identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1C7C8218FF94FFF4FF0175DEFAFBFD9B.text	1C7C8218FF94FFF4FF0175DEFAFBFD9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemisus obscurus Grandidier 1872	<div><p>Hemisus obscurus Grandidier, 1872</p><p>Name-bearing type: Lectotype by present designation, MNHN 1895.280, from “Côte N. O. de Madagascar ” according to the original description.</p><p>Originally, there were four syntypes, all catalogued under MNHN 1895.280; one of these specimens today has an attached label with the number 1895.280 (here designated as lectotype, see below), and two other original syntypes (now paralectotypes) probably correspond to 280A and 280B (see below). The fourth specimen (according to the MNHN catalogue used for a skeleton preparation) was not examined as it could not be retrieved in the MNHN collection. The type locality “Côte N. O. de Madagascar ” means “Côte Nord Ouest”, i.e., the north-west coast .</p><p>Hemisus obscurus, the type species of the subgenus Pseudohemisus, is the earliest available name for a Malagasy microhylid species from western Madagascar and therefore must be a valid taxon for reasons of priority. However, probably due to the short description and bad state of preservation of the types, the species has been considered as dubious by Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc (1991) and not further discussed in subsequent publications. In fact, Mocquard (1895) already stated that the types were in very poor condition when he erected Pseudohemisus as new genus name for this taxon.</p><p>Upon examination in 2020, the three syntypes of Hemisus obscurus were in an extremely poor state of preservation. The largest of the specimens (SVL 23.7 mm; see Table 1) bears the label 1895.280; two additional labels 1895.280A and 280B are included in the same jar and probably refer to the other two specimens, which bear no labels and which measure 19.9 mm and 16.1 mm in SVL, respectively. Because these specimens are smaller, probably not adults, bear no labels, and are in an even worse state of preservation, the largest specimen with the label 1895.280 is here designated as lectotype to stabilize this nomen .</p><p>Morphology. Only a few measurements could be taken due to the bad state of preservation; these are included in Table 1. The enlarged inner metatarsal tubercle typical for Scaphiophryne, and the size and shape of subarticular tubercles, is not recognizable in the lectotype, probably because most of the skin around the feet is destroyed (Fig. 9). However, it is just possible recognize a tarsal tubercle in the lectotype, which is typical for Scaphiophryne, and the enlarged inner metatarsal tubercle is still faintly visible in one of the paralectotypes. Furthermore, the triangular shape of the head, becoming distinctly narrower towards the snout, which is rather truncate in dorsal and ventral views, and the absence of vomerine and maxillary teeth, indicate that the lectotype and the two paralectotypes indeed are Scaphiophryne . The head of the lectotype bears what might be the remains of a light vertebral line as is typical for most specimens of the S. calcarata complex (e.g., Glaw &amp; Vences 2007).</p><p>The designated lectotype also agrees osteologically with traits of the subgenus Pseudohemisus based on the deepened septomaxilla, T-shaped squamosal, ossified and anteriorly extended sphenethmoid, maxillary and vomerine teeth absent, non-divided vomer (divided in Cophylinae), sacral diapophysis flattened and broadened (as diagnostic for microhylids), vertebral column diplasiocoelous, terminal phalanges of fingers and toes knobbed and not T-shaped as in species in subgenus Scaphiophryne with expanded finger and toe tips, and pectoral girdle without ossified sternum and omosternum but with ossified clavicles (Fig. 10, Supplementary Figs S2–S 3).</p><p>Assignment. The type locality of Hemisus obscurus is, rather imprecisely, the north-west coast of Madagascar. In this region, no frogs of the lineage assigned to S. brevis (see below) occur, and therefore it is clear that the name obscurus should be assigned to a lineage of the S. calcarata complex. Hence, we apply the name Scaphiophryne obscura (Grandidier, 1872) to the north-western/western lineage of the S. calcarata complex, i.e., to the form called Scaphiophryne calcarata A in Glaw &amp; Vences (2007) and Scaphiophryne sp. 2 in Vieites et al. (2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF94FFF4FF0175DEFAFBFD9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
1C7C8218FF89FFEAFF017681FA91F8CC.text	1C7C8218FF89FFEAFF017681FA91F8CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calophrynus calcaratus Mocquard 1895	<div><p>Calophrynus calcaratus Mocquard, 1895</p><p>Name-bearing type: Lectotype by present designation, MNHN 1895.294, from “ Madagascar ” according to the original description.</p><p>Originally, there were four syntype specimens under the number 95.294 (= MNHN 1895.294), of which three were re-catalogued as MNHN 1991.2862, MNHN 1991.2863 and MNHN 1991.2864 (now paralectotypes) .</p><p>Historically, this is the second described species assignable to the subgenus Pseudohemisus, and unfortunately only has the imprecise type locality “ Madagascar ”. The original syntypes are in an extremely poor state of preservation and probably juveniles. Due to the lack of clear morphological distinctions between the lineages within the S. calcarata complex, it is not possible to unambiguously define to which of these the name calcarata should apply on the basis of morphology or biogeography.</p><p>The largest of the original syntypes is the one that originally bore the number “95.294”. SVL of the four specimens is as follows: MNHN 1895.294: 13.7 mm (Table 1); MNHN 1991.2862: 11.8 mm; MNHN 1991.2863: 9.8 mm; MNHN 1991.2864: 8.7 mm. We here designate the largest specimen, MNHN 1895.294, as lectotype to stabilize this nomen because a few more taxonomically relevant morphological characters are visible in this specimen than in the others .</p><p>Morphology. Despite its small size and extremely poor state of preservation, the lectotype can easily be recognized as belonging to Scaphiophryne by the presence of an enlarged inner metatarsal tubercle and a distinct tarsal tubercle (Fig. 9). No traces of vomerine or maxillary teeth are recognizable, but the anterior region of the head is largely destroyed, so this remains inconclusive. The subarticular tubercle on the first finger is slightly longer and higher than those on the other fingers. There are no enlarged terminal disks on fingers or toes.</p><p>Determining osteological characters of this specimen proved exceptionally difficult because its skeleton is largely destroyed and fragmented, especially the skull, which is highly disarticulated and has several elements missing altogether (Fig. 10). Nevertheless, there is some osteological support for its identification as a scaphiophrynine microhylid, such as the T-shaped squamosal, diplasiocoelous vertebral column, terminal phalanges of fingers and toes robust and knobbed and not T-shaped, and pectoral girdle without ossified sternum and omosternum but with ossified clavicles (Supplementary Figs S2–S 3).</p><p>Assignment. Due to the lack of precise information on the geographical provenance of these specimens, assigning them to a particular lineage of the subgenus Pseudohemisus is not straightforward. First of all, we considered whether the types of Calophrynus calcaratus could be conspecific with the lineage usually named Scaphiophryne brevis . Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc (1991) noted that the subarticular tubercles in S. brevis are flat whereas in S. calcarata they are protruding. In the calcaratus lectotype they are rather protruding, as already stated in the original description. Furthermore, and more importantly, on the left side of the lectotype the boundary between the dorsal and lateral skin is folded in a way that may correspond to the dorsolateral fold typical for those specimens usually assigned to S. calcarata, but not for most of those assigned to S. brevis . We therefore conclude that the lectotype of Calophrynus calcaratus belongs to one of the evolutionary lineages herein subsumed in the S. calcarata complex (Fig. 1).</p><p>To decide to which of these lineages the lectotype belongs, we can only apply a combination of arguments of historical plausibility and nomenclatural stability. We have already assigned the older nomen obscurus to the lineage occurring in north-western and western Madagascar. The range of the second lineage occurring in southern Madagascar includes several well-sampled sites such as Tolagnaro and Toliara. The original type series of Calophrynus calcaratus was collected by Grandidier who is known to have collected in the area (Betsileo) where the southern lineage is known to occur (e.g., Ambalavao, Anja, Isalo). In addition, the publication by Mocquard (1895), which includes the description of Calophrynus calcaratus, also features descriptions of several other species originating from Betsileo. Therefore, we propose to apply the name Scaphiophryne calcarata (Mocquard, 1895) to the southern lineage in the S. calcarata complex, i.e., to the form called Scaphiophryne calcarata B in Glaw &amp; Vences (2007) and Scaphiophryne sp. 1 in Vieites et al. (2009). Besides being plausible based on what is known of Grandidier’s collections, this taxonomic proposal also has the advantage of largely preserving the prevalent use of this name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF89FFEAFF017681FA91F8CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
1C7C8218FF88FFEBFF017681FCF1FD28.text	1C7C8218FF88FFEBFF017681FCF1FD28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calophrynus brevis Boulenger 1896	<div><p>Calophrynus brevis Boulenger, 1896</p><p>Name-bearing type: Holotype BMNH 1947.2.7.42, from “S.W. Madagascar ” according to the original description.</p><p>The holotype of this nomen is in good state of preservation, allowing the examination of most or all characters relevant for taxonomic assignment. Although it is smaller than most other adult specimens typically assigned to S. brevis and therefore may be a subadult, its size is similar to one small-sized adult male collected by us (ZSM 577/2000; Table 1). The general body shape and absence of dorsolateral folds or a sharp dorsolateral color border (i.e., a clearly delimited boundary between the colors of the dorsum and flanks) differentiate the specimen from those of the S. calcarata complex, and confirm that Scaphiophryne brevis (Boulenger, 1896) has been correctly applied by previous researchers (e.g., Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc 1991; Glaw &amp; Vences 2007; Vieites et al. 2009). D’Cruze et al. (2009) reported this species from the Onilahy River valley. Scaphiophryne brevis seems to exhibit at least two pronounced color morphs, one with a diffuse dorsolateral color border and typically a light midvertebral stripe (first row of Fig. 3), and one that is more marbled (second row of Fig. 3). A potential third color morph with green elements is figured in Glaw &amp; Vences 2007 (page 448), and discussed in the context of Pseudohemisus verrucosus below. These color morphs are not related to sex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF88FFEBFF017681FCF1FD28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
1C7C8218FF88FFE8FF0174EDFE42FF7B.text	1C7C8218FF88FFE8FF0174EDFE42FF7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel 1930	<div><p>Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930</p><p>Name-bearing type: Lectotype by present designation, MNHN 1929.237, from “Ambongo” according to the original description.</p><p>The original syntype series included a second item, MNHN 1929.236, with probably non-conspecific tadpoles (see below) .</p><p>The type locality of this nomen, Ambongo, is located in north-western Madagascar, not far from the karstic massif of the Tsingy de Bemaraha, according to Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc (1991). The nomen was originally based on two syntypes. One of these, MNHN 1929.237, is a specimen in a moderately poor state of preservation that is probably an adult and is clearly assignable to the genus Scaphiophryne . The second number, MNHN 1929.236, refers to a series of about eight tadpoles in poor state of preservation, conserved in the same jar as MNHN 1929.237. Most of these tadpoles, upon superficial examination, show distinct blackish jaw sheaths and some are large; consequently, by these characters and general appearance clearly do not correspond to tadpoles of the subgenus Pseudohemisus in Scaphiophryne (Grosjean et al. 2007) . For this reason, we hereby designate MNHN 1929.237 as lectotype of Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930 . This stabilizes this nomen, in the event that future work on the S. calcarata complex reveals the existence of further species in addition to S. calcarata and S. obscura, for which this nomen may then be available.</p><p>Morphology. For measurements of the lectotype, see Table 1. The tarsal tubercle and enlarged inner metatarsal tubercle are clearly visible (Fig. 9). Subarticular tubercles are difficult to recognize, but are not fully flattened (as remarked in the original description). On the left side of the body, a dark stripe runs from the eye backwards for a few millimeters, reminiscent of the dorsolateral fold typical for the S. calcarata complex. Osteological examination revealed close resemblance to the other Pseudohemisus specimens examined here (Fig. 10, Supplementary Figs S2–S 3).</p><p>Assignment. This taxon was considered to be a synonym of S. calcarata by Guibé (1978) and Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc (1991). However, it is important to mention that due to the somewhat elongated head with a distinct neck, indistinct subarticular tubercles, and very large inner metatarsal tubercle, the lectotype specimen is also reminiscent of S. brevis, and some S. brevis also show a thin dorsolateral line or dorsolateral ridge in the anterior part of the body (as recognizable in the longimanus lectotype). According to Raselimanana (2008), S. brevis does occur in the Tsingy de Bemaraha area (along with populations of the S. calcarata complex). Based on its locality, it therefore cannot be ruled out that longimanus is a junior synonym of S. brevis . However, considering the probable presence of a dorsolateral fold, we here follow Guibé (1978) and Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc (1991) in assigning the nomen to the S. calcarata complex. Micro-CT scans of S. brevis, which were not produced for this study, might help to clarify this further.</p><p>No recently collected material and no DNA sequences of the S. calcarata complex are available from the Tsingy de Bemaraha area, which is located geographically between the known distribution areas of the western and the north-western lineages of S. obscura . While the data are insufficient to assign the nomen to either of these deep conspecific lineages, based on geography we assign Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930 as junior synonym to Scaphiophryne obscura .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF88FFE8FF0174EDFE42FF7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
1C7C8218FF8BFFE8FF01775CFEF0F887.text	1C7C8218FF8BFFE8FF01775CFEF0F887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel 1930	<div><p>Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930</p><p>Name-bearing type: Lectotype by present designation, MNHN 1929.233, from “Lavenombato, bords de l’Onilahy” according to the original description.</p><p>The original syntype series contained five syntypes; MNHN 1929.231 – 232 and 234–235 are to be considered as paralectotypes.</p><p>This nomen has been considered a dubious species by Blommers-Schl̂sser &amp; Blanc (1991) and is considered to be a nomen inquirendum in Frost (2020). The original type series of five syntypes was collected at a locality in south-western Madagascar, where S. brevis is common and where the S. calcarata complex has only recently been documented (D’Cruze et al. 2009).</p><p>Four of the specimens (MNHN 1929.231–234) are juveniles, in a satisfactory state of preservation, and clearly belong to Scaphiophryne based on the presence of an enlarged inner metatarsal tubercle and presence of a tarsal tubercle. The fifth number (MNHN 1929.235) refers to a series of five tadpoles, which probably do not belong to Scaphiophryne . Because the types of verrucosus are not adults, it is difficult to ascertain their identity. We here designate the specimen MNHN 1929.233 (with the most strongly expressed tubercular state of the dorsum) as lectotype of Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930 in an effort to stabilize this nomen given the heterogeneity of the type series.</p><p>Morphology. The most distinctive character of MNHN 1929.231 – 234 is its strongly tubercular dorsum. The large tubercles are distinct, especially in the lectotype MNHN 1929.233 but less so in the paralectotype MNHN 1929.231. However, in all four specimens these tubercles are recognizable, and they even form a pair of distinct, parallel dorsal ridges above the forelimb insertion. A dorsolateral ridge is also recognizable towards the front of the flank. The tips of the fingers and toes are not enlarged; the subarticular tubercle of the first toe does not appear to be distinctly enlarged or prominent (Fig. 9) .</p><p>Osteologically, the lectotype appears to be a juvenile, because several components of its skeleton are not fully ossified. However, it does have all the hallmarks of Pseudohemisus identified in the other specimens examined here, although the type of vertebral articulation is not ascertainable due to the damage to the specimen (Fig. 10, Supplementary Figs S2–S 3).</p><p>Assignment. As far as known, distinct dorsal tubercles and ridges are not known from Scaphiophryne calcarata sensu lato, whereas specimens of S. brevis, especially in life, can have a tubercular dorsum (see photos in Glaw &amp; Vences 2007). In addition, a photograph taken by N’ D’Cruze at Sept Lacs, not far from the Onilahy/ Toliara region (reproduced in Glaw &amp; Vences 2007: page 448) shows a specimen assigned to S. brevis with several of the characters of the verrucosus types, i.e., rather distinct dorsolateral ridge in the anterior part of body, and dorsum with tubercles forming short dorsal ridges. D’Cruze et al. (2009) collected voucher specimens of S. brevis and S. “ calcarata ”. Examining these specimens and carrying out additional collections in the region will be necessary to understand the variability of juvenile S. brevis and to understand whether an additional, previously unrecognized species of Scaphiophryne with tubercular dorsum may occur in this region to which the nomen verrucosus may be assignable.</p><p>Considering the general variability observed within Scaphiophryne species in characters regarding shape of subarticular tubercles and dorsal skin texture (e.g., tubercular vs. smooth in specimens of S. madagascariensis from different localities), we propose to consider the nomen Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930 as a junior synonym of Scaphiophryne brevis, which appears to be the most plausible hypothesis in light of the current state of knowledge.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF8BFFE8FF01775CFEF0F887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
1C7C8218FF8BFFE9FF017140FB97FD07.text	1C7C8218FF8BFFE9FF017140FB97FD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel 1934	<div><p>Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934</p><p>Name-bearing type: Lectotype by present designation, MNHN 1933.149 from “Antsingy, prov. Menabe, 300 m ” according to the original description.</p><p>The original type series consisted of two syntypes. The second of these, MNHN 1933.148 has a new (red) label that erroneously reads “1933.0149”, but its identity can be clearly assessed based on its paper label. We here designate the larger of the two syntypes, MNHN 1933.149, as lectotype, to allow unambiguous definition of this nomen in case future studies reveal the existence of more than two species in the S. calcarata complex .</p><p>Morphology. The two original syntypes of this nomen (Frost 2020) are in a rather good state of preservation and are clearly assignable to Scaphiophryne based on the tarsal tubercle and enlarged inner metatarsal tubercle (Fig. 9). They bear clear diagnostic characters of the S. calcarata complex, particularly, a dorsolateral ridge running along the entire body.</p><p>Osteological examination of the lectotype revealed close resemblance to the other Pseudohemisus specimens examined here (Fig. 10, Supplementary Figs S2–S 3).</p><p>Assignment. As with Pseudohemisus longimanus, the type locality of this nomen is in an area between the known ranges of the western and the north-western lineage of S. obscura . While it is therefore not possible to assign the nomen to either of these intraspecific lineages, based on its provenance we propose considering Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934 a junior synonym of Scaphiophryne obscura .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF8BFFE9FF017140FB97FD07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
1C7C8218FF8AFFE9FF0174C0FB3FFB23.text	1C7C8218FF8AFFE9FF0174C0FB3FFB23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohemisus granulosus Guibe 1952	<div><p>Pseudohemisus granulosus Guibé, 1952</p><p>Name-bearing type: Holotype MNHN 1953.238, from “Grotte d’Andranoboka, baie Mahajamba, Nord Majunga” according to the original description (Guibé 1952).</p><p>Morphology. The holotype of this nomen is an adult in a good state of preservation and clearly conforms to the definition of the species in the S. calcarata complex. The inner metatarsal tubercle is enlarged, a tarsal tubercle is present (Fig. 9), a dorsolateral ridge runs along most of body, the dorsal skin is covered densely with very small tubercles. Measurements are given in Table 1.</p><p>Osteologically, the specimen is consistent with the other Pseudohemisus specimens examined here (Fig. 10, Supplementary Figs S2–S 3).</p><p>Assignment. Based on geographical provenance of the holotype and morphology (dorsolateral ridge along most of the body) this nomen can be confidently assigned to the northern lineage of S. obscura . We therefore consider Pseudohemisus granulosus Guibe, 1952 to be a junior synonym of Scaphiophryne obscura .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7C8218FF8AFFE9FF0174C0FB3FFB23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Scherz, Mark D.;Schmidt, Luca;Crottini, Angelica;Miralles, Aurélien;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Köhler, Jörn;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel	Scherz, Mark D., Schmidt, Luca, Crottini, Angelica, Miralles, Aurélien, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Raselimanana, Achille P., Köhler, Jörn, Glaw, Frank, Vences, Miguel (2021): Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 392-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.4.2
