identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1C4F3676FA208101FEFA92A2FB31DAFF.text	1C4F3676FA208101FEFA92A2FB31DAFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristipomoides amoenus (Snyder 1911)	<div><p>Pristipomoides amoenus (Snyder, 1911)</p><p>[English name: Pale Ornate Jobfish; standard Japanese name: Usuhanafuedai]</p><p>(Figs 1A–C, 2A–D, 3, 4; Table 1)</p><p>Platyinius amoenus Snyder, 1911: 530 (type locality: Naha, Okinawa-jima island, Japan).</p><p>Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus (not of Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1832): Nakae et al. 2018: 285 [in part, Amami-oshima island, Kagoshima, Japan; 1 (KAUM–I. 108165) of 7 listed specimens]; Hata 2019: 169, unnumbered fig. [Amami-oshima island, Kagoshima, Japan; KAUM–I. 108165 (erroneously given as 10865)]; Tanaka 2019: unnumbered figs (Dong-gang, Pingtung, Taiwan; NMMB-P11951, KAUM–I. 113361).</p><p>Pristipomoides amoenus: Shimose et al. 2020: 472, figs 1B, 2B, 3, (Okinawa-jima and Ishigaki-jima islands, Okinawa, Japan); Shimose 2021: 99, fig. K (Yaeyama Islands).</p><p>Material examined. 14 specimens (149.0– 221.2mm SL) from the western Pacific Ocean . JAPAN: KAUM–I. 108165, 212.2 mm SL, off Amami-oshima island, Amami Islands, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.46666/lat 28.466667)">Kagoshima</a>, 28°28′N, 129°28′E, purchased at Naze Fish Landing Port, 29 May 2017, T. Maekawa; KAUM–I. 156090, 201.2 mm SL, KAUM–I. 156091, 177.3 mm SL, KAUM–I. 156093, 221.2 mm SL, off Amami-oshima island, Amami Islands, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.46666/lat 28.466667)">Kagoshima</a>, 28°28′N, 129°28′E, purchased at Naze Fish Landing Port, 22 February 2021, T. Maekawa; KAUM–I. 68343 186.0 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands, purchased at Iyumachi fish market, Tomari, Naha, Okinawa-jima island, 31 July 2014, Y. Sakurai; KAUM–I. 141847 186.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 141848 161.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 141849, 182.2 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands, purchased at Iyumachi fish market, Tomari, Naha, Okinawajima island, 4 February 2020, Y. Sakurai; KAUM–I. 144671, 196.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 144672, 189.8 mm SL, KAUM–I. 144673, 194.6 mm SL, southern Ryukyu Islands, purchased at Iyumachi fish market, Tomari, Naha, Okinawa-jima island, 25 June 2020, Y. Sakurai . TAIWAN: KAUM–I. 113361, 184.7 mm SL, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.4/lat 22.65)">Dong-gang</a>, Pingtung, 22°39′N, 120°24′E, 10 March 2018, line-fishing, K. Koeda and H. Hata . PHILIPPINES: UPVMI. 2410, 149.0 mm SL, purchased at Miagao Fish Market, Miagao, Iloilo, Visayas, 4 July 2018, J. Okamoto . FIJI: KAUM–I. 14938, 182.7 mm SL, off Suva, Viti <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.35/lat -18.283333)">Levu Island</a>, 18°17′S, 178°21′E, 2–4 January 1982 .</p><p>Revised diagnosis. A species of Pristipomoides, characterized by the following characters: pored lateral-line scales 59–63; body moderately deep 32.1–36.5% of SL; lower gill rakers 9–11 (mode 10), including 8–10 (9) rod-shaped rakers; body color pale pink dorsally, silvery-white ventrally, with five yellow saddles, usually not extending below lateral line; a few small silvery-blue blotches inside yellow saddles; small silvery-blue blotches below lateral line on trunk absent or indistinct; distinct line formed by small silvery-blue blotches absent on lower caudal peduncle; a large silveryblue blotch on upper opercle extending anteriorly beyond preopercular margin; a line formed by small silvery-blue blotches on upper caudal peduncle ending at upper caudalfin base; a pair of lines formed by small silvery-blue blotches along dorsal-fin base (dorsal view); a larger pair of elliptical silvery-blue blotches on occipital region (all silvery-blue blotches retained as dark-brown blotches after preservation); no distinct white margins on dorsal and anal fins.</p><p>Description. Counts and measurements, expressed as percentages of SL, are given in Table 1. Morphological and color characters given in Diagnosis not repeated here. Body laterally compressed. Upper profile of head slightly convex; dorsal outline rather more strongly curved than ventral; ventral outline evenly curved. Nostrils close together; anterior nostril opening elliptical, with flap; posterior nostril opening elliptical, located on anterior of orbit. Interorbital space moderately wide, flattened. Occipital region convex. Mouth terminal, oblique; posterior tip of maxilla extending beyond level of anterior margin of pupil, but not below middle of eye; maxilla mostly covered by cheek. Enlarged conical teeth anteriorly on upper jaw; small conical teeth in outer row on mid-lateral part of upper jaw; 3 or 4 pairs of conical teeth on lower jaw; villiform teeth on inner row of upper and lower jaws, vomer and palatines. Tongue naked. Opercle and subopercle scaled, flattened without spines. Interopercle naked; posterior margin of lower interopercle serrated. Eight enlarged scales from occipital region to above opercle. Body scales ctenoid; scales absent on snout, interorbital space and maxilla; dorsal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins naked; small dense scales on caudal-fin rays. Lateral line complete.</p><p>Origin of dorsal fin above posterior tip of opercle; dorsal fin continuous, not deeply incised near junction of spinous and rayed portions; fourth dorsal-fin spine longest, last dorsal-fin soft ray elongate; end of dorsal-fin base slightly posterior to end of anal-fin base. Origin of anal fin below second or third dorsal-fin soft ray; first anal-fin spine half height of second spine; third anal-fin spine longer than second; anal-fin soft rays longer than anal-fin spines; last analfin soft ray elongate. Caudal fin homocercal, deeply forked. Pectoral fin pointed, fifth ray longest, reaching to vertical through anus. Origin of pelvic fin slightly posterior to dorsal fin origin; depressed pelvic fin not reaching anus.</p><p>Coloration when fresh (Fig. 1A–C). Body pinkish, with yellow saddles and small silvery-blue blotches dorsally. Snout pink; interorbital space slightly yellowish. Small elliptical silvery-blue blotch behind dorsoposterior margin of orbit. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins semi-transparent pink to yellowish-white. Spinous portion of dorsal fin yellow dorsally, remaining portions of dorsal fin semi-transparent yellowish-white. Caudal fin yellow, with pinkish margin on lower lobe.</p><p>Coloration of preserved specimens (Fig. 2A–D). Body yellowish pale-brown, with numerous small dark brown blotches dorsally. Fins semi-transparent white.</p><p>Distribution. Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean; recorded from Japan (Amami-oshima, Okinawajima, and Ishigaki-jima islands), Taiwan (Dong-Gang, Pingtung), the Philippines (Iloilo, Panay Island), and Fiji (Viti Levu Island) (Snyder 1911; Shimose et al. 2020; Shimose 2021; this study; Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. The present specimens were identified as Pristipomoides amoenus due to the moderately deep body (33.9–36.5% of SL), X, 11 dorsal-fin rays, III, 8 anal-fin rays, 15 or 16 pectoral-fin rays, 60–63 pored lateral line scales, and 9–11 lower gill rakers (including 7–9 rod-shaped rakers), thereby agreeing with characters given for the species by Shimose et al. (2020). Morphometrics of the present specimens were also generally consistent with those given by Shimose et al. (2020) (Table 1).</p><p>Among its congeners, P. amoenus is most similar to P. argyrogrammicus (Figs 1D–F, 2E–H, 5), from which it can be distinguished by having 9–11 lower gill rakers, including 8–10 rod-shaped rakers (vs. 11–14 lower gill rakers, including 9–11 rod-shaped rakers in the latter). In addition, a pairwise nucleotide difference of 2.6–3.5% between the two species has been established, based on a dataset of 575 bp sequences from the mitochondrial COI region (Shimose et al. 2020). Shimose et al. (2020) also suggested that P. amoenus was distinguishable from P. argyrogrammicus in lacking a white margin on the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins (vs. white margin present in the latter), and having small blue blotches (usually retained as brown blotches in preserved specimens) within the yellow body saddles (vs. blue blotches absent). However, the tip and/or margin of the caudal fin’s lower lobe and anal fin of P. amoenus are sometimes white (Fig. 1A–C), whereas the posterior margin of the caudal fin yellowish individuals of P. argyrogrammicus is not (Fig. 1F), suggesting that the fin color feature may be unreliable for separating the two species. The presence of small blue blotches within the yellow body saddles in Shimose et al. (2020) is confirmed here as a valid character for separating P. amoenu s from P. argyrogrammicus (Figs 1–3, 5).</p><p>Our examinations of specimens and photographs of the two species revealed that they could be distinguished from one another by the following newly recognized color features: small silvery-blue blotches below the lateral line on the trunk absent or indistinct in P. amoenu s (Figs 1A–C, 2A–C, 3A) vs. distinctly present in P. argyrogrammicus (Figs 1D–F, 2E–G, 5A, C); a distinct line formed by small silveryblue blotches absent on the lower caudal peduncle (Figs 1A–C, 2A–C, 3A) vs. distinct line present (Figs 1D–F, 2E–G, 5A, C); a large silvery-blue blotch on the upper opercle extending anteriorly beyond the preopercular margin (Figs 1A–C, 2A–C, 3A) vs. a small blotch not reaching to the preopercular margin (Figs 1D–F, 2E–G, 5A, C); a line formed by small silvery-blue blotches on the upper caudal peduncle ending at the upper caudal-fin base (Figs 1A–C, 2A–C, 3A) vs. extending onto the upper margin of the caudal-fin upper lobe (Figs 1D–F, 2E–G, 5A, C); a pair of lines formed by small silvery-blue blotches along the dorsal-fin base (dorsal view) (Figs 2D, 3B) vs. usually 3 clusters of silvery-blue blotches (Figs 2H, 5B), distinctly retained as dark-brown blotches in preserved specimens (Fig. 2). In addition, a pair of small elliptical silvery-blue blotches on the occipital region of P. amoenu s (Figs 2D, 3B) were larger than those of P. argyrogrammicus (Figs 2H, 5B).</p><p>Although Shimose et al. (2020) noted that a greater eye diameter, deeper caudal peduncle, and shorter pelvic and anal fins may also distinguish between P. amoenus and P.argyrogrammicus, an analysis of those morphometrics in this study showed no significant differences between the two species (Table 1).</p><p>An Amami-oshima specimen (KAUM–I. 108165, 212.2 mm SL), previously identified as P. argyrogrammicus by Nakae et al. (2018) and Hata (2019; erroneously referred to as KAUM–I. 10865), and two Taiwanese specimens (KAUM–I. 113361, 184.7 mm SL; NMMB-P 11951, 91 mm SL), previously identified as P. argyrogrammicus by Tanaka (2019), were all identified here as P. amoenus, which has previously been recorded only from Okinawa-jima and Ishigaki-jima islands (both Okinawa Prefecture), southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Snyder 1911; Shimose et al. 2020; Shimose 2021). The present specimens from Amami-oshima island (Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan), Dong-gang (Taiwan), Iloilo (Philippines) and Viti Levu Island (Fiji) represent the first records of P. amoenus from outside Okinawa Prefecture, the Amami-oshima specimens being the northernmost record for the species and the Fijian specimen, the first record from the Southern Hemisphere.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C4F3676FA208101FEFA92A2FB31DAFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakagawa, Ryuichi;Sakurai, You;Motomura, Hiroyuki	Nakagawa, Ryuichi, Sakurai, You, Motomura, Hiroyuki (2022): Distributional Range Extension of the Pale Ornate Jobfish Pristipomoides amoenus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean, with Notes on Newly Recognized Diagnostic Coloration. Species Diversity 27 (1): 15-23, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.15, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.15
1C4F3676FA248102FF09947FFD56DB32.text	1C4F3676FA248102FF09947FFD56DB32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus (Valenciennes 1832)	<div><p>First Records of P. argyrogrammicus from the Tokara Islands</p><p>Twelve specimens from the Tokara Islands (KAUM–I. 51134, 51137, 63226, 78923, 89362, 89907, 104660, 110598– 110601, 125250, 146.6– 277.6 mm SL; Figs 1F, 2G) were identified as P. argyrogrammicus due to their moderately deep body (33.6–38.4% of SL), X, 11 dorsal-fin rays, III, 8 anal-fin rays, 15 or 16 pectoral-fin rays, 57–62 pored lateralline scales, 11–14 lower gill rakers (including 10 rod-shaped rakers) (Table 2), and the following coloration: body pale yellow to pink dorsally, silvery-white ventrally; small distinct silvery-blue blotches below the trunk lateral line; a distinct line formed by small silvery-blue blotches on the lower caudal peduncle; a small silvery-blue blotch on the upper opercle not reaching to the preopercular margin; a line of small silvery-blue blotches on the upper caudal peduncle extending onto the upper margin of the caudal-fin upper lobe; 3 clusters of silvery-blue blotches along the dorsal-fin base (dorsal view); and white margins on the dorsal and anal fins (Figs 1F, 2G).</p><p>Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus has been recorded from Njazidja Island (Grande Comore), Comoros Islands east to the Society Islands, and from southern Japan south to New South Wales, Australia (Allen 1985; Randall et al. 2002; Allen et al. 2006; Heemstra et al. 2006). However, such records of P. argyrogrammicus may have included P. amoenus and need to be clarified. Although Yoshino in Masuda et al. (1984) described the distributional range of P. argyrogrammicus as “northward to southern Japan, and the Pacific, east to the Hawaiian Islands ”, no confirmed records of P.argyrogrammicus have been reported from the Hawaiian Archipelago (Mundy 2005). In Japanese waters, P. argyrogrammicus has been recorded from the Izu and Ogasawara islands, Kanagawa (Misaki), Shizuoka (Omaezaki), Wakayama, Kochi (Tosa Bay), Kagoshima (Yaku-shima, Amami-oshima, Kikai-jima, Okinoerabu-jima, and Yoron-jima islands), and Okinawa (Okinawa-jima, Ishigaki-jima, Yonaguni-jima, Minamidaito-jima islands and Senkaku Islands) prefectures (Shimada 2013; Sakurai 2014; Koeda et al. 2016; Motomura and Harazaki 2017; Hata 2019; Shimose et al. 2020; Motomura and Uehara 2020; Fujiwara and Motomura 2020; Shimose 2021). Thus, the present specimens represent the first record of the species from the Tokara Islands .</p><p>Comparative material examined. Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus — 36 specimens (141.7–277.6 mm SL) from Ryukyu Islands, Kagoshima, Japan: KAUM–I. 38089, 259.0 mm SL, Yakushima island; KAUM–I. 51134, 229.9 mm SL, KAUM–I. 51137, 277.6 mm SL, KAUM–I. 63226, 206.3 mm SL, KAUM–I. 69735, 268.8 mm SL, KAUM–I. 76054, 266.5 mm SL, KAUM–I. 78923, 224.0 mm SL, KAUM–I. 89362, 235.5 mm SL, KAUM–I. 89907, 236.2 mm SL, KAUM–I. 104658, 209.6 mm SL, KAUM–I. 104660, 261.2 mm SL, KAUM–I. 110598, 146.6 mm SL, KAUM–I. 110599, 162.8 mm SL, KAUM–I. 110600, 210.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 110601, 160.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 125250, 187.2 mm SL, Tokara Islands; KAUM–I. 55854, 234.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 66880, 230.0 mm SL, KAUM–I. 89991, 245.3 mm SL, KAUM–I. 108166, 210.9 mm SL, KAUM–I. 132054, 179.4 mm SL, KAUM–I. 132055, 220.9 mm SL, KAUM–I. 132086, 173.6 mm SL, KAUM–I. 132083, 180.5 mm SL, KAUM–I. 132084, 210.4 mm SL, KAUM–I. 139296, 141.7 mm SL, Amami-oshima island, Amami Islands; KAUM–I. 72302, 177.8 mm SL, Kikai-jima island, Amami Islands; KAUM–I. 53948, 229.7 mm SL, KAUM–I. 121744, 277.0 mm SL, KAUM–I. 121745, 222.6 mm SL, Okinoerabu-jima island, Amami Islands; KAUM–I. 41219, 208.3 mm SL, KAUM–I. 47891, 225.1 mm SL, KAUM–I. 70800, 242.4 mm SL, KAUM–I. 70904, 275.2 mm SL, KAUM–I. 70905, 238.1 mm SL, KAUM–I. 103833, 233.4 mm SL, Yoron-jima island, Amami Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C4F3676FA248102FF09947FFD56DB32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakagawa, Ryuichi;Sakurai, You;Motomura, Hiroyuki	Nakagawa, Ryuichi, Sakurai, You, Motomura, Hiroyuki (2022): Distributional Range Extension of the Pale Ornate Jobfish Pristipomoides amoenus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean, with Notes on Newly Recognized Diagnostic Coloration. Species Diversity 27 (1): 15-23, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.15, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.15
