identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
147BC44BC4452D52FF69FB3AC55D7911.text	147BC44BC4452D52FF69FB3AC55D7911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamispina Salazar-Vallejo 2014	<div><p>Lamispina Salazar-Vallejo, 2014</p><p>Lamispina Salazar-Vallejo, 2014: 38 .</p><p>Type species: Stylarioides schmidtii Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Flabelligerids with body cylindrical, tapered posteriorly. Cephalic cage variable, often well-developed. Branchiae cirriform, eight filaments, four arranged in a continuous posterior row, and two lateral groups each with two filaments. Body papillae cylindrical, capitate, sometimes with adhering sediment particles or forming projections, arranged in irregular bands, or completely covered by the tunic. Medial chaetigers with long, distally foliose neurochaetae (lamispines), often as long as body width; tips usually paler, soft, flexible.</p><p>Distribution. Lamispina species are present in subtropical to cold-temperate waters, from shallow water to about 3300 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC4452D52FF69FB3AC55D7911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.text	147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamispina polycerata Salazar-Vallejo 2020	<div><p>Lamispina polycerata n. sp.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AA753F35-C6C9-44D7-B154-1AC18148369B</p><p>Figures 2; 3; 8A, B</p><p>Diagnosis. Lamispina with few sand particles along dorsum; cephalic cage chaetae barely longer than body width; anterior margin of chaetiger 1 with 5–6 long, horn-shaped papillae; lamispines longer than body width, tips falcate, tapered.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (SIO A9842), AD 4987, Mound 12 West (08°55’51.60” N, 84°18’46.80” W), 999 m, 2 Nov. 2018, E. Cordes &amp; E Cowell, coll. [MW 172256].</p><p>Description. Holotype (SIO A9842), an anterior fragment, bent dorsally, now broken into two pieces; anterior region bent dorsally, ventrolaterally expanded medially, 6.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, cephalic cage chaetae 2 mm long, 16 chaetigers (Figs 2A; 8A, B); posterior region 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 11 chaetigers. Body pale, truncate anteriorly, tapered posteriorly. Tunic with a few sand particles adhering to papillae; papillae conical, mucronate, stiff; sand particles on median to posterior regions, not on anterior region. Dorsum with two transverse series of large papillae, four larger, forming longitudinal rows, at least along anterior chaetigers, posterior chaetigers with only two larger middorsal papillae rows. Venter with smaller conical papillae, 2–3 transverse rows per segment along a few anterior chaetigers, up to five rows per segment in median, and up to eight rows per segment in posterior chaetigers.</p><p>Cephalic cage chaetae slightly longer than body width; chaetigers 1–2 involved in cephalic cage with longer chaetae. Chaetiger 1 apparently damaged, with three notochaetae and one neurochaetae per side; chaetiger 2 with two notochaetae and seven neurochaetae. Chaetiger 3 with shorter chaetae, two notochaetae and seven neurochaetae, directed laterally.</p><p>Anterior end not observed in holotype; not dissected to avoid further damage. Living specimen (Fig. 8A) with palps pale, branchiae brownish, blunt or slightly tapered. Palps twice wider than branchiae and slightly longer than them. Other features unknown.</p><p>Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 papillose, papillae conical, middorsally with 5–6 larger ones (Figs 2B, C; 3A), middorsal papillae longest. Chaetigers 1–3 progressively longer. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage neurochaetae to body neurochaetae abrupt; lamispines present from chaetiger 4. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 2C).</p><p>Parapodia low transverse folds (Fig. 3B), more projected along posterior chaetigers. Notopodia dorsolateral, neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia with a longer basal papilla. Neuropodia with 2–3 longer papillae per segment.</p><p>Median notochaetae multiarticulated capillaries in fan-shaped bundles, up to 14 per side, longest ones twice longer than body width; articles anchylosed basally, medially 2–3 times longer than wide, progressively longer distally; tips straight (Fig. 3C). Neurochaetae in transverse rows, six per bundle, longest ones longer than body width; subdistally widened, tips falcate, acute (Fig. 3D).</p><p>Posterior region with parapodia slightly more projected laterally (Fig. 3E). Notochaetae and neurochaetae in fan-shaped bundles.</p><p>Posterior end processed for molecular studies; living specimen with posterior region tapered, chaetae progressively smaller (Fig. 8B); pygidium with anus terminal.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is made by combining the Greek words for many (polýs) and horns (kérata), becoming latinised to polycerata . This indicates the 5–6 horn-like larger papillae positioned over the anterior margin of first chaetiger. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).</p><p>Remarks. Lamispina polycerata n. sp. belongs in the species group having sand or other foreign particles on their tunic, together with L. ammophila Jimi &amp; Kajihara, 2018 from Japan, L. amoureuxi Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 from the northeastern Atlantic, and L. keeli Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 from the Gulf of Mexico. The latter differs by having sediment particles concentrated mid-dorsally, and lamispines with bifid tips, whereas L. polycerata and the other two species have sediment particles throughout their dorsum, and lamispines with entire tips. In L. ammophila, the cephalic cage chaetae are 1.5–2.0 times longer than body width, whereas in L. amoureuxi and L. polycerata they are shorter, slightly longer than body width. The main differences are that in L. polycerata sand particles are few and concentrated along median and posterior chaetigers, and median chaetigers have lamispines longer than body width, whereas sand particles are abundant, and lamispines are shorter than body width in L. ammophila and L. amoureuxi .</p><p>On the other hand, if L. polycerata would be regarded as without sand particles, especially after finding only the anterior region, it would be joined with other three species having papillae stiff or conical and lamispines falcate, subdistally widened: L. carrerai Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 from the NE Pacific, L. gymnopapillata (Hartmann-Schr̂der, 1965) from the SE Pacific, and L. horsti (Haswell, 1892) from southern Australia. The main difference would be that in L. polycerata the cephalic cage chaetae are slightly longer than body width, whereas the other species have them 2–6 times longer.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, off Pacific Costa Rica.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03.text	147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplocirrus Haase 1915	<div><p>Diplocirrus Haase, 1915, restricted</p><p>Diplocirrus: Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Buzhinskaja, 2011 (partim).</p><p>Type species: Trophonia glauca Malmgren, 1867, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis (emended). Flabelligerids with body swollen anteriorly, median and posterior regions cylindrical, often with constrictions between successive segments (moniliform). Cephalic cage made by chaetiger 1, with three or less chaetae per bundle, fragile. Integument thin, usually with short papillae, with mud particles or free of them. Branchial plate with eight branchial filaments of two types, anterior filaments cirriform and posterior filaments depressed, with longitudinal ridges. Parapodia never projected laterally. Notochaetae and neurochaetae sparse, usually smaller than body width. Neurochaetae completely multiarticulated.</p><p>Remarks. Støp-Bowitz (1948: 7) used the size of cephalic cage chaetae and papillae for separating Diplocirrus species, such that the type species, D. glaucus (Malmgren, 1867) has a few chaetae along the first few chaetigers, and short papillae, whereas D. hirsutus (Hansen, 1882) and D. longisetosus (von Marenzeller, 1890), have more chaetae, and longer papillae. Because specimens can be damaged, especially by breaking chaetae, Støp-Bowitz approach was not followed in the revision of the genus (Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Buzhinskaja 2011). As benthic sampling is being done more carefully, better preserved specimens would allow for an extended use of the cephalic cage development. However, the size of chaetae along median chaetigers is more emphasized because they are less frequently broken by sieving or similar processing of benthic samples.</p><p>Saphobranchia Chamberlin, 1919, reinstated, resembles Pherusa Oken, 1807 by having very long cephalic cage chaetae (2–3 times longer than body width), and scarce papillae along body; it also resembles some species of Lamispina Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 by having very long chaetae in median chaetigers (twice as body width). However, it differs from Pherusa because Saphobranchia has neurochaetae basally anchylosed, and medially and distally articulate, whereas Pherusa and Lamispina have them completely anchylosed, shorter and falcate in the former, longer and distally foliose in the latter. Saphobranchia resembles Diplocirrus by having multiarticulate neurochaetae, but in Saphobranchia the cephalic cage has more chaetae, and in median segments chaetal basal section is anchylosed, whereas in Diplocirrus there are a few chaetae in cephalic cage, and neurochaetae are completely articulated. The type of branchial filaments, size of chaetae, together with the presence of a basal anchylosed section in neurochaetae, and the development of the cephalic cage chaetae are the main characters that support the removal of some Diplocirrus species, and the recognition of Saphobranchia as a distinct genus.</p><p>As currently understood, Diplocirrus includes 22 species having cephalic cage chaetae variably developed, abundant small body papillae, or scarce ones along body, branchial filaments of two types and neurochaetae usually multiarticulate along their length, or with a basal section anchylosed (Darbyshire &amp; Mackie 2009, Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Buzhinskaja 2011, Teixeira et al. 2015, Jimi et al. 2017). Six of the species are herein transferred to Saphobranchia and are newly combined by having long chaetae, neurochaetae basally articulate, usually well-developed cephalic cage, and branchial filaments of one type: S. acafi (Teixeira, Rizzo &amp; Santos, 2015) n. comb., S. hirsuta (Hansen, 1882) n. comb., S. longisetosa (von Marenzeller, 1890), S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb., S. normani (McIntosh, 1908) n. comb., and S. octobranchia (Hartman, 1965) n. comb. Consequently, Diplocirrus is restricted and below is a key to species. Saphobranchia species can be separated as indicated in the separate key below.</p><p>Distribution. Arctic, Antarctic, and deep water environments in the northwestern and southwestern Atlantic, and central eastern Pacific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4422D56FF69FA3BC1F97AC0.text	147BC44BC4422D56FF69FA3BC1F97AC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplocirrus Haase 1915	<div><p>Key to species of Diplocirrus Haase, 1915, restricted</p><p>(modified from Jimi et al. 2017)</p><p>1 Body papillae abundant, short, giving a velvety appearance.................................................... 2</p><p>- Body papillae scarce, long, tunic looks bare............................................ Diplocirrus sp. Sri Lanka</p><p>2(1) Body without sand particles............................................................................. 3</p><p>- Body with sand particles.............................................................................. 11</p><p>3(2) Ventrolateral gonopores present in some anterior chaetigers .................................................... 4</p><p>- Ventrolateral gonopores absent ........................................................................... 9</p><p>4(3) First chaetiger with long chaetae, about half as long as body width; caruncle posteriorly expanded...................................................................................... .... D. erythroporus Gallardo, 1968 Vietnam</p><p>- Anterior end with short chaetae, 1/3–1/5 as long as body width; caruncle posteriorly tapered......................... 5</p><p>5(4) Branchiae with lamellae............................................................................... 6</p><p>- Branchia without lamellae.............................................................................. 7</p><p>6(5) Median chaetigers with neurochaetae tapered, 22–25 articles, and tip delicately falcate; cirriform branchiae with lamellae along basal 1/4–1/5 of each filament............................................ D. branchiatus (Rullier, 1965) Australia</p><p>- Median chaetigers with neurochaetae barely tapered, 8–11 articles, and tip markedly falcate; cirriform branchiae with lamellae along basal 1/3–1/2 of each filament.................................. D. nicolaji (Buzhinskaja, 1994) Russia, Japan</p><p>7(5) Dorsal branchiae as long as ventral ones; caruncle shorter than palp scar... D. mamoi Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p><p>- Dorsal branchiae shorter than ventral ones; caruncle longer than palp scar............................................................................................... D. asamushiensis Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p><p>8(3) Papillae digitate, longer than wide; chaetiger 1 with notochaetae fragile, if complete, as long as body width.. ............ 9</p><p>- Papillae hemispherical, about as long as wide; cephalic cage chaetae shorter than body width....................... 10</p><p>9(8) Median chaetigers with neurochaetae with articles slightly longer than wide; body brownish................................................................................................. D. capensis Day, 1961 South Africa</p><p>– Median chaetigers with neurochaetae with articles 4–6 times longer than wide; body yellowish................................................................................... D. imajimai Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p><p>10(8) Median chaetigers with 5–6 neurochaetae, shorter than notochaetae, with articles 2.0–2.5 times longer than wide.................................................... D. kudenovi Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Buzhinskaja, 2011 Eastern Pacific Ocean</p><p>- Median chaetigers with 2–3 neurochaetae, about as long as notochaetae, with articles 7–8 times longer than wide........................................................... D. stopbowitzi Darbyshire &amp; Mackie, 2009 Southern Irish Sea</p><p>11(2) Anterior chaetigers barely wider than following ones........................................................ 12</p><p>- Anterior chaetigers swollen, much wider than following ones................................................. 13</p><p>12(11) Some lateral papillae twice as long as in chaetal lobes................. D. rugosus Teixeira, Rizzo &amp; Santos, 2015 Brazil</p><p>- Lateral papillae shorter.. ............................................................ Diplocirrus sp. Morocco</p><p>13(11) Lateral papillae 1/25–1/5 as long as longest notochaetae..................................................... 14</p><p>- Lateral papillae 1/3–5/6 as long as longest notochaetae...................................................... 18</p><p>14(13) Ventrolateral gonopores present........................................................................ 15</p><p>- Ventrolateral gonopores absent......................................................................... 16</p><p>15(14) Cephalic cage well developed (2/3 as long as body width)............. D. ohtsukai Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p><p>- Cephalic cage poorly developed (1/4 as long as body width)....... D. salazarvallejoi Teixeira, Rizzo &amp; Santos, 2015 Brazil</p><p>16(14) Cephalic cage well developed (as long as body width)....................................................... 17</p><p>- Cephalic cage poorly developed (1/3 as long as body width)....... .. D. tohokuensis Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p><p>17(16) Neurochaetal rounded projection present in each article............ D. toyoshioae Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p><p>- Neurochaetal rounded projection absent..................................... D. glaucus (Malmgren, 1867) Norway</p><p>18(13) Lateral papillae in chaetal lobe short (1/3 as long as notochaeta); anterior part (roughly corresponding to chaetigers 1–3) not pigmented............................................. .. D. incognitus Darbyshire &amp; Mackie, 2009 South Africa</p><p>- Lateral papillae in chaetal lobe long (5/6 as long as notochaeta); anterior part (chaetigers 1–3) with rusty pigments.................................................................... D. seisuiae Jimi, Fujiwara &amp; Kajihara, 2017 Japan</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC4422D56FF69FA3BC1F97AC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4412D56FF69F987C6A478E9.text	147BC44BC4412D56FF69F987C6A478E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saphobranchia Chamberlin 1919	<div><p>Saphobranchia Chamberlin, 1919 reinstated</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4C21F5E4-610A-4FDA-BCE3-3FF8384F011E</p><p>Saphobranchia Chamberlin, 1919: 387 (key, etymology, type species).</p><p>Diplocirrus: Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Buzhinskaja, 2011 (partim).</p><p>Type species. Stylarioides longisetosus von Marenzeller, 1890, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Flabelligerids with body anteriorly swollen, tapered posteriorly. Cephalic cage made by chaetigers 1–2 (rarely only chaetiger 1), with more than four chaetae per bundle. Integument thin with long papillae, each with mud particles. Branchial plate with eight branchial filaments of one type, cirriform. Parapodia sometimes laterally projected. Notochaetae and neurochaetae abundant, usually as long as body width, or longer. Neurochaetae basally anchylosed, medially and distally multiarticulate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC4412D56FF69F987C6A478E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4402D58FF69FA2FC1F87DE9.text	147BC44BC4402D58FF69FA2FC1F87DE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saphobranchia Chamberlin 1919	<div><p>Key to species of Saphobranchia Chamberlin, 1919 reinstated</p><p>(Modified from Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Buzhinskaja 2011)</p><p>1 Body tunic without sand particles, or with a few sand and fine particles.......................................... 2</p><p>– Body tunic with sand particles; median chaetigers with 7–8 notochaetae per bundle; neurochaetae with long articles distally.................................................................................................... 7</p><p>2(1) Median chaetigers with notochaetae as long as body width; papillae very long, single; neurochaetal tips falcate (body often reddish).............................................. ... S. hirsuta (Hansen, 1882) n. comb. Arctic and subarctic</p><p>– Median chaetigers with notochaetae longer than body width................................................... 3</p><p>3(2) Median neurochaetae with distal articles barely longer than wide, tips straight; gonopodial lobes present................ 4</p><p>– Median neurochaetae with most articles markedly longer than wide; no gonopodial lobes............................ 5</p><p>4(3) Gonopodial lobes dark (papillae core and tip blackish); body papillae thick, digitate (body often grayish). .................................................................... S. normani (McIntosh, 1908) n. comb. Arctic and subarctic</p><p>– Gonopodial lobes pale; body papillae thin, filiform (body often pale)..................................................................................................... S. longisetosa (von Marenzeller, 1890) Gulf of Alaska</p><p>5(3) Median chaetigers with neurochaetal tips falcate.. ........................................................... 6</p><p>– Median chaetigers with neurochaetal tips straight, non-falcate.................. S. omorpha n. sp. Central eastern Pacific</p><p>6(5) Median chaetigers neurochaetae with basal anchylosed region 1/2–1/3 chaetal length, medial and distal regions with articles 4–5 times longer than wide, barely shorter with a very slight reduction distally......... S. ilys n. sp. Central eastern Pacific</p><p>– Median chaetigers neurochaetae with basal anchylosed region 1/5–1/6 chaetal length, medial and distal regions with articles about twice longer than wide, progressively smaller.......... S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb. Central eastern Pacific</p><p>7(1) Neurochaetal tips falcate............................................................................... 8</p><p>– Neurochaetal tips straight. .............................................................................. 9</p><p>8(7) Median chaetigers with notochaetae half as long as body width; median neuropodia with five neurochaetae per bundle; body wall and chaetae yellowish.. .................................... S. acafi (Teixeira, Rizzo &amp; Santos, 2015) n. comb.</p><p>– Median chaetigers with notochaetae slightly longer than body width; median neuropodia with eight neurochaetae per bundle; body wall and chaetae cinnamon in colour................................... S. canela n. sp. Central eastern Pacific</p><p>9(7) Sand particles restricted to the bases of papillae; neurochaetae with anchylosed region about 1/5 chaetal length........................................................... S. octobranchia (Hartman, 1965) n. comb. Northwestern Atlantic</p><p>– Sand particles fixed along the papillae; neurochaetae with anchylosed region 1/2–1/3 chaetal length. ................................................................................................ Saphobranchia sp. Antarctica</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC4402D58FF69FA2FC1F87DE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.text	147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saphobranchia canela Salazar-Vallejo 2020	<div><p>Saphobranchia canela n. sp.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 61599631-4468-48CA-B224-BAAC8F2DE8AB</p><p>Figures 4; 8 C–E</p><p>Diagnosis. Saphobranchia with tunic adhering sand particles, including dorsal papillae; median chaetigers with neurochaetal tips falcate, anchylosed region 1/2–1/3 chaetal length.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (SIO A1332), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.313&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.928" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.313/lat 8.928)">Alvin</a> dive 4502, Costa Rica Mound 12 (08°55’40.80” N, 84°18’46.80” W), 1000 m, 23 Feb. 2009, G. Rouse &amp; D. Huang, coll. [MW 172257] . Paratypes: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.840004&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.118" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.840004/lat 9.118)">One</a> specimen (SIO A1321), Alvin dive 4501, Costa Rica Mound 12 (08°55’48.00” N, 84°18’46.80” W), 1008 m, 22 Feb. 2009, G. Rouse &amp; D. Huang, coll. [MW 172258]. One specimen (SIO A1939), Alvin dive 4589, Mound 12 (08°55’48.00” N, 84°18’43.20” W), 998–1018 m, 10 Jan. 2010, G. Rouse, coll. [MW 172259]. An anterior fragment (SIO A9607), Alvin dive 4974, black slurp, Mound 12 (08°55’48.00” N, 84°18’46.80” W), 996 m, 20 Oct. 2018, L. Levin &amp; K. Metcalfe, coll. One specimen (SIO A9909), Alvin dive 4989 RedSlurp, Jaco Scar (09°07’04.80” N, 84°50’24.00” W), 1785 m, 4 Nov. 2018, L. Levin &amp; D. Casagrande, coll. [MW 172260, MW 172261, two specimens sequenced] .</p><p>Description. Holotype (SIO A1332), mature female, anterior fragment, brownish; chaetae cinnamon in colour. Body tapered, markedly contracted, introvert exposed, directed ventrally, anterior body wall eroded, venter anteriorly and posteriorly eroded, expanded (Fig. 4A); dorsum with sand particles, looks tuberculate; 9 mm long, 2 mm wide, cephalic cage chaetae 5 mm long, 21 chaetigers.</p><p>Tunic papillated, sediment particles include sand and silt, adherent along body and papillae (Fig. 8C). Dorsum with 2–3 transverse rows of papillae per segment, most damaged after removal of sand particles, two larger papillae in a row close to mid-dorsal line. Single larger blunt conical papillae in central notopodial fascicle, one inter-ramal, and another below neurochaetal fascicle (Fig. 4D). Venter with smaller, digitate papillae, 5–6 alternating rows per segment (Fig. 8D).</p><p>Anterior end exposed, slightly eroded, appendages detached (Fig. 4B). Branchiae marginal, eight scars of similar diameter. Palps size proportion to branchiae unknown. Nephridial lobe scars visible below bases of second lowermost branchiae. Prostomium slightly projected, caruncle short, reaching branchial plate. Eyes not seen. Upper and lower lips reduced, lateral lips massive, projected laterally. Living specimen with eight cirriform, branchial filaments of similar thickness, half as wide as palps, and slightly longer than them (Fig. 8E).</p><p>Cephalic cage chaetae 2.5 times longer than body width. Chaetigers 1–2 forming cephalic cage, distorted; right chaetae of chaetiger 1 directed posteriorly, those of chaetiger 2 directed anteriorly; chaetiger 3 with chaetae directed laterally, notochaetae 1/2–2/3 as long as those in previous chaetigers. Chaetae arranged in short rows, dorsolateral fan-shaped fascicles from chaetiger 3 to end of fragment.</p><p>Chaetiger 1 with six notochaetae and three neurochaetae per side, longest ones basally to medially anchylosed, distally articulated, shorter ones completely articulated, articles 4–6 times longer than wide, progressively longer. Chaetiger 2 with four notochaetae, and seven shorter neurochaetae, notochaetae 2/3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, anchylosed section progressively shorter in smaller chaetae; neurochaetae shorter, thicker than those of chaetiger 1, similar to those present in posterior chaetigers, 2–3 times longer than wide, slightly longer distally.</p><p>Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 eroded, without tunic, with two larger tapered papillae. Chaetigers 1–4 distorted, chaetigers 1–2 expanded, twice longer than following ones. No chaetal transition from cephalic cage chaetae to body chaetae; all neurochaetae multiarticulate. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 4C). Oocytes inside ovary, cinnamon in colour, no oil droplets between oocytes, each about 60–80 μm in diameter.</p><p>Parapodia poorly developed, chaetae emerge from body wall. Parapodia lateral; median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia with a larger central conical papilla, slightly larger than interramal papilla (Fig. 4D); neuropodia with a large, digitate basal papillae (conical before removal of sediment particles).</p><p>Median notochaetae arranged in short transverse rows, chaetal fascicles fan-shaped, directed dorsally, slightly longer than body width. All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; 9–10 per bundle, central notochaetae with basally anchylosed region half as long as total chaetae, 1–2 median articles twice longer than wide, then 4–5 times longer than wide, progressively longer distally, tips straight (Fig. 4E). Neurochaetae 2/3 as long as body width; 8 per bundle, anchylosed region 2/5–1/3 total length (Fig. 4F), 1–2 median articles as long as wide, or slightly longer than wide, progressively longer up to 3–4 times longer than wide subdistally; tips falcate (Fig. 4F, inset).</p><p>Posterior region unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Spanish word for cinnamon, canela, and indicates the cinnamon colour of chaetae and body wall. The Spanish word comes from the French canelle, or from the Italian canella, both meaning ‘small cane’ and in Spanish refers to the cinnamon tree cortex that, once dried, twists around itself forming small canes. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).</p><p>Variation. An anterior fragment from the type locality (SIO A1321) 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 16 chaetigers, cephalic cage chaetae broken 1 mm long. It has integument brownish, tunic partially eroded, a few sand particles in posterior segments; many chaetae broken including those of chaetigers 1–2; anterior end fully exposed, partially eroded, cephalic appendages lost; gonopodial lobes not seen. A small specimen from the type locality (SIO A1939) has the anterior end fully exposed, appendages detached, ventral pharyngeal organ everted, without posterior end; 15 mm long, 2 mm wide, 27 chaetigers. Anterior chaetigers damaged, many chaetae broken, cephalic cage chaetae 2.5 mm long, tunic granulose with sand particles; gonopodial lobes not seen. Median chaetigers have slightly less notochaetae, same number of neurochaetae, but body wall and chaetae are paler. The interramal papillae is as long as 1/5 notochaetal, or 2/5 neurochaetal length. Another fragment (SIO A9607) distorted, anterior end exposed, slightly eroded, cephalic appendages lost; 6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 10 chaetigers. Cephalic cage chaetae 6.5 mm long; chaetiger 1 with seven notochaetae and five neurochaetae; chaetiger 2 with 5–7 notochaetae, 2/3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, and 6–7 neurochaetae, about 1/3 as long as those of chaetiger 1. Chaetiger 3 with smaller chaetae, neurochaetae directed laterally. Gonopodial lobes not seen. Another paratype (SIO A9909) is almost complete, integument brownish, tunic with sand particles. Body anteriorly swollen, twisted medially, tapered posteriorly; 14 mm long, 2 mm wide (widest by chaetigers 5–6, 2.5 mm), cephalic cage 4 mm long, 29 chaetigers. Chaetigers 1–2 lateral, chaetiger 1 with five notochaetae, 3–4 neurochaetae; chaetiger 2 with three notochaetae half as long as those in chaetiger 1, and 5–6 neurochaetae directed anteriorly. Anterior end visible but not exposed, appendages detached. Median chaetigers with seven notochaetae and eight neurochaetae per bundle; reduced in size and number posteriorly.</p><p>Remarks. Saphobranchia canela n. sp. resembles S. acafi (Teixeira, Rizzo &amp; Santos, 2015) n. comb., because they have sand particles along body, median chaetigers with 7–8 notochaetae per bundle, and neurochaetae with long articles distally. Their main differences are the length of notochaetae, the number of neurochaetae along median chaetigers, and the pigmentation of body wall and chaetae. In S. canela, the notochaetae are longer than body width, there are eight neurochaetae per bundle, and body wall and chaetae are cinnamon in colour, whereas in S. acafi notochaetae are half as long as body width, there are five neurochaetae per bundle, and body wall and chaetae are yellowish.</p><p>On the other hand, S. canela n. sp. differs from the two other newly described species: S. ilys n. sp. and S. omorpha n. sp. especially because of the body wall and chaetal pigmentation, being brownish, or cinnamon in colour in the former species, because the two other species have a pale body wall, and paler chaetae.</p><p>Distribution. Off Pacific Costa Rica in 998–1785 m depth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.text	147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saphobranchia ilys Salazar-Vallejo 2020	<div><p>Saphobranchia ilys n. sp.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2D7FC8D5-5368-4CCC-B5A6-909FBB2B0C2F</p><p>Figures 5, 8F, G</p><p>Diagnosis. Saphobranchia with tunic without sand particles; median chaetigers with notochaetae longer than body width; neurochaetae with tips falcate, basal anchylosed region ½-1/3 chaetal length, articles 4–5 times longer than wide; no gonopodial lobes.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (SIO A9605), CR18-0028, Alvin dive 4973 slurp, Jaco Scar (09°07’04.80” N, 84°50’24.00” W), 1795 m, 19 Oct. 2018, V. Orphan &amp; N. Gallo, coll. [MW 172262] . Paratypes: Two fragments (SIO A9725), one anterior, one posterior, probably from same specimen, Alvin dive 4977, mussel pot 2, Jaco Scar (09°07’04.80” N, 84°50’24.00” W), 1783 m, 23 Oct. 2018, E. Cordes &amp; J. Klein, coll.</p><p>Description. Holotype (SIO A9605) mature female, without pygidium, greenish. Body anteriorly swollen, slightly bent laterally, tapered posteriorly (Figs 5A; 8F); 31 mm long, 2.5 mm wide (widest by chaetigers 5–6, 4 mm), cephalic cage 8 mm long, 31 chaetigers.</p><p>Tunic papillated, sediment particles mostly fine, adherent along body, and few larger sand particles, especially dorsally, and some dorsal papillae basally swollen (Fig. 5B). Venter with digitate to conical papillae, 3–4 times longer than wide. Papillae short, about 1/5–1/10 as long as notochaetae, about five rows per chaetiger, especially visible in median and posterior chaetigers, anterior dorsal surface slightly eroded. Venter with smaller papillae, digitate, about five rows per chaetiger (Fig. 8G).</p><p>Anterior end features not visible; not dissected to avoid further damage.</p><p>Cephalic cage chaetae 2–3 times longer than body width. Chaetigers 1–2 forming cephalic cage, chaetae direct-ed anteriorly; chaetiger 3 with less chaetae, notochaetae about half as long as those of chaetiger 2. Chaetae arranged in short rows, dorsolateral thin fascicles along chaetigers 4–7, in fan-shaped fascicles posteriorly.</p><p>Chaetiger 1 with 7–8 notochaetae, 3–4 neurochaetae, longest ones basally anchylosed, medially and distally articulated, shorter ones completely articulated, articles 3–4 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Chaetiger 2 with three thinner notochaetae, 2/3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, anchylosed section progressively shorter in smaller chaetae; neurochaetae shorter, 1/3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, articles 3–4 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Chaetigers 3–7 damaged, most chaetae broken.</p><p>Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 with 2 larger, conical papillae. Chaetigers 1–4 progressively longer. No chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae; all neurochaetae multiarticulate. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 5C). Oocytes seen in an ovary fragment, with oil droplets between them, each about 80–100 μm in diameter.</p><p>Parapodia poorly developed, chaetae emerge from body wall. Parapodia lateral; median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia with a larger, digitate postchaetal conical to digitate papillae along chaetigers 3–8; other notopodia and neuropodia with a few short papillae, each about as long as 1/5–1/10 notochaetal length (Fig. 5D).</p><p>Median notochaetae arranged in short transverse rows, chaetal fascicles fan-shaped, directed dorsally, up to twice longer than body width. All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; 9–10 per bundle, central notochaetae with basally anchylosed region up to half total length, basal chaetae fully articulated; articles 4–5 times longer than wide, becoming longer distally; tips straight (Fig. 5E). Neurochaetae about as long as body width; 7–8 per bundle, anchylosed region 1/2–2/5 total length, medially with articles 3–4 times longer than wide, progressively shorter distally; tips falcate (Fig. 5F, inset).</p><p>Posterior region cylindrical (Fig. 5G), posterior end unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is the Greek word for mud, feminine, is because of the presence of fine sediment particles in the tunic and covering papillae, as opposed to having sand particles on them. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).</p><p>Variation. A paratype (SIO A 9725) is 8 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 10 chaetigers; anteriormost left chaetigers removed, integument with fine sediment particles making dorsal papillae look digitate to conical; epizoic organisms on chaetae making them look pilose. Cephalic cage chaetae 6 mm long; chaetiger 1 with eight notochaetae and seven neurochaetae; chaetiger 2 with eight notochaetae, 4/5 as long as those of chaetiger 1, and seven neurochaetae, half as long as those of chaetiger 1. Chaetiger 3 with smaller chaetae, neurochaetae directed laterally. Posterior fragment with seven chaetigers, 4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide .</p><p>Remarks. Saphobranchia ilys n. sp. resembles S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb. from Western Mexico because they have long papillae, giving integument an hirsute appearance, by having a few sand particles along body, notochaetae far longer than body width in median chaetigers, and neurochaetae with articles longer than wide. They differ in neurochaetal features in median chaetigers. In S. ilys n. sp. articles are 4–5 times longer than wide, with a very slight reduction distally, and the anchylosed region is ½–1/3 chaetal length, whereas in S. micans they are progressively smaller, about twice longer than wide, and the anchylosed region is 1/5–1/6 chaetal length.</p><p>On the other hand, S. ilys n. sp. resembles S. omorpha n. sp. especially because both have pale body wall and brownish chaetae. They differ in the development of tunic papillae, associated sediment particles, parapodial development, and chaetal size in median chaetigers. In S. ilys n. sp. body wall is rugose because the dorsal papillae are short, blunt mainly with fine sediment and a few sand particles, parapodia are barely projected from the body wall, and chaetae are as long as body width. On the contrary, in S. omorpha n. sp. body wall is pilose because the fewer dorsal papillae are without sediment particles, or fine particles adhering forming a thin cover, parapodia are markedly projected laterally, and chaetae are up to 4 times longer than body width.</p><p>Distribution. Off Pacific Costa Rica, in 996–1784 m depth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.text	147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saphobranchia omorpha Salazar-Vallejo 2020	<div><p>Saphobranchia omorpha n. sp.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C97609B8-AF2E-413B-80C9-F45CC68CF5A2</p><p>Figures 6, 7, 8H, I</p><p>Diagnosis. Saphobranchia with tunic without sand particles; median chaetigers with notochaetae longer than body width; neurochaetae with tips straight, basal anchylosed region 1/3 chaetal length, articles 4–6 times longer than wide; no gonopodial lobes.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (SIO A9595), CR 18-0013, Alvin dive 4972, Jaco Scar (09°07’01.20” N, 84°50’24.00” W), 1784 m, 18 Oct. 2018, G. Rouse &amp; A. Hatch, coll. [MW 172264].</p><p>Description. Holotype (SIO A9595) originally with 32 chaetigers (Fig. 8H), 12 posterior chaetigers removed for molecular studies; now without posterior region. Body pale, anteriorly swollen, slightly bent laterally, broken along left margins of chaetigers 5–8, tapered medially and posteriorly, anterior chaetigers with notochaetae up to 9 times longer than body width; body wall broken along left size in chaetigers 5–8 (Fig. 6A); 13 mm long, 1 mm wide (widest by chaetigers 7–8, 2.8 mm), cephalic cage chaetae 6 mm long, 20 chaetigers (last one removed for a slide).</p><p>Tunic thin, without sand particles; papillae long, in about three different lengths, up to 10 times longer than wide, sparse, variably eroded along body, dorsally and ventrally of similar shape, shorter and more abundant ventrally (Figs 6D; 8I), and surrounding chaetal bundle bases (Fig. 6C, E).</p><p>Anterior end features not seen; one palp barely exposed, brownish; not dissected to avoid further damage.</p><p>Cephalic cage chaetae 2–3 times longer than body width. Chaetigers 1–2 forming cephalic cage, chaetae directed anteriorly; chaetiger 3 with notochaetae directed anteriorly, neurochaetae directed laterally. Chaetae arranged in short rows, notochaetae dorsolateral along body.</p><p>Chaetiger 1 with 7–8 notochaetae, 3–4 neurochaetae, longest ones basally to medially anchylosed, shorter ones completely articulated, articles 3–4 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Chaetiger 2 with 7 thinner notochaetae, 4/5 as long as those of chaetiger 1 or of similar size, anchylosed region progressively shorter in smaller chaetae; neurochaetae thicker, 11–12 per bundle, some with adsorbed brownish particles along their length, articles 2–3 times longer than wide, slightly longer distally.</p><p>Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 with several papillae and two small blunt conical projections internal to notochaetae (Fig. 6B), also visible in chaetiger 2. Chaetigers 1–4 of similar length. No chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae; all neurochaetae multiarticulated. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 6D). Testis seen through broken body wall, confirmed by abundant spherical spermatids within gonad.</p><p>Parapodia laterally projected from body wall; parapodia lateral, median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia and neuropodia surrounded by several cylindrical papillae (Fig. 7A); papillae covered by a very thin tunic (Fig. 7B), longest papillae about as 1/13 as long as longest notochaetae, or 1/11 as long as longest neurochaetae.</p><p>Median notochaetae arranged in short transverse rows, chaetal fascicles fan-shaped, directed dorsally, at least 5 times longer than body width. All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; 14 per bundle, central notochaetae with basally anchylosed region about 1/3 chaetal length (Fig. 7C), basal notochaetae with a shorter anchylosed region, not fully articulated; articles 4–6 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Neurochaetae twice longer than body width, nine per bundle, central neurochaetae with anchylosed region 1/3 as long as chaetal length, medially with articles 3–4 times longer than wide, progressively longer distally (Fig. 7D), tips straight (Fig. 7D, inset).</p><p>Posterior region cylindrical, tapered (seen in photos before cropping for molecular studies); pygidium unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Greek ómorphos, beautiful, masculine, latinised and declined in feminine, for referring to the beauty of the specimen. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).</p><p>Remarks. Saphobranchia omorpha n. sp. groups with S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb., and S. ilys n. sp. because their bodies do not have abundant sand particles adhered on tunic, and their notochaetae are longer than body width. Their main difference after the key above is the type of neurochaetal tips. In S. omorpha n. sp. they are straight whereas in S. micans and S. ilys n. sp., they are falcate. Another conspicuous difference is the size of chaetae, because in S. omorpha n. sp. they are very long, more than 10 times longer than body width, whereas in the two other species, they can be up to 5 times as long.</p><p>An additional comparison might be needed because S. omorpha n. sp. and S. ilys share pale body wall and brownish chaetae. As indicated above, their main differences are in the development of tunic papillae, associated sediment particles, parapodial development, and chaetal size in median chaetigers. Saphobranchia omorpha n. sp. has a pilose body wall because the scarce dorsal papillae lack sediment particles, or have fine particles forming a thin layer, parapodia are clearly projected laterally, and chaetae are up to 4 times longer than body width. On the contrary, S. ilys n. sp. has a rugose body wall because dorsal papillae are short, blunt mainly with fine sediment, and a few sand particles, parapodia are slightly projected from the body wall, and chaetae are as long as body width.</p><p>Distribution. Off Pacific Costa Rica, in 1784 m depth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
