identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
18494D13FFF8FF8BFE64FE28FA71FBCC.text	18494D13FFF8FF8BFE64FE28FA71FBCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opilioacarus With 1902	<div><p>Opilioacarus With, 1902</p> <p>Type species Opilioacarus segmentatus With, 1902: by original designation</p> <p>The genus currently includes four extant species, namely O. segmentatus With, 1902</p> <p>(Mediterranean region of Algeria), O. italicus (With, 1904) (Sicily), O. brignolii Araújo and</p> <p>Di Palma, 2018 (southern part of the Italian peninsula and Sardinia), and O. baeticus Moraza,</p> <p>Prieto and Balanzategui, 2021 (Spain). O. italicus is a nomen dubium (Araújo et al. 2018b).</p> <p>Types of this species are missing, the original description is insufficient, and the recollecting efforts at the type locality were unsuccessful (Araújo et al. 2018b). The main differences between the species of Opilioacarus described by With are in the size of their legs. Information on chaetotaxy, a standard feature nowadays, was provided only for species described recently</p> <p>(Araújo et al. 2018b, Moraza et al. 2021) and partially for O. segmentatus (Grandjean 1936).</p> <p>Recently, two fossil species have been placed putatively into the genus Opilioacarus, namely the Eocene O. aenigmus Dunlop et al., 2010 from Baltic amber (Dunlop et al. 2010) and the Upper Cretaceous O. groehni Dunlop and Bernardi, 2014 from Burmese amber (Dunlop and Bernardi 2014). These findings indicate a considerable antiquity of the clade containing</p> <p>Opilioacarus.</p> <p>Diagnosis: 4–6 foliate d setae (d1) and one slightly pectinate d seta (d2) on palp. With´s organ membranous, discoid, hyaline. Two pairs of dorsolateral eyes, preanal region with 4–5</p> <p>dorsal setae and 2 lateroventral setae. Dorsal segments between prodorsal shield and preanal region without setae. Leg I exhibits crown-like eupathidium (ζ1) close to main sensilla group.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18494D13FFF8FF8BFE64FE28FA71FBCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Maria Magdalena;Herrera, Ivalú Macarena Ávila;Just, Pavel;Lerma, Azucena Claudia Reyes;Chatzaki, Maria;Heller, Tim Lukas;Král, Jiří	Vázquez, Maria Magdalena, Herrera, Ivalú Macarena Ávila, Just, Pavel, Lerma, Azucena Claudia Reyes, Chatzaki, Maria, Heller, Tim Lukas, Král, Jiří (2021): A new opilioacarid species (Parasitiformes: Opilioacarida) from Crete (Greece) with notes on its karyotype. Acarologia 61 (3): 548-563, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20214449, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214449
18494D13FFF8FF83FE64FBCCFA5BF8AE.text	18494D13FFF8FF83FE64FBCCFA5BF8AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opilioacarus thaleri Vázquez & Herrera & Just & Lerma & Chatzaki & Heller & Král 2021	<div><p>Opilioacarus thaleri n. sp. Vázquez, Ávila and Just</p> <p>Zoobank: 9E2813B3-3B51-424B-A57C-85DD2F0C95C4</p> <p>Figures 3–10</p> <p>Material examined — Specimens examined were collected manually by J. Král, 1.– 8. V. 2019 in Greece, western Crete, Georgioupolis, hill to the west of the town, 35.372193°</p> <p>N, 24.256336° E. To evaluate characters, the slides were prepared from holotype female, 3 paratype females, and 4 paratype males. Specimens dissected for chromosomes were preserved in 96% ethanol. Some of them (6 females, 4 males) were also slide-mounted. These specimens are also designated as paratypes. The type material is deposited in the collection of JK (Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic).</p> <p>Etymology — This species is dedicated to Konrad Thaler and his wife Barbara ThalerKnoflach, outstanding Austrian arachnologists, who collected and reported opilioacarids from several places in Greece (Thaler and Knoflach 2002).</p> <p>Diagnosis — Palp genu with ~6 p – type setae, palp femur with 13 p – type setae. Palp tarsus with foliate setae d1 with 3 rounded ending acute lobes each and 1 thin pectinate seta d2. Males and females differ by number of setae d1. While males exhibit 6 setae d1, females shows only</p> <p>5 d1 setae. Pregenital region in males with 3 short and thick, ribbed and blunt pregenital setae. Pregenital region in females without pregenital setae. It has 6 eugenital setae. Genital region in males with 11 thin and lightly serrated and tapering setae. Ovipositor of the simple type, folded with 2 pairs of glands and two pairs of ducts on the basis. Internal basal structure of the ovispositor smooth, without any spikes, bifurcated on the top.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>Measurements are summarized in Table 1.</p> <p>Gnathosoma</p> <p>Chelicera (Figure 4A). Basal segment with 1 seta, fixed digit with 3 setae. All setae are lightly barbed. Dorsal and antiaxial lyrifissures well developed. Fixed digit with one tooth, movable digit with 1–3 teeth and a well developed terminal hook. Movable digit with large denticle and two very small denticles. Without sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Subcapitulum (Figure 4B). All four pairs of paralabial setae are present: pl1 small, conical; With´s organ (pl2) membranous, hyaline, discoid and barbulated. Rutella pl3 () with 1 row of 5 teeth, inserted dorsolaterally; pl4 small but distintct, inserted dorsally on subcapitulum.</p> <p>In addition, 4 circumbuccal cb () and 5–7 medium and subcapitular, latero-ventral (ventral medium in part), latero-ventral medium, latero-dorsal medium, ventral posterior, and lateroventral posterior setae. Females with 5 subcapitular setae, males with 7 subcapitular setae. Lateral lips with distinct channels.</p> <p>Palp (Figures 5–7, Tables 2, 3). Trochanter with 4 ribbed, tapering setae (= r – type) in females (Figure 5A), males with 5 r – type setae (Figure 6A); femur with 7 papilliform setae (=</p> <p>p – type) in females (Figure 5B), males with 13 p – type setae (Figure 6B); genu with 4 p – type setae and 19 r – type setae in females (Figure 5C), males with 6 p – type setae and 29 r – type setae (Figure 6C); tibia with 17 long lightly serrate and pointed setae s (= – type) and 20 r – type setae and two thin smoth sensilla ss () in females (Figure 5D), males with 26 s – type setae and</p> <p>36 r – type setae and 2 ss (Figure 6D). Tibia and tarsus partially fussed. Tarsus with 6 foliate</p> <p>(d1 – type) and 1 pectinate (d2 – type) setae in males (Figure 7A–B). Females with 5 foliate d1</p> <p>setae and 1 pectinate d2 (Figure 7C–D). Females with 6 v1, 3 v2, 3 ss, 14 ch, 5 sm1, 3 sm2.</p> <p>Males with 8 v1, 3 v2, 3 ss, 12–14 ch, 6 sm1, 3 sm2 (Table 3). Lyrifisures iα and iπ present</p> <p>(Figure 7A–B). Pretarsus with a pair of well-developed, smoth, sessile claws (Figure 7).</p> <p>Idiosoma</p> <p>Color. Light blue and violet body; combination of blue-purple and white stripes on the legs.</p> <p>Sternogenital region (Figures 8–9, Table 4). Sternal verrucae in adults each with 3–4 large serrate and pointed and 1 composite st (1) setae. Remaining sternal region with 4–5 pairs of stout, ribbed, setae with blunt-tips, and 2 pairs of composite st (1) setae in both females and males. Pregenital capsules each with 1 long tapering seta st5 () and 4–5 stout, ribbed,</p> <p>blunt-tipped setae (Table 4).</p> <p>Pregenital area in males with 3 short ribbed blunt-tips pregenital setae (Figure 8A).</p> <p>setae follows Grandjean (1936) and Vázquez and Klompen (2002).</p> <p>Pregenital area in females without pregenital setae (Figure 8B, Table 4). It has 6 thin lightly serrated eugenital setae (Figure 9A, Table 4). Genital region in males with 11 thin lightly serrated genital setae (Figure 8A). Ovipositor folded, with two pairs of gland-like structures and a pair of ducts. Internal basal structure smooth, without any spikes, bifurcated on the top</p> <p>(Figure 9B).</p> <p>Dorsum. Prodorsal shield in adults with 60–70 stout ribbed setae and two pairs of lateral eyes. Dorsal idiosoma between the shield and the pre-anal segment without setae, but with numerous lyrifissures arranged in transverse rows. Pre-anal segment with 4–5 dorsal and two lateroventral short, stout and ribbed setae (Figure 9C). Anal plates with 12–13 papilliform setae. Dorsum without sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Taxonomic remarks</p> <p>The material collected in Crete, Greece allowed us to describe a new species O. thaleri and to compare it with O. segmentatus, O. brignolii and O. baeticus. It should be underlined that the diversity of Opilioacarus could be higher than recognized. Specimens from other Greek localities [Peloponnese (Thaler and Knoflach 2002), island of Korfu (Silvestri 1905), islands of Kasos, Karpathos and Rhodes (Beron 1990)] were not revised yet. Moreover, data on Opilioacarus indicate that this genus occurs throughout all the coast of Mediterranean Sea forming many species, which inhabit a narrow geographic region.</p> <p>The number of the setae on the penultimate segment is one of the main characteristics of the genus Opilioacarus. There are 4–5 dorsal and two lateroventral stout ribbed setae in both female and male. This characteristic is constant in the genus. The genus Neocarus has only one dorsal and two lateroventral stout ribbed setae on the penultimate segment.</p> <p>There is some variation in the number of setae on the palp among Opilioacarus species. Opilioacarus segmentatus and O. baeticus have 5 foliated d 1 type setae on the palp (Grandjean 1936 ; Moraza et al. 2021) while O. brignolii has 4 foliated d 1 type setae (Araújo et al. 2018b). Males of O. thaleri present 6 foliated d1 setae while females of this species have 5 foliated d1 (this study). The lowest number of ch – type setae was found in O. brignolii (11–14) (Araújo et al. 2018b) and O. thaleri (12 in females and 14 in males) (this study). Opilioacarus segmentatus has 16 ch setae (Grandjean 1936) while O. baeticus exhibits 23 ch setae in females and 16 ch setae in males (Moraza et al. 2021).</p> <p>In the genital area, the differences among Opilioacarus species are also significant. Pattern of eugenital setae in female pregenital area is often species-specific. Opilioacarus segmentatus and O. baeticus exhibits 5 eugenital setae (Grandjean 1936 ; Moraza et al. 2021). Opilioacarus brignolii presents 4–9 smooth eugenital setae (Araújo et al. 2018b) while O. thaleri shows</p> <p>6 of these setae (this study). Pattern of setae in male pregenital and genital area is also species-specific. Males of O. brignolii have in trapezoidal area 2–7 acute ribbed genital setae (Araújo et al. 2018b). Males of O. segmentatus have 5 short tapering and smooth pregenital setae (Grandjean 1936). Males of O. baeticus have 5 pregenital and 5 genital setae (Moraza et al. 2021) while males of O. thaleri have 3 short ribbed blunt pregenital setae and 11 slightly serrated acute genital setae (this study), which is a very significant difference. Finally, there are significant interspecific differences in morphology of the ovipositor. In O. thaleri the ovipositor has 2 pairs of glands and 1 pair of ducts on the basis of the ovipositor. These structures were found neither in O. brignolii (Araújo et al. 2018b) or O. baeticus (Moraza et al. 2021).</p> <p>Karyotype</p> <p>In the present study, we reported for the first time chromosome data of opilioacarids. The female karyotype consists of 16 large monocentric chromosomes, predominantly with acrocentric morphology (Figure 10). The karyotype of O. thaleri n. sp. corresponds to the karyotypes of parasitiform suborders Ixodida and Mesostigmatida in terms of diploid number and chromosome morphology. While chromosomes of these groups were studied intensely due to their medical and economical importance, there are no cytogenetic data on Holothyrida, the fourth parasitiform suborder. Like in O. thaleri, 1) ixodids and mesostigmatids exhibit a low number of monocentric chromosomes (the diploid set of ixodids ranges from 12 to 32 chromosomes and diploid set of mesostigmatids from 6 to 26 chromosomes), and 2) karyotypes of most ixodids and mesostigmatids are predominated by acrocentric chromosomes (Oliver 1977, 1989 ; Norton et al. 1993). These features could be plesiomorphic for parasitiform mites.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18494D13FFF8FF83FE64FBCCFA5BF8AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vázquez, Maria Magdalena;Herrera, Ivalú Macarena Ávila;Just, Pavel;Lerma, Azucena Claudia Reyes;Chatzaki, Maria;Heller, Tim Lukas;Král, Jiří	Vázquez, Maria Magdalena, Herrera, Ivalú Macarena Ávila, Just, Pavel, Lerma, Azucena Claudia Reyes, Chatzaki, Maria, Heller, Tim Lukas, Král, Jiří (2021): A new opilioacarid species (Parasitiformes: Opilioacarida) from Crete (Greece) with notes on its karyotype. Acarologia 61 (3): 548-563, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20214449, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214449
