taxonID	type	description	language	source
565789D820080A919A3050A3B85BCE73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Peltate-shaped tentacles at ventral mouth with quadrangular shaped body. Flattened ventral sole with tube feet in ambulacra area. Papillae conspicuous. No cuvierien tubules and no anal teeth or traceable papillae around the cloacal opening. Gonads in two tufts, one at each sides of the dorsal mesentery. Spicules primarily tables, branched rods and C-shaped rods (Clark and Rowe 1971).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
321E83E0AAC11E2D7E4E5FC5A4D667E7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Five specimens: USM / MSL / PB 004, USM / MSL / PB 005, USM / MSL / PB 006, USM / MSL / PB 007, USM / MSL / PP 005.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
321E83E0AAC11E2D7E4E5FC5A4D667E7.taxon	description	Description. External morphology: Body quadrangular in cross-section with four distinctive sides; smooth, firm, and hard, indicating thick integument; dark blue in colour underwater and almost black out of water (Fig. 2). Large and long papillae at dorso-lateral edge running from collar of tentacles toward anus in two rows; similar papillae at ventro-lateral edge but in one single row; tip to base of papillae yellow to ochre in colour. Ambulacral areas with tube feet and narrow interambulacra; central ambulacrum wider compared to other two ambulacra. Oral opening with 20 peltate tentacles on ventral side; anus at terminal. Spicules: Dorsal body wall with tables, C-shaped rods, and S-shaped rods (Fig. 3 A-C). Tables abundant in dorsal body wall; base smooth with four large central perforations and 4 - 10 smaller peripheral holes; four pillars forming spires, joined with one crossbeam; tip of each pillar spiny. C-shaped rods smooth with sharp endings; some being irregular in form. S-shaped rods derived from C-shaped rods present. Dorsal papillae bearing C-shaped rods, S-shaped rods, elongated rods, and tables (Fig. 3 D-G). Tables in dorsal papillae with large disc, four central perforations, and multiple peripheral holes; pillars joined by one, sometimes incomplete, crossbeam; tip of pillars with multiple large spines. Ventral tube feet bearing plates, thick rods, tables, and C-shaped rods (Fig. 3 H-J). Large plates in ventral tube feet having distinctive larger central perforations; numerous smaller peripheral holes distributed over plates. Other smaller plates in ventral tube feet having perforations similar in size to each other. Edges of plates in ventral tube feet jagged but less pointy and sharp. Tables in ventral tube feet having reduced pillars or no pillar; one crossbeam incompletely joining all pillars; four central perforations with less peripheral holes compared to tables from dorsal body. Rods in ventral tube feet with 0 - 3 (mostly one) perforation (s) at central extension (Fig. 3 I). Tentacles with tables and rods. Tables in tentacles reduced to only disk without pillars, with four central perforations surrounded by smaller peripheral holes; similar to tables in dorsal body wall (Fig. 3 F). Rods in tentacles in various sizes, with spiny and rough surface; smaller rods straight while larger rods slightly curved (Fig. 3 L).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
321E83E0AAC11E2D7E4E5FC5A4D667E7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This is a common species found throughout the Indo-West Pacific area (Clark and Rowe 1971).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
3C0711EFB1F35A74DDE0A2FF1AF66D3D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Four specimens: USM / MSL / PSEM 001, USM / MSL / PSEM 002, USM / MSL / PSEM 003, USM / MSL / PP 004.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
3C0711EFB1F35A74DDE0A2FF1AF66D3D.taxon	description	Description. External morphology: Large body with quadrangular cross-section with four distinctive sides; firm, rugose, and having thick folding surfaces. Uniformly greyish brown on dorsal side; light brown to yellowish on ventral body with an orange patch spreading from mid ventral body to anterior ventral body. Two rows of small and short papillae on dorso-lateral edges; papillae absent on ventro-lateral edges; tip of papillae brown; base grey-coloured. Numerous, smaller, brown-tipped papillae spreading across dorsal body. Laterally, papillae being lesser in number and density. Ring of minute papillae surrounding oral opening. Tube feet numerous in ambulacra areas. Central ambulacrum occupying more rows of tube feet compared to other two am bulacra areas. Narrow interambulacra areas without tube feet. Twenty peltate-shaped tentacles. Anus terminal. Spicules: Dorsal body mainly tables, C-shaped rods, rosettes, and pseudo tables (Fig. 5 A-D). Table spicules in dorsal body have rounded to quadrangular in shape bases, with four central perforations and numerous peripheral holes; three or four short pillars forming spires connected by a cross beam; tip of pillars with thorny crown endings (Fig. 5 A). Rosettes in dorsal body abundant with various shapes and sizes; simple to complex bifurcation on both ends (Fig. 5 C). Pseudo tables in dorsal body have four pillars extending from reduced base; no disk formed at base (Fig. 5 D). Papillae consist of tables, C-shaped rods, and rosettes (Fig. 5 E-G). Base of tables in papillae with rough rims; four pillars with multiple spines on the tip erected from disc; four central holes on the disc with 2 - 3 peripheral holes. C-shaped rods and rosettes in papillae similar to those in dorsal body. Tube feet have large perforated plates, rods, and reduced tables (Fig. 5 H-J). Perforated plates in tube feet in rectangular and square shapes, jagged and pointy rims (Fig. 5 H). Rods in tube feet with central extended perforations (Fig. 5 J); surface covered with spinelets. Reduced tables of tube feet have base with four central perforations and 5 - 8 peripheral holes; reduced pillars liken knobs formed at central of base; rim of base being smooth (Fig. 5 I). Tentacles containing rods of different sizes with rough surfaces covered with spinelets; slightly bended (Fig. 5 K).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
3C0711EFB1F35A74DDE0A2FF1AF66D3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Throughout the Indo-West Pacific (Clark and Rowe 1971).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Four specimens: USM / MSL / PP 001, USM / MSL / PP 002, USM / MSL / PP 003, USM / MSL / PP 006.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E.taxon	description	Description. External morphology: Body slightly sub quadrangular in cross-section, with firm and rough surface; wrinkles on mid-dorsal area. Dominantly dark brown and yellowish in colour, with sporadic whitish-brown patches (Fig. 6). Papillae scattered across dorsal surface with larger papillae along dorso- and ventro-lateral areas; base of papillae dark grey, apex white. Ring of small papillae surrounding oral opening. Tube feet restricted in three ambulacra areas, with mid ambulacrum being wider with more rows of tube feet but a gap of lesser tube feet density in middle area of mid ambulacrum. Cream-white background colour with patches of brown dots across ventral body. Twenty peltate tentacles. Anus terminal. Spicules: In dorsal body, numerous tables and C-shaped rods spicules. Tables in dorsal body with four central perforations, 9 - 21 peripheral holes around smooth-surfaced base; four pillars with moderate heights forming spires joined with one crossbeam, tip of spires with large spines (Figure 7 A-B). Spicules in dorsal papillae comprised of tack-liked tables, rods, C-shaped rods, and perforated plates (Fig. 7 C-F). Four pillars erected and fused at tips forming tall spire from middle of base (Fig. 7 C). Large rods have rough surface and tiny spines on surface, especially at both ends; central perforations can be elaborate or simple (Fig. 7 E). Perforated plates in papillae have jagged rims and 6 - 12 irregular holes; smaller in size than those of tube feet. Tube feet with large rods, multiperforated plates, and tables (Fig. 7 G-I). Large rods have central plate with perforations; rod surfaces rough and covered with spinelets (Fig. 7 G). In tentacles, spicules consist of rods in different size and thickness (Fig. 7 J). All rods have rough surface and spinelets; slight curves in larger rods while smaller appeared straight.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
AF993033F10D80AD501959334557A55E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Society Islands, Galapagos, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, Southern Japan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Australia, Hawaii to New Caledonia.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
A6997C588D27E3A175FF40C3A306176B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen, USM / MSL / PLAN 001.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
A6997C588D27E3A175FF40C3A306176B.taxon	description	Description. External morphology: Body slightly quadrangular in cross-section, without distinct edges. Body surface smooth and tough. Black deep depression lines on dorsal body; dorsal background brown colour with numerous darker brown strips transverse and encircles the base of papillae. Two rows of large papillae with very low protrusion on dorsal body. Tube feet only in ambulacral areas; median tube feet twice wider than those in other two ambulacral areas; narrow interambulacral areas clearly separates each ambulacrum area. Reddish brown background colour on ventral side with lighter yellowish-brown on interambulacral areas. Ventral mouth with 18 - 20 peltate tentacles surrounded by ring of minute papillae at oral opening (Fig. 8). Spicule: Tables, C-shaped rod, and rosette spicules present in dorsal body (Fig. 9 A-D). Tables in dorsal body with large quadrangular base, four central perforations, and 15 - 27 smaller peripheral holes; four pillars forming spire from the central of the base with a cross beam connecting them; tip of pillars with multiple thorny spines (Fig. 9 A). Reduced tables in dorsal body having similar structure to the base of tables but lack pillars; slightly raised surface on the central (Fig. 9 D). Spicule of papillae consists of tables, reduced tables, C-shaped rods, rosettes, and perforated plates (Fig. 9 I-M). Tables in papillae similar to those in dorsal body; some with larger thorns on pillar apexes (Fig. 9 I). Some C-shaped rods were modified liken S-shaped rods with protrusion at the middle body (Fig. 9 K). In ventral tube feet, centrally-perforated rods, perforated plates, tables, and C-shaped rods (Fig. 9 E-H) present. Centrally-perforated rods in tube feet have conspicuous large central plate and multiple perforations of different sizes; surface rough and covered with spinelets (Fig. E). Oval- to square-shaped perforated plates; rim were not smooth and jagged (Fig. 9 F). Tables in tube feet have small base disc with four main central holes and 5 - 8 peripheral holes; four pillars erected from central of base with thorny crowns on the tip, but do not extend out of base (Fig. 9 G). Small C-shaped rods in tube feet (Fig. 9 H). Spicules of tentacles consists of rods, perforated plates, tables, and C-shaped rods (Fig. 9 N-Q). Curved rods in tentacles in multiple different sizes; rough surface covered with spinelets especially dense at both ends. Perforated plates in tentacles spiny, rough surface covered with spinelets; some likens dichotomous rods (Fig. 9 M). Tables and C-shaped rods in tentacles similar to ones found in the papillae (Fig. 9 O, Q).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
A6997C588D27E3A175FF40C3A306176B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indian Ocean, Andaman Islands, South China Sea, Indonesia, Thailand, Flores Sea, Great Barrier Reef Australia, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea (Clark and Rowe 1971; Massin et al. 2002).	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
CDB5E02D4F66E67581C448E111C65114.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Three specimens: Holotype, USM / MSL / PSS 001, collected from Pulau Songsong (5 ° 48 ' 31.2 " N, 100 ° 17 ' 38.0 " E), Kedah, Malaysia, 6 m depth, on sand, fixed in 99 % ethanol. Paratype 1, USM / MSL / PSS 002, collected from Pulau Songsong (5 ° 48 ' 31.2 " N, 100 ° 17 ' 38.0 " E), Kedah, Malaysia, 8 m depth, on sand, fixed in 99 % ethanol. Paratype 2, USM / MSL / PP 003, collected from Pulau Songsong (5 ° 48 ' 31.2 " N, 100 ° 17 ' 38.0 " E), Kedah, Malaysia, 7 m depth, on sand, fixed in 99 % ethanol.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
CDB5E02D4F66E67581C448E111C65114.taxon	description	Description. External morphology: Body quadrangular in cross-section with slight rounded four sides. Body wall firm, rugose, and wrinkled surface; variously-sized tiny warts regularly-arranged on dorsal body (Fig. 10). Dorsal body brown in background colour, with patchy beige areas and black patches; latter usually running from anterior to posterior ends and concentrated in middle part of body, and absent in some specimens. Ventral body wall light beige background with two orange, narrow lines spreading from oral to aboral. Large dorsal papillae 0.5 - 1.0 cm in width at base in the holotype, but highly variable between specimens, more or less arranged in two continuous rows; smaller dorsal papillae scattered on dorsal body; colour of dorsal papillae black, with apex always white. Two rows of large (about 2 cm), white-coloured papillae aligned and arranged in straight line along ventro-lateral edges. Minute pa pillae forming ring surrounding oral opening. Tube feet in ambulacral areas, more numerous in central ambulacral areas than in lateral ones. Two interambulacral areas very narrow, with lesser number of tube feet. Tube feet fairly long, 3 - 5 mm in length. All specimens examined having 20 peltate-shaped tentacles. Anus terminal. Spicules: Spicules in dorsal body consisting tables and rosettes (Fig. 11 A-D). Many tables in dorsal body having large base with four central perforations and mul tiple peripheral perforations; four pillars erected from base forming a spire connected by a cross beam, with spines at the tip (Fig. 11 A). Some tables in dorsal body having smaller base with less peripheral perforations; pillars connected incompletely with a crossbeam, tip of spire without crown of spines (Fig. 11 D). Tables in dorsal body sometimes with pillars reduced to knobs and disc with four central perforations and limited peripheral perforations (Fig. 11 B). Papillae consisting large tables, reduced tables, rosettes, C-shape rods, X-shaped rods, and rods (Fig. 13 A-I). Large tables in papillae with multiperforated base disc; four pillars forming spire connected with a crossbeam, tip of pillar very spiny (Fig. 13 A). Reduced tables in papillae larger compared to reduced tables in dorsal body (Fig. 13 B). Rosettes in papillae form simple curving to extensive bifurcations at both ends (Fig. 13 D); smaller rosettes more complex in bifurcations (Fig. 13 G). C-shaped rods in papillae simple, some modified to S-shaped rods (Fig. 13 E). X-shaped rods in papillae have bifurcate endings in each arms; some with five arms (Fig. 13 H). Rods in papillae with rough surface (Fig. 13 I). Spicules in tube feet mainly large rods with perforated central plate, multiperforated plates, and tables (Fig. 12 E-G). Surface of rods in tube feet rough, covered with spinelets; numbers and sizes of perforations on central plates of tube feet vary between rods. Tables in tube feet simpler compared to tables in dorsal body and papillae; tip of pillars less spinous and forming small crowns. Spicules in the tentacles consisting of fusiform spicules and rods (Fig. 11 A, B). Fusiform spicules spindle-like in shape with dense spines interconnected to each other forming some hollow spaces in between (Fig. 14 B). Rods in tentacles rough, slightly curved, and densely covered with spinelets at both ends.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
CDB5E02D4F66E67581C448E111C65114.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new specific name is a compound descriptive name from the combination of adjective-noun derived from the Latin words of fusiform (fusiformis) and bone (ossa). The name is nominative, neuter, and plural; referring to the distinctive fusiform and spindle-liked spicules found in the tentacles.	en	Woo, Sau Pinn, Yasin, Zulfigar, Tan, Shau Hwai, Kajihara, Hiroshi, Fujita, Toshihiko (2015): Sea cucumbers of the genus Stichopus Brandt, 1835 (Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) in Straits of Malacca with description of a new species. ZooKeys 545: 1-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415
