identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
192F0A263114660A3CBFFC7AFEA12CE2.text	192F0A263114660A3CBFFC7AFEA12CE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xerophytavorus	<div><p>Xerophytavorus gen.n.</p><p>Type species: Xerophytavorus rastrullus sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 3–7, 52–76)</p><p>Gender masculine</p><p>Diagnosis. Fuscous dorsally, sometimes with whitish or yellowish transverse marking in claval region of tegmina (Figs 1–4, absent as in Fig. 7). Vertex and pronotum rugose. Transition between vertex and face with dorsal carina (Figs 28, 30). Aedeagal shaft biramous (Figs 38, 54), connective closely articulated with aedeagus, arms widely separated, stem short, about half as long as arms. Paired pygofer process with modified apex arising medioventrally from pygofer (Figs 40, 60). Pygofer lobe medially with dense cluster of setae (Figs 35, 40, 59, 60). Subgenital plate without macrosetae (Fig. 37).</p><p>Etymology. Compound word in Latin, Xerophyta, generic name for the host plant, voro, to eat, consume, as this leafhopper feeds on this plant.</p><p>Male and female. External morphology. Vertex, pronotum and scutellum fuscous; dorsum punctate, pubescent (short setae arising in punctures); vertex longitudinally rugose. Pronotum rugose. Tegmina with veins and cells dark brown or brown, translucent transverse bar in claval cells, translucent area at first apical cell and in distal part of costal cell (Figs 1–4). Margin between face and vertex sharp, forming short, dorsal carina (Figs 28–30). Ocellus on face, close to dorsal margin, in front of eye, above antenna. Clypeus shagreened (Fig. 6), wide, few setae laterally. Clypellus parallel-sided, longer than wide, transclypeal suture weakly developed (Fig. 29). Genae surrounding lora distally (Fig. 29). Pronotum distinctly wider than head (Figs 1–7, 28), lateral margins carinate (Fig. 30), nearly as long as eye. Tegmina opaque with veins obscure, indicated by fine pubescence (Figs 31, 52, 64), vein R three-branched, crossvein r-m1 connected to R basad of fork, three anteapical cells present, inner anteapical cell open; vein M apparently unbranched, only 3 apical cells present, inner apical cell extended to distal margin, claval veins indistinct; appendix present, but poorly distinguished from adjacent inner apical cell. Hind wing with three apical cells (anterior branch of R absent), jugal lobe well developed (Fig. 65). Legs and venter brown, setae on hind leg pale. Pro- and meso-tarsomeres 1–3 pale, metatarsomere 3 pale or light brown. Protibia setal formula 3+1. Metafemur dorsoapical macrosetae 2+2 (Fig. 33). Profemur with anteromedial, intercalary, and anteroventral rows poorly differentiated, irregular, short across most of length of femur, longer distally, with 1–3 longer setae near apex, AM1 well differentiated. (Fig. 32). Metatibia with posteroventral row consisting of narrow, acute setae, with 2–3 distal setae slightly longer and thicker than more basal setae; anteroventral, anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae robust, wide across base, acute apically; dorsal rows interspersed with small, fine setae. Metatibial setae in PV row about half as long as width of metatibia medially; AV, PD and AD setae about as long as width of metatibia medially. Tarsomere 1 about twice as long as tarsomere 2 or 3, plantar surface with two rows of 7 macrosetae, apex with spur with seta laterally and 4 spurs with platellae medially. Tarsomere 2 with 2 platellae medially.</p><p>Male. Internal morphology. Abdominal apodemes with anterior apodeme in dorsal view with rounded, membranous lobes, as long as wide (Figs 55–57). Tentorium recessed into head, base sclerotized, wide, attached near base of antenna, extending dorsally, apex tapered, membranous, branched, dorsal branch reaching vertex, right-angled ventral branch reaching face anteriad of ocellus.</p><p>Male. Genitalia. Pygofer, dorsally with anal tube inserted half-way or further into pygofer, anal tube triangular (Figs 35, 58). Pygofer lobe ventromedially with posteriorly directed process, apex modified (Figs 36, 40, 59, 60); pygofer lobe with cluster of macrosetae at ventromedial subapical margin, arising from variably shaped base (Figs 40, 60). Subgenital plate narrow, lateral margin concave or straight, medial margin straight, with sparse ventral setae irregularly arranged, macrosetae absent (Figs 37, 61). Paired aedeagal shaft C- or U-shaped in dorsal view (Figs 38, 54), arms of shaft serrate medially, articulation with connective membranous. Connective Y-shaped, arms bowed laterad, stem short (Figs 38, 54). Style with preapical lobe well developed, acute, bearing several conspicuous setae (Figs 34, 63).</p><p>Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with deep median notch, margins variable (Figs 41, 67). Valvula 3 with numerous macrosetae on distal and ventral margin (Figs 42, 66). Valvula 2 elongate, apical half slightly wider than basal half (Figs 48, 72), finely serrate (Figs 49–51, 74–76). Valvula 1 lanceolate (Figs 44, 68), covered with fine semicircular or rectangular scale-like microsculpture (Figs 43, 45–47, 69–71).</p><p>Relationships. This new genus is placed in Opsiini based on the paired aedeagal shafts, each bearing a separate gonopore. Other Afrotropical Opsiini, which also have the biramous aedeagus, have the vertex rounded to the face with a smooth or at most with a shagreened texture. The new genus apparently belongs to the group of genera that includes Aladzoa Linnavuori, Hishimonus Ishihara, Naevus Knight, Nesophrosyne Kirkaldy, Opsius Fieber and Orosius Distant, in which the biramous shaft originates basally. Eremophlepsius Zachvatkin (Palaearctic Region), also a member of this group, has a similarly up-turned facial margin (J. Zahniser, personal communication).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/192F0A263114660A3CBFFC7AFEA12CE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2012): New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis. Zootaxa 3509 (1): 35-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2
192F0A263113660A3CBFFE2CFAF62A96.text	192F0A263113660A3CBFFE2CFAF62A96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xerophytavorus furcillatus	<div><p>Xerophytavorus furcillatus sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 1–2, 28–51)</p><p>Diagnosis. Pygofer process with apex bifurcate (Fig. 40). Pygofer lobe medially with elongate area of densely set short macrosetae (Figs 36, 40). Aedeagus with shaft biramous, depressed, medial, distal margins serrate (Fig. 38).</p><p>Etymology. Latin, furcilla, a little fork, for the forked shape of the pygofer process.</p><p>Male, female and nymph. External morphology. Adult with pale spots and markings only on anterior part of clypeus, face (as in Fig. 6, no markings on gena and lora), lateral margin of pronotum and vertex. Tegmina with narrow translucent or whitish marking in claval cells (Figs 1, 2). Tegmina with two translucent regions or sometimes continuous band in costal and anteapical cells as well as in first apical and inner anteapical cells (Figs 1, 2). Nymph dark brown, without median, yellow longitudinal line; legs with distal tarsomeres pale (legs as in Xv. rastrullus, Fig 5).</p><p>Abdominal apodemes. Similar to that of Xv. rastrullus (Figs 55–57).</p><p>Male. Measurements. (n=9) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.10–2.24 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.81–2.06 mm; vertex 0.33–0.35 mm; next to eye 0.20–0.25 mm; pronotum 0.42–0.46 mm; scutellum 0.43–0.46 mm. Width: head 0.91–0.95 mm; pronotum 0.99–1.02 mm; scutellum 0.61–0.67 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.50–3.80 µm; ocellocular distance 7.40–8.70 µm.</p><p>Male. Genitalia. Pygofer lobe with ventromedial process, apex asymmetrically biramous (Figs 36, 40); lobe subapically with medial elongate band of macrosetae (Figs 36, 40); anterior apodeme large (Figs 35, 36). Aedeagal shafts widely separated, inner margins denticulate (Figs 38, 39). Plate narrowly triangular, without macrosetae, but short, fine setae, mainly at apex (Fig. 37), lateral subapical margin rugose. Style with elongate, acuminate apophysis, tooth medioventrally; preapical angle deep, rounded; preapical lobe acute; lateral anterior lobe large, wide, right-angled, medial anterior lobe short, triangular (Fig. 34).</p><p>Female. Measurements. (n=9) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.15–2.26 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.11–2.26 mm; vertex 0.32–0.34 mm; next to eye 0.21–0.24 mm; pronotum 0.43–0.46 mm; scutellum 0.45–0.50 mm. Width: head 0.94–0.97 mm; pronotum 1.01–1.07 mm; scutellum 0.65–0.72 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.95–5.14 µm; ocellocular distance 7.53–9.74 µm.</p><p>Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with deep median V-shaped notch, margins variable, prone to damage (Fig. 41). Valvula 3 (Fig. 42), numerous marginal setae from apex to base, apex narrowly rounded. Valvula 2 (Fig. 48) lanceolate; apex slightly wider than base, finely serrate (Figs 49, dorsal serration basally, Figs 50, 51, serration at apex). Valvula 1 (Fig. 44) lanceolate; microsculpturing imbricate, as in Fig. 46, near base and Fig. 47 at apex; shape of apex variable, Fig. 43, narrowed apex, Fig. 45, triangular apex.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male. Malawi. Chambe Hut, Mulanje Mountain 15°58ʹS, 35°38ʹE, 1750 m, 22.xii.2002, M. Stiller, hand collected on Xerophyta splendens (SANC). Paratypes. 83, 9Ƥ, 12 nymphs, Ibid. holotype (BMNH, SANC).</p><p>Remarks. This species (Figs 1, 2) and Xv. rastrullus (Figs 3, 4, 7) are similar in colour and shape. The pale markings in the claval region of both species are variable, with the pubescence in Xv. furcillatus appearing slightly longer than in Xv. rastrullus . Internal male genitalia provide the best means of separation of species. The distinguishing features are the shape of the pygofer process and the shape of the base of the cluster of macrosetae on the inner apex of the pygofer lobe. In Xv. furcillatus the pygofer process has the apex with two points, and the cluster is elongate. In Xv. rastrullus the pygofer process has multiple prongs at the apex, giving it the appearance of a comb, and the cluster is round. Difference in the aedeagus are also present, but more subtle. The shaft in Xv. rastrullus is wider with larger teeth and in Xv. furcillatus the shaft is tubular with smaller teeth. Nymphs are clearly distinguishable with Xv. furcillatus brown, and Xv. rastrullus with a pale marking across the length of the body (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/192F0A263113660A3CBFFE2CFAF62A96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2012): New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis. Zootaxa 3509 (1): 35-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2
192F0A26311166063CBFFF67FE432869.text	192F0A26311166063CBFFF67FE432869.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xerophytavorus rastrullus	<div><p>Xerophytavorus rastrullus sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 3–7, 52–76)</p><p>Diagnosis. Pygofer process apex with comb-like structure (Fig. 60). Pygofer lobe medially with oval cluster of macrosetae (Figs 59, 60). Aedeagus with shaft depressed, medial and distal margins serrate (Figs 54, 62).</p><p>Etymology. Latin, rastrullus, diminutive for rake or comb, for the appearance of the row of teeth on the pygofer process.</p><p>Male, female and nymph. External morphology. Pale spots and markings on face, lateral margin of pronotum and vertex (Figs 3, 4, 6, 7). Tegmina with triangular translucent, whitish or yellow marking in claval cells on some specimens only. Marking was present (as in Figs 3, 4) or absent (as in Fig. 7) in about equal proportions in males and females (142 examined pinned and specimens in a capsule). Tegmina in male in Fig. 52, claval veins poorly developed, microsetae on most veins; apically with weakly developed or without cross-veins; appendix narrow. Female tegmina (Fig. 64) with two anteapical cells and two apical cells. Hind wing as in Fig. 65. Nymph with yellow longitudinal stripe, flanks brown; fore- and mid-legs pale, hind legs pale with distal apex of femur and tibia dark (Fig. 5).</p><p>Abdominal apodemes. Abdominal apodemes (Figs 55–57) with posterior apodeme wide, with narrow medial lobes (Fig 55, anterior view, Fig 57, dorsal view); anterior apodeme with elongate apical arms and membranous rounded, medial lobes (Fig 55, anterior view, Fig. 56, dorsal view).</p><p>Male. Measurements. (n=43) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 1.97–2.16 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.72–1.98 mm; vertex 0.34–0.39 mm; next to eye 0.19–0.21 mm; pronotum 0.37–0.43 mm; scutellum 0.37–0.45 mm. Width: head 0.83–0.90 mm; pronotum 0.90–1.00 mm; scutellum 0.55–0.63 mm. Ocellus: diameter 3.60–4.50 µm; ocellocular distance 7.06–8.47 µm.</p><p>Male. Genitalia. Pygofer lobe medioventrally with process with comb-like apex (Figs 59, 60), lobe with apex with cluster of macrosetae, arising from ovoid base (Figs 59, 60); dorsal view as in Fig. 58, anterior apodeme short (Figs 58, 59). Aedeagal shafts sub-parallel, inner margins membranous, denticulate (Fig. 54), laterally as in Fig. 62. Plate triangular as in Fig. 61, lateral subapical margin rugose. Style with elongate, acuminate apophysis, ridge medioventrally; preapical angle deep, rounded; preapical lobe acute; lateral anterior lobe large, wide, right-angled; medial anterior lobe short, triangular (Fig. 63).</p><p>Female. Measurements. (n=30) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.02–2.18 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.83–2.06 mm; vertex 0.34–0.38 mm; next to eye 0.19–0.22 mm; pronotum 0.39–0.43 mm; scutellum 0.39–0.46 mm. Width: head 0.86–0.92 mm; pronotum 0.93–1.00 mm; scutellum 0.58–0.65 mm. Ocellus: diameter 3.82–4.35 µm; ocellocular distance 6.97–8.66 µm.</p><p>Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with deep median V-shaped notch, margins depicting damage (Fig. 67). Valvula 3 (Fig. 66) with uniseriate setae marginally, apex rounded. Valvula 2 (Fig. 72) lanceolate, apical half serrate, slightly narrowed medially; serration regular, fine as in Figs 74, 75 at apex, Fig. 76, medially), medial sclerotized section as in Fig. 73. Valvula 1 (Fig. 68) lanceolate; dorsal and ventral microsculpture imbricate, as in Figs 69, 71 at apex, and Fig. 70 medially.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Gauteng. Pretoria, 25°45ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1450 m, 21.i.1970, B. Buys (SANC). Paratypes. 513, 44Ƥ, 17 nymphs. Gauteng. 143, 8Ƥ, ibid. holotype, 21.i.1970; 33, 2Ƥ, ibid. holotype, 13.xi.1976; 53, 7Ƥ, ibid. holotype, 13.xi.1977; 53, 2Ƥ, 7 nymphs, Faerie Glen Koppies, Pretoria, 25°46ʹS, 28°17ʹE, 4.iii.1994 ; 13, 1Ƥ, 2 nymphs, Rietfontein suburb, Pretoria, 25°41ʹS, 28°14ʹE, 1300 m, 26.xii.2001 ; 53, 3Ƥ, Swawelpoort, Bronberg, SE Pretoria, 25°48ʹS, 28°22ʹE, 1550 m, 17.xi.2004 ; 23, 6Ƥ, 1 nymph, Klapperkop, Pretoria, 25°46ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1469 m, 3.iii.2006 ; 93, 7Ƥ, 7 nymphs, Smuts Koppie, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.237362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.89239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.237362/lat -25.89239)">Irene</a> suburb, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.237362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.89239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.237362/lat -25.89239)">Pretoria</a>, 25°53ʹ32.6ʺS, 28°14ʹ14.5ʺE, 1494 m, 4.iv.2012, hand collected. KwaZulu-Natal. 13, Orange River catchment, 28°53ʹS, 29°01ʹE, 2880 m, 16.iv.2006, sweeping grass and forbs in wetland ; North-West Province. 63, 7Ƥ, Dome Kloof, Magaliesberg, near Mooinooi, 25°50ʹS, 27°32ʹE, 13.iii.2005. All collected by M. Stiller. All collected from Xerophyta retinervis, except where stated otherwise (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p><p>Remarks. Differentiation between species provided under remarks on Xv. furcillatus above. The single, high altitude record from the Drakensberg of KwaZulu-Natal Province is not considered an error, but rather the result of migration on air currents.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/192F0A26311166063CBFFF67FE432869	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2012): New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis. Zootaxa 3509 (1): 35-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2
192F0A26311F66043CBFFAAFFE2F2899.text	192F0A26311F66043CBFFAAFFE2F2899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xerophytacolus	<div><p>Xerophytacolus gen.n.</p><p>Type species: Xerophytacolus tubuverpus sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 12–14, 98–122)</p><p>Gender masculine</p><p>Diagnosis. Coloration distinct, with median yellowish longitudinal stripe flanked laterally by solid fuscous marking extending into tegmina with translucent and yellow cells (Figs 10–13). Face fuscous with single, narrow yellow submarginal line (Figs 8, 99, 100). Head acutely produced, longer than width between eyes. Male pygofer lobe at apex with median process (Figs 83, 84, 105, 107, 108). Plate generally rectangular, with lateral and medial margins convergent; macrosetae present, apex truncate (Figs 81, 106).</p><p>Etymology. Compound word in Latin, Xerophyta, name of the associated plant; suffix - cola, inhabitant.</p><p>Male, female and nymph. Colour. Base color fuscous. Dorsum with yellowish median longitudinal stripe, extending into tegmina to claval suture (Figs 9, 10, 12–14). Face with single, pale yellow transverse submarginal line (Figs 8, 99, 100). Venter fuscous, with some pale yellow spots or markings. Abdomen with yellowish caudal margin on male sternite 8 and female sternites 4–6. Tegmina with cells fuscous or translucent, costal cells with recurved markings; apical cells brown, light brown and some translucent areas; veins dark brown (Fig. 11). Legs with femur black, tibia pale. Nymph dorsally with longitudinal yellowish median bar, somewhat narrowed at wing base and medially on abdomen; laterally fuscous (Figs 9, 14); abdominal tergites with three pairs of spines; legs pale with femur and tibia with narrow brown bands.</p><p>Male, female and nymph. External morphology. Body elongate, vertex acutely angled to face (Fig. 100). Body glabrous. Vertex in dorsal view acutely produced (Fig. 98), face shagreened, dorsally with disc smooth. Pronotum lateral margin carinate. Ocellus marginal, close to eye. Hair-like seta on gena close to lateral frontal suture, close to antennal socket (Fig. 99). Suture between clypeus and clypellus absent or at most weakly developed. Gena very broad, not incised below eye, extended onto dorsum of head and visible behind eye, below lorum not extended beyond clypellus. Tegmina with four apical cells, each of similar size, two anteapical cells (crossvein m-cu2 absent), four recurved veins between costa and outer anteapical cell, some recurved veins arising from outer anteapical cell not attainting costa, with recurved dark markings in basal costal cell not representing veins; claval veins reduced (Figs 11, 101), with two (Fig. 77) or three (Fig. 101) closed anteapical cells. Hind wing venation complete, with four apical cells, jugal lobe well developed (Fig. 102). Profemur setae of anteroventral row with basal setae short, intercalary setae stout, 2–4 times longer than basal setae, AM1 variable, about as long as or slightly longer than intercalary setae. Metafemur dorsoapical setal formula 2+2+1; PD2 setum pale, about ½ shorter than AD1 and PD1, AD3 pale, as long as AD1 and PD1; metatibial setae on row PV with 3 sections of setae, based on length and thickness: basal third short (? as long as greatest width of tibia), medial third longer (½ as long as greatest width of tibia) and distal third with 5–7 slightly longer and thicker setae (½ as long as greatest width of tibia); all setae on rows AV and PD and AD as long as or much longer than greatest width of tibia; PD and AD interspersed with short, robust setae. Tarsomere 1 more than twice as long as tarsomere 2 or 3, plantar surface with two rows of up to 7 macrosetae, apex with spur with seta laterally and 4 spurs with platellae medially. Tarsomere 2 with 2 platellae medially. Protibia setal formula 1+4, metatibia 4+4.</p><p>Male. Internal morphology. Abdominal apodemes, with anterior apodeme, in dorsal view with membranous lobe elongate, about twice long as wide. Tentorium branched symmetrically, Y-shaped, all branches of similar thickness (Fig. 98)</p><p>Male. Genitalia. Pygofer lobe shallowly bilobate, membranous, apex with process, arising marginally or from inner margin (Figs 83, 84, 107, 108). Anal tube with phragma attached to dorsal apodeme of aedeagus. Pygofer with narrow anterior apodeme (Figs 78, 83, 105, 107). Plate rectangular or somewhat converging, apex truncate (Figs 81, 106), uniseriate macrosetae, marginal at base, medial at apex of row; apex membranous; valve broad. Connective Y-shaped (Figs 87, 111), articulating with aedeagus (Figs 86, 87, 109–111). Style with apophysis acute (Fig. 82) or blunt (Fig. 112), preapical lobe acute, medial anterior lobe short, blunt, lateral anterior lobe short. Aedeagal shaft biramous, symmetrical (Figs 85, 86, 109, 110).</p><p>Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with posterior margin concave or W-shaped (Figs 88, 113). Valvula 3 with up to 10 marginal macrosetae (Figs 89, 114). Valvula 2 apical half serrate, medially slightly narrowed (Figs 97, 122), fine denticulation on irregular, crescent-shaped ridges (Figs 94–96, 119–121). Valvula 1 lanceolate (Figs 90, 116) with fine circular microsculpture apically (Figs 91, 93, 115, 117) and rectangular basally (Figs 92, 118).</p><p>Relationships. Xerophytacolus is assigned to Opsiini, based on the biramous aedeagal shaft, connective articulated with the aedeagus and the pygofer lobe process. These three features are present in Circulifer Zachvatkin and Opsius Fieber, the latter both with a pygofer process, and in Hishimonus Ishihara and Libengaia Linnavuori but without the pygofer process. Unusual in Xerophytacolus is the sharp margin between the face and vertex, which in most other members of Opsiini is distinctly rounded, but present in Eremophlepsius Zachvatkin from the Palaearctic Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/192F0A26311F66043CBFFAAFFE2F2899	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2012): New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis. Zootaxa 3509 (1): 35-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2
192F0A26311D661D3CBFF9BEFC9A2E6A.text	192F0A26311D661D3CBFF9BEFC9A2E6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xerophytacolus claviverpus	<div><p>Xerophytacolus claviverpus sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 8–11, 77–97)</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft biramous with subbasal spine; shaft and spine about right-angled to basal part of shaft (Figs 85, 86). Pygofer lobe with median process curved dorsoposteriad (Figs 83, 84). Plate at apex dorsolaterally with finely striated concave region (Figs 81, 83). Sternite 7 of female with W-shaped posterior margin (Fig. 88).</p><p>Etymology. Latin, clavus nail, spike, verpus, penis, for the ventral subbasal spines on the aedeagal paired shaft.</p><p>Male. Measurements. (n=13) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.39–2.51 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 1.91–2.18 mm; vertex 0.47–0.51 mm; next to eye 0.31–0.34 mm; pronotum 0.39–0.42 mm; scutellum 0.43–0.50 mm. Width: head 0.86–0.90 mm; pronotum 0.80–0.85 mm; scutellum 0.56–0.62 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.65–3.07 µm; ocellocular distance 1.24–1.46 µm.</p><p>Male. Genitalia. Pygofer lobe with median process, arising marginally, process straight, directed dorsoposteriad (Figs 83, 84). Paired aedeagal shafts tubular, parallel throughout, apical ½ right angled to base, apex bifurcate, gonopore at base of bifurcation; subbasally with ventral, acute spine (Figs 85, 86). Connective with stem and arms of similar length, stem narrow, arms swollen (Fig. 87). Style with apophysis acute (Fig. 82). Plate in ventral view (Fig. 81) with apex truncated, angulate; 7–8 macrosetae; in lateral view with apical half emarginate with finely striated transverse ridges (Fig. 83). Pygofer dorsally with anal tube incised half-way (Fig. 78). Posterior abdominal apodeme, viewed dorsally, with expanded median lobes (Fig. 80), anterior abdominal apodeme narrow (Fig. 79), in anterior view similar to that of Xc. tubuverpus (Figs 103, 104).</p><p>Female. Measurements. (n=10) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.59–2.80 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.27–2.63 mm; vertex 0.54–0.58 mm; next to eye 0.33–0.36 mm; pronotum 0.42–0.44 mm; scutellum 0.44–0.50 mm. Width: head 0.91–0.95 mm; pronotum 0.87–0.91 mm; scutellum 0.57–0.63 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.64–3.11 µm; ocellocular distance 1.40 µm.</p><p>Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with W-shaped posterior margin (Fig. 88). Valvula 3 with about 10 marginal setae (Fig. 89). Valvula 2 parallel-sided, slightly narrower than serrate apex (Fig. 97); serration regular, fine (Figs 95, 96 serration at apex, 94, serration basally). Valvula 1 (Fig. 90) lanceolate; microsculpture imbricate dorsally and ventrally (Figs 91, 93 at apex, Fig. 92 medially).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Gauteng. Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, 25°39ʹS, 28°57ʹE, 1336 m, 14.xii.2005, M. Stiller, on Xerophyta retinervis (SANC). Paratypes. 113, 11Ƥ, 11 nymphs. Gauteng. 53, 3Ƥ, 10 nymphs, ibid. holotype; 1Ƥ, Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, 25°42ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 1402 m, 14.xii.2005; Mpumalanga. 3Ƥ, Loskopdam near Middelburg, 25°30ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1032 m, 30.iv.1993; all collected by M. Stiller; 13, Two Rivers Platinum Mine, Dwarsrivier Farm portion 372KT, 24°55ʹS, 30°05ʹE, 1255 m, 23.iii.2008, P. Hawkes, J. Fisher, sweeping grass, forbs and shrubs; 23, 1Ƥ, east of Middelburg, 25°46ʹ10.12ʺS, 29°32ʹ44.12ʺE, 1526 m, 8.iv.2011, DVac; 1Ƥ, 1 nymph, Sterkfontein farm portion 52JT, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.114056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.155333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.114056/lat -25.155333)">Everest Mine near Lydenburg</a>, 25°9ʹ19.2ʺS, 30°6ʹ50.6ʺE, 1280 m, 9.ii.2012, M. Stiller, sweeping tall X. retinervis on rock outcrop; Limpopo: 23, 3Ƥ, The Downs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.248064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.19391" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.248064/lat -24.19391)">Orrie Baragwanath Pass</a>, 24°11ʹ38.08ʺS, 30°14ʹ53.03ʺE, 1414 m, 25.iv.2009, collected on Xerophyta sp. on dolomite outcrop. All collected from Xerophyta retinervis, unless stated otherwise (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p><p>Remarks. This species and Xc. tubuverpus are almost identical in shape and colouration, but have distinct male and female genitalia. The shape of the vertex in dorsal view in Xc. claviverpus is more obtuse and shorter (vertex length, male 0.47– 0.35 mm, female 0.53–0.61 mm) and that of Xc. tubuverpus is more acute, and longer (vertex length, male 0.52–0.60 mm, female 0.60–0.71 mm). The dorsal apophysis of the style in Xc. claviverpus is acute, and in Xc. tubuverpus it is blunt. The aedeagus differs distinctly between these two species. In Xc. claviverpus the paired shafts are parallel, has a subbasal spine and the apex is incised. In Xc. tubuverpus the paired shafts are divergent, tubular and without any spine. The sternite 7 of the female in Xc. claviverpus has the posterior margin W-shaped, and in Xc. tubuverpus it is widely emarginate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/192F0A26311D661D3CBFF9BEFC9A2E6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2012): New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis. Zootaxa 3509 (1): 35-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2
192F0A263104661C3CBFFC92FA922C06.text	192F0A263104661C3CBFFC92FA922C06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xerophytacolus tubuverpus	<div><p>Xerophytacolus tubuverpus sp.n.</p><p>(Figs 12–14, 98–122)</p><p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft tubular, uniformly curved dorsolaterally (Figs 109, 110). Pygofer lobe with apex of median process curved ventrad (Figs 107, 108). Plate apex truncate; laterally weakly striate; basally lateral and medial margins convergent, subparallel (Fig. 106). Sternite 7 of female with wide, shallow rounded notch, about as wide as sternite (Fig. 113).</p><p>Etymology. Latin, tubus pipe, verpus penis, for the tubular shape of the paired aedeagal shafts.</p><p>Male. Measurements. (n=10) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.40–2.53 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.00– 2.12 mm; vertex 0.52–0.60 mm; next to eye 0.33–0.35 mm; pronotum 0.38–0.41 mm; scutellum 0.40–0.48 mm. Width: head 0.85–0.90 mm; pronotum 0.82–0.89 mm; scutellum 0.55–0.62 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.64–3.13 µm; ocellocular distance 1.24–1.73 µm.</p><p>Male. Genitalia. Pygofer lobe with median process, attached subbasally on inner margin, apex curved ventrad (Figs 107, 108) with narrow, variable process directed dorsoanteriad (Fig. 108). Anal tube incised half way into pygofer (Fig. 105). Aedeagal shafts tubular, parallel at base, curved dorsad and divergent apicad (Figs 109, 110), gonopore apical, oblique. Connective weakly sclerotized (Fig. 111). Style apophysis apex blunt, small subapical ventral spine (Fig. 112). Plate apex truncate, right-angled, weakly sclerotized (Fig. 106), 12–17 macrosetae. Anterior and posterior abdominal apodemes in posterior view as in Figs 103 and 104, in dorsal view similar to the apodemes of Xc. claviverpus (Figs 79, 80).</p><p>Female. Measurements. (n=6) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.56–2.83 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.31–2.68 mm; vertex 0.60–0.71 mm; next to eye 0.34–0.37 mm; pronotum 0.41–0.44 mm; scutellum 0.42–0.50 mm. Width: head 0.91–0.96 mm; pronotum 0.87–0.93 mm; scutellum 0.54–0.65 mm. Ocellus: diameter 2.87–4.13 µm; ocellocular distance 1.23–1.80 µm.</p><p>Female. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with wide, rounded notch (Fig. 113). Valvula 3 with about 7 setae in apical half (Fig. 114), additional fine setae basally. Valvula 2 (Fig. 122) serrate dorsally on apical third, serration very fine, on rounded protrusions (Figs 120, 121, serration at apex, Fig. 119, serration medially). Valvula 1 lanceolate (Fig. 116), imbricate microsculpture (Figs 115, 117, at apex, Fig. 118, more rectangular medially).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Gauteng. Faerie Glen Nature Reserve, Pretoria, 25°46ʹS, 28°17ʹE, 1450 m, 18.iii.1998, M. Stiller, on Xerophyta retinervis (SANC). Paratypes. 113, 7Ƥ, 14 nymphs. Gauteng. 33, 1Ƥ, 1 nymph, Pienaarspoort, 25°44ʹS, 28°27ʹE, 1400 m, 23.iii.1993, sweeping grass; 1Ƥ, 4 nymphs, Faerie Glen Nature Reserve, Pretoria, 25°46ʹS, 28°17ʹE, 1450 m, 12.iii.1998; 43, 2Ƥ, 7 nymphs, ibid., holotype; 23, Rietfontein suburb, Pretoria, 25°41ʹS, 28°14ʹE, 1300 m, 26.xii.2001; 1Ƥ, Zonderwater, south of Cullinan, 25°42ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 1488 m, 14.xii.2005; 13, 1Ƥ, Ezemvelo Nature Reserve, at small dam, 25°43ʹS, 28°58ʹE, 1320 m, 4.iv.2006. Limpopo. 1Ƥ, Kransberg summit, NE of Thabazimbi, 24°28ʹS, 27°37ʹE, 2000 m, 23.iv.2005. Mpumalanga. 1Ƥ, Balmoral vicinity, 25°52ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 1460 m, 17.ii.2005, sweeping grass with some Xerophyta retinervis present; 13, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.250639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.517445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.250639/lat -25.517445)">Loskopdam Nature Reserve</a>, 25°31ʹ2.8ʺS, 29°15ʹ2.3ʺE, 1174 m, 8.iv.2012. All collected by M. Stiller, on Xerophyta retinervis, except where stated otherwise (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p><p>Remarks. This species and Xc. claviverpus are similar in color and shape, with distinguishing features present in male and female genitalia, and which are discussed in the remarks under the description of Xc. claviverpus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/192F0A263104661C3CBFFC92FA922C06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2012): New leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) which feed on Velloziaceae from Southern Africa, with a discussion of their trophobiosis. Zootaxa 3509 (1): 35-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3509.1.2
