taxonID	type	description	language	source
1903423BFFADD57025B84C11FD8DF93C.taxon	description	1 ³, Deutschland, Württemberg, Oberland Jllertal- Egelsee, 7. vi. 1942, g. prep 0048 / 2019 N. Schulz; 1 ♀, Deutsch-land, Lettin bei Halle, S [tuttgart] 15. ii. 1981 e. o. PTZ., leg. S. Martschat, g. prep 0044 / 2019 N. Schulz; 1 ³, same data, 07. iv. 1980 e. o. PTZ., g. prep 0045 / 2019 N. Schulz; 1 ³, Stuttgart-Rohr Bahndamm, 28. v. 1962, leg. W. Schäfer, g. prep 0047 / 2019 N. Schulz; 1 ³, Deutschland, Stuttgart-Krumbachtal, 11. v. 1961, leg. W. Schäfer, g. prep 2242 / 2019 H. Rajaei; 1 ³, Ungarn, H. Bükkösd, 15 km W Pécs, 22. v. 1988 TF., Leg. K. - R. Beck, g. prep 2243 / 2019 H. Rajaei; all in SMNS. 1 ³, Pyr. Orient. Vernet-les-B., R. Oberthür, 1.8.1920, g. prep. 2336 / 2020 H. Rajaei; 2 ³, Spanien, westl. S. Sebastian, Cr. Eisenberger, 28. VI. [19] 53, g. prep. 2337 / 2020 H. Rajaei; 2 ♀, Casteil, Pyrénées Orles., 10 - 14. VII. 1939; 1 ♀, Vernet l. Bains, Pyren Orles., 12. V. 1930; all in ZSM. Minoa murinata (populations from south-eastern Europe, in some citations regarded as ‘ subsp. monochroaria ’): 1 ³, Jugoslawien, Serbien, Umg. Nis, Nisavatal, Sicevo 24. iv. 1988, leg. de Freina, coll W. Schäfer, Stuttgart, SMNS-Lep. 1997 - 14, g. prep 2238 / 2019 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Jugoslawien, Ulika, LF, 2. ix. [19] 84, leg. H. Popp; 1 ³, Jugoslawien, Poreć, LF, 1. vii. [19] 86, leg. H. Popp; 1 ³, same locality, 10 - 150 m, 31. v. [19] 75, leg. H. Popp; 1 ³, 1 ♀, Dalmatie, v. Monochroaria Mn., g. prep 2239 / 2019 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, YU Dalmatien, Insel Lošinj, Veli Lošinj, 04. ix. 1988, LF, leg. K. R. Beck; all in SMNS. 1 ³, [Ukraine], Cherkasskaja obl., Kanevskij nature reserve, loc. Malij Pekarskij Jar, [49.72 N, 31.52 E], 8. viii. 1981, [leg] I. Kostjuk; 1 ³, [Ukraine], Kiev circ., Vita Pochtovaja [village], [50.30 N, 30.39 E], 29. v. 1982, [leg] I. Kostjuk, gen. prep. 2254 / 2019 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, [Ukraine], Chernigovskaja obl., Kozeletz distr., near Koropje vill., pine forest, [51.03 N, 30.79 E], 19. viii. 1984 [leg] I. Kostjuk; 3 ♀, [Ukraine], Dnepropetrovskaja obl., Novomoskovskij distr., Andreevka vill., oak forest, [48.75 N, 35.45 E], 20. vii. 1986, [leg.] I. Kostjuk; 1 ♀, same locality, 21. vii. 1986; 1 ♀, Ukraine, [Zaporozhskaja obl.], “ Kamennije mogily ” nature reserve, [47.31 N, 37.07 E], 2. vii. 1999, [leg] A. Bidzilya; all in ZMKU. Additional dots on the map referring to the examined material in the project “ Geometrid moths of Europe ” (Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012: 363).	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFADD57125B84807FA2EFA13.taxon	materials_examined	2 ³, Russland / Zentralasien, Sibirien: Republik Altai, Altai Mts. N 50 ° 53 ’ 03 ’’, E 85 ° 50 ’ 36 ’’; 1050 m, 26 km südlich Seminsky-Pass (Wegstrecke) 12. vi. 2012, leg. J. Gelbrecht & E. Schwabe, g. preps 2240 / 2019 & 2332 H. Rajaei (barcoding: SMNS _ Minoa _ 12); 1 ♀, 1 ³, Russland / Zentralasien, Sibirien: Republik Altai, Altai Mts. N 50 ° 22 ’ 32 ’’, E 87 ° 37 ’ 27 ’’; 1800 m Aktasch, ca. 8 km NNW (Wegstrecke) 17. & 18. vi. 2012, leg. J. Gelbrecht & E. Schwabe, g. preps (♀) 2241 / 2019, (³) 2331 / 2020 H. Rajaei (Barcoding: SMNS _ Minoa _ 11); 2 ³, 2 ♀, NE-Türkei, Prov. Erzurum, Dog. Karadeniz Daglari, Korga Dagi, Umg. Köprüköy bei Ispir, 1600 m, 03. - 04. vi. 2000, leg. J. Gelbrecht, T. Drechsel, R. Busse & E. Schwabe, g. preps (³) 0046 / 2019 N. Schulz, (³) 1963 / 2016 H. Rajaei, (♀) 1964 / 2016 H. Rajaei, (♀) 2333 / 2020 H. Rajaei (Barcoding: SMNS _ Minoa _ 13); all in PCJG. 1 ³, Georgia, Borjomi-Kharagauli NP, Borjomi District, dry meadow and fields 2 km W Quabiskhevi, 920 m, 41 ° 45 ’ 52,3 ’’ N, 43 ° 13 ’ 51,6 ’’ E, 1. viii. 2006, by day, D. Bartsch leg., g. prep 0049 / 2019 N. Schulz (Barcoding: SMNS _ Minoa _ 10); 1 ♀, Georgia, Borjomi-Kharagauli NP, Borjomi District, 1 - 3 km S / W Likani, trail 1, Picea abies forest with clearings, at day, 1050 - 1200 m, 23. vii. 2006, 41 ° 50 ’ 31 ’’ N, 43 ° 18 ’ 03 ’’ E, leg. D. Bartsch, g. prep 0050 / 2019 N. Schulz; 1 ³, Armenia, Tavush prov., 1 km W Sarumpass, 1700 m, 40 ° 52 ’ 37.2 ’’ N 45 ° 14 ’ 47.2 ’’ E, 21. vii. 2013, lighttrap, leg. D. Bartsch, g. prep 2258 / 2019 H. Rajaei; all in PCDB. 1 ³, [Russia], N. Caucasus, Pjatigorsk, [mt.] Beshtau, [44.08 N, 43.01 E], 15. vii. 1992, leg. V. Tikhonov, gen. Prep. 2255 / 2019 H. Rajaei; 1 ³, Crimea, Bakhchisarajskij distr., Verkhorechje vill., [44.70 N, 33.94 E], 25. v. 1986 leg. I. Kostjuk, g. prep. 2256 / 2019 H. Rajaei; 1 ³, [Russia], [N. Caucasus], Kislovodsk, 23. vii. 1989, [43.90 N, 42.66 E], leg. V. Tikhonov, g. prep. 2257 / 2019 H. Rajaei; all in ZMKU. Rest of the dots on the map referring to the examined material in the project “ Geometrid moths of Europe, vol. 3: see page 363 ”. MAP. Distribution pattern of Minoa murinata and M. lutea bona sp., based on Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012: 363; modified).	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFACD57625B8492FFE68FC27.taxon	description	Acidalia italicata Millière, 1885: Annales de la Société entomologique de France (6) 5 (2): 113, pl. 2, fig. 1 (Italy: Acqui). Syntype (s) ♀. Minoa murinata amylaria Prout, 1914: in Seitz, Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes 4: 167, replacing amylaria La Harpe, 1850 (Bull. Soc. Vaudoise 3: 60: infrasubspecific) (Switzerland: Alps). Syntype (s). Regarded as a synonym of Minoa murinata by Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012).	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFACD57625B8492FFE68FC27.taxon	materials_examined	Minoa murinata limburgia Lempke, 1969: Tijdschrift voor entomologie 112: 73 (Netherlands: Limbourg, Stein). Holotype ³ male (in ITZA). Regarded as a synonym of Minoa murinata by Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012).	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFACD57625B8492FFE68FC27.taxon	description	Unavailable name (infrasubspecific): cineraria (Staudinger, 1871)	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFACD57625B8492FFE68FC27.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See the diagnosis part of Minoa lutea (below) (see more details in Hausmann & Viidalepp, 2012). Bionomy. According to Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012), the larvae of Minoa murinata are monophagous, feeding exclusively on Euphorbia species. Living in dry open to semi-open habitats.	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFACD57625B8492FFE68FC27.taxon	biology_ecology	Behaviour. Diurnal activity. In few warm nights, very scarce single specimen observed at light. After disturbance, the individuals fly at low level in the habitats, where their hostplant (Euphorbia spp.) occurs. They fly mostly flat above the vegetation at wind protected sites. Sometimes they also rest on the low growing shrubs.	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFACD57625B8492FFE68FC27.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Minoa murinata is a Sub-Mediterranean species, distributed from southern England and the Pyrenees across southern central and eastern Europe (see map). The populations in Ukraine as well as in Russia need to be critically re-examined.	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFABD57525B8480EFB8BFE0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (characters of M. lutea are given in parenthesis). Minoa lutea with wingspan 17 - 23 mm, forewing 11 - 15 mm (wingspan 16 - 22 mm, forewing 10 - 14 mm in M. murinata). Minoa lutea with unicolorous light yellow wings in both sexes with low variation; underside of the forewings suffused with some grey scales (in M. murinata wings unicolorous, usually mouse grey with brown hue, variable from pale grey to dark grey, sometimes warm pale brown; underside of the wings like upperside; even the slightly lighter specimens from western Balkan Peninsula don’t have the same deep yellow coloration of the specimens from Caucasus, Transcaucasus and eastern Turkey) (see figs 3 ─ 13). In both species fringes concolorous, discal spots absent. Clear-cut diagnostic characters could be found on the asymmetrical genitalia capsule and are strongly correlated with differences in the cornuti. Minoa lutea has a genitalia capsule with elongated sacculus; cornuti consist of a short main cornutus and 0 to 3 tiny cornuti (M. murinata has a genitalia capsule with short sacculus; cornuti consist of single cornutus dagger-shaped and long, about half size of aedeagus) (see figs 14 ─ 21). In female genitalia, no diagnostic character was found between both species (see figs. 22 ─ 25). DNA barcoding. There is a low mean genetic distance (0.8 %) between the specimens of M. lutea (from northeast Turkey, Georgia and Russia) and specimens of M. murinata (from different European countries, including Spain). Minimum pairwise distance (BOLD aligner, pairwise distance model in BOLD gap analysis) is just 0.32 % between both taxa, corresponding to two base pairs (see also fig. 2). In tree reconstructions, the COI haplotypes of M. lutea falls into the strongly variable haplotype pattern of M. murinata showing maximum pairwise distances of 3.45 %. However, constant diagnostic characters on wings as described above, as well as on the male genitalia strongly support the treatment of the populations in Turkey, Transcaucasus and Caucasus as bona species. Similar cases of morphologically well-defined species which are BIN-sharing or even exactly haplotype-sharing are mentioned e. g. in Hausmann et al. (2013) or Müller et al. (2019). Such cases usually occur at a rate of 1 - 3 % of regional faunas as shown in several studies (e. g. Hebert et al. 2010; Hausmann et al. 2013; Huemer & Hebert 2016; Hausmann et al. 2020). Bionomy. Larval stages and foodplants needs to be studied. In north-eastern Turkey, habitats are bushy, sunny and stony slopes along valleys in mountain areas at an altitude of about 1600 m. In Altai Mountains (Russia) habitats are wind-protected sites on meadows with species-rich vegetation and single trees or scrubs at an altitude of 1000 - 1800 m. The species were rare in all habitats and only very few specimen could be found after extensive search. Behaviour. Diurnal activity. After disturbance, the individuals escape quickly (much faster than M. murinata), and they fly several meters high, over the tall shrubs. Thus, it is more difficult to catch them by a net (compared to M. murinata).	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
1903423BFFABD57525B8480EFB8BFE0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. M. lutea is a pontic species, recorded in eastern Turkey, Crimea, Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Most probably this species is distributed also in north-western Iran. The populations in central and southern Russia (see Beljaev & Mironov 2019) and Central Asia need to be re-examined based on male genitalia structure. Two examined populations from the Altai belong to M. lutea (see figs 11, 20 ─ 21 & 24).	en	Rajaei, Hossein, Gelbrecht, Jörg, Schulz, Nathalie, Hausmann, Axel (2021): Minoa lutea Schwingenschuss, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) recognized as bona species. Zootaxa 4903 (2): 255-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.5
