taxonID	type	description	language	source
1B235532BC72FFC1FF575BC0FBC434C5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: CHINA. Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41 ° 48.30 ′ N, 121 ° 47.15 ′ E, on decaying branches, 2 September 2012, collected by Zhang Bo (Holotype, HMJAU 60224!).	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFC1FF575BC0FBC434C5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet “ liaoningensis ” refers to Liaoning, the location of the holotype.	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFC1FF575BC0FBC434C5.taxon	description	Description. Sporocarps grouped in small dense groups, Spherical to hemispherical 0.63 – 0.84 mm in diameter, crowded, sessile, yellow-white; Hypothallus profusely developed, white to cream-white. Peridium typically doublelayered, wrinkled, the ridges marking the line of dehiscence, dehiscing along the ridges into irregular and polyhedral fragments, the outer layer calcareous, composed of closely adherent lime granules, closely attached to the inner layer, light yellowish-brown; Columella white to pale yellow, clavate, rough; Capillitium abundant, light brown, one free and the other attached to the columella, branched and anastomosed, the ends shrink and form a thin line, 6.5 µm at the base, sometimes with membranous extensions at branching points, up to 16.5 µm in width, with brown swelling, up to 3 – 9 um in width; Spores black in mass, brown in transmitted light, spherical, with warts and a pale line, (12) 12.9 – 17.2 (18) µm in diameter. DFa = 0.75 ± 0.09 mm (TABLE 2), avR = 14.24 – 15.28 µm (TABLE 3).	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFC1FF575BC0FBC434C5.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution. On decaying branches in autumn.	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFC1FF575BC0FBC434C5.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. China. Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41 ° 47.37 ′ N, 121 ° 43.20 ′ E, on decaying branches, 1 September 2012, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60275, HMJAU 60276, HMJAU 60277); Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41 ° 47.48 ′ N, 121 ° 43.20 ′ E, on decaying branches, 1 September 2012, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60279, HMJAU 60280), HMJAU 60281, HMJAU 60285, HMJAU 60286, HMJAU 60225, HMJAU 60227); Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41 ° 48.30 ′ N, 121 ° 47.15 ′ E, on decaying branches, 2 September 2012, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60226).	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFC1FF575BC0FBC434C5.taxon	discussion	Notes. Diderma liaoningensis is characterized by grouped sporocarps, the sporocyst with dehiscence lines, capillitium with large brown swelling, and the spore encircled by a pale line. Morphologically and phylogenetically, D. liaoningensis is significantly related to D. crustaceum (Chou 1978; Buyck 1982), D. subdictyospermum (Thind and Lakhanpal 1968; Liu and Chen et al. 1999; Lado et al. 2003), and D. cingulatum (Chou 1978; Nannenga-Bremekamp 1968) based on its white globes to hemispheric sporocarps and its white to yellowish-white columella. However, D. liaoningensis differs from D. crustaceum due to its sporocyst with dehiscence lines, closely adherent inner-outer layers peridium, and spore size and ornamentation. The spores of D. liaoningensis [(12) 12.9 – 17.2 (18) µm in diameter] are larger than those of D. crustaceum (10 – 12 µm in diameter). The spore of the D. liaoningensis has been encircled by a pale line. D. liaoningensis is easily confused with D. cingulatum due to their highly similar morphology. However, D. liaoningensis is differed from D. cingulatum by its spherical spore, and its capillitia with larger membranous extensions. D. liaoningensi can be distinguished from D. subdictyospermum by its larger spore and spore decoration. The spores of D. liaoningensis are (12) 12.9 – 17.2 (18) µm in diameter and have ridges about 2 µm high, whereas the spore of D. subdictyospermum is smaller (10 – 12 µm in diameter) than D. liaoningensis.	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFCCFF575D78FAFF3106.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: CHINA. Jilin Province: Yanji Prefecture, Antu County, Changbai Mountain Large Sample Site, 43 ° 15.62 ′ N, 127 ° 59.24 ′ E, on decaying leaves, 17 October 2017, collected by Bo Zhang (Holotype, HMJAU 60258!).	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFCCFF575D78FAFF3106.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet “ verrucocapillitia ” refers to the capillitium with verrucose.	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFCCFF575D78FAFF3106.taxon	description	Description. Sporocarps or ring-shaped plasmodiocarps depressed, cushioned, 0.5 mm in diameter, mostly forming branched, often forming ring-shaped, (1.0) 4.7 × 0.6 (3.2) mm, sometimes forming a net, up to 60 × 90 mm, white or cream, reddish-brown or blackish-brown when covered by leaves or others; Hypothallus white, not developed; Peridium double, outer layer limy, thick, fragile, smooth, inner layer membranous, greyish white, dark yellow-brown at the base, sometimes with a metallic appearance; Columella thinned dark yellow-brown at the base; Capillitium threads brown, reddish, 2.5 – 3.5 μm in diameter, branched, with membranous extensions, bearing long dark spines; Spores red-purple in mass, red-brown in transmitted light, (8.4) 9.2 – 13.3 (14.9) μm in diameter, with verrucose. La = 2.62 ± 1.45, Wa = 1.69 ± 0.86 (TABLE 2), avR = 9.53 – 12.34 (TABLE 3).	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFCCFF575D78FAFF3106.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution. On decaying leaves in autumn.	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFCCFF575D78FAFF3106.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. China. Jilin Province: Yanji Prefecture, Antu County, Changbai Mountain Large Sample Site, 43 ° 15.62 ′ N, 127 ° 59.24 ′ E, on decaying leaves, 17 October 2017, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60259); Jilin Province: Yanji Prefecture, Antu County, Changbai Mountain Large Sample Site, 43 ° 15.75 ′ N, 127 ° 59.32 ′ E, on decaying leaves, 17 October 2017, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60268, HMJAU 60269).	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
1B235532BC72FFCCFF575D78FAFF3106.taxon	discussion	Notes. Diderma verrucocapillitia is characterized by depressed plasmodiocarps, verrucose capillitium, and redbrown spores. In terms of morphology, D. verrucocapillitia resembles D. deplanatum (Buyck 1982; Chou 1978) in their cushioned sporocyst, either plasmodiocarps or forming rings capillitia with bearing spiny or nodular enlargements. However, D. verrucocapillitia can be distinguished from D. deplanatum by its dark yellow-brown and thinned columella, brown capillitium with membranous extensions and dark tubercle, red-brown spores without spiny.	en	Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo, Li, Yu (2022): Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4
