taxonID	type	description	language	source
BA5F4105DA975B478F30EC64AE0EE49C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Codonoboea norakhirrudiniana is most similar to C. anthonyi (Kiew) C. L. Lim in its 12 - 19 cm-long oblanceolate leaf lamina that is glabrous above and is narrowed to the base; in its 3 - 4 - flowered inflorescences with peduncles less than 10 cm long, but it is distinct in being a robust herb with a stem to 60 cm tall and 6 - 7 mm thick (not to 40 cm tall and to 6 mm thick in C. anthonyi), the stem and petioles with persistent dense pubescence (not glabrescent), the lower leaves are distant (not with all leaves in a tuft at apex), the peduncle is 4.5 - 6 cm long (not 6 - 8.5 (- 11) cm long) and the flowers are uniformly pale lavender (not pale lavender with deep purple upper lobes).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
BA5F4105DA975B478F30EC64AE0EE49C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Peninsular Malaysia. Terengganu, Hulu Terengganu, Tembat Forest Reserve, 5 ° 12.51 ' N 102 ° 34.22 ' E, 2 April 2010 Mohd Hairul, M. A. et al. FRI 70907 (holotype KEP; iso. SAN).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
BA5F4105DA975B478F30EC64AE0EE49C.taxon	description	Description. Robust, erect, unbranched herb. Stem woody, outer layer corky, 16 - 30 (- 60) cm tall, 6 - 7 mm diameter; stem and petiole with persistent, thick matted pubescence. Leaves opposite, in a tuft at the top of the stem, lower pairs equal and 0.5 - 1 (- 3) cm apart; petioles stout, 0.7 - 1.3 cm long, deeply grooved above; lamina oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, thinly leathery, glabrous above, 12.5 - 20 x 3 - 6 cm, matt, dark green above, whitish-green beneath, drying dark brown above, narrowed into the petiole, margin minutely dentate, teeth to 1.5 mm long, apex acute; midrib and veins in life impressed above, prominent beneath, lateral veins 13 - 21 pairs; beneath midrib hispid, lateral veins and margin densely and minutely hispid. Inflorescence a pair-flowered cyme with (2 -) 3 - 4 flowers, erect from the upper leaf axils, ca. 3 produced from a single leaf axil and the base of the petiole (epiphyllous), peduncle rosy purple or maroon, 4.5 - 6 cm long, bract pair pale green, linear, 5 - 8 x ca. 2 mm, pedicels maroon, purple or brown, 5 - 9 mm long; peduncle, pedicel and calyx densely hispid, hairs non-glandular. Flowers: buds white; calyx brownish-green, 5 - lobed divided almost to the base, lobes narrow, 4 - 4.5 x 0.75 mm, apex acute, keeled, pubescent outside with hairs to 1 mm long, glabrous inside; corolla campanulate, plain pale lavender, 9 - 13 mm long, throat white inside, minutely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, tube 5 - 7.5 x 3.5 - 4 mm, lobes 5, bluntly rounded, upper two, 3.5 - 5 x 4 - 5 mm, strongly reflexed, lateral lobes ca. 4 x 4 - 5 mm, median lobe ca. 4.5 - 5 x 5 - 6 mm; stamens 2, joined at corolla base and included in corolla tube, filaments white, stout or expanded at the base, 2 - 2.5 x 0.5 - 1.5 mm, anthers white, broadly sagittate, 1.5 - 1.75 x ca. 1.5 mm, cohering face-to-face, staminodes 2, vestigial, ca. 0.75 mm long; nectary annular, minute, ca. 0.2 mm high; ovary and style densely and minutely pubescent, ovary white, 4 - 4.5 mm long, style white, ca. 4 mm long projecting beyond the upper corolla lobes, stigma rounded, minute, ca. 0.5 x 1 mm. Fruits slender, cylindric, 24 - 40 x 1 - 2 mm, dehiscing along the upper suture; pedicel 7 - 15 mm.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
BA5F4105DA975B478F30EC64AE0EE49C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, known only from Tembat Forest Reserve, Hulu Terengganu District.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
BA5F4105DA975B478F30EC64AE0EE49C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Dato' Indera Hj. Nor Akhirrudin bin Mahmud, formerly Director-General of the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia, a strong advocate of conservation, who introduced the system of raising the level of protection by the designation of forest reserves as High Conservation Value Forests.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
BA5F4105DA975B478F30EC64AE0EE49C.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Terengganu: Hulu Terengganu, Tembat Forest Reserve - Mohd Hairul, M. A. et al. FRI 60919 (KEP), Mohd Hairul, M. A. et al. FRI 70907 (KEP, SAN), Kamarul, M. et al. FRI 66338 (KEP), Kamarul, M. et al. FRI 67125 (KEP, L, SAN, SING), Kamarul, M. et al. FRI 67147 (KEP, L, SAN, SING), Nor Ezzawanis, A. T. et al. FRI 58126 (KEP, K, SAN, SAR, SING), Ummul Nazrah, A. R. et al. FRI 57005 (KEP, SING), Ummul Nazrah, A. R. et al. FRI 57035 (KEP).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
79A461B0C59A5BD5B2826A868EB3BA4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In its extremely narrow leaves, less than 2 cm wide and more than eight times longer than wide, it resembles the other two Peninsular Malaysian rheophytic Codonoboea species, C. densifolia and C. salicina. It shares with C. salicina the serrate leaf margin, but it differs in its leaves that have more lateral veins (33 - 36 pairs vs. 13 - 18 pairs in C. salicina) and from C. densifolia that has a leaf with an entire margin. Codonoboea rheophytica differs from both in its sessile leaves (vs. shortly petiolate, petioles 0.5 - 1.5 cm long), single flowers (not in inflorescences with 2 - 4 flowers) and longer corolla tube 30 - 40 x 7 - 12 mm (vs. 8 - 9 x 4.5 mm in C. densifolia and 3.3 x 3.7 mm in C. salicina) and longer fruit 3 - 4.5 cm long (vs. 1.5 - 3 cm long). Amongst species with similar solitary flowers with a large trumpet-shaped corolla, included stamens, annular nectary ca. 1 mm tall and a large peltate stigma and sessile leaves with a serrate margin, it most resembles Codonoboea crinita that has relatively narrow leaves (13.5 -) 18 (- 24) x (3 -) 3.5 (- 4.5) cm. It differs from C. crinita in its much narrower leaves (0.8 - 1.3 cm wide and 14 - 17 times longer than wide), in its lamina that is glabrous above, except for the midrib (vs. densely hairy in C. crinita), 33 - 34 pairs of lateral veins, (vs. 22 - 28 (- 34) pairs) and shorter fruit 2.8 - 4.3 cm long (vs. 5.5 - 8 cm long). In addition, the leaves of C. crinita are usually deep purple beneath and have a broad silver-grey band along the midrib on the upper surface. Codonoboea crinita grows on soil and is very rarely recorded as a lithophyte and, in spite of being a common and widespread species, it has never been recorded as growing on rocks in rivers or even on river banks.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
79A461B0C59A5BD5B2826A868EB3BA4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Peninsular Malaysia. Terengganu, Dungun District, Rasau Kerteh Forest Reserve. 4 ° 35.52 ' N, 103 ° 17.47 ' E, 20 Oct 2002, Sam, Y. Y., Angan, A., Mustafa, D. FRI 47176 (holotype KEP; iso: SAN).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
79A461B0C59A5BD5B2826A868EB3BA4A.taxon	description	Description. Rheophyte, stem erect, unbranched, woody, 12 - 23 cm tall, 5 - 6 mm diameter; apex and developing leaves densely covered in long, glossy hairs. Leaves in a dense tuft at the top of the stem, sessile; lamina narrowly lanceolate, glabrescent above, 11.5 - 22 x 0.8 - 1.3 cm, in life bullate, margin serrate, teeth ca. 1 - 1.5 mm long and 1.5 - 2 mm broad at base; midrib and veins impressed above, forming conspicuous irregular squares or polygons, midrib shortly hispid, beneath midrib and veins prominent and shortly hispid; lateral veins 33 - 36 parallel pairs, tertiary veins perpendicular and sending fine veins into sinus between two teeth. Flowers single from upper surface of the leaf base. Peduncle and pedicel 6 - 7.5 cm long, sparsely hairy; bract linear, ca. 2 mm long. Indumentum of peduncle, calyx, corolla and ovary of glandular, long- stalked hairs. Calyx 5 - lobed, divided to base, 2 - 3 mm long, base 1 mm wide, densely pubescent; corolla trumpet-shaped, 3.2 - 4.5 cm long, white, minutely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, tube 3 - 3.5 cm long, throat yellow inside, mouth ca. 1.2 cm diameter, lobes 5, broadly rounded, upper two 0.7 - 1.5 x 0.6 - 1 cm, edge of lobes purple, upper two erect, lower three spreading, 3 - 3.5 mm long; stamens 2, white, glabrous, included in corolla tube, filaments ca. 10 mm long, anthers white, broadly sagittate, 2.5 - 3 x ca. 1.3 mm, cohering face-to-face, staminodes 2, finely linear, 2.5 - 3 mm long; nectary annular, 1 - 1.3 mm high; ovary and style densely and minutely pubescent, ovary 11 - 16 x ca. 1.5 mm, style 9 - 10 mm long, ovary and style densely hairy; stigma large, peltate 1.3 - 1.7 mm diameter, with large papillose cells. Fruits slender, cylindric, 2.8 - 4.3 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm diameter, minutely hispid, dehiscing along the upper suture.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
79A461B0C59A5BD5B2826A868EB3BA4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic in Terengganu, Dungun District, Rasau Kerteh Forest Reserve, known only from the type.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
79A461B0C59A5BD5B2826A868EB3BA4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Greek - rheo, pertaining to flowing water. The rheophytic habit is very unusual in Codonoboea species.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
3D623ED1CC0250348EC60E80679D21BF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In its habit (stem unbranched, woody, 10 - 25 cm long, 3 - 6 mm thick) and its petiolate, narrowly lanceolate or slightly oblanceolate lamina 9 - 20 cm long with many, deeply impressed veins and a serrate margin with teeth 3 - 5 x 1.2 - 2 mm, Codonoboea sallehuddiniana resembles C. breviflora (Ridl.) Kiew but it is different in its dichasium with two short branches and flowers in pairs (C. breviflora has a one-flowered inflorescence), its large foliose bracts 11 - 12 mm long (not linear and 5 - 10 mm long), its rosy purple, narrow corolla 15 - 16 mm long (not shorter, campanulate, pale purple to white corolla and 10 - 14 mm long) and shorter fruits 3 - 3.5 cm long (not 3 - 5.5 cm long).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
3D623ED1CC0250348EC60E80679D21BF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Peninsular Malaysia. Terengganu, Dungun, Pasir Raja Forest Reserve, Compartment 5, 4 ° 41.62 ' N, 102 ° 58.35 ' E, 28 June 2011 Yao, T. L. & Azril, A. FRI 65593 (holotype KEP, barcode KEP 210589; iso: E, SING).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
3D623ED1CC0250348EC60E80679D21BF.taxon	description	Description. Erect, unbranched herb. Stem woody, 15 - 20 (- 60) cm tall, 3 - 6 mm diameter. Indumentum of long ferruginous hairs, on stem and petioles dense and glossy, hairs to 1.5 mm long, grooved midrib on upper lamina surface densely hairy, beneath midrib and veins hairy, denser with hairs to 1.5 mm long on the midrib. Leaves at the top of the stem, opposite, pairs equal, to 1.5 cm apart; petioles 1.5 - 3.5 cm long; lamina lanceolate, glabrous above, 9 - 17.5 x 4 - 7 cm, in life bullate, glossy green above, yellowish-green near petiole, pale green beneath, drying reddish-brown, margin glabrous, serrate, teeth falcate, 3 - 5 x 1.5 - 2 mm long, apex acute; midrib and veins in life impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 15 - 24 pairs, glabrous above, a fine vein reaching between every third sinus between the teeth. Inflorescence erect, from the upper leaf axils, a pair-flowered dichasium with 2 short equal branches, each with 5 - 10 pairs of flowers; peduncle slender, maroon or dark purple, 11 - 16.3 cm long, hairy, hairs to ca. 2 mm long, branches 2 - 5.5 cm long; bract pair at first purple, then semi-transparent pale green, persistent, sparsely hairy outside, glabrous inside, foliose, 3 - veined, lanceolate, 11 - 12 x 3 - 4 mm decreasing in size towards the apex, margin distantly serrate; pedicels dark purple, ca. 2 mm long, hairy. Flowers held more-or-less horizontally or slightly pendent; calyx dark purple, ca. 3 mm long, densely hairy outside, hairs glandular to 1 mm long, glabrous inside, 5 - lobed divided almost to the base; corolla narrowly tubular, 15 - 17 mm long, 1.5 - 2 mm diameter at base, slightly dilating and 4 - 6 mm diameter at the mouth, tube deep rosy purple, whitish towards the mouth with fine deep purple veins that show through in the white throat, minutely hairy outside and on the lower part of floor of throat with two raised yellowish nectar guides running into the mouth and densely covered in glistening hairs, lobes 5, whitish-cream or sometimes green with purple stripe, upper two lobes rounded, 1.5 - 2.5 x 1 - 3 mm, reflexed; lower three ca. 2.5 - 4 x 2 - 3.5 mm long, spreading, slightly reflexed at tip; stamens 2, filaments slender, ca. 4 - 5 mm long, glabrous, anthers white, broadly sagittate, 1.5 mm, cohering face-to-face, positioned just inside the corolla tube; nectary annular, ca. 0.7 mm high; ovary and style with densely hairy, ovary violet, ca. 4 mm long, style sparsely minutely pubescent, ca. 3.5 mm long and stigma capitate, white, ca. 0.1 mm long. Fruits extremely slender, cylindric, 3 - 3.5 cm long, ca. 0.7 - 1 mm diameter, glabrescent, dehiscing along the upper suture; pedicel to 7 mm long.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
3D623ED1CC0250348EC60E80679D21BF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic in Dungun District (Jerangau FR, Pasir Raja FR and Sungai Loh), Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
3D623ED1CC0250348EC60E80679D21BF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Dato' Sri Dr Sallehuddin bin Ishak, formerly Federal Lands Commissioner of Malaysia, for his strong support of conservation of karst limestone hills in Perak.	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
3D623ED1CC0250348EC60E80679D21BF.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. Terengganu, Dungun, Jerangau Forest Reserve, Kamarul, M. et al. FRI 67177 (KEP); Ong, P. T. & Rafidah, A. R. FRI 71249 (KEP); Dungun, Sungai Loh, Sam, Y. Y. & Markandan, M. FRI 44400 (KEP), from Sungai Loh cultivated in Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Sam, Y. Y. FRI 47049 (KEP).	en	Kiew, Ruth, Lim, Chung-Lu (2019): Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
