identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1E02A03F11596D67FEAFFDDEFD0925D9.text	1E02A03F11596D67FEAFFDDEFD0925D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespidae	<div><p>VESPIDAE: MASARINAE), WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR AT FLOWERS</p><p>A. V. Fateryga</p><p>T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Nature Reserve of RAS – Branch of A.O.</p><p>Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Kurortnoye, Feodosiya, 298188,</p><p>Russia. E-mail: fater_84@list.ru</p><p>Summary. The distribution of Celonites kozlovi Kostylev, 1935 and C. sibiricus Gusenleitner, 2007 is summarized. Celonites kozlovi is firstly reported from Russia and C. sibiricus is firstly reported from Kazakhstan. The lectotype of C. kozlovi is designated and its type locality in Mongolia is specified in detail (to the south of Mt. Dund Saikhany Nuruu,</p><p>Ömnögovi Prov.). Both species were observed in Kosh-Agach District of the Altai Republic,</p><p>Russia. Females of C. kozlovi collected pollen at flowers of Dracocephalum peregrinum L.</p><p>( Lamiaceae). They consumed pollen directly from the anthers and then penetrated deeply into the corolla tube to collect nectar. Females of C. sibiricus used flowers of D. peregrinum and</p><p>D. nutans L. but collected pollen by a different way. They used specialized pollen-collecting setae on the frons by rubbing them over the anthers so that pollen grains accumulated on them; afterwards, pollen was transferred from the head to the mouthparts by brushing movements of the fore legs. After that, they also collected nectar from the same flowers of</p><p>Dracocephalum spp. Both wasp species occasionally visited flowers of some other plant species for nectar collecting only. Males of C. sibiricus were observed at the forage sites while males of C. kozlovi are still unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E02A03F11596D67FEAFFDDEFD0925D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fateryga, A. V.	Fateryga, A. V. (2020): NEW RECORDS OF CELONITES KOZLOVI KOSTYLEV, 1935 AND C. SIBIRICUS GUSENLEITNER, 2007 (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE: MASARINAE), WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR AT FLOWERS. Far Eastern Entomologist 405: 20-32, DOI: 10.25221/fee.405.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.405.4
1E02A03F115B6D62FF25FAF1FD8E2778.text	1E02A03F115B6D62FF25FAF1FD8E2778.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celonites kozlovi Kostylev 1935	<div><p>Celonites kozlovi Kostylev, 1935</p><p>Figs 1–4, 7, 8, 19–21</p><p>Celonites kozlovi Kostylev, 1935: 110, [♀] (type locality: “ПустынЯ Гоби (МонголиЯ)”</p><p>[ Gobi Desert, Mongolia]), lectotype (designated here): ♀, &lt;golden disc&gt; //</p><p>Центр.[альнаЯ] Гоби, кл.[юч] Улан-булак [Central Gobi, Ulan-Bulak Spring] 6–</p><p>8.VII.1909 П.[К.] КоЗлов [P.K. Kozlov]. М.[онголо]-С.[ычуанскаЯ] Эк.[спедициЯ]</p><p>[Mongolia-Sichuan expedition] // Celonites ♀ kozlovi, n. sp. G. Kostylev det. 1930 //</p><p>Lectotypus ♀ Celonites kozlovi Kostylev, 1935 des. Fateryga, 2019 &lt;red label&gt; [ZISP]</p><p>(Figs 1–4); Gusenleitner, 1991: 640, Mongolia (Khovd Prov.); Carpenter, 2001: 10,</p><p>Mongolia.</p><p>REMARKS. According to Kerzhner (1972), P.K. Kozlov collected in those days in</p><p>South-Gobi aimak [Ömnögovi Prov.] on the south slope of Mt. Dund Saikhany Nuruu</p><p>(middle mountain of the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains). Kozlov spent those days in a camp at some “red” hills (Kozlov, 2015). Thus, the type locality of C. kozlovi was located at approximately 43°33′N 103°43′E (the rightmost point on Fig. 5), where a relatively large area of red-colored ground is visible via Google Earth (https://www.google.com/earth/).</p><p>Males of this species are still unknown.</p><p>lateral view; 3 – head, frontal view; 4 – labels.</p><p>ground map was taken from https://www.openstreetmap.org/).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.38944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.093056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.38944/lat 50.093056)">Balkhash River valley</a> (50°05′35″N 88°23′22″E), 9.VII 2016, 3 ♀, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin ,</p><p>V. M. Loktionov [FSCV]; 5 km SE Chagan-Uzun, Tydtuyaryk River valley (50°04′25″N</p><p>88°25′12″E), 8.VII 2019, 8 ♀, 9.VII 2019, 1 ♀, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CAFK, CVMM]; ibid .,</p><p>8.VII 2019, 2 ♀, 9.VII 2019, 1 ♀, leg. V. O. Dorofeev [ASUB]; ibid ., 8–9.VII 2019, 1 ♀, leg.</p><p>Yu.N. Danilov [ISEN].</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia (new record) (Altai), Mongolia (Khovd Prov., Ömnögovi</p><p>Prov.) (Fig. 5).</p><p>BIONOMICS. In the field C. kozlovi was observed in the Tydtuyaryk River valley only</p><p>(Fig. 6); it was absent from the Chuya River valley. Females of this species visited flowers of five plant species of the families Lamiaceae and Asteraceae (Table 1). The only pollen source, however, was flowers of Dracocephalum peregrinum . During pollen uptake from these flowers, females stood on the lower lip of the corolla and consumed pollen directly from the anthers. They did this with their mouthparts supported by movements of the fore legs; mid and hind legs were used to hold onto the corolla (Fig. 7). The duration of pollen collecting per flower was approximately 40–45 sec. After that, females went deeply inside the corolla to take up nectar. During nectar collecting they were not visible from outside due to the deep and broad corolla tube which completely hid the wasps. The duration of nectar collecting was significantly less (about 5 sec.) than that of pollen collecting.</p><p>Only nectar collecting was observed at flowers of Ziziphora clinopodioides . Flowers of this species are significantly smaller than those of D. peregrinum; the corolla tube is even shorter than the proboscis of the wasp. Thus, during flower visits females alighted on the lower lip, hold onto it with all their legs and simply inserted the proboscis into the flower</p><p>(Fig. 8). Duration of nectar collecting on Z. clinopodioides was also about 5 sec. One female was observed to collect earth after visiting several flowers of Z. clinopodioides . She did this on a slope with quite loose ground between plants of this species.</p><p>It must be specified that there were no plants of Dracocephalum nutans in the</p><p>Tydtuyaryk River valley. Other species of Lamiaceae were represented in this habitat by</p><p>Panzerina canescens (Bunge) Soják and P. lanata (L.) Soják, but they were not visited by</p><p>C. kozlovi .</p><p>Visiting plants of the family Asteraceae, females landed directly on the center of the capitulum and inserted the proboscis into one of the florets for a very short time. Then, they flew away in all three observed cases.</p><p>First activity of the wasps was recorded in the morning at 9.35 (solar time). In the late afternoon, the activity finished at various times depending on the weather.</p><p>No males of C. kozlovi were observed despite thorough searching.</p><p>valley; 7 – female collecting pollen on a flower of Dracocephalum peregrinum L. by consuming pollen directly from the anthers; 8 – female collecting nectar on a flower of</p><p>Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E02A03F115B6D62FF25FAF1FD8E2778	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fateryga, A. V.	Fateryga, A. V. (2020): NEW RECORDS OF CELONITES KOZLOVI KOSTYLEV, 1935 AND C. SIBIRICUS GUSENLEITNER, 2007 (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE: MASARINAE), WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR AT FLOWERS. Far Eastern Entomologist 405: 20-32, DOI: 10.25221/fee.405.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.405.4
1E02A03F115F6D6FFF25FED5FBA52561.text	1E02A03F115F6D6FFF25FED5FBA52561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celonites sibiricus Gusenleitner 2007	<div><p>Celonites sibiricus Gusenleitner, 2007</p><p>Figs 10–14, 22–24</p><p>Celonites sibiricus Gusenleitner, 2007: 133–134, ♀ ♂ (type locality: “ Russia, Sibiria, Altaya,</p><p>Cevero-Chuyskiy”), holotype, ♂, in the collection of J. T. Smit, Duiven, The Netherlands ;</p><p>Fateryga et al., 2017: 32, Russia (Altai); Antropov &amp; Fateryga, 2017: 178, Russia (Altai).</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. Russia: Altai 15 km SE Kuray, Chuya River valley</p><p>(50°11′10″N 88°07′04″E), 5.VII 2016, 1 ♀, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin, V. M. Loktionov;</p><p>2 km SE Chagan-Uzun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.38944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.093056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.38944/lat 50.093056)">Balkhash River valley</a> (50°05′35″N 88°23′22″E), 9.VII 2016, 7 ♀ ,</p><p>leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin, V.M. Loktionov; 5 km SE Chagan-Uzun, Tydtuyaryk River valley</p><p>(50°04′25″N 88°25′12″E), 11.VII 2016, 5 ♀, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin, V. M. Loktionov</p><p>[FSCV]; ibid., 8.VII 2019, 4 ♀, 4 ♂, 9.VII 2019, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 10.VII 2019, 1 ♂, leg. A. V .</p><p>Fateryga [CAFK, CVMM, ZISP]; ibid ., 8–9.VII 2019, 4 ♀, leg. Yu.N. Danilov [ISEN]; ibid .,</p><p>9.VII 2019, 3 ♀, leg. V. O. Dorofeev [ASUB]; 12 km SE Aktash, Chuya River valley</p><p>(50°13′51″N 87°42′59″E), 13.VII 2016, 1 ♀, leg. M.Yu. Proshchalykin, V. M. Loktionov</p><p>[FSCV]; 24 km NWW Aktash, Chuya River valley (50°21′31″N 87°16′15″E), 6.VII 2019,</p><p>3 ♀, 4 ♂, 7.VII 2019, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. A. V. Fateryga [CAFK, CVMM]; ibid., 6.VII 2019, 1 ♂,</p><p>7.VII 2019, 1 ♀, leg. V. O. Dorofeev [ASUB]. Kazakhstan: East Kazakhstan Prov.: Central</p><p>Tarbagatay, 80 km S Aksuat, 13.VII 1986, 9 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. V . L. Kazenas [FSCV] .</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia (Altai), Kazakhstan (new record) (East Kazakhstan Prov.),</p><p>(Fig. 5).</p><p>BIONOMICS. Celonites sibiricus was observed in both field study areas that were the</p><p>Tydtuyaryk River valley and the Chuya River valley (Figs 6 and 9). Females of this species visited flowers of both species of Dracocephalum and occasionally Geranium sibiricum</p><p>(Table 1). At the same time, they did not visit Nepeta sibirica in the Chuya River valley, two species of Panzerina in the Tydtuyaryk River valley, and Ziziphora clinopodioides in both habitats. Pollen collecting was observed only at flowers of Dracocephalum spp. During visits to D. peregrinum flowers, females alighted on the lower lip of the corolla and started pollen uptake by rubbing the head over the anthers which was accompanied by alternating movements of the fore legs brushing pollen from the frons towards the mouthparts. Mid and hind legs were used to hold onto the corolla (Fig. 10). The duration of pollen uptake was significantly shorter (about 5–10 sec.) than in C. kozlovi . After that, females moved deeply inside the corolla tube to take up nectar, which was similar to nectar-collecting behavior in</p><p>C. kozlovi (the duration of nectar uptake was also about 5 sec.). While visiting several flowers on the same inflorescence, the females moved upwards along the inflorescence flying from flower to flower from its base towards the top.</p><p>Pollen-collecting behavior of the females at flowers of D. nutans (Fig. 11) was similar to that on D. peregrinum . Nectar collecting, however, was different: females did not move deeply inside the corolla tube; instead, the posterior half of their mesosoma and the whole metasoma remained visible from outside (Fig. 12). The difference was caused by the different shape and size of the corolla in these two plant species. Dracocephalum peregrinum has a broad corolla (Fig. 15) and both Celonites species can move deeply inside it. The corolla of D. nutans is much narrower in its basal half (Fig. 16). The proboscis of</p><p>C. sibiricus, however, is long enough (Fig. 18) to reach nectar in the flower of D. nutans without inserting the head into the basal half of the corolla tube, while the proboscis of</p><p>C. kozlovi is shorter due to the smaller size of that species (Fig. 17).</p><p>valley; 10 – female collecting pollen on a flower of Dracocephalum peregrinum L. by rubbing her head over the anthers combined with alternating movements of her fore legs brushing pollen from the frons towards the mouthparts; 11 – female collecting pollen on a flower of D. nutans L. in the same way; 12 – female collecting nectar on a flower of</p><p>D. nutans; 13 – female standing on a stone and brushing pollen from the frons towards the mouthparts by alternating movements of the fore legs subsequent to visit of several flowers;</p><p>14 – male perching on a stone.</p><p>Pollen and nectar collecting at flowers of Dracocephalum spp. was periodically interrupted by alighting on the ground, small stones, or fragments of horse dung, where the females remained on the surface for up to a minute. During the first half of such a stay,</p><p>females performed rapid movements of their metasoma: they alternately pulled it out and drew it back. After that, they brushed pollen from the frons towards the mouthparts by alternating movements of the fore legs (Fig. 13). Often they also partially extended the proboscis and brushed over it as well. Then, they usually returned to flower visiting.</p><p>extended proboscises of Celonites spp. (17–18), lateral view: 15 – D. peregrinum L.; 16 –</p><p>D. nutans L.; 17 – C. kozlovi Kostylev; 18 – C. sibiricus Gusenleitner.</p><p>During the single observed flower visit of a female at Geranium sibiricum, the female landed on a petal holding onto it with all her legs and simply inserted the proboscis into the flower. The duration of the visit was about 10 sec.</p><p>Flight activity started in the morning at 7.40–9.05 (solar time) and finished in the late afternoon at various times depending on the weather.</p><p>Males of C. sibiricus were observed mainly perching on the ground and small stones</p><p>(Fig. 14) among patches of Dracocephalum spp. They also visited flowers of D. nutans and</p><p>G. sibiricum for nectar feeding (Table 1). Courtship and copulation were not observed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E02A03F115F6D6FFF25FED5FBA52561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fateryga, A. V.	Fateryga, A. V. (2020): NEW RECORDS OF CELONITES KOZLOVI KOSTYLEV, 1935 AND C. SIBIRICUS GUSENLEITNER, 2007 (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE: MASARINAE), WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR BEHAVIOR AT FLOWERS. Far Eastern Entomologist 405: 20-32, DOI: 10.25221/fee.405.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.405.4
