identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10.text	1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Netzeliidae KOSAKYAN ET AL. 2016	<div><p>FAMILY NETZELIIDAE KOSAKYAN ET AL., 2016</p><p>Type species: Netzelia oviformis (Cash, 1909) .</p><p>Updated diagnosis: Globular or oviform tests, with radial symmetry. Aperture is central, regular or lobed and forms a collar towards the outside of the test. Presence of irregular, ‘nail’-shaped idiosomes or/and exogenous materials, when these are available.</p><p>Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S1).</p><p>Difflugia lobostoma Leidy, 1874 and Difflugia lithophila Penard, 1902 share many traits with members of the genus Netzelia, such as Netzelia achlora (Penard, 1902), Netzelia gramen (Penard, 1902) and Netzelia oviformis (Cash, 1909), placed in the genus Netzelia by Gomaa et al. (2017). The main reason for the similarity between these species was the capacity to build a test with idiosomes independently from the presence of building material (Ogden, 1979). Later works showed that Difflugia lobostoma also had this ability, justifying its inclusion within the genus Netzelia (Medioli et al., 1987) . Furthermore, both D. lobostoma and D. lithophila have planktonic life-stages, like many Sphaerothecina . Cucurbitella in turn, has been included into Sphaerothecina (Lahr et al., 2019) based on its round/oval-shaped test and the presence of a collar around the aperture, but classified as incertae sedis. Nevertheless, this genus shares with the genus Netzelia the ability of building a test without incorporating foreign particles (Medioli et al., 1987). Our phylogenetic tree shows (Fig. 1) that D. lithophila, D. lobostoma and Cucurbitella mespiliformis form a clade sister to the familyArcellidae, therefore we include the genus Cucurbitella with the family Netzeliidae and transfer D. lithophila and D. lobostoma to the genus Netzelia (see Supporting Information, Appendix S1).</p><p>Differential diagnosis between genera: Cucurbitella differs from Netzelia as the development of its collar creates an internal diaphragm, forming a second chamber with a central aperture (Fig. 9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294B0974FFFA4934FF29FA24.text	1C22923F294B0974FFFA4934FF29FA24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerothecina KOSAKYAN ET AL. 2016	<div><p>INFRAORDER SPHAEROTHECINA KOSAKYAN ET AL., 2016</p><p>Updated diagnosis: Tests have a central aperture, are rounded and have a radial symmetry in crosssection. Most have the capacity to build their own test without foreign material, possibly with self-secreted components.</p><p>Type family: Netzeliidae .</p><p>Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294B0974FFFA4934FF29FA24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294A0975FC384B35FA74F885.text	1C22923F294A0975FC384B35FA74F885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcellidae EHRENBERG 1843	<div><p>FAMILY ARCELLIDAE EHRENBERG, 1843</p><p>Type species: Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1830 .</p><p>Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S1).</p><p>Differential diagnosis between genera: (see Discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294A0975FC384B35FA74F885	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294A0975FFDA4B48FD12F948.text	1C22923F294A0975FFDA4B48FD12F948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Netzelia lithophila (Penard 1902)	<div><p>NETZELIA LITHOPHILA (PENARD, 1902) COMB. NOV.</p><p>Difflugia hydrostatica var. lithophila Penard, 1902 .</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 4968EA2D-6C2B-417B-AD2B-762E2723018A.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294A0975FFDA4B48FD12F948	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294A0975FFE14B90FA6AF9D7.text	1C22923F294A0975FFE14B90FA6AF9D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Netzelia lobostoma (Leidy 1874)	<div><p>NETZELIA LOBOSTOMA (LEIDY, 1874) COMB. NOV.</p><p>Difflugia proteiformis Lamarck, 1816: 95 . Cucurbitella tricuspis – Carter, 1856: 221; Medioli et al., 1987.</p><p>Difflugia tricuspis Carter, 1856: 221 .</p><p>Difflugia lobostoma Leidy, 1874: 79 .</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 0AD69577-89AD-42E8-9C40-03A68C73EFD4.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294A0975FFE14B90FA6AF9D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.text	1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora Gonzalez-Miguens, Soler-Zamora, Villar-dePablo, Todorov & Lara 2021	<div><p>GENUS GALERIPORA GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS, SOLER- ZAMORA, VILLAR- DEPABLO, TODOROV &amp; LARA GEN. NOV.</p><p>Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73C0B8C8-FFA4-48CC-8AE5-B0266D983995.</p><p>Type species: Galeripora sitiens González-Miguéns, Soler-Zamora, Villar-dePablo, Todorov &amp; Lara</p><p>Description: Tests built exclusively with proteinaceous organic material. Shape more or less campanulate, with a central and circular aperture and radial symmetry. The aperture is surrounded by pores. The ultrastructure of the test is composed of hexagonal units that are at least partially covered with an organic matrix layer. Commonly, two or more nuclei, situated at opposite sides of the cytoplasm.</p><p>Derivatio nominis: The name is derived from the Latin galerus, helmet and ‘ -por ī’, translated as ‘helmet-pores’. This name suggests the general shape of the theca that forms the members of this group, and the pores surrounding the opening, one of the synapomorphies of this genus.</p><p>Included taxa: Galeripora arenaria, G. balari, G. bathystoma, G. bufonipellita, G. catinus, G. discoides, G. galeriformis, G. naiadis, G. polypora, G. sitiens and G. succelli .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.text	1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora succelli González-Miguéns & Soler-Zamora & Villar-Depablo & Todorov & Lara 2022	<div><p>GALERIPORA SUCCELLI GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 3)</p><p>Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 097341BF-C706-47DD-AB62-0467FC280DCB.</p><p>Holotype: MA-Algae11252 .</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter 180.06–200.14 µm, average of 187.77 µm (N = 19); aperture 24.37– 33.35 µm, average 29.56 µm (N = 10). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. Subhemispherical test shape, with flattened edges and dimples in the surface that gives the test a golf-ball shape.</p><p>The aboral side presents no ribs or keels. Building units are covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the building units, giving a smooth outlook to the test. The oral side is also flat and smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the test building units, with a central aperture. The only pores at the base of the test are localized around the aperture, following a circular pattern and curling slightly outwards to form a small ring or lip.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The number of pores surrounding the aperture can be variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora succelli can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Galeripora succelli differs from Arcella guadarramensis by (1) its morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2) and it is larger than A. guadarramensis (see above); (2) a regular and marked granulation on the top of the test; and (3) the absence of pores along the edge of the arboral side of the test.</p><p>Habitat: Wet Sphagnum moss, in a bog.</p><p>Type locality: France, Frasne, La Tourbière (46°49’N 6°9’E).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Gaulish god Succellos (-or Succellus, in its latinized form). ‘ Cellos ’ meaning striker and the prefix ‘ su ’ good, the god’s name could, therefore, be translated as ‘the Good Striker’. As god of agriculture, forests and traditional medicine, he was believed to be in charge of keeping the soil fertile. We propose this name in referring to the type locality being a fertile place with a great abundance of vegetation and surrounded by many crops.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.text	1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora galeriformis González-Miguéns & Soler-Zamora & Villar-Depablo & Todorov & Lara 2022	<div><p>GALERIPORA GALERIFORMIS GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS, SOLER- ZAMORA, VILLAR- DEPABLO, TODOROV &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 4)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 09628A92-07D4-4DA7-BF68-A803B3A9D5D5.</p><p>Holotype: MA-Algae11253.</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 71.65–74.95 µm, average 73.20 µm (N = 4); aperture 11.15 to 12.10 µm average 11.50 µm (N = 4). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.</p><p>The aboral side of the test has a small elevation at the top that gives the test a helmet shape; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of irregular shape. Large ridges cross the aboral side of the test. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents the observation of test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized on the brim of the oral side and around the aperture, following a circular pattern. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora galeriformis can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement (see Molecular phylogeny; Fig. 1). Differs morphologically from other species closely related to Galeripora arenaria by presenting (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2), with a smaller test and aperture diameters than all species presented here; (2) pores along the edge of the base test; (3) presence of a dome in the top part of the test; and (4) irregular granulations of the top surface of the test.</p><p>Habitat: Moss on dry gypsum; terrestrial.</p><p>Type locality: Spain, Madrid, Rivas-Vaciamadrid, near Laguna del Campillo (40°19’N 3°30’W).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin galerus, helmet, and forma, shape. We propose this name because a Roman helmet is round and wide with a flat brim, similar to the test of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.text	1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora bufonipellita González-Miguéns & Soler-Zamora & Villar-Depablo & Todorov & Lara 2022	<div><p>GALERIPORA BUFONIPELLITA GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 4)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 8262B0F0-8E1B-48E4-902D-DB867DC0D5BE.</p><p>Holotype: MA-Algae11254.</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 89.05–92.95 µm, average 90.35 µm (N = 8); aperture 13.45–17.85 µm, average 14 µm (N = 4). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.</p><p>The aboral side of the test has several ridges that elevate the test forming a dome and flap borders; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of regular shape. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents the observation of test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized only around the aperture, following a circular pattern and curling slightly outwards to form a small ring or lip. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora bufonipellita can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Differs morphologically from Galeripora arenaria closely related species by (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2); (2) the absence of pores along the edge of the aboral side of the test; and (3) a regular and marked granulation in the top surface of the test.</p><p>Habitat: Mosses on the edge of a lake, partially (and temporally) submerged, growing on granitic rocks.</p><p>Type locality: Spain, Madrid, Rascafría (40°51’N 3°56’W) and (40º52’N 3º52’W) and San Lorenzo de El Escorial (40°34’N 4°09’W).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin bufo, toad and pellis, animal skin. We propose this name because of the ornamentation of the aboral side of the test, which is reminiscent of the warty skin of a toad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.text	1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora sitiens GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS, SOLER- ZAMORA, VILLAR- DEPABLO, TODOROV & LARA	<div><p>GALERIPORA SITIENS GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS, SOLER- ZAMORA, VILLAR- DEPABLO, TODOROV &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 4)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 02BD3509-F96A-4EA0-8131-03DC5DD5BA6B.</p><p>Holotype: MA-Algae11255.</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 86.50–92.65 µm, average 88.89 µm (N = 8); aperture 16.20–16.85 µm, average 16.60 µm (N = 3). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.</p><p>The aboral side of the test has several ridges that elevate the test forming a dome and flap borders; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of regular shape. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized only around the aperture, following a circular pattern. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora sitiens can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Differs morphologically from Galeripora arenaria and closely related species by (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; (Fig. 2); (2) the absence of pores along the edge of the aboral side of the test; and (3) a regular granulation of the top surface of the test.</p><p>Habitat: Moss on dry slate and quartzite terrestrial.</p><p>Type locality: Spain, Castilla La Mancha, Almonacid de Toledo (39°44’N 3°51’W).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin sitiens, dry or thirsty. We propose this name because the habitat of this species is characterized by prolonged drought with episodic rainfall.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.text	1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora balari González-Miguéns & Soler-Zamora & Villar-Depablo & Todorov & Lara 2022	<div><p>GALERIPORA BALARI GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 4)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 8000271F-3AAD-4EBE-898B-29AB8908D5E2.</p><p>Holotype: MA-Algae11256.</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 72.95–84.20 µm, average 79.69 µm (N = 22); aperture 11.50–14.15 µm average 12.92 µm (N = 12). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.</p><p>The aboral side of the test has a small elevation at the top that gives the test a hat shape; presence of several ridges elevate the test forming a dome and flap borders; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of irregular shape. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized on the brim of the oral side and around the aperture, following a circular pattern and curling slightly outwards to form a small ring or lip. The aperture is evaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora balari can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement (see Molecular phylogeny; Fig. 1). Differs morphologically from other Galeripora arenaria closely related species by presenting (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2); (2) small pores along the edge of the base test; and (3) irregular and marked granulations of the top surface of the test.</p><p>Habitat: Mosses overhanging from a rock, in dry gypsum terrestrial.</p><p>Type locality: Spain, Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca (40°05’N 2°07’W).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Irish Celtic mythology ‘ Balar ’, which means ‘the flashing one’. Balar, a Fomorian leader, was described as a giant with a large eye that causes destruction when opened. He has been inferred as an incarnation of drought, plague and burning sun. We propose this name because the morphology of this species is similar to that of an eye, and because the type locality is a dry area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.text	1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora naiadis González-Miguéns & Soler-Zamora & Villar-Depablo & Todorov & Lara 2022	<div><p>GALERIPORA NAIADIS GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS, SOLER- ZAMORA, VILLAR- DEPABLO, TODOROV &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 5)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: A6005873-8045-40E2-B0E1-DE073A2EC66B.</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter 139.20–153.80 µm, average of 146.78 µm (N = 21); aperture 48.70– 59.10 µm, average 53.76 µm (N = 21). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. The test has a discoid, flattened shape. The edges of the test are somehow curved, giving the whole test a concave outlook, like a bowl.</p><p>The aboral side of the test is flat. Building units can be partially covered with a proteinaceous matrix preventing the observation of these units. When this proteinaceous matrix is absent, small pores can be observed at the vertices of the building units, which are then located on both the aboral and oral sides. The oral side presents an aperture invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip surrounded by many small pores.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The number of pores at the base of the test and the degree of coverage by the organic matrix can be variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Differences: Galeripora naiadis can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Differs morphologically from other species closely related to Galeripora polypora by presenting (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2) and (2) by its concave outlook.</p><p>Habitat: Submerged vegetation, Ceratophyllum submersum, in an artificial lake.</p><p>Type locality: Bulgaria: Sofia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.3/lat 42.65)">Sofia Southern Park</a> (42°39’N 23°18’E).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from the Greek Ναϊάδες, the Naiads, who were female spirits or nymphs who ruled the rivers in Ancient Greek mythology. We propose this name to refer to the ecology of this species – pristine freshwater environments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FCD24F26FA69FCDD.text	1C22923F294E0971FCD24F26FA69FCDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcella Ehrenberg 1830	<div><p>GENUS ARCELLA EHRENBERG, 1830</p><p>Type species: Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1830 .</p><p>Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0971FCD24F26FA69FCDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FF9448E5FD1EF9A7.text	1C22923F294E0971FF9448E5FD1EF9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	bathystoma (DEFLANDRE 1928)	<div><p>GALERIPORA BATHYSTOMA (DEFLANDRE, 1928) COMB. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 5)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 71B87508-D89E-4DD6-88DD-BA74DBDB3303.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0971FF9448E5FD1EF9A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFD94EA7FD1EFB7B.text	1C22923F294E0971FFD94EA7FD1EFB7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora arenaria (Greef 1866)	<div><p>GALERIPORA ARENARIA (GREEF, 1866) COMB. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 4)</p><p>Arcella aureola Maggi, 1888 .</p><p>Arcella microstoma Penard, 1890 .</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: C1404AAE-CD5B-4825-9B47-F746BBF4E007.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0971FFD94EA7FD1EFB7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFDE49A0FD4EFABB.text	1C22923F294E0971FFDE49A0FD4EFABB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora artocrea (Leidy 1876)	<div><p>GALERIPORA ARTOCREA (LEIDY, 1876) COMB. NOV.</p><p>(FIGS 3, 8)</p><p>Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 19035B9C-B9FA-481E-AE0A-532695FEEDD3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0971FFDE49A0FD4EFABB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFDF4BC4FA6DFF19.text	1C22923F294E0971FFDF4BC4FA6DFF19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora catinus (Penard 1890)	<div><p>GALERIPORA CATINUS (PENARD, 1890) COMB. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 6)</p><p>Arcella catinus var. australis Playfair, 1918 .</p><p>Arcella vulgaris var. compressa Cash, 1905 .</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 4E606BBB-DB09-4125-8FE8-579064E97E08.</p><p>GALERIPORA DISCOIDES (EHRENBERG, 1843) COMB.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0971FFDF4BC4FA6DFF19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FC694CE6FA63FDFA.text	1C22923F294E0971FC694CE6FA63FDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galeripora polypora (Penard 1890)	<div><p>GALERIPORA POLYPORA (PENARD, 1890) COMB. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 5)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 77A12E43-4702-4BBD-B26A-F1E2A093955F.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0971FC694CE6FA63FDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.text	1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcella guadarramensis González-Miguéns & Soler-Zamora & Villar-Depablo & Todorov & Lara 2022	<div><p>ARCELLA GUADARRAMENSIS GONZÁLEZ- MIGUÉNS &amp; LARA, SP. NOV.</p><p>(FIG. 8)</p><p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 57A3452C-3C46-44F2-A5C9-48496E34BB57.</p><p>Holotype: MA-Algae11251.</p><p>Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: clade L: 114.60– 125.90 µm, average 120.30 µm (N = 6); aperture 19.60– 30.00 µm, average 23.63 µm. clade M 141.50–149.95 µm, average 146.06 µm (N = 4); aperture 31.25–34.50 µm, average 33.08 µm. Besides a difference in size, both clades have an identical morphology. Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. Subhemispherical test shape, with flattened edges and dimples in the surface that gives the test a golf ball shape. No ribs or keels on the aboral side. Hexagonal building units are visible, which gives the test a rough appearance; little pores can be seen at the vertices. Building units can also be appreciated at the oral side of the test, with pores at the vertices and a central aperture. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip.</p><p>Intraspecific variability: The building units may vary slightly in shape. Some building units may be collapsed, giving a rough surface. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.</p><p>Diagnosis with closely related species: Arcella guadarramensis can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Arcella guadarramensis differs morphologically from similar-looking G. succelli by (1) its morphometric differences with G. succelli (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2), both, clade N and O, are notably smaller than G. succelli and (2) the rough outlook of the test.</p><p>Habitat: Wet Sphagnum moss, in a fen.</p><p>Type locality: Spain, Madrid, Puerto de Canencia (40°52’N 3°45’W).</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from River Guadarrama, a river with a name of Arabic roots: wadi, river, and ar-rama, sandy. We propose this name as a reference to the type locality in ‘Sierra de Guadarrama’, a mountain range named after this river.</p><p>We provide a key (Supporting Information, Table S3) and a new figure (Supporting Information, Fig. S3) to facilitate the identification of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	González-Miguéns, Rubén;Soler-Zamora, Carmen;Villar-Depablo, Mar;Todorov, Milcho;Lara, Enrique	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
