taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827348	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure5	Figure 5. A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8952, lectotype B HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 C L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 D L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08400 - spec. 1.	Figure 5. A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8952, lectotype B HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 C L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 D L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08400 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827349	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure6	Figure 6. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B left part of dart sac apparatus C right view of dart sac apparatus, showing position of proximal accessory sacs D ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 6. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B left part of dart sac apparatus C right view of dart sac apparatus, showing position of proximal accessory sacs D ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827384	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure41	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827389	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure46	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827393	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure50	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827395	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure52	Figure 52. Schematics of terminal genitalia of some dart-sac-bearing camaenids A Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 8142 - spec. 1 - 15, 9 fma; Qingyang, Gansu, 35.738 ° N, 107.701 ° E, 1353 m a. s. l.; coll. Sheng, X. - F., 2017 - VII) B " Cathaica " Cathaica pulveratricula (Martens, 1882) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 08208), one proximal accessory sac is present at the left side of dart sac C Laeocathaica spp. with two proximal accessory sacs at both sides of dart sac D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, without proximal accessory sac and with elongated vagina above dart sac E L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, with two tiny proximal accessory sacs and with elongated vagina above dart sac F L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), with a proximal accessory sac at the right side of dart sac. Notes: any fleshy septum inside dart sac chamber is not shown; red dots indicate openings of proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; MG - mucous glands; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina.	Figure 52. Schematics of terminal genitalia of some dart-sac-bearing camaenids A Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 8142 - spec. 1 - 15, 9 fma; Qingyang, Gansu, 35.738 ° N, 107.701 ° E, 1353 m a. s. l.; coll. Sheng, X. - F., 2017 - VII) B " Cathaica " Cathaica pulveratricula (Martens, 1882) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 08208), one proximal accessory sac is present at the left side of dart sac C Laeocathaica spp. with two proximal accessory sacs at both sides of dart sac D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, without proximal accessory sac and with elongated vagina above dart sac E L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, with two tiny proximal accessory sacs and with elongated vagina above dart sac F L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), with a proximal accessory sac at the right side of dart sac. Notes: any fleshy septum inside dart sac chamber is not shown; red dots indicate openings of proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; MG - mucous glands; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827358	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure15	Figure 15. Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8959, lectotype B SMF 95024 C HBUMM 054361.	Figure 15. Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8959, lectotype B SMF 95024 C HBUMM 054361.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ADC7D54B847F567B95597DF8581B2718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827376	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure33	Figure 33. Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9074, lectotype B SMF 9075, paratype C SMF 9077, paratype D HBUMM 05664.	Figure 33. Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9074, lectotype B SMF 9075, paratype C SMF 9077, paratype D HBUMM 05664.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
05D5831B947D580B8ABB168C18BF373A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
05D5831B947D580B8ABB168C18BF373A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827348	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure5	Figure 5. A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8952, lectotype B HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 C L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 D L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08400 - spec. 1.	Figure 5. A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8952, lectotype B HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 C L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 D L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08400 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
05D5831B947D580B8ABB168C18BF373A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827351	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure8	Figure 8. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1 A general view B cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) C apical view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 8. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1 A general view B cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) C apical view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
05D5831B947D580B8ABB168C18BF373A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827384	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure41	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
05D5831B947D580B8ABB168C18BF373A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827352	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure9	Figure 9. Laeocathaica carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) A NHMUK V. W. McAndrew coll. Acc. no. 1563 B SMF 24265 C SMF 95116 D HBUMM 08443 - spec. 1 E HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2.	Figure 9. Laeocathaica carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) A NHMUK V. W. McAndrew coll. Acc. no. 1563 B SMF 24265 C SMF 95116 D HBUMM 08443 - spec. 1 E HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827353	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure10	Figure 10. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 1 A general view B apical view of dart sac apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; L - left; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; R - right; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 10. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 1 A general view B apical view of dart sac apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; L - left; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; R - right; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827386	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure43	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827393	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure50	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
11B03A67FB605D4295C28D764E82CEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827380	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure37	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827382	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure39	Figure 39. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart apparatus C left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 39. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart apparatus C left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827387	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure44	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827389	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure46	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827392	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure49	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
20A61D03F1AD536992C9B45322C7D8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3D2C7EE739745D7A8B9638B4A770FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3D2C7EE739745D7A8B9638B4A770FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827354	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure11	Figure 11. A Laeocathaica minwui Pall-Gergely, 2022, SMF 24255 a B L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1.	Figure 11. A Laeocathaica minwui Pall-Gergely, 2022, SMF 24255 a B L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3D2C7EE739745D7A8B9638B4A770FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827355	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure12	Figure 12. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica christinae (H. Adams, 1870) A, C HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1 B, D HBUMM 04204 - spec. 1 A general view B-D apical, ventral, and left views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AO - opening of accessory sac leading to dart chamber; AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber or dart sac chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 12. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica christinae (H. Adams, 1870) A, C HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1 B, D HBUMM 04204 - spec. 1 A general view B-D apical, ventral, and left views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AO - opening of accessory sac leading to dart chamber; AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber or dart sac chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3D2C7EE739745D7A8B9638B4A770FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3D2C7EE739745D7A8B9638B4A770FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
EDEC6696AE015529B9214DC0DE788243.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
EDEC6696AE015529B9214DC0DE788243.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827356	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure13	Figure 13. A, B Laeocathaica dejeana (Heude, 1882) A SMF 23919, lectotype B NHMUK 1902.5.13.1 - 2 C-E L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9086, lectotype D SMF 9087, paratype E HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1.	Figure 13. A, B Laeocathaica dejeana (Heude, 1882) A SMF 23919, lectotype B NHMUK 1902.5.13.1 - 2 C-E L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9086, lectotype D SMF 9087, paratype E HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827358	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure15	Figure 15. Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8959, lectotype B SMF 95024 C HBUMM 054361.	Figure 15. Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8959, lectotype B SMF 95024 C HBUMM 054361.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827359	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure16	Figure 16. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 A, B HBUMM 05436 C, D HBUMM 05417 A general view B-D ventral, left, and apical views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AO - opening of accessory sac leading to dart chamber; AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 16. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 A, B HBUMM 05436 C, D HBUMM 05417 A general view B-D ventral, left, and apical views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AO - opening of accessory sac leading to dart chamber; AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827384	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure41	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827389	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure46	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827393	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure50	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
3A59635F074F5FB39F7568F7374EB38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4015175F1E975075BF10C42A914EE6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4015175F1E975075BF10C42A914EE6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4015175F1E975075BF10C42A914EE6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827356	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure13	Figure 13. A, B Laeocathaica dejeana (Heude, 1882) A SMF 23919, lectotype B NHMUK 1902.5.13.1 - 2 C-E L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9086, lectotype D SMF 9087, paratype E HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1.	Figure 13. A, B Laeocathaica dejeana (Heude, 1882) A SMF 23919, lectotype B NHMUK 1902.5.13.1 - 2 C-E L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9086, lectotype D SMF 9087, paratype E HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4015175F1E975075BF10C42A914EE6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827357	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure14	Figure 14. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) D left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 14. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) D left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4015175F1E975075BF10C42A914EE6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827384	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure41	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4015175F1E975075BF10C42A914EE6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
B4855E0DAD8351DD8796DCBD854C48EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
B4855E0DAD8351DD8796DCBD854C48EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827348	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure5	Figure 5. A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8952, lectotype B HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 C L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 D L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08400 - spec. 1.	Figure 5. A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 8952, lectotype B HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 C L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 D L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08400 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
B4855E0DAD8351DD8796DCBD854C48EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827350	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure7	Figure 7. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934) A general view, HBUMM 08439 - spec. 1 B left view of dart sac apparatus, HBUMM 08439 - spec. 1 C ventral view of dart sac apparatus, HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 7. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934) A general view, HBUMM 08439 - spec. 1 B left view of dart sac apparatus, HBUMM 08439 - spec. 1 C ventral view of dart sac apparatus, HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
B4855E0DAD8351DD8796DCBD854C48EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
B4855E0DAD8351DD8796DCBD854C48EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
B4855E0DAD8351DD8796DCBD854C48EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827395	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure52	Figure 52. Schematics of terminal genitalia of some dart-sac-bearing camaenids A Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 8142 - spec. 1 - 15, 9 fma; Qingyang, Gansu, 35.738 ° N, 107.701 ° E, 1353 m a. s. l.; coll. Sheng, X. - F., 2017 - VII) B " Cathaica " Cathaica pulveratricula (Martens, 1882) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 08208), one proximal accessory sac is present at the left side of dart sac C Laeocathaica spp. with two proximal accessory sacs at both sides of dart sac D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, without proximal accessory sac and with elongated vagina above dart sac E L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, with two tiny proximal accessory sacs and with elongated vagina above dart sac F L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), with a proximal accessory sac at the right side of dart sac. Notes: any fleshy septum inside dart sac chamber is not shown; red dots indicate openings of proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; MG - mucous glands; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina.	Figure 52. Schematics of terminal genitalia of some dart-sac-bearing camaenids A Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 8142 - spec. 1 - 15, 9 fma; Qingyang, Gansu, 35.738 ° N, 107.701 ° E, 1353 m a. s. l.; coll. Sheng, X. - F., 2017 - VII) B " Cathaica " Cathaica pulveratricula (Martens, 1882) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 08208), one proximal accessory sac is present at the left side of dart sac C Laeocathaica spp. with two proximal accessory sacs at both sides of dart sac D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, without proximal accessory sac and with elongated vagina above dart sac E L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, with two tiny proximal accessory sacs and with elongated vagina above dart sac F L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), with a proximal accessory sac at the right side of dart sac. Notes: any fleshy septum inside dart sac chamber is not shown; red dots indicate openings of proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; MG - mucous glands; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
D0AFF918D78354B8BEE3669023620D3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
D0AFF918D78354B8BEE3669023620D3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827360	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure17	Figure 17. Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882) A SMF 24266 b B, C NHMUK ex Salisburg Acc. No. 2044 D HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1.	Figure 17. Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882) A SMF 24266 b B, C NHMUK ex Salisburg Acc. No. 2044 D HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
D0AFF918D78354B8BEE3669023620D3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827361	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure18	Figure 18. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; DS - dart sac; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 18. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; DS - dart sac; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
D0AFF918D78354B8BEE3669023620D3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827384	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure41	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 41. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 - spec. 1, general view D, E L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1 D general view E proximal penis F L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08300 - spec. 1, general view G, H L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1 G general view H proximal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
D0AFF918D78354B8BEE3669023620D3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827391	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure48	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
D0AFF918D78354B8BEE3669023620D3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5F71F6FF285A58D79582BC75CE2AB91D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827362	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure19	Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype.	Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
27571AFE5E2C5F4A96129370C9D14F83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
27571AFE5E2C5F4A96129370C9D14F83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827354	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure11	Figure 11. A Laeocathaica minwui Pall-Gergely, 2022, SMF 24255 a B L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1.	Figure 11. A Laeocathaica minwui Pall-Gergely, 2022, SMF 24255 a B L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
A3BE6C9E0F9951698407437356ABBE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827354	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure11	Figure 11. A Laeocathaica minwui Pall-Gergely, 2022, SMF 24255 a B L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1.	Figure 11. A Laeocathaica minwui Pall-Gergely, 2022, SMF 24255 a B L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
A3BE6C9E0F9951698407437356ABBE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827356	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure13	Figure 13. A, B Laeocathaica dejeana (Heude, 1882) A SMF 23919, lectotype B NHMUK 1902.5.13.1 - 2 C-E L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9086, lectotype D SMF 9087, paratype E HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1.	Figure 13. A, B Laeocathaica dejeana (Heude, 1882) A SMF 23919, lectotype B NHMUK 1902.5.13.1 - 2 C-E L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9086, lectotype D SMF 9087, paratype E HBUMM 00698 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
A3BE6C9E0F9951698407437356ABBE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827368	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure25	Figure 25. Laeocathaica parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov. A-E paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 2 - 6 F holotype, HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1 G-I paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 7 - 9. Both A, H show four views B-G, I show apical view only.	Figure 25. Laeocathaica parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov. A-E paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 2 - 6 F holotype, HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1 G-I paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 7 - 9. Both A, H show four views B-G, I show apical view only.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4436028B101256E5AD42AC719F02AC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4436028B101256E5AD42AC719F02AC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827380	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure37	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4436028B101256E5AD42AC719F02AC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4436028B101256E5AD42AC719F02AC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827392	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure49	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4436028B101256E5AD42AC719F02AC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827362	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure19	Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype.	Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827363	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure20	Figure 20. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus C left view of dart sac apparatus D cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 20. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus C left view of dart sac apparatus D cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2681AAF65FF253D2ABC0F606FEDA24B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4EB26675F8C958C6BCC1DA0DCC8EA910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4EB26675F8C958C6BCC1DA0DCC8EA910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827368	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure25	Figure 25. Laeocathaica parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov. A-E paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 2 - 6 F holotype, HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1 G-I paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 7 - 9. Both A, H show four views B-G, I show apical view only.	Figure 25. Laeocathaica parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov. A-E paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 2 - 6 F holotype, HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1 G-I paratypes HBUMM 06640 - spec. 7 - 9. Both A, H show four views B-G, I show apical view only.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4EB26675F8C958C6BCC1DA0DCC8EA910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827370	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure27	Figure 27. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 27. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4EB26675F8C958C6BCC1DA0DCC8EA910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4EB26675F8C958C6BCC1DA0DCC8EA910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827391	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure48	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
4EB26675F8C958C6BCC1DA0DCC8EA910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827367	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure24	Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.	Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827362	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure19	Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype.	Figure 19. A Laeocathaica leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9073, lectotype B, C L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 8954, holotype C HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 D L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, SMF 9084, lectotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827364	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure21	Figure 21. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " A general view B left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 21. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " A general view B left view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
086CA1D608585F29BEB167E8DB90E77E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827365	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure22	Figure 22. Laeocathaica phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9089, lectotype B SMF 9090, paratype C HBUMM 05433 a-spec. 6.	Figure 22. Laeocathaica phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9089, lectotype B SMF 9090, paratype C HBUMM 05433 a-spec. 6.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827366	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure23	Figure 23. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 a-spec. 6 A general view B, C ventral and left views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 23. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 a-spec. 6 A general view B, C ventral and left views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827385	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure42	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 42. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 00069 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a-spec. 1, general view D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05433 - spec. 1 E L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 - spec. 1 F L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, ZIN RAS No. 4, " Aegista pewzowi Schalf. " G, H L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 1, holotype G general view H proximal part. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827391	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure48	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
8B5466A0C80456DC9BBB5323E948384B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827395	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure52	Figure 52. Schematics of terminal genitalia of some dart-sac-bearing camaenids A Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 8142 - spec. 1 - 15, 9 fma; Qingyang, Gansu, 35.738 ° N, 107.701 ° E, 1353 m a. s. l.; coll. Sheng, X. - F., 2017 - VII) B " Cathaica " Cathaica pulveratricula (Martens, 1882) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 08208), one proximal accessory sac is present at the left side of dart sac C Laeocathaica spp. with two proximal accessory sacs at both sides of dart sac D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, without proximal accessory sac and with elongated vagina above dart sac E L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, with two tiny proximal accessory sacs and with elongated vagina above dart sac F L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), with a proximal accessory sac at the right side of dart sac. Notes: any fleshy septum inside dart sac chamber is not shown; red dots indicate openings of proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; MG - mucous glands; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina.	Figure 52. Schematics of terminal genitalia of some dart-sac-bearing camaenids A Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 8142 - spec. 1 - 15, 9 fma; Qingyang, Gansu, 35.738 ° N, 107.701 ° E, 1353 m a. s. l.; coll. Sheng, X. - F., 2017 - VII) B " Cathaica " Cathaica pulveratricula (Martens, 1882) (stylized pattern from HBUMM 08208), one proximal accessory sac is present at the left side of dart sac C Laeocathaica spp. with two proximal accessory sacs at both sides of dart sac D L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, without proximal accessory sac and with elongated vagina above dart sac E L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, with two tiny proximal accessory sacs and with elongated vagina above dart sac F L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), with a proximal accessory sac at the right side of dart sac. Notes: any fleshy septum inside dart sac chamber is not shown; red dots indicate openings of proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; MG - mucous glands; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827367	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure24	Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.	Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827369	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure26	Figure 26. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) C, D left and ventral side of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 26. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) C, D left and ventral side of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DSC - dart sac chamber; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827386	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure43	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
5968961453085EFFBB496202AE40C409.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827367	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure24	Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.	Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827371	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure28	Figure 28. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1 A general view B-D right, apical, and ventral views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 28. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1 A general view B-D right, apical, and ventral views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827386	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure43	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
CD8C9B6DB1F85FE786726144EFB3162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827346	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure3	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827372	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure29	Figure 29. Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9080, lectotype of L. prionotropis albocincta Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 9078, lectotype C SMF 9079, paratype D HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1.	Figure 29. Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9080, lectotype of L. prionotropis albocincta Moellendorff, 1899 B SMF 9078, lectotype C SMF 9079, paratype D HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827373	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure30	Figure 30. Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1 A general view B right view of dart sac apparatus C ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 30. Laeocathaica prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1 A general view B right view of dart sac apparatus C ventral view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827386	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure43	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827387	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure44	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
53E2C1D851645C8CAAFF5F2B8BA5389A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
0F282EF9FCA05274BFC0E2E577622069.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
0F282EF9FCA05274BFC0E2E577622069.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827378	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure35	Figure 35. A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov. A holotype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1 B paratype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 2 C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov. C holotype, HBUMM 08422 - spec. 1 D paratype, HBUMM 08448 - spec. 1.	Figure 35. A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov. A holotype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1 B paratype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 2 C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov. C holotype, HBUMM 08422 - spec. 1 D paratype, HBUMM 08448 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
0F282EF9FCA05274BFC0E2E577622069.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827391	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure48	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
0F282EF9FCA05274BFC0E2E577622069.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827392	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure49	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
0F282EF9FCA05274BFC0E2E577622069.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827380	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure37	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827383	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure40	Figure 40. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) D right view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 40. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A) D right view of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827387	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure44	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827392	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure49	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827393	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure50	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
054008F03B015BDFBF5CD5CA214D6AF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827353	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure10	Figure 10. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 1 A general view B apical view of dart sac apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; L - left; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; R - right; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 10. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 1 A general view B apical view of dart sac apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; L - left; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; R - right; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827347	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure4	Figure 4. Terminal genitalia in the evaginated pouch in Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov. (HBUMM 08298 - spec. 8, paratype), showing relative position of dart sac apparatus, vagina, and penis A evaginated pouch of terminal genitalia B the exposed pouch. Arrow indicates the position of the proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: DS - dart sac; Dt - love dart; EDC - entrance of dart chamber; EOV - external opening of vagina; EOP - external opening of penis; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart sac chamber or dart chamber; Va - vagina.	Figure 4. Terminal genitalia in the evaginated pouch in Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov. (HBUMM 08298 - spec. 8, paratype), showing relative position of dart sac apparatus, vagina, and penis A evaginated pouch of terminal genitalia B the exposed pouch. Arrow indicates the position of the proximal accessory sac. Abbreviations: DS - dart sac; Dt - love dart; EDC - entrance of dart chamber; EOV - external opening of vagina; EOP - external opening of penis; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart sac chamber or dart chamber; Va - vagina.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827378	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure35	Figure 35. A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov. A holotype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1 B paratype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 2 C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov. C holotype, HBUMM 08422 - spec. 1 D paratype, HBUMM 08448 - spec. 1.	Figure 35. A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov. A holotype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1 B paratype, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 2 C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov. C holotype, HBUMM 08422 - spec. 1 D paratype, HBUMM 08448 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827379	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure36	Figure 36. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus C left view of dart sac apparatus D cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 36. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype A general view B ventral view of dart sac apparatus C left view of dart sac apparatus D cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PO - opening of proximal accessory sac leading to dart chamber; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827387	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure44	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827391	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure48	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	Figure 48. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08298, paratype A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08448, paratype C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899, CZG 202008 - w 3, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. filippina (Heude, 1882), HBUMM 04166 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 06640 - spec. 9, paratype I protoconch J teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
30C7BD1AD6A35ACC99F39B276BA888CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827392	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure49	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	Figure 49. Habitats (excluding D) A, B Laeocathaica qishilii Wu, sp. nov., border of Jiuzhaigou County and Wen County C L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., Guoyuanxiang, Jiuzhaigou D L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., an indoor photograph E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., Dagou Nature Reserve, Qingchuan County F L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., Hengdan, Wenxian.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827374	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure31	Figure 31. Laeocathaica stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9071, lectotype B SMF 8951, paratype C HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1.	Figure 31. Laeocathaica stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9071, lectotype B SMF 8951, paratype C HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827375	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure32	Figure 32. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 A general view B left view of dart sac apparatus C ventral view of dart apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; Dt - love dart; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	Figure 32. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 A general view B left view of dart sac apparatus C ventral view of dart apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; Dt - love dart; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827386	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure43	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827389	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure46	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827393	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure50	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
2563D1EB7966572D8B60C1C12871CE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827388	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure45	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827376	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure33	Figure 33. Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9074, lectotype B SMF 9075, paratype C SMF 9077, paratype D HBUMM 05664.	Figure 33. Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9074, lectotype B SMF 9075, paratype C SMF 9077, paratype D HBUMM 05664.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827377	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure34	Figure 34. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view B right view of dart sac apparatus, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C ventral view of dart apparatus A, C HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 34. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view B right view of dart sac apparatus, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C ventral view of dart apparatus A, C HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827387	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure44	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827389	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure46	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 46. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05479 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05640 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05664 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08368, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827393	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure50	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	Figure 50. Scatter plots of canonical variate 1 against canonical variate 2 (Canonical Variate Analysis), showing the shell morphological relationships among A Laeocathaica distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots; a, average shape), L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots; b, average shape) and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; c, average shape) B L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (green dots; a, average shape), L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots; b, average shape) and L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (blue dots; c, average shape). Encircled dots: 1, SMF 8959, lectotype; 2, HBUMM 05436 - spec. 1; 3, SMF 8952, lectotype; 4, SMF 9074, lectotype; 5, paratype of L. dangchangensis Chen & Zhang, 2004; 6, SMF 9071, lectotype; 7, syntype, NHMUK 1870.7.16.7. Data for 5 from fig. 7 D, 6 and 7 from fig. 12 in Pall-Gergely et al. 2022.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
ABDDE8661BE958A596D8F8618DD6D3E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827394	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure51	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
16C587B4309A5E09B48940415C74B751.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827345	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure2	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
16C587B4309A5E09B48940415C74B751.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827380	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure37	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	Figure 37. A Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype B L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype C L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 1, holotype D L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446 - spec. 1, holotype.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
16C587B4309A5E09B48940415C74B751.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827381	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure38	Figure 38. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype A general view B right view of dart apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	Figure 38. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype A general view B right view of dart apparatus C cross-section of dart sac at the position arrowed in (A). Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
16C587B4309A5E09B48940415C74B751.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827387	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure44	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	Figure 44. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 A general view, HBUMM 05619 - spec. 1 B proximal penis, HBUMM 05664 - spec. 1 C L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 08298 - spec. 1, holotype D L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 05553 - spec. 1, holotype E L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., general view, HBUMM 01179 - spec. 1, holotype F-H L. cheni Wu, sp. nov. F, G HBUMM 05553 b-spec. 1, holotype F general view G proximal penis H HBUMM 08428 - spec. 1, paratype, partial internal view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
16C587B4309A5E09B48940415C74B751.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/827390	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.86237.figure47	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	Figure 47. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica odophora Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08430 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dolani (Pilsbry, 1934), HBUMM 08439 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 08446, paratype, subadult E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 08452 G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinalis Chen & Zhang, 2004, HBUMM 08453 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 05553 - spec. 2, paratype, juvenile K protoconch L teleoconch.	2023-03-20	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang		Zenodo	biologists	Wu, Min;Shen, Wang;Chen, Zhong-Guang			
