taxonID	type	description	language	source
147BC44BC4452D52FF69FB3AC55D7911.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Stylarioides schmidtii Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924, by original designation.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D52FF69FB3AC55D7911.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Flabelligerids with body cylindrical, tapered posteriorly. Cephalic cage variable, often well-developed. Branchiae cirriform, eight filaments, four arranged in a continuous posterior row, and two lateral groups each with two filaments. Body papillae cylindrical, capitate, sometimes with adhering sediment particles or forming projections, arranged in irregular bands, or completely covered by the tunic. Medial chaetigers with long, distally foliose neurochaetae (lamispines), often as long as body width; tips usually paler, soft, flexible.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D52FF69FB3AC55D7911.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lamispina species are present in subtropical to cold-temperate waters, from shallow water to about 3300 m.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	description	Figures 2; 3; 8 A, B	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lamispina with few sand particles along dorsum; cephalic cage chaetae barely longer than body width; anterior margin of chaetiger 1 with 5 – 6 long, horn-shaped papillae; lamispines longer than body width, tips falcate, tapered.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (SIO A 9842), AD 4987, Mound 12 West (08 ° 55 ’ 51.60 ” N, 84 ° 18 ’ 46.80 ” W), 999 m, 2 Nov. 2018, E. Cordes & E Cowell, coll. [MW 172256].	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	description	Description. Holotype (SIO A 9842), an anterior fragment, bent dorsally, now broken into two pieces; anterior region bent dorsally, ventrolaterally expanded medially, 6.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, cephalic cage chaetae 2 mm long, 16 chaetigers (Figs 2 A; 8 A, B); posterior region 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 11 chaetigers. Body pale, truncate anteriorly, tapered posteriorly. Tunic with a few sand particles adhering to papillae; papillae conical, mucronate, stiff; sand particles on median to posterior regions, not on anterior region. Dorsum with two transverse series of large papillae, four larger, forming longitudinal rows, at least along anterior chaetigers, posterior chaetigers with only two larger middorsal papillae rows. Venter with smaller conical papillae, 2 – 3 transverse rows per segment along a few anterior chaetigers, up to five rows per segment in median, and up to eight rows per segment in posterior chaetigers. Cephalic cage chaetae slightly longer than body width; chaetigers 1 – 2 involved in cephalic cage with longer chaetae. Chaetiger 1 apparently damaged, with three notochaetae and one neurochaetae per side; chaetiger 2 with two notochaetae and seven neurochaetae. Chaetiger 3 with shorter chaetae, two notochaetae and seven neurochaetae, directed laterally. Anterior end not observed in holotype; not dissected to avoid further damage. Living specimen (Fig. 8 A) with palps pale, branchiae brownish, blunt or slightly tapered. Palps twice wider than branchiae and slightly longer than them. Other features unknown. Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 papillose, papillae conical, middorsally with 5 – 6 larger ones (Figs 2 B, C; 3 A), middorsal papillae longest. Chaetigers 1 – 3 progressively longer. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage neurochaetae to body neurochaetae abrupt; lamispines present from chaetiger 4. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 2 C). Parapodia low transverse folds (Fig. 3 B), more projected along posterior chaetigers. Notopodia dorsolateral, neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia with a longer basal papilla. Neuropodia with 2 – 3 longer papillae per segment. Median notochaetae multiarticulated capillaries in fan-shaped bundles, up to 14 per side, longest ones twice longer than body width; articles anchylosed basally, medially 2 – 3 times longer than wide, progressively longer distally; tips straight (Fig. 3 C). Neurochaetae in transverse rows, six per bundle, longest ones longer than body width; subdistally widened, tips falcate, acute (Fig. 3 D). Posterior region with parapodia slightly more projected laterally (Fig. 3 E). Notochaetae and neurochaetae in fan-shaped bundles. Posterior end processed for molecular studies; living specimen with posterior region tapered, chaetae progressively smaller (Fig. 8 B); pygidium with anus terminal.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet is made by combining the Greek words for many (polýs) and horns (kérata), becoming latinised to polycerata. This indicates the 5 – 6 horn-like larger papillae positioned over the anterior margin of first chaetiger. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lamispina polycerata n. sp. belongs in the species group having sand or other foreign particles on their tunic, together with L. ammophila Jimi & Kajihara, 2018 from Japan, L. amoureuxi Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 from the northeastern Atlantic, and L. keeli Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 from the Gulf of Mexico. The latter differs by having sediment particles concentrated mid-dorsally, and lamispines with bifid tips, whereas L. polycerata and the other two species have sediment particles throughout their dorsum, and lamispines with entire tips. In L. ammophila, the cephalic cage chaetae are 1.5 – 2.0 times longer than body width, whereas in L. amoureuxi and L. polycerata they are shorter, slightly longer than body width. The main differences are that in L. polycerata sand particles are few and concentrated along median and posterior chaetigers, and median chaetigers have lamispines longer than body width, whereas sand particles are abundant, and lamispines are shorter than body width in L. ammophila and L. amoureuxi. On the other hand, if L. polycerata would be regarded as without sand particles, especially after finding only the anterior region, it would be joined with other three species having papillae stiff or conical and lamispines falcate, subdistally widened: L. carrerai Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 from the NE Pacific, L. gymnopapillata (Hartmann-Schr ̂ der, 1965) from the SE Pacific, and L. horsti (Haswell, 1892) from southern Australia. The main difference would be that in L. polycerata the cephalic cage chaetae are slightly longer than body width, whereas the other species have them 2 – 6 times longer.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4452D54FF69F9CDC7917C6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality, off Pacific Costa Rica.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Trophonia glauca Malmgren, 1867, by original designation.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (emended). Flabelligerids with body swollen anteriorly, median and posterior regions cylindrical, often with constrictions between successive segments (moniliform). Cephalic cage made by chaetiger 1, with three or less chaetae per bundle, fragile. Integument thin, usually with short papillae, with mud particles or free of them. Branchial plate with eight branchial filaments of two types, anterior filaments cirriform and posterior filaments depressed, with longitudinal ridges. Parapodia never projected laterally. Notochaetae and neurochaetae sparse, usually smaller than body width. Neurochaetae completely multiarticulated.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Støp-Bowitz (1948: 7) used the size of cephalic cage chaetae and papillae for separating Diplocirrus species, such that the type species, D. glaucus (Malmgren, 1867) has a few chaetae along the first few chaetigers, and short papillae, whereas D. hirsutus (Hansen, 1882) and D. longisetosus (von Marenzeller, 1890), have more chaetae, and longer papillae. Because specimens can be damaged, especially by breaking chaetae, Støp-Bowitz approach was not followed in the revision of the genus (Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja 2011). As benthic sampling is being done more carefully, better preserved specimens would allow for an extended use of the cephalic cage development. However, the size of chaetae along median chaetigers is more emphasized because they are less frequently broken by sieving or similar processing of benthic samples. Saphobranchia Chamberlin, 1919, reinstated, resembles Pherusa Oken, 1807 by having very long cephalic cage chaetae (2 – 3 times longer than body width), and scarce papillae along body; it also resembles some species of Lamispina Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 by having very long chaetae in median chaetigers (twice as body width). However, it differs from Pherusa because Saphobranchia has neurochaetae basally anchylosed, and medially and distally articulate, whereas Pherusa and Lamispina have them completely anchylosed, shorter and falcate in the former, longer and distally foliose in the latter. Saphobranchia resembles Diplocirrus by having multiarticulate neurochaetae, but in Saphobranchia the cephalic cage has more chaetae, and in median segments chaetal basal section is anchylosed, whereas in Diplocirrus there are a few chaetae in cephalic cage, and neurochaetae are completely articulated. The type of branchial filaments, size of chaetae, together with the presence of a basal anchylosed section in neurochaetae, and the development of the cephalic cage chaetae are the main characters that support the removal of some Diplocirrus species, and the recognition of Saphobranchia as a distinct genus. As currently understood, Diplocirrus includes 22 species having cephalic cage chaetae variably developed, abundant small body papillae, or scarce ones along body, branchial filaments of two types and neurochaetae usually multiarticulate along their length, or with a basal section anchylosed (Darbyshire & Mackie 2009, Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja 2011, Teixeira et al. 2015, Jimi et al. 2017). Six of the species are herein transferred to Saphobranchia and are newly combined by having long chaetae, neurochaetae basally articulate, usually well-developed cephalic cage, and branchial filaments of one type: S. acafi (Teixeira, Rizzo & Santos, 2015) n. comb., S. hirsuta (Hansen, 1882) n. comb., S. longisetosa (von Marenzeller, 1890), S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb., S. normani (McIntosh, 1908) n. comb., and S. octobranchia (Hartman, 1965) n. comb. Consequently, Diplocirrus is restricted and below is a key to species. Saphobranchia species can be separated as indicated in the separate key below.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4432D55FF69F953C5A27A03.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Arctic, Antarctic, and deep water environments in the northwestern and southwestern Atlantic, and central eastern Pacific.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4412D56FF69F987C6A478E9.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Stylarioides longisetosus von Marenzeller, 1890, by original designation.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC4412D56FF69F987C6A478E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Flabelligerids with body anteriorly swollen, tapered posteriorly. Cephalic cage made by chaetigers 1 – 2 (rarely only chaetiger 1), with more than four chaetae per bundle. Integument thin with long papillae, each with mud particles. Branchial plate with eight branchial filaments of one type, cirriform. Parapodia sometimes laterally projected. Notochaetae and neurochaetae abundant, usually as long as body width, or longer. Neurochaetae basally anchylosed, medially and distally multiarticulate.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	description	Figures 4; 8 C – E	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Saphobranchia with tunic adhering sand particles, including dorsal papillae; median chaetigers with neurochaetal tips falcate, anchylosed region 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 chaetal length.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (SIO A 1332), Alvin dive 4502, Costa Rica Mound 12 (08 ° 55 ’ 40.80 ” N, 84 ° 18 ’ 46.80 ” W), 1000 m, 23 Feb. 2009, G. Rouse & D. Huang, coll. [MW 172257]. Paratypes: One specimen (SIO A 1321), Alvin dive 4501, Costa Rica Mound 12 (08 ° 55 ’ 48.00 ” N, 84 ° 18 ’ 46.80 ” W), 1008 m, 22 Feb. 2009, G. Rouse & D. Huang, coll. [MW 172258]. One specimen (SIO A 1939), Alvin dive 4589, Mound 12 (08 ° 55 ’ 48.00 ” N, 84 ° 18 ’ 43.20 ” W), 998 – 1018 m, 10 Jan. 2010, G. Rouse, coll. [MW 172259]. An anterior fragment (SIO A 9607), Alvin dive 4974, black slurp, Mound 12 (08 ° 55 ’ 48.00 ” N, 84 ° 18 ’ 46.80 ” W), 996 m, 20 Oct. 2018, L. Levin & K. Metcalfe, coll. One specimen (SIO A 9909), Alvin dive 4989 RedSlurp, Jaco Scar (09 ° 07 ’ 04.80 ” N, 84 ° 50 ’ 24.00 ” W), 1785 m, 4 Nov. 2018, L. Levin & D. Casagrande, coll. [MW 172260, MW 172261, two specimens sequenced].	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	description	Description. Holotype (SIO A 1332), mature female, anterior fragment, brownish; chaetae cinnamon in colour. Body tapered, markedly contracted, introvert exposed, directed ventrally, anterior body wall eroded, venter anteriorly and posteriorly eroded, expanded (Fig. 4 A); dorsum with sand particles, looks tuberculate; 9 mm long, 2 mm wide, cephalic cage chaetae 5 mm long, 21 chaetigers. Tunic papillated, sediment particles include sand and silt, adherent along body and papillae (Fig. 8 C). Dorsum with 2 – 3 transverse rows of papillae per segment, most damaged after removal of sand particles, two larger papillae in a row close to mid-dorsal line. Single larger blunt conical papillae in central notopodial fascicle, one inter-ramal, and another below neurochaetal fascicle (Fig. 4 D). Venter with smaller, digitate papillae, 5 – 6 alternating rows per segment (Fig. 8 D). Anterior end exposed, slightly eroded, appendages detached (Fig. 4 B). Branchiae marginal, eight scars of similar diameter. Palps size proportion to branchiae unknown. Nephridial lobe scars visible below bases of second lowermost branchiae. Prostomium slightly projected, caruncle short, reaching branchial plate. Eyes not seen. Upper and lower lips reduced, lateral lips massive, projected laterally. Living specimen with eight cirriform, branchial filaments of similar thickness, half as wide as palps, and slightly longer than them (Fig. 8 E). Cephalic cage chaetae 2.5 times longer than body width. Chaetigers 1 – 2 forming cephalic cage, distorted; right chaetae of chaetiger 1 directed posteriorly, those of chaetiger 2 directed anteriorly; chaetiger 3 with chaetae directed laterally, notochaetae 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 as long as those in previous chaetigers. Chaetae arranged in short rows, dorsolateral fan-shaped fascicles from chaetiger 3 to end of fragment. Chaetiger 1 with six notochaetae and three neurochaetae per side, longest ones basally to medially anchylosed, distally articulated, shorter ones completely articulated, articles 4 – 6 times longer than wide, progressively longer. Chaetiger 2 with four notochaetae, and seven shorter neurochaetae, notochaetae 2 / 3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, anchylosed section progressively shorter in smaller chaetae; neurochaetae shorter, thicker than those of chaetiger 1, similar to those present in posterior chaetigers, 2 – 3 times longer than wide, slightly longer distally. Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 eroded, without tunic, with two larger tapered papillae. Chaetigers 1 – 4 distorted, chaetigers 1 – 2 expanded, twice longer than following ones. No chaetal transition from cephalic cage chaetae to body chaetae; all neurochaetae multiarticulate. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 4 C). Oocytes inside ovary, cinnamon in colour, no oil droplets between oocytes, each about 60 – 80 μm in diameter. Parapodia poorly developed, chaetae emerge from body wall. Parapodia lateral; median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia with a larger central conical papilla, slightly larger than interramal papilla (Fig. 4 D); neuropodia with a large, digitate basal papillae (conical before removal of sediment particles). Median notochaetae arranged in short transverse rows, chaetal fascicles fan-shaped, directed dorsally, slightly longer than body width. All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; 9 – 10 per bundle, central notochaetae with basally anchylosed region half as long as total chaetae, 1 – 2 median articles twice longer than wide, then 4 – 5 times longer than wide, progressively longer distally, tips straight (Fig. 4 E). Neurochaetae 2 / 3 as long as body width; 8 per bundle, anchylosed region 2 / 5 – 1 / 3 total length (Fig. 4 F), 1 – 2 median articles as long as wide, or slightly longer than wide, progressively longer up to 3 – 4 times longer than wide subdistally; tips falcate (Fig. 4 F, inset). Posterior region unknown.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Spanish word for cinnamon, canela, and indicates the cinnamon colour of chaetae and body wall. The Spanish word comes from the French canelle, or from the Italian canella, both meaning ‘ small cane’ and in Spanish refers to the cinnamon tree cortex that, once dried, twists around itself forming small canes. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	description	Variation. An anterior fragment from the type locality (SIO A 1321) 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 16 chaetigers, cephalic cage chaetae broken 1 mm long. It has integument brownish, tunic partially eroded, a few sand particles in posterior segments; many chaetae broken including those of chaetigers 1 – 2; anterior end fully exposed, partially eroded, cephalic appendages lost; gonopodial lobes not seen. A small specimen from the type locality (SIO A 1939) has the anterior end fully exposed, appendages detached, ventral pharyngeal organ everted, without posterior end; 15 mm long, 2 mm wide, 27 chaetigers. Anterior chaetigers damaged, many chaetae broken, cephalic cage chaetae 2.5 mm long, tunic granulose with sand particles; gonopodial lobes not seen. Median chaetigers have slightly less notochaetae, same number of neurochaetae, but body wall and chaetae are paler. The interramal papillae is as long as 1 / 5 notochaetal, or 2 / 5 neurochaetal length. Another fragment (SIO A 9607) distorted, anterior end exposed, slightly eroded, cephalic appendages lost; 6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 10 chaetigers. Cephalic cage chaetae 6.5 mm long; chaetiger 1 with seven notochaetae and five neurochaetae; chaetiger 2 with 5 – 7 notochaetae, 2 / 3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, and 6 – 7 neurochaetae, about 1 / 3 as long as those of chaetiger 1. Chaetiger 3 with smaller chaetae, neurochaetae directed laterally. Gonopodial lobes not seen. Another paratype (SIO A 9909) is almost complete, integument brownish, tunic with sand particles. Body anteriorly swollen, twisted medially, tapered posteriorly; 14 mm long, 2 mm wide (widest by chaetigers 5 – 6, 2.5 mm), cephalic cage 4 mm long, 29 chaetigers. Chaetigers 1 – 2 lateral, chaetiger 1 with five notochaetae, 3 – 4 neurochaetae; chaetiger 2 with three notochaetae half as long as those in chaetiger 1, and 5 – 6 neurochaetae directed anteriorly. Anterior end visible but not exposed, appendages detached. Median chaetigers with seven notochaetae and eight neurochaetae per bundle; reduced in size and number posteriorly.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Saphobranchia canela n. sp. resembles S. acafi (Teixeira, Rizzo & Santos, 2015) n. comb., because they have sand particles along body, median chaetigers with 7 – 8 notochaetae per bundle, and neurochaetae with long articles distally. Their main differences are the length of notochaetae, the number of neurochaetae along median chaetigers, and the pigmentation of body wall and chaetae. In S. canela, the notochaetae are longer than body width, there are eight neurochaetae per bundle, and body wall and chaetae are cinnamon in colour, whereas in S. acafi notochaetae are half as long as body width, there are five neurochaetae per bundle, and body wall and chaetae are yellowish. On the other hand, S. canela n. sp. differs from the two other newly described species: S. ilys n. sp. and S. omorpha n. sp. especially because of the body wall and chaetal pigmentation, being brownish, or cinnamon in colour in the former species, because the two other species have a pale body wall, and paler chaetae.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44F2D59FF69FC95C705788B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Off Pacific Costa Rica in 998 – 1785 m depth.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	description	Figures 5, 8 F, G	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Saphobranchia with tunic without sand particles; median chaetigers with notochaetae longer than body width; neurochaetae with tips falcate, basal anchylosed region ½ - 1 / 3 chaetal length, articles 4 – 5 times longer than wide; no gonopodial lobes.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (SIO A 9605), CR 18 - 0028, Alvin dive 4973 slurp, Jaco Scar (09 ° 07 ’ 04.80 ” N, 84 ° 50 ’ 24.00 ” W), 1795 m, 19 Oct. 2018, V. Orphan & N. Gallo, coll. [MW 172262]. Paratypes: Two fragments (SIO A 9725), one anterior, one posterior, probably from same specimen, Alvin dive 4977, mussel pot 2, Jaco Scar (09 ° 07 ’ 04.80 ” N, 84 ° 50 ’ 24.00 ” W), 1783 m, 23 Oct. 2018, E. Cordes & J. Klein, coll.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	description	Description. Holotype (SIO A 9605) mature female, without pygidium, greenish. Body anteriorly swollen, slightly bent laterally, tapered posteriorly (Figs 5 A; 8 F); 31 mm long, 2.5 mm wide (widest by chaetigers 5 – 6, 4 mm), cephalic cage 8 mm long, 31 chaetigers. Tunic papillated, sediment particles mostly fine, adherent along body, and few larger sand particles, especially dorsally, and some dorsal papillae basally swollen (Fig. 5 B). Venter with digitate to conical papillae, 3 – 4 times longer than wide. Papillae short, about 1 / 5 – 1 / 10 as long as notochaetae, about five rows per chaetiger, especially visible in median and posterior chaetigers, anterior dorsal surface slightly eroded. Venter with smaller papillae, digitate, about five rows per chaetiger (Fig. 8 G). Anterior end features not visible; not dissected to avoid further damage. Cephalic cage chaetae 2 – 3 times longer than body width. Chaetigers 1 – 2 forming cephalic cage, chaetae direct-ed anteriorly; chaetiger 3 with less chaetae, notochaetae about half as long as those of chaetiger 2. Chaetae arranged in short rows, dorsolateral thin fascicles along chaetigers 4 – 7, in fan-shaped fascicles posteriorly. Chaetiger 1 with 7 – 8 notochaetae, 3 – 4 neurochaetae, longest ones basally anchylosed, medially and distally articulated, shorter ones completely articulated, articles 3 – 4 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Chaetiger 2 with three thinner notochaetae, 2 / 3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, anchylosed section progressively shorter in smaller chaetae; neurochaetae shorter, 1 / 3 as long as those of chaetiger 1, articles 3 – 4 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Chaetigers 3 – 7 damaged, most chaetae broken. Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 with 2 larger, conical papillae. Chaetigers 1 – 4 progressively longer. No chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae; all neurochaetae multiarticulate. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 5 C). Oocytes seen in an ovary fragment, with oil droplets between them, each about 80 – 100 μm in diameter. Parapodia poorly developed, chaetae emerge from body wall. Parapodia lateral; median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia with a larger, digitate postchaetal conical to digitate papillae along chaetigers 3 – 8; other notopodia and neuropodia with a few short papillae, each about as long as 1 / 5 – 1 / 10 notochaetal length (Fig. 5 D). Median notochaetae arranged in short transverse rows, chaetal fascicles fan-shaped, directed dorsally, up to twice longer than body width. All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; 9 – 10 per bundle, central notochaetae with basally anchylosed region up to half total length, basal chaetae fully articulated; articles 4 – 5 times longer than wide, becoming longer distally; tips straight (Fig. 5 E). Neurochaetae about as long as body width; 7 – 8 per bundle, anchylosed region 1 / 2 – 2 / 5 total length, medially with articles 3 – 4 times longer than wide, progressively shorter distally; tips falcate (Fig. 5 F, inset). Posterior region cylindrical (Fig. 5 G), posterior end unknown.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is the Greek word for mud, feminine, is because of the presence of fine sediment particles in the tunic and covering papillae, as opposed to having sand particles on them. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	description	Variation. A paratype (SIO A 9725) is 8 mm long, 2.8 mm wide, 10 chaetigers; anteriormost left chaetigers removed, integument with fine sediment particles making dorsal papillae look digitate to conical; epizoic organisms on chaetae making them look pilose. Cephalic cage chaetae 6 mm long; chaetiger 1 with eight notochaetae and seven neurochaetae; chaetiger 2 with eight notochaetae, 4 / 5 as long as those of chaetiger 1, and seven neurochaetae, half as long as those of chaetiger 1. Chaetiger 3 with smaller chaetae, neurochaetae directed laterally. Posterior fragment with seven chaetigers, 4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Saphobranchia ilys n. sp. resembles S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb. from Western Mexico because they have long papillae, giving integument an hirsute appearance, by having a few sand particles along body, notochaetae far longer than body width in median chaetigers, and neurochaetae with articles longer than wide. They differ in neurochaetal features in median chaetigers. In S. ilys n. sp. articles are 4 – 5 times longer than wide, with a very slight reduction distally, and the anchylosed region is ½ – 1 / 3 chaetal length, whereas in S. micans they are progressively smaller, about twice longer than wide, and the anchylosed region is 1 / 5 – 1 / 6 chaetal length. On the other hand, S. ilys n. sp. resembles S. omorpha n. sp. especially because both have pale body wall and brownish chaetae. They differ in the development of tunic papillae, associated sediment particles, parapodial development, and chaetal size in median chaetigers. In S. ilys n. sp. body wall is rugose because the dorsal papillae are short, blunt mainly with fine sediment and a few sand particles, parapodia are barely projected from the body wall, and chaetae are as long as body width. On the contrary, in S. omorpha n. sp. body wall is pilose because the fewer dorsal papillae are without sediment particles, or fine particles adhering forming a thin cover, parapodia are markedly projected laterally, and chaetae are up to 4 times longer than body width.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44D2D5BFF69FB46C70C79AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Off Pacific Costa Rica, in 996 – 1784 m depth.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	description	Figures 6, 7, 8 H, I	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Saphobranchia with tunic without sand particles; median chaetigers with notochaetae longer than body width; neurochaetae with tips straight, basal anchylosed region 1 / 3 chaetal length, articles 4 – 6 times longer than wide; no gonopodial lobes.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (SIO A 9595), CR 18 - 0013, Alvin dive 4972, Jaco Scar (09 ° 07 ’ 01.20 ” N, 84 ° 50 ’ 24.00 ” W), 1784 m, 18 Oct. 2018, G. Rouse & A. Hatch, coll. [MW 172264].	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	description	Description. Holotype (SIO A 9595) originally with 32 chaetigers (Fig. 8 H), 12 posterior chaetigers removed for molecular studies; now without posterior region. Body pale, anteriorly swollen, slightly bent laterally, broken along left margins of chaetigers 5 – 8, tapered medially and posteriorly, anterior chaetigers with notochaetae up to 9 times longer than body width; body wall broken along left size in chaetigers 5 – 8 (Fig. 6 A); 13 mm long, 1 mm wide (widest by chaetigers 7 – 8, 2.8 mm), cephalic cage chaetae 6 mm long, 20 chaetigers (last one removed for a slide). Tunic thin, without sand particles; papillae long, in about three different lengths, up to 10 times longer than wide, sparse, variably eroded along body, dorsally and ventrally of similar shape, shorter and more abundant ventrally (Figs 6 D; 8 I), and surrounding chaetal bundle bases (Fig. 6 C, E). Anterior end features not seen; one palp barely exposed, brownish; not dissected to avoid further damage. Cephalic cage chaetae 2 – 3 times longer than body width. Chaetigers 1 – 2 forming cephalic cage, chaetae directed anteriorly; chaetiger 3 with notochaetae directed anteriorly, neurochaetae directed laterally. Chaetae arranged in short rows, notochaetae dorsolateral along body. Chaetiger 1 with 7 – 8 notochaetae, 3 – 4 neurochaetae, longest ones basally to medially anchylosed, shorter ones completely articulated, articles 3 – 4 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Chaetiger 2 with 7 thinner notochaetae, 4 / 5 as long as those of chaetiger 1 or of similar size, anchylosed region progressively shorter in smaller chaetae; neurochaetae thicker, 11 – 12 per bundle, some with adsorbed brownish particles along their length, articles 2 – 3 times longer than wide, slightly longer distally. Anterior dorsal margin of chaetiger 1 with several papillae and two small blunt conical projections internal to notochaetae (Fig. 6 B), also visible in chaetiger 2. Chaetigers 1 – 4 of similar length. No chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae; all neurochaetae multiarticulated. Gonopodial lobes not seen (Fig. 6 D). Testis seen through broken body wall, confirmed by abundant spherical spermatids within gonad. Parapodia laterally projected from body wall; parapodia lateral, median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia and neuropodia surrounded by several cylindrical papillae (Fig. 7 A); papillae covered by a very thin tunic (Fig. 7 B), longest papillae about as 1 / 13 as long as longest notochaetae, or 1 / 11 as long as longest neurochaetae. Median notochaetae arranged in short transverse rows, chaetal fascicles fan-shaped, directed dorsally, at least 5 times longer than body width. All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; 14 per bundle, central notochaetae with basally anchylosed region about 1 / 3 chaetal length (Fig. 7 C), basal notochaetae with a shorter anchylosed region, not fully articulated; articles 4 – 6 times longer than wide medially, progressively longer distally. Neurochaetae twice longer than body width, nine per bundle, central neurochaetae with anchylosed region 1 / 3 as long as chaetal length, medially with articles 3 – 4 times longer than wide, progressively longer distally (Fig. 7 D), tips straight (Fig. 7 D, inset). Posterior region cylindrical, tapered (seen in photos before cropping for molecular studies); pygidium unknown.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is from the Greek ómorphos, beautiful, masculine, latinised and declined in feminine, for referring to the beauty of the specimen. The specific name is regarded as a noun in apposition (ICZN 1999, Art. 31.2).	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Saphobranchia omorpha n. sp. groups with S. micans (Fauchald, 1972) n. comb., and S. ilys n. sp. because their bodies do not have abundant sand particles adhered on tunic, and their notochaetae are longer than body width. Their main difference after the key above is the type of neurochaetal tips. In S. omorpha n. sp. they are straight whereas in S. micans and S. ilys n. sp., they are falcate. Another conspicuous difference is the size of chaetae, because in S. omorpha n. sp. they are very long, more than 10 times longer than body width, whereas in the two other species, they can be up to 5 times as long. An additional comparison might be needed because S. omorpha n. sp. and S. ilys share pale body wall and brownish chaetae. As indicated above, their main differences are in the development of tunic papillae, associated sediment particles, parapodial development, and chaetal size in median chaetigers. Saphobranchia omorpha n. sp. has a pilose body wall because the scarce dorsal papillae lack sediment particles, or have fine particles forming a thin layer, parapodia are clearly projected laterally, and chaetae are up to 4 times longer than body width. On the contrary, S. ilys n. sp. has a rugose body wall because dorsal papillae are short, blunt mainly with fine sediment, and a few sand particles, parapodia are slightly projected from the body wall, and chaetae are as long as body width.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
147BC44BC44C2D5EFF69F952C7547C0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Off Pacific Costa Rica, in 1784 m depth.	en	Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2020): Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 560-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.6
