1985. Arachnida: Mygalomorphae . In Zoological web spiders, Atrax spp. ( Araneae: Hexathelidae). Bulletin of the Catalogue of Australia 3: 1–183.</p><p>British Arachnological Society 9(6): 189–197. Mascord, R.E., 1980. Spiders of Australia: A Field Guide. Sydney: Brignoli, P.M., 1983. A Catalogue of the Araneae Described A. H. and A. W. Reid.</p><p>Between 1940 and 1981. Manchester University Press, 755 pp. McKeown, K.C., 1963. Australian Spiders. Sydney: Sirius Books: Bücherl, W., 1971. Spiders. In Venomous Animals and their Venoms. Angus and Robertson.</p><p>Academic Press, New York, 3: 197–277. Musgrave, A., 1927. Some poisonous Australian Spiders. Records Cambridge, O.P.-, 1877. On some new genera and species of of the Australian Museum 16: 33–46.</p><p>Araneidea. Annals of the Magazine of natural History (4)19: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.16.1927.777</p><p>26–39. Musgrave, A., 1948. A catalogue of the spiders of Tasmania. Cooley, A., 1989. An apparent case of character displacement in Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 2: 75–91.</p><p>sympatric populations of atracine spiders of the genera Atrax Nishikawa, Y., 1976 . Notes on the venomous spiders (funnel-web and Hadronyche . Honours thesis,Australian National University. spider and red-back spider) in Australia. Otemon Bulletin for Coyle, F., 1986. Courtship, mating and the function of male- Australian Studies 2: 176–193.</p><p>specific leg structures in the mygalomorph spider genus Euagrus Platnick, N.I., 2010 . The world spider catalogue, version 9.5. ( Araneae, Dipluridae). Proceedings of the IX International American Museum of Natural History, online at:</p><p>Congress of Arachnology, Panama. Pp. 33–38. http://research. amnh. org/entomology/spiders/catalogue/index.html</p><p>Goloboff, P.A., 1993.A reanalysis of mygalomorph spider families Rainbow, W.J., 1911. A census of Australian Araneidae. Records ( Araneae). American Museum Novitates 3056: 1–32. of the Australian Museum 9: 107–319.</p><p>Gray, M.R., 1978. Venoms of Dipluridae, A. Systematics and http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.9.1911.928</p><p>Distribution. In Arthropod Venoms, ed. S. Bettini, pp. 121–126. Rainbow, W.J., 1913. Arachnida from the Solomon Islands. Records Berlin: Springer-Verlag. of the Australian Museum 10: 1–16.</p><p>Gray, M.R., 1981. Getting to know funnel-web spiders. Australian http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.10.1913.893</p><p>Natural History 20: 265–270. Rainbow, W.J., 1914. Studies in the Australian Araneidae. No. Gray, M.R., 1984. The taxonomy of the Atrax adelaidensis 6. The Terretelariae. Records of the Australian Museum 10: species-group (Macrothelinae: Mygalomorphae) with notes on 187–270.</p><p>burrowing behaviour. Records of the South Ausralian Museum http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j. 0067-1975.10.1914.901</p><p>18: 441–452. Rainbow, W.J., 1920. Trap-door spiders of the “Chevert” Ex- Gray, M.R., 1986. A systematic study of the funnel-web spiders pedition. Records of the Australian Museum 13: 77–85.</p><p>( Mygalomorphae: Hexathelidae: Atracinae). PhD thesis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.13.1920.857</p><p>Macquarie University. Rainbow, W.J., &amp; R.H. Pulleine, 1918.Australian trap-door spiders. Gray, M.R., 1987. Distribution of the funnel-web spiders. In Toxic Records of the Australian Museum 12: 81–169.</p><p>Plants and Animals: A Guide for Australia, ed. J. Covacevich, P. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.12.1918.882</p><p>Davie &amp; J. Pearn, pp. 312–321. Brisbane: Queensland Museum. Raven, R.J., 1980. The evolution and biogeography of the mygalo- Gray, M.R., 1988. Aspects of the systematics of the Australian morph spider family Hexathelidae ( Araneae, Chelicerata). funnel-web spiders ( Araneae: Hexathelidae: Atracinae) based Journal of Arachnology 8: 251–266.</p><p>upon morphological and electrophoretic data. Australian Raven, R.J., 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae entomological Society miscellaneous Publication 5: 113–125. ( Araneae): Cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Hedin, M., &amp; J.E. Bond, 2006. Molecular phylogenetics of the Museum of natural History 182: 1–180.</p><p>spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using nuclear rRNA genes Raven, R.J., 2000. A new species of funnel-web spider (Hadron- (18S and 28S): Conflict and agreement with the current system yche, Hexathelidae, Mygalomorphae) from north Queensland. of classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 46: 225–230.</p><p>454–471. Roewer, C.F., 1942. Katalog der Araneae 1: 1–1040. Bremen.</p><p>http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j. ympev.2006.05.017 Simon, E., 1891. Etudes arachnologiques. 23e Mémoire. XXXVIII. Hickman, V.V., 1927. Studies in Tasmanian spiders. Part I. Papers Descriptions d’espèces et de genres nouveaux de la famille des and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1926: 52–86. Aviculariidae. Annales Société entomologique de France 60: 300–312.</p><p>Simon, E., 1892. Histoire naturelle des araignées. 1: 1–256. Paris. Wishart, G., 1993. The biology of spiders and phenology of Simon, E., 1903. Histoire naturelle des araignées. 2: 669–1080. wandering males in a forest remnant. Memoirs of the Queensland Paris. Museum 33(2): 675–680.</p><p>Snazel, R., &amp; R. Allison, 1989. The genus Macrothele Ausserer Woodman, J.D., J.E. Ashe &amp; D.M. Rowell, 2006 . Population ( Araneae, Hexathelidae) in Europe. Bulletin of the British structure in a funnelweb spider ( Hexathelidae: Hadronyche) arachnological Society 8(3): 65–72. along a forested rainfall gradient. Journal of Zoology 268 (4): Sutherland, S.K., &amp; J. Tibballs, 2001. Australian Animal Toxins. 325–333.</p><p>Oxford University Press, 856 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00012.x</p><p>Walker, P., 1982. The tree funnel-web spider, Atrax formidabilis .</p><p>Australian Arachnology 7: 4–5</p><p>Wilson, D.T.R., 2001. The identification and characterisation of</p><p>Australian funnel-web spider venom. PhD thesis. University Manuscript submitted 23 September 2009, revised 12 August 2010, and of Queensland. accepted 25 August 2010.</p><p>Appendix 1</p><p>Morphological characters and measurement points</p><p>A Palpal organ. (1) Bulb length—tegulum+embolus. (2) Bulb width—across tegulum and subtegulum. (3) Embolus length. (4) Embolus mid-width. (5) Offset of basal embolus from tegulum. (6) Twisted and “flanged” distal part of embolus.</p><p>B Cheliceral tooth row: length and mid-width.</p><p>C Carapace, dorsal: length, width and clypeal frontal width.</p><p>D Labium: length, width. Sternum: length, width. (Note: the presence of setae on the posterior labium helps differentiate it from the smooth hairless cuticle of the labiosternal sigillum</p><p>E Leg segment lengths: femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus.</p><p>F Posterior lateral spinnerets, apical segment: length and mid-width.</p><p>G Male palpal tibia: length, width.</p><p>H Carapace, lateral: height.</p><p>Appendix 2</p><p>List of atracine spider species, with numbers previously allocated to new species. Undescribed species dealt with in Gray (1986, 1987, 1988) were identified by species numbers. These numbers are given below with the corresponding new species names allocated here. Note that number 5 in the Hadronyche species number list is intentionally omitted.</p><p>species names species number</p><p>Atrax robustus O.P.- Cambridge, 1877</p><p>Atrax sutherlandi n.sp. ................................................. Atrax sp.1</p><p>Atrax yorkmainorum n.sp............................................. Atrax sp.2</p><p>Hadronyche adelaidensis (Gray, 1984)</p><p>Hadronyche anzses Raven, 2000</p><p>Hadronyche cerberea L. Koch, 1873</p><p>Hadronyche eyrei (Gray, 1984)</p><p>Hadronyche formidabilis (Rainbow, 1914)</p><p>Hadronyche flindersi (Gray, 1984)</p><p>Hadronyche infensa (Hickman, 1964)</p><p>Hadronyche meridiana Hogg, 1902</p><p>Hadronyche modesta (Simon, 1891)</p><p>Hadronyche pulvinator (Hickman, 1927)</p><p>Hadronyche valida (Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918)</p><p>Hadronyche venenata (Hickman, 1927)</p><p>Hadronyche versuta (Rainbow, 1914)</p><p>Hadronyche emmalizae n.sp............................. Hadronyche sp. 1</p><p>Hadronyche alpina n.sp. .................................. Hadronyche sp. 2</p><p>Hadronyche marracoonda n.sp........................ Hadronyche sp. 3</p><p>Hadronyche monaro n.sp. ................................ Hadronyche sp. 4</p><p>Hadronyche tambo n.sp.................................... Hadronyche sp. 6</p><p>Hadronyche nimoola n.sp................................. Hadronyche sp. 7</p><p>Hadronyche mascordi n.sp............................... Hadronyche sp. 8</p><p>Hadronyche jensenae n.sp................................ Hadronyche sp. 9</p><p>Hadronyche orana n.sp. ................................. Hadronyche sp. 10</p><p>Hadronyche lynabrae n.sp. ............................ Hadronyche sp. 11</p><p>Hadronyche kaputarensis n.sp. ...................... Hadronyche sp. 12</p><p>Hadronyche levittgreggae n.sp....................... Hadronyche sp. 13</p><p>Hadronyche macquariensis n.sp. ................... Hadronyche sp. 14</p><p>Hadronyche walkeri n.sp................................ Hadronyche sp. 15</p><p>Hadronyche raveni n.sp. ................................ Hadronyche sp. 16</p><p>Hadronyche lamingtonensis n.sp. .................. Hadronyche sp. 17</p><p>Hadronyche annachristiae n.sp...................... Hadronyche sp. 18</p><p>Hadronyche monteithi n.sp............................. Hadronyche sp. 19</p><p>Illawarra wisharti n.sp................................... Hadronyche sp. 20</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/163F87D5FF8CFFC9C6C394C8554CFA7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gray, Michael R.	Gray, Michael R. (2010): A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae). Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285-392, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
