taxonID	type	description	language	source
1D10480A3B42DC154EAD392786DCDCBB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) and 7 paratypes (5 females and 2 males) on slides, China, Hunan Province, Changde City, Hefu forest park (29 º 03 ’ 021 ” N, 111 º 39 ’ 932 ” E), ca 50 m a. s. l., under leaves at a small ditch in forest, 7. iv. 2011, leg.: JiGang Jiang, Ya-Ru Wang and Wan-Jun Yu (collection number: J 2012040701). All types deposited in Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B42DC154EAD392786DCDCBB.taxon	description	Description. Body length: 1.7 – 2.6 mm (holotype: 2.2 mm). Body color: red alive and white in alcohol. Head: eyes 2 + 2 (Fig. 1). Antenna equal to diagonal of the head. Ant. I and II with 7 and 12 chaetae respectively. Ant. III dorsally fused to Ant. IV. Ant. III organ consists of 2 short microsensilla and 2 long sensilla (sgd and sgv); ventral ms present. Ant. IV with trilobed apical bulb, dorsally with 8 S, i - chaeta, 12 mou, 5 chaetae d and or (Fig. 2). Labrum distally not ogival, chaetotaxy as 0 / 2, 2 (Fig. 6). Labium with 2 x and 11 Chaetae (Fig. 5). Mandible with 4 teeth (Fig. 3). Maxilla crochet-like (Fig. 4). Cephalic tubercles and chaetotaxy see Fig. 1 and Tab. 1, dorsal macrochaetae and mesochaetae similar to those on thorax and abdomen; almost smooth with hyaline sheath and apically blunt. Microchaetae smooth and sharp. All dorsal cephalic tubercles (except L + So) independent. Tubercle Cl with 2 Mc and 2 me. Tubercle An with 1 Ml and 3 me. Tubercle Fr with 2 Ml and 1 Mc (O-chaeta). Tubercle Di on head with 1 Ml, and De with 1 Ml and 2 me. Tubercle Dl with 1 Ml and 3 me. Tubercle L + So with 3 Ml and 5 me. Thoracic and abdominal tubercles and chaetotaxy shown in Figs. 1, 7 and Tab. 2. Chaetae formula of tubercle Di on Th. I – Abd. V as 1, 3, 3 / 2, 2, 2, 2, 3. Sensory chaetae and s-microchaeta formula on Th. I – Abd. V as 0, 2 + ms, 2 / 1, 1, 1, 1, 1. Di tubercle on Abd. V with 1 Ml, 2 me (Fig. 1). Each tubercle on Abd. VI with 7 chaetae (4 Ml and 3 me). Appendages: Ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae (Fig. 7). Furcal vestige with 5 (sometimes 4) chaetae (Fig. 7). Unguis with an inner tooth and without lateral tooth. Chaetotaxy of legs, ventral tube and furcal rest shown in Tab. 2.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B42DC154EAD392786DCDCBB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new species derived from its similarity of chaetotaxy to North Korean species V. acuta Deharveng & Weiner, 1984. Terga Legs Remarks. This new species is most similar to V. a c ut a Deharveng & Weiner, 1984, but it differs by the bigger size (1.7 – 2.6 mm vs. 1.2 mm); trilobed apical bulb of Ant. IV (vs. simple or bilobated in the latter); mandible with 4 teeth (vs. 3 teeth in the latter); claw with inner tooth (vs. claw without inner tooth in the latter), group Ve on Abd. IV with 7 – 8 chaetae (vs. 10 chaetae to the latter). Diagnostic characters between the new species and some similar species of the genus are presented in Tab. 5.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B47DC194EAD3E2E871CDDEC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (male) and 8 paratypes (7 females and 1 male) on slides, China, Hunan Province, Changde City, Hefu forest park (29 º 03 ’ 021 ” N, 111 º 39 ’ 932 ” E), ca 50 m a. s. l., under leaves at a small ditch in forest, 7. iv. 2011, leg.: JiGang Jiang, Ya-Ru Wang and Wan-Jun Yu (collection number: J 2012040701). All types deposited in Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B47DC194EAD3E2E871CDDEC.taxon	description	Description. Body length: males 1.9 mm, females 1.9 – 2.4 mm. Body color: red alive and white in alcohol. Head: eyes 2 + 2, black (Fig. 8). Antenna equal to diagonal of the head. Ant. I and II with 7 and 12 Chaetae respectively. Ant. III dorsally fused to Ant. IV. Ant. III organ consists of 2 microsensilla and 2 long sensilla (sgd and sgv); sgd is inserted near the sensory rods, not moved forward to Ant. IV. Ventral ms present. Ant. IV with trilobed apical bulb, dorsally with 8 S, i- chaeta, 12 mou 5 chaetae d and or (Fig. 11). Labrum distally not ogival, chaetotaxy as 0 / 2, 2. Labium, with 2 x and 11 Chaetae (Fig. 12). Mandible with 5 teeth, 3 of them very small (Fig. 10). Maxilla crochet-like (Fig. 9). Cephalic tubercles and chaetotaxy shown in Fig. 8 and Tab. 3, dorsal macrochaetae and mesochaetae similar to those on thorax and abdomen, strongly ciliated and apically blunt or sharp. Microchaetae smooth and pointed. All dorsal cephalic tubercles (except Dl + L + So) independent. Tubercle Cl with 2 Mc and 2 me. Tubercle An with 2 Mc and 2 mi. Tubercle Fr with 2 Ml and 1 mi (O-chaeta). Tubercle Di on head with 1 Ml, tubercle De with 1 Ml and 1 me. Tubercle (Dl + L + So) with 3 Ml and 8 me. Thoracic and abdominal tubercles and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 8, 14 and Tab. 4. Tubercle De on Th. III shown in Fig. 13. Chaetae formula of tubercle Di on Th. I – Abd. V as 1, 3, 3 / 2, 2, 2, 2, 3. Sensory chaetae and s-microchaeta formula on Th. I – Abd. V as 0, 2 + ms, 2 / 1, 1, 1, 1, 1. Abd. VI bilobed, and hide below Abd. V. Di tubercle on Abd. V with 1 Ml, 1 Mc and 1 me (Fig. 1). Each tubercle of abd. VI with 7 chaetae (4 Ml and 3 me). Appendages: Ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae (Fig. 14). Furcal vestige with 4 chaetae (Fig. 14). Unguis without inner or lateral tooth. Chaetotaxy of legs, ventral tube and furcal rest shown in Tab. 4. Terga Legs Etymology. The name of the new species derived from its ciliated macrochaetae and mesochaetae.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B47DC194EAD3E2E871CDDEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is very similar to Vitronura setaebarbulata Gao et al., 2012. Both species have 2 + 2 eyes, O-chaeta on tubercle Fr, no teeth on claw, and strongly barbulate chaetae on dorsum of body. However, V. ciliata sp. nov. can be differentiated from the latter by having only 2 chaetae on cephalic tubercle Oc (Oca-chaeta is absent), two chaetae on cephalic tubercle De and 5 teeth on mandible. The latter has 3 chaetae on cephalic tubercle Oc (Oca-chaeta is present), three chaetae on cephalic tubercle De and about 7 teeth on mandible. Nine paratypes (seven females and two males) of V. setaebarbulata were checked, nearly all individuals have three chaetae on tubercle Dl of Abd. IV, it is similar to the new species (Fig. 22). The new species is also similar to Vitronura mandarina (Yosii, 1954). Both species have 2 chaetae on cephalic tubercle Oc, O-chaeta on cephalic tubercle Fr, 1 chaeta on tubercle Di of Th. I and no inner tooth on claw. However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter by having 5 teeth on mandible and ciliated chaetae on body (vs. only 3 teeth on mandible and smooth chaetae on body in the latter). Viewing from the morphology, the new species is also similar to African species V. joanna Coates, 1968. Both species have 2 + 2 eyes; O-chaeta on tubercle Fr; no inner tooth on claw; 2 chaetae on cephalic tubercle De. However, Vitronura ciliata sp. nov. differs from V. joanna by having ciliated macrochaetae and mesochaetae, 2 chaetae on tubercle Oc, 5 - toothed mandible and by Abd. VI hiding below Abd. V. The latter has smoothed macrochae and mesochaetae on body, 3 chaetae on tubercle Oc, 6 - toothed mandible and Abd. VI not hides below Abd. V. The strongly ciliated macrochaetae and mesochaetae makes V. ciliata sp. nov. looking like V. shaanxiensis Jiang & Yin, 2011. But the former differs from the latter by having Ochaeta on chephalic tubercle Fr and 3 chaetae on each tubercle L of Th. II – Abd. III. The latter has not O-chaeta on chephalic tubercle Fr and has 2 chaetae on each tubercle L of Th. II – Abd. III. Diagnostic characters between the new species and some similar species of the genus see Tab. 5.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B4BDC1D4EAD395686A7DD54.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (female) and 9 paratypes (7 females and 2 male) on slides, China, Hunan Province, Changde City, Hefu forest park (29 º 03 ’ 021 ” N, 111 º 39 ’ 932 ” E), ca 50 m a. s. l., under leaves at a small ditch in forest, 7. iv. 2011, leg.: JiGang Jiang, Ya-Ru Wang and Wan-Jun Yu (collection number: J 2012040701). All types deposited in Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B4BDC1D4EAD395686A7DD54.taxon	description	Description. Body length: 2.3 – 3.4 mm (holotype: 3.2 mm). Body color: red alive and white in alcohol. Head: eyes 3 + 3, black (Fig. 15). Ant. I and II with 7 and 11 chaetae respectively. Ant. III dorsally fused to Ant. IV. Ant. III organ consists of 2 microsensilla and 2 long sensilla (sgd and sgv), sgd is near the short rods, not moved forward to Ant. IV. Ventral ms present. Ant. IV with trilobed apical bulb, dorsally with 8 s, i - chaeta, 12 mou and or (Fig. 19). Labrum chaetotaxy as 0 / 2, 2. Labium with 11 chaetae and 2 x (Fig. 18). Mandible with 7 teeth, the third one (count from the base) is round (Fig. 16). Maxilla consisting of 2 lamellae, one is pointed and another one with two teeth (Fig. 17). Cephalic tubercles and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 15 and Tab. 6. Macrochaetae and mesochaetae on body weakly serrate and with sheath, ending in a blunt apex. Microchaetae smooth and pointed. All dorsal cephalic tubercles independent. Tubercle Cl with 2 Mc and 2 me. Tubercle An with 2 Ml, 1 me and 1 mi. Tubercle Fr with 2 Ml (chaetae A) and 1 Mc (O-chaeta). Each cephalic tubercle Di with 1 Ml. Tubercle De with 2 Ml, and 1 mi (or me). Tubercle Dl with 2 Mc (or Ml), 1 me and 2 mi. Tubercle L with 1 Ml and 1 me, Tubercle So with 7 chaetae: 2 Ml and 5 me (or 2 Ml + 4 me + 1 mi). Thoracic and abdominal tubercles and chaetotaxy as in Figs. 15, 21 and Tab. 7. Chaetae formula of tubercle Di on Th. I – Abd. V as 1, 3, 3 / 2, 2, 2, 2, 3. Sensory chaetae and s-microchaeta formula on Th. I – Abd. V as 0, 2 + ms, 2 / 1, 1, 1, 1, 1. Each tubercle on abd. VI with 7 (sometimes 8) chaetae (3 Ml, and 4 Mc or me). Appendages: Ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae (Fig. 21). Furcal vestige with 3 chaetae (Fig. 21). Unguis with an inner tooth and without lateral tooth (Fig. 20). Chaetotaxy of legs, ventral tube and furcal rest shown in Tab. 7. Terga Legs Di De Dl L Scx 2 Cx Tr Fe T Th. I 1 (Ml) 2 (Ml, Mc) 1 (Ml) – 0 3 7 13 19 Th. II 3 (Ml, Mc, mi) 4 (2 Ml, 2 Mc) + s 4 (Ml, 2 Mc, me) + s + ms 3 (Ml, 2 me) 2 7 – 8 7 11 – 19 12 Th. III 3 (Ml, Mc, mi) 4 (2 Ml, 2 Mc) + s 4 (Ml, 2 Mc, me) + s 3 (Ml, 2 me) 2 7 – 8 7 – 9 11 18 Terga sterna	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B4BDC1D4EAD395686A7DD54.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after type locality: Hunan Province.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
1D10480A3B4BDC1D4EAD395686A7DD54.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species has O-chaeta on cephalic tubercle Fr and 7 teeth on mandible. It is close to L. montana Deharveng & Weiner, 1984, L. paraminuta Deharveng & Weiner, 1984 and L. nanjingensis Ma & Chen, 2008. However, L. hunanensis sp. nov. can be well distinguished from L. montana and L. paraminuta by having 4 (3 + s) chaetae on tubercle De of Abd. I – III and by O-chaeta on head growing from the normal position. The latter one has 3 (2 + s) chaetae on tubercle De of Abd. I – III and the O-chaeta on head is replaced so forward that it seems to be insert on the tubercles An. The new species is different from L. nanjingensis Ma and Chen, 2008 by the body chaetae and the mandible: in L. hunanensis sp. nov., labral chaetae as 0 / 2, 2; ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae; sgd of Ant. III organ is at the same level to the two small rods and not displaced backward to Ant. IV; mandible with a rounded teeth. In L. nanjingensis, labral chaetae as 4 / 3, 2; ventral tube with 5 + 5 chaetae; sgd of Ant. III organ is displaced backward to Ant. IV; mandible without a rounded teeth. Diagnostic characters between the new species and known species of the genus see the following key.	en	Wan, Ya-Ru, Wang, Wen-Bin, Jiang, Jigang (2016): New Neanurinae (Collembola: Neanuridae) from Central China. Zootaxa 4139 (2): 183-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.3
