taxonID	type	description	language	source
14558B19FFE4FFEA0EC9209DFD137A5C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Regulaneuria cingulata (Navás, 1933)	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFEA0EC9209DFD137A5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male imago. Compound eyes not contiguous, widely separated by a distance 2.5 - 3.0 times frontal ocellus width (Fig. 2 A). Number of crossveins on forewing reduced (less than 18 in costal and subcostal fields), most crossveins obviously pigmented; almost all crossveins of forewing, except those in costal and subcostal fields and wing base, regularly or roughly arranged into 5 – 6 rows (Figs 2 D, 7 A – D); hindwing with brown pigmentation along outer margin at distal half (Fig. 2 D). First tarsal segment of foreleg 0.7 – 0.8 times second one length; midtarsus longer than midtibia (Fig. 2 C). Styliger convex medially and with a pair of sublateral projections (Fig. 3 E); penes almost totally fused with median titillators (Figs 3 E – F).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFEA0EC9209DFD137A5C.taxon	description	Female imago. Subgenital plate greatly elongated posteriorly reaching the posterior margin of sternum VIII; subanal plate tongue-shape, elongated and narrowed (Fig. 3 G). Nymph. Pronotum expanded laterally, wider than head. Labrum not or slightly expanded laterally with round apex (Figs 5 B, C); superlingua curved with relatively sharpened tip (Fig. 5 F); maxillae with two distal dentisetae (proximal one bifurcated) and one proximal dentiseta (bifurcated, with one branch fringed) (Figs 5 H, 8 G). Supracoxal spurs present but rounded or bluntly developed (Fig. 6 B). Bristles on upper faces of femora with more or less truncated apex; hindleg with pinnate (lateral margins serrated) bristles on inner surface of tibia and tarsus (Figs 8 A – F). Lamellae of tergalius I with anal margin extended; tergalius VII with basal half convex and apical half narrowed (Fig. 6 E). Caudalii with whorls of spine-like setae on each segment, primary swimming setae lost (Fig. 6 F). Egg. Ovoid; chorion irregularly covered by small KCTs on whole surface; micropyle with single margin (Figs 8 H, I). Species composition. Regulaneuria chongchongae sp. nov.: Hainan Province, China Regulaneuria cingulata: Zhejiang Province, China	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFEA0EC9209DFD137A5C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Regulaneuria can be easily distinguished from all other Ecdyonurinae genera by the combination of the following characters: in the imaginal stage, A) compound eyes not contiguous and widely separated by a distance 2.5 – 3.0 times frontal ocellus width; B) most crossveins on forewing, except those in costal and subcostal fields and wing base, regularly or roughly arranged into 5 – 6 rows; hindwing with brown pigmentation along outer margins at distal half; C) penes almost totally fused; and in the nymphal stage, A) maxillae with two distal dentisetae (proximal one bifurcated) and one proximal dentiseta (bifurcated, with one branch fringed; B) bristles on inner surface of hindtibia and hindtarsus with lateral margins serrated; C) lamellae of tergalius I with anal margin extended; tergalius VII with basal half convex and apical half narrowed.	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFE00EC92577FD797B99.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 6, 8 A – C, 8 G – I	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFE00EC92577FD797B99.taxon	materials_examined	Type-material. Holotype: male imago, CHINA, Hainan, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Qixianling Hot Spring National Forest Park [HNBT 01 Aa] (18 °. 701242 N, 109 °. 698858 E, alt. 333 m), 19. I. 2023, leg. Pengxu Mu, (FAFU). Paratypes: CHINA, Hainan: 7 male and 2 female imagos, 1 male and 3 female subimagos, 10 nymphs, same data as holotype (in ethanol), (FAFU); 3 nymphs (in ethanol); Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, Limushan Forest Park [HNQZ 05 Aa] (19 °. 213664 N, 109 °. 758414 E, alt. 550 m), 14. I. 2023, leg. Pengxu Mu, (FAFU); 1 nymph (in ethanol), Wuzhishan City, Wuzhishan Rainforest Scenic spot [HNWZ 01 Aa] (18 °. 867700 N, 109 °. 682853 E, alt. 637 m), 15. I. 2023, leg. Pengxu Mu, (FAFU).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFE00EC92577FD797B99.taxon	description	Description. Male imago (in ethanol). Body length 7.0 (8.5) mm; forewing length 7.1 (8.5) mm; cerci length 21.6 (28.1) mm. Head (Fig. 2 A). Compound eyes grayish blue, widely separated by a distance ca. 2.5 times frontal ocellus width; ocelli apically pale gray, dark brown basally; antennae with scapes whitish-yellow, pedicels and flagella brown. Area between compound eyes yellowish except those margins along inner sides of ocelli and antennae reddish-brown. Thorax. Pronotum yellowish-white with dark brown coloration in median and posterolateral part. Mesonotum with medioscutum dark brown and submedioscutum pale brown. Mesosternum with two dark brown U-shape stripes on anterior margins of basisternum and furcasternum respectively. Legs (Fig. 2 C): All legs with similar color pattern: femur yellowish-brown with a brown band at middle and a dark brown band at apex; tibia yellowish with base and apex brown; tarsal segments yellowish except apex brown. Foreleg: length ratio of femur (2.3 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 1.0: 2.0, length ratio of tarsal segments from basal to apical 1.0: 1.3: 1.2: 1.1: 0.3. Midleg: length ratio of femur (1.9 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.7: 0.9, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 3, 5, 4. Hindleg: length ratio of femur (2.0 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 0.7, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. All claws of legs similar, one blunt and one hooked. Wings (Fig. 2 D): Forewing hyaline except pterostigmatic area milky and opaque, and with two dark brown maculations between Sc and R 1 at apex and subapex; crossveins generally reduced in number (ca. 86 in total) especially at basal half, costal and subcostal fields with ca. 17 crossveins; most crossveins except those in and around radial field at distal half trimmed with brown pigments; all crossveins except those in costal and subcostal fields and wing base arranged into 5 - 6 rows. Hindwing hyaline but with pale brown pigmentation along outer margin at distal half; costal projection slightly blunt, near base. Abdomen. Abdominal terga I – VIII nearly transparent but with posterior margins dark brown, terga III – VIII with pair dark brown sublateral spots and posterolateral oblique stripes, and terga IV – VIII with single pale brown longitudinal stripe medially. Sternum I with dark brown U-shape stripe on anterior margin; sterna II – IV with pair dark brown oblique stripes on lateral margins (Figs 3 A, B). Genitalia (Figs 3 E, F): Styliger convex medially and with two blunt projections sublaterally; gonostyli with segment IV ca. 3 / 4 times segment III length, together slightly shorter than half segment II. Penes fused, penis lobes round apically and hollowed out; median titillators well developed. Cerci yellowish-white, with joints of segments dark brown. Female imago. Body length 8.8 (9.2) mm; forewing length 10.6 (11.3) mm; cerci length 20.5 (23.5) mm. Similar to male imago except as follows: Compound eyes separated by a distance ca. 6.0 times frontal ocellus width; area between compound eyes yellowish-white at anterior half and dark brown at posterior half (Fig. 1 B). Foreleg: length ratio of femur (3.0 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.7: 0.7, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 3, 1, 1, 4, 5; midleg: length ratio of femur (3.0 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 0.5, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 3, 5, 4; hindleg: length ratio of femur (3.5 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 0.3, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 1, 3, 5, 4. Abdominal terga II – VIII with broad brown longitudinal stripes medially, sublateral spots larger than those of male imago (Fig. 3 C). Sternum I with U-shape stripe on anterior margin; sterna II – VII light brown medially, and sterna II – VI with pair dark brown oblique stripes on lateral margins (Fig. 3 D). Subgenital plate greatly elongated posteriorly reaching the posterior margin of sternum VIII; subanal plate tongue-shape, elongated and narrowed (Fig. 3 G). Male subimago. Similar to male imago except the following: Foreleg: length ratio of femur (2.2 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 1.0, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 2, 5, 4; midleg: length ratio of femur (2.2 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.7: 0.6, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 2, 5, 4; hindleg: length ratio of femur (2.4 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 0.5, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 3, 5, 3. All tarsomeres of all legs covered with blunt U-shape microlepides. Wings gray and semi-hyaline; pigmented crossveins on forewing similar to male imago but paler in color; hindwing without brown pigmentation at distal half. Female subimago. Similar to female imago except the following: Foreleg: length ratio of femur (2.8 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.9: 0.6, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 2, 5, 4; midleg: length ratio of femur (2.9 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 0.4, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 2, 4, 5, 2; hindleg: length ratio of femur (3.2 mm): tibia: tarsus 1.0: 0.8: 0.3, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 3, 4, 5, 2. Subgenital plate not extended posteriorly as female imago; subanal plate broad basally with narrowed distal half and truncated apex. Wings and microlepides on tarsomeres similar to male subimago. Nymph. Body length 7.2 (8.6) mm; cerci length 9.4 (10.2) mm. Coloration pattern as in Figs 4 A – C. Head. Head capsule (Fig. 5 A) slightly expanded laterally, posterolateral and poster margins slightly concave; subanterior margin with three large pale spots, one at middle and a pair near the base of antennae. Labrum (Figs 5 B – D): slightly expanded laterally with round apex; anterodorsal margin with dense and long setae; on ventral surface, each side of anterior margin with a median single row of ca. 10 stout setae and 2 – 3 row of stout setae laterally. Mandibles (Fig. 5 E): with numerous long setae along outer margins; left mandible with prostheca composed of 12 – 14 feathered bristles, kinetodontium subequal in length to incisor; right mandible with prostheca composed of 10 – 12 feathered setae, kinetodontium shorter and slender than incisor. Hypopharynx (Fig. 5 F): superlingua curved with relatively acute apex, row of hair-like setae on outer margins from base to sub-apex; lingua bell-like with tuft of short setae at apex. Maxillae (Figs 5 G, H): galea-lacinia covered with slightly feathered setae on ventral surface; crown of the galea-lacinia with ca. 17 comb-shape setae, median ones bearing 17 – 20 teeth; proximal dentiseta bifurcated in the middle, and proximal branch fringed; two distal dentisetae with distal one single and fringed and proximal one similar to proximal dentisetae. Labium (Figs 5 I, J): glossae nearly oval with narrow apex; paraglossae moderately expended laterally, nearly two times longer than wide. Thorax. Pronotum extended laterally, obviously wider than head (Figs 4 A, C). Supracoxal spurs weakly developed (Fig. 6 B). Legs (Figs 6 A, 8 A – C): all legs with similar coloration pattern as in Fig. 6 A; forefemur with long hair-like setae on outer margin and small bristles on upper face and inner margin, and those bristles on upper face with pair longitudinal median ridges and truncated apices; foretibia ca. 0.9 times forefemora length, outer margin with long hair-like setae at basal half, inner margin with row of sparse, short bristles; foretarsus ca. 0.3 times foretibia length, outer margin with short hair-like setae; midleg similar to foreleg, except tibia ca. 0.8 times femur length and with long hair-like setae on whole outer margin; hindleg similar to midleg, except tibia and tarsus with pinnate bristles on inner margins. Claws of all legs with 4 – 5 subapical denticles. Abdomen. Abdominal terga I – VII yellowish-brown, with two submedian diffused pale spots and two sublateral dark brown stripes; terga VIII – X yellowish with two sublateral dark brown stripes only (Fig. 6 C). Sterna yellowish, sterna II – VI with two sublateral brown dots. Posterolateral projection moderately developed on segments III – VIII (Fig. 6 D). Tergalii (Fig. 6 E): Lamella of tergalius I with convex posterior margin and blunt apex; lamellae of tergalii II – VI similar, with anterior margin greatly expanded and apices round; tergalius VII expended anteriorly at basal half and suddenly narrowed at distal half, and with fine setae along both margins. Caudalii yellowish, with whorled spines on articulations (Fig. 6 F). Egg. KCTs and small rounded tubercles randomly scattered all over the surface of the chorion; micropyle located equatorially and with single smooth margin (Figs 8 H, I).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFE00EC92577FD797B99.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of new species is dedicated to Miss Han Chongchong, we thank her for the location information of the new species.	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFE00EC92577FD797B99.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Regulaneuria chongchongae sp. nov. was found in several areas from Hainan Island. The nymphs were collected in upper streams with a high degree of shade, which width varies from 1.0 – 6.0 m and depth varies from 0.1 – 1.0 m at the time of collection (Fig. 9 B). The velocity of flow of these streams showed great variations at different sections, and those sections with lower flow rates and more substrates tended to have higher density of nymphs. These nymphs seem to swim away quickly when turning up stones and rarely stay on stones. Other mayflies collected from these streams included Alainites sp., Baetis (Rhodobaetis) sp., Centroptella (Chopralla) colorata Soldán et al., Choroterpes (Euthraulus) sp., Epeorus sp., Labiobaetis sp., Procloeon sp., Prosopistoma ocellatum Shi & Tong.	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFE4FFE00EC92577FD797B99.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 9 A). China (Hainan).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFEEFFE20EC92530FC547914.taxon	description	(Figs 7 A – D, 8 D – F)	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFEEFFE20EC92530FC547914.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (in ethanol). CHINA, Zhejiang: 3 nymphs, Ningbo City, Jiufeng Mountain, Wang’ao [ZJNB 01 Aa] (29 °. 855356 N, 121 °. 840133 E, alt. 62 m), 25. III. 2023, leg. Pengxu Mu, Danyang Zhou, (FAFU); 4 male and 6 female imagos, 5 male and 2 female subimagos, 6 nymphs, Ningbo City, Jiufeng Mountain, Ruiyan Temple [ZJNB 02 Aa] (29 °. 832934 N, 121 °. 867917 E, alt. 73 m), 25. V. 2023, leg. Danyang Zhou, (FAFU); 14 male and 6 female imagos, 1 male and 3 female subimagos, 12 nymphs, Wenzhou City, Jingtou Villiage [ZJWZ 01 Aa] (27 °. 503969 N, 120 °. 486747 E, alt. 66 m), 12. V. 2023, leg. Pengxu Mu; in ethanol, (FAFU). Complementary description of imago. Almost all crossveins of forewing, except those in costal and subcostal fields and wing base, regularly or roughly arranged into 5 – 6 rows (Figs 7 A – D). Complementary description of nymph. Spatulate bristles on upper faces of all femora with truncated apices and without median ridge (Fig. 8 D); hindtibia with row of pinnate bristles on inner surface and apical half of outer surface (Fig. 8 E); hindtarsus with pinnate bristles irregularly distributed on inner surfaces, densest at apex (Fig. 8 F).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFEEFFE20EC92530FC547914.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 9 A). China (Zhejiang).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
14558B19FFEEFFE20EC92530FC547914.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was first reported by Navás (1933) based on male imago and the genitalia were not illustrated. Braasch & Soldán (1986 b) transferred this species to the genus Compsoneuria Eaton, which was in accordance with their concept of Compsoneuria. Lei et al. (2021) redescribed the male imago and described the nymph and female imago of this species for the first time, and a neotype was designated because the types were lost. According to the description by the authors, all crossveins on forewings of adults are arranged into five rows, except those in C and Sc fields and wing base (Fig. 6 D, Lei et al. 2021). However, based on our specimens collected from the same localities as well as the figure offered by the authors (Fig. 5 B, Lei et al. 2021), this description is not accurate. Among the 25 male adults we examined, 12 individuals have similar arrangements of crossveins on forewings as stated by the authors, while the other 13 individuals have obviously different arrangements on both or single forewings as in Figs 7 B – D; as for female adults, all 17 individuals we examined have crossveins roughly arranged into six rows as in Fig. 7 A. Regulaneuria cingulata and R. chongchongae sp. nov. can be easily distinguished according to the following differences: In the imaginal stage, A) the arrangement of the crossveins on forewing (two rows in median field contiguous vs. two rows in median field not contiguous); B) the pattern on terga of abdomen (without sublateral spot vs. with pair dark brown sublateral spots); C) the styliger of male (with sublateral projections finger-like vs. with sublateral projections blister-like); in the nymphal stage, A) the lateral part of labrum (not expanded and with a round tip vs. slightly expanded and with a relatively sharpened tip); B) the bristles on upper face of femur (without median ridge vs. with two median ridges); C) the shape of tergalius VII (slightly convex at basal half and with a blunt apex vs. distinctly convex at basal half and with an acute apex).	en	Mu, Pengxu, Huang, Xiaolei (2023): Revision of the genus Regulaneuria (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5353 (3): 235-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.3.2
