identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1F6F87F72660FFC9FF19F8BD6279E4CB.text	1F6F87F72660FFC9FF19F8BD6279E4CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Temnora Walker 1856	<div><p>Genus Temnora Walker, 1856</p> <p>Type species: Temnora natalis Walker, 1856 [subsequent designation by Kirby, 1892] (De Prins and De Prins 2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F6F87F72660FFC9FF19F8BD6279E4CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bolotov, Ivan N.;Kolosova, Yulia S.;Spitsyna, Elizaveta A.;Spitsyn, Vitaly M.	Bolotov, Ivan N., Kolosova, Yulia S., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A., Spitsyn, Vitaly M. (2021): New and recent records of hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Seychelles, with a description of a new insular subspecies. Ecologica Montenegrina 39: 109-120, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.39.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.39.12
1F6F87F72666FFCDFF19FF1D670FE45E.text	1F6F87F72666FFCDFF19FF1D670FE45E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Temnora fumosa subsp. seychellensis Bolotov & Kolosova & Spitsyna & Spitsyn 2021	<div><p>Temnora fumosa seychellensis Bolotov &amp; Spitsyn ssp. nov.</p> <p>= Diodosida peckoveri De Joannis (1894): 432 [Mahé].</p> <p>= Temnora fumosa peckoveri Fryer (1912): 15 [Mahé, Silhouette]; Legrand (1966): 169, pl. 13, fig. 2 [Mahé, Silhouette]; Matyot (2005): 67 [Mahé, Silhouette, Denis]; Gerlach &amp; Matyot (2006): 91 [Mahé, Silhouette, Denis].</p> <p>= Temnora peckoveri Lawrence &amp; Henwood (2009): 50, figs 1-2; De Prins &amp; Mazzei (2016): 26, fig. 25 [La Digue].</p> <p>Figs 1-5, Table 1.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male RMBH <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.7262&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.7262/lat -4.3234)">Sph</a> 0913 SEYCHELLES: Praslin Island, La Plaine Hollandaise, 4.3234°S, 55.7262°E, alt. 120 m, sedge- fern swamp with pandanus trees surrounded by palm-cinnamon forest, 08 February 2016, at UV light, Bolotov leg. (Fig. 2 A-B).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new subspecies could be distinguished from Temnora fumosa fumosa based on the structure of harpe (Figs. 3-4). T. fumosa fumosa shares a long, narrow, sickle-shaped harpe (Fig. 4D). In contrast, the new subspecies shares a much wider and shorter, straight harpe with an upcurved, claw-like end (Fig. 4E). Furthermore, both the new subspecies and T. fumosa fumosa differ from T. peckoveri by the lack of a strong long tooth at the distal end of aedeagus (compare Fig. 4A, 4B, and 4C). The harpe of the new subspecies is much broader proximally and narrower distally compared with that of T. peckoveri (Fig. 4F).</p> <p>Description. Male (Fig. 2): Wingspan 50 mm, forewing length 25 mm. Eye, antenna, and head dark olive. Labial palpus somewhat elongated (approximately two eye’s diameter), dark olive dorsally, light grey ventrally. Thorax, patagium, and tegula dark olive. Legs light grey, slightly darkened dorsally. Forewing outer margin with deep, rounded excavation below apex. Forewing upperside dark olive with broad darker brown antemedial and postmedial bands; postmarginal area greyish olive, with a dark, inconspicuous zig zag subterminal band and a small white spot at costa subterminally. Small white discal spot present. Forewing underside dark olive, with unclear blackish or dark brown triangular patch from the base to the discal area. Hindwing upperside uniformly dark brown with long dark olive scales. Hindwing underside dark olive, with a row of submarginal black spots and a dark patch between veins CuA1 and CuA2. Abdomen dark olive. Male genitalia (Figs 3-4): Tegumen very broad, strongly sclerotized. Uncus bifurcated apically; uncus and gnathos form a typical macroglossine “bird- beak” structure. Valva slightly elongated, rounded apically. Harpe broad, straight, upcurved and pointed near the distal end. The base of harpe very broad. Aedeagus long, straight, with an oblique densely serrated ridge. Vesica long, with a bunch of ultra-elongate spines.</p> <p>Female: Not examined.</p> <p>Etymology. This subspecies is named after the Seychelles Archipelago, where it is distributed.</p> <p>Distribution. Endemic to the Inner Seychelles (Fig. 1). So far it is known to occur on the granitic islands of Mahé (De Joannis 1894), Silhouette (Fryer 1912), La Digue (De Prins and Mazzei 2016), Cousine (Lawrence and Henwood 2009), and Praslin (this study), and on the coralline island of Denis (Matyot 2005).</p> <p>Habitat. The holotype was collected from a somewhat unusual habitat, i.e. at the middle of a continuous highland wetland densely covered by Ferns Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underw. (Gleicheniaceae) and Bog Bulrush Schoenoplectiella mucronata (L.) Jung &amp; Choi (Cyperaceae), with patches of Nutrush Scleria sumatrensis Retz. (Cyperaceae) and groups of Horne’s Pandanus Martellidendron hornei (Balf. f.) Callm. &amp; Chassot (Pandanaceae) (Fig. 5). However, the moth most likely came from the edge of surrounding mixed secondary forest dominated by various endemic palms and cinnamon trees. This forest patch also houses Indian Mulberry Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), a host plant of this taxon on the Inner Seychelles (Matyot 2005).</p> <p>Conservation. The new subspecies appears to be Endangered [EN B1, B2 + aс(iii)]. It has an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of 330 km 2 and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 174 km 2 (Gerlach and Matyot 2006). Furthermore, it has a highly fragmented range, is known to occur on a few islands, and shares extreme fluctuations in number of subpopulations. Previously, this subspecies was accessed as Vulnerable [VU B1abiii, B2abiii] in Seychelles but that assessment was based on its earlier treatment as a population of the more widespread taxon Temnora peckoveri (see Gerlach and Matyot 2006).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F6F87F72666FFCDFF19FF1D670FE45E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bolotov, Ivan N.;Kolosova, Yulia S.;Spitsyna, Elizaveta A.;Spitsyn, Vitaly M.	Bolotov, Ivan N., Kolosova, Yulia S., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A., Spitsyn, Vitaly M. (2021): New and recent records of hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Seychelles, with a description of a new insular subspecies. Ecologica Montenegrina 39: 109-120, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.39.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.39.12
1F6F87F72664FFCDFF19F8A66279E4D7.text	1F6F87F72664FFCDFF19F8A66279E4D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrius Hubner 1819	<div><p>Genus Agrius Hübner, 1819</p> <p>Type species: Sphinx cingulata Fabricius, 1775 [subsequent designation by Tutt, 1902] (De Prins and De Prins 2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F6F87F72664FFCDFF19F8A66279E4D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bolotov, Ivan N.;Kolosova, Yulia S.;Spitsyna, Elizaveta A.;Spitsyn, Vitaly M.	Bolotov, Ivan N., Kolosova, Yulia S., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A., Spitsyn, Vitaly M. (2021): New and recent records of hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Seychelles, with a description of a new insular subspecies. Ecologica Montenegrina 39: 109-120, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.39.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.39.12
1F6F87F7266BFFC2FF19FF1D63DCE7B8.text	1F6F87F7266BFFC2FF19FF1D63DCE7B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>= Phlegethontius convolvuli De Joannis (1894): 432 [Mahé].</p> <p>= Herse convolvuli Fletcher (1910): 282 [Farquhar]; Fryer (1912): 15 [Mahé, Silhouette]; Legrand (1966): 167 [Mahé, Silhouette, Farquhar]; Bowler et al. (1999): 51 [Aride]; Lawrence (2005): 96 [Cousine].</p> <p>= Agrius convolvuli Frith (1979): 4 [Aldabra]; Matyot (2005): 60 [Mahé, Silhouette, Aride, Cousine, Alphonse, Farquhar, Aldabra]; Gerlach &amp; Matyot (2006): 88 [Mahé, Silhouette, Aride, Cousine, Alphonse, Farquhar, Aldabra]; Bippus (2016): 36, pl. 1, fig. 4 [Praslin].</p> <p>Table 2.</p> <p>Material examined. SEYCHELLES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.685/lat -4.3126)">Praslin Island</a>, Anse Kerlan, 4.3126°S, 55.6850°E, garden, 27 August 2016, at UV light, 1♂, Bolotov leg.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.5235&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.7809" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.5235/lat -4.7809)">Mahé Island</a>, Anse Forbans, 4.7809°S, 55.5235°E, ocean coast, in water after heavy rainfall, 11 January 2020, 1♀, Kolosova leg.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.5229&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.7815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.5229/lat -4.7815)">Mahé Island</a>, Anse Forbans, 4.7815°S, 55.5229°E, garden, feeding on inflorescences of Dracaena reflexa var. angustifolia Baker, 13 January 2020, 1♂, Bolotov leg.</p> <p>Distribution. Migratory species, which is widespread throughout Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Oceania (Pittaway 2020; Pittaway and Kitching 2020; De Prins and De Prins 2021), and islands of the Western Indian Ocean such as Seychelles, Mascarenes, Comoros, and Madagascar (Matyot 2005; De Prins and De Prins 2021). However, in several mainland regions it occurs rarely due to unknown reasons (Yakovlev et al. 2015; Knyazev 2020; Yakovlev and Volgin 2020). In Seychelles, it is known to occur on Mahé (De Joannis 1894), Praslin (Bippus 2016), Silhouette (Fryer 1912), Cousine (Lawrence 2005), Aride (Bowler et al. 1999), Alphonse (Matyot 2005), Aldabra (Frith 1979), and Farquhar (Fletcher 1910).</p> <p>Flower visitation. We observed several individuals (one of which was collected) feeding on inflorescences of Dracaena reflexa var. angustifolia Baker (Asparagaceae) every evening during the period of 04–20 January 2020 (Anse Forbans, Mahe; Ivan Bolotov, pers. observ.). This observation expands the data on flower visitation of this species in Seychelles. It was noted that adult moths were observed hovering over Crinum asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae) and feeding from Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don (Campanulaceae) flowers on Mahé (Matyot 2005). Lawrence (2005) observed adults feeding from flowers of Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. (Amaryllidaceae) on Cousine.</p> <p>Comments. Second record from Praslin. In contrast, it frequently occurs on Mahé (Matyot 2005; this study).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F6F87F7266BFFC2FF19FF1D63DCE7B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bolotov, Ivan N.;Kolosova, Yulia S.;Spitsyna, Elizaveta A.;Spitsyn, Vitaly M.	Bolotov, Ivan N., Kolosova, Yulia S., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A., Spitsyn, Vitaly M. (2021): New and recent records of hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Seychelles, with a description of a new insular subspecies. Ecologica Montenegrina 39: 109-120, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.39.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.39.12
