identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
15351747FFFBFFAAFF6FD676FA9137FC.text	15351747FFFBFFAAFF6FD676FA9137FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Justicia tamilnadensis P. Raja & Soosairaj 2023	<div><p>Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja &amp; Soosairaj, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1, 2; Table 1).</p><p>Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja &amp; Soosairaj, sp. nov. is morphologically closely allied to Justicia salsoloides T.Anderson. It differs by its herbaceous, slender, purplish-green, glabrous, and angled stem, elliptic-oblong, lanceolate, glabrous, sub-sessile leaves, corolla pubescent on throat within and sub-terete capsules.</p><p>TYPUS. — India. Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.789444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.349444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.789444/lat 10.349444)">Poosathurai</a>, (10°20’58”N, 78°47’22”E), c. 82 m, 11.X.2021 , P. Raja &amp; S. Soosairaj 4760 (holo-, RHT!; iso-, MH!).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. — Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. is presently known only from the type locality where less than 20 individuals have been observed in open places in Vellar river bed at elevations of 70-85 m and associated with Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth, Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton, Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L., Dyschoriste madurensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Euphorbia corrigioloides Boiss., Leucas diffusa Benth., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Cyanotis cristata (L.) D.Don, Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Siegler. &amp; Ebinger and Melanocenchris monoica (Rottler) C.E.C.Fisch.</p><p>PHENOLOGY. — Flowering and fruiting were observed from July to December.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet tamilnadensis refers to one of the south Indian states Tamil Nadu from where the specimens were collected.</p><p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. was observed at only one location which is fragmented by transportation. The total population of this species is enumerated to be less than 20 individuals, and based on the field observation, the conservation status of the species has been evaluated accordingly. We have been surveying the entire Pudukkottai district and the surrounding regions since 2012. And from the entire study in the past decade, it was noted that the proposed species is found only in that specific location (Fig. 3). The geographic range for the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is c. 0.5 km ² and the distribution is limited to the type locality (IUCN 2022). Urbanization, transportation and expansion of the highly invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. threatens the population of this species. Hence, this species is classified in criterion B (AOO) under B2a and B2b and criterion D (number of mature individuals is less than 20) as well to meet the criteria for the Critically Endangered B2ab (ii,iii,v); D.</p><p>ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — India. Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.789444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.349444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.789444/lat 10.349444)">Poosathurai</a>, (10°20’58”N, 78°47’22”E), c. 80 m, 09.X.2022, P . Raja 4766 (RHT!) .</p><p>DESCRIPTION</p><p>Prostrate herb, 200-300 mm long; rootstock woody with fleshy roots. Stem prostrate, angled, slender, glabrous, bearded at nodes. Leaves sub-sessile, 9-35 × 3-6 mm, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong, opposite, cuneate at base, margins entire on young leaves and occasionally margins undulate on mature leaves, obtusely acute at apex, mid nerve prominent, lateral nerves 3-4, obscure. Inflorescence sub-terminal and terminal spikes, 15-50 mm long, loosely arranged, peduncle 4-10 mm long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 5-9 × 2-3 mm, base truncate, margin entire, apex acute, ciliate at base. Bracteoles 2, lanceolate, 10-12 × 1.5-2 mm, 3-nerved, nerves obscure, base truncate, margin entire, ciliate at base, acute at apex. Flowers 1 cm long; calyx lobes 5, equal in length, 5 × 1 mm, narrow, linear, cuneate at base, acute at apex, pubescent; corolla 1 cm long, pubescent without; corolla tube 5 mm long, pubescent in throat; bilabiate, upper two-lobed, lobes connate except tip, lower broadly 3-lobed, mid lobe broader than lateral lobes, 4 × 3 mm, purplish inside, lateral lobes 4 × 2 mm, white inside. Stamens 2, exserted; filaments 5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2-celled, pubescent on upper anther cell, 3 mm long with 1 mm appendage on lower anther cell. Pistil 8 mm long, ovary 2 × 1.5 mm, ovules 4, style slender, 6 mm long, pubescent on basal half, stigma simple. Capsule 12-15 × 5 mm, sub-terete, white tomentose without, shortly mucronate at apex. Seeds 3-4, echinate.</p><p>TAXONOMIC COMMENTS</p><p>Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. and J. salsoloides are restricted in distribution (Carnatic regions of Indian Peninsula). In the field, the habit of J. tamilnadensis closely resembles to that of Lepidagathis cristata Willd. and it could be mistaken in the absence of inflorescences. The rootstock of J. tamilnadensis resembles that of the Justicia trinervia Vahl. There are about 5-7 fleshy roots per plant. Each root is about 100-160 mm long and 2-3 mm wide and deeply rooted to the barren or gravel soil up to 200 mm in depth. The tuberous root system enables the persistent stem to tolerate the dry season.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15351747FFFBFFAAFF6FD676FA9137FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Raja, Prakasam;Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter;Soosairaj, Sebastian;Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed	Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian, Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed (2023): A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia (3) 45 (17): 285-291, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17
15351747FFFFFFABFE0AD1BDFAFA36DA.text	15351747FFFFFFABFE0AD1BDFAFA36DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Justicia L. FROM	<div><p>KEY TO THE GENUS JUSTicia L. FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA</p><p>1. Calyx lobes 5 ............................................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>— Calyx lobes 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 14</p><p>2. Shrubs or undershrubs ................................................................................................................................ 3</p><p>— Erect or diffuse herbs ................................................................................................................................. 12</p><p>3. Anther cells minutely apiculate at base ........................................................................................................ 4</p><p>— Anther cells with prominent white appendage at base ................................................................................. 5</p><p>4. Inflorescence capitate .................................................................................. J. beddomei (C.B.Clarke) Bennet</p><p>— Inflorescence spikes .................................................................................................................. J. adhatoda L.</p><p>5. Capsule 2-2.5 cm long ................................................................................................................................ 6</p><p>— Capsule less than 2 cm long ........................................................................................................................ 7</p><p>6. Erect shrubs. Leaves 6-9 cm broad ................................................................................... J. santapaui Bennet</p><p>— Procumbent undershrub. Leaves 0.5-1.5 cm broad .......................... J. nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B. Clarke</p><p>7. Leaves less than 3 cm long ........................................................................................................................... 8</p><p>— Leaves more than 5 cm long ........................................................................................................................ 9</p><p>8. Bracts elliptic, acute .................................................................................................. J. salsoloides T.Anderson</p><p>— Bracts orbicular or obcordate, short-apiculate ............................................................... J. tranquebariensis L.f .</p><p>9. Capsule pubescent ..................................................................................................................................... 10</p><p>— Capsule glabrous ........................................................................................................... J. gendarussa Burm.f.</p><p>10. Seeds spinulose or echinate when wetted ................................................................................................... 11</p><p>— Seeds softly round-tuberculate when wetted .............................................................. J. wynaadensis B.Heyne</p><p>11. Bracts white with green nerves; bracteoles similar ....................................................................... J. betonica L .</p><p>— Bracts not as above; bracteoles different, often absent ............................................................ J. glauca Rottler</p><p>12. Leaves more than 5 cm broad ................................................................................................. J. scandens Vahl</p><p>— Leaves less than 1 cm broad ....................................................................................................................... 13</p><p>13. Bracts white with green nerves. Seeds tuberculate when wetted ............................................. J. trinervia Vahl</p><p>— Bracts not as above. Seeds echinate when wetted .......................... J. tamilnadensis P.Raja &amp; Soosairaj, sp.nov.</p><p>14. Spikes stout, cylindric ............................................................................................................................... 15</p><p>— Spikes slender, linear ................................................................................................................................. 18</p><p>15. Subshrubs or undershrubs; branchlets somewhat woody ........................................................................... 16</p><p>— Herbaceous; branchlets slender .................................................................................................................. 17</p><p>16. Bracts with bulbous based white hairs. Capsule pubescent .......................................... J. neesii Ramamoorthy</p><p>— Bracts not as above. Capsule glabrous ........................................................... J. latispica (C.B.Clarke) Gamble</p><p>17. Spikes up to 3 cm long ......................................................................................................... J. procumbens L .</p><p>— Spikes more than 5 cm long ................................................................................................ J. simplex D.Don</p><p>18. Calyx lobes obtuse at apex ................................................................... J. quinqueangularis J.Koenig ex Roxb.</p><p>— Calyx lobes acute at apex ........................................................................................................................... 19</p><p>19. Bracts and bracteoles ovate .................................................................................................... J. diffusa Willd.</p><p>— Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate ................................................................................................................. 20</p><p>20. Seeds tuberculate .......................................................................... J. prostrata (Roxb. ex C.B.Clarke) Gamble</p><p>— Seeds papillae ............................................................................................................................................ 21</p><p>21. Leaves ovate-elliptic or linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ........................................................... J. vahlii Roth</p><p>— Leaves ovate or orbicular, obtuse, strigose above, villous beneath ......................... J. nepalensis V.A.W.Graham</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/15351747FFFFFFABFE0AD1BDFAFA36DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Raja, Prakasam;Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter;Soosairaj, Sebastian;Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed	Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian, Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed (2023): A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia (3) 45 (17): 285-291, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17
