taxonID	type	description	language	source
1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Netzelia oviformis (Cash, 1909).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10.taxon	diagnosis	Updated diagnosis: Globular or oviform tests, with radial symmetry. Aperture is central, regular or lobed and forms a collar towards the outside of the test. Presence of irregular, ‘ nail’ - shaped idiosomes or / and exogenous materials, when these are available.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10.taxon	discussion	Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S 1). Difflugia lobostoma Leidy, 1874 and Difflugia lithophila Penard, 1902 share many traits with members of the genus Netzelia, such as Netzelia achlora (Penard, 1902), Netzelia gramen (Penard, 1902) and Netzelia oviformis (Cash, 1909), placed in the genus Netzelia by Gomaa et al. (2017). The main reason for the similarity between these species was the capacity to build a test with idiosomes independently from the presence of building material (Ogden, 1979). Later works showed that Difflugia lobostoma also had this ability, justifying its inclusion within the genus Netzelia (Medioli et al., 1987). Furthermore, both D. lobostoma and D. lithophila have planktonic life-stages, like many Sphaerothecina. Cucurbitella in turn, has been included into Sphaerothecina (Lahr et al., 2019) based on its round / oval-shaped test and the presence of a collar around the aperture, but classified as incertae sedis. Nevertheless, this genus shares with the genus Netzelia the ability of building a test without incorporating foreign particles (Medioli et al., 1987). Our phylogenetic tree shows (Fig. 1) that D. lithophila, D. lobostoma and Cucurbitella mespiliformis form a clade sister to the familyArcellidae, therefore we include the genus Cucurbitella with the family Netzeliidae and transfer D. lithophila and D. lobostoma to the genus Netzelia (see Supporting Information, Appendix S 1).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294B0975FF904B54FD87FA10.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis between genera: Cucurbitella differs from Netzelia as the development of its collar creates an internal diaphragm, forming a second chamber with a central aperture (Fig. 9).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294B0974FFFA4934FF29FA24.taxon	diagnosis	Updated diagnosis: Tests have a central aperture, are rounded and have a radial symmetry in crosssection. Most have the capacity to build their own test without foreign material, possibly with self-secreted components. Type family: Netzeliidae. Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S 1).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294A0975FC384B35FA74F885.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1830. Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S 1).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294A0975FC384B35FA74F885.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis between genera: (see Discussion).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.taxon	description	Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 73 C 0 B 8 C 8 - FFA 4 - 48 CC- 8 AE 5 - B 0266 D 983995.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Galeripora sitiens González-Miguéns, Soler-Zamora, Villar-dePablo, Todorov & Lara	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.taxon	description	Description: Tests built exclusively with proteinaceous organic material. Shape more or less campanulate, with a central and circular aperture and radial symmetry. The aperture is surrounded by pores. The ultrastructure of the test is composed of hexagonal units that are at least partially covered with an organic matrix layer. Commonly, two or more nuclei, situated at opposite sides of the cytoplasm.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: The name is derived from the Latin galerus, helmet and ‘ - por ī’, translated as ‘ helmet-pores’. This name suggests the general shape of the theca that forms the members of this group, and the pores surrounding the opening, one of the synapomorphies of this genus.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FFA14D9EFEFAFBA6.taxon	discussion	Included taxa: Galeripora arenaria, G. balari, G. bathystoma, G. bufonipellita, G. catinus, G. discoides, G. galeriformis, G. naiadis, G. polypora, G. sitiens and G. succelli.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	description	(FIG. 3) Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 097341 BF-C 706 - 47 DD-AB 62 - 0467 FC 280 DCB.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MA-Algae 11252.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter 180.06 – 200.14 µm, average of 187.77 µm (N = 19); aperture 24.37 – 33.35 µm, average 29.56 µm (N = 10). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. Subhemispherical test shape, with flattened edges and dimples in the surface that gives the test a golf-ball shape.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	description	The aboral side presents no ribs or keels. Building units are covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the building units, giving a smooth outlook to the test. The oral side is also flat and smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the test building units, with a central aperture. The only pores at the base of the test are localized around the aperture, following a circular pattern and curling slightly outwards to form a small ring or lip. Intraspecific variability: The number of pores surrounding the aperture can be variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora succelli can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Galeripora succelli differs from Arcella guadarramensis by (1) its morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2) and it is larger than A. guadarramensis (see above); (2) a regular and marked granulation on the top of the test; and (3) the absence of pores along the edge of the arboral side of the test.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Wet Sphagnum moss, in a bog.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: France, Frasne, La Tourbière (46 ° 49 ’ N 6 ° 9 ’ E).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490976FF8549E8FAC6FB73.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Gaulish god Succellos (- or Succellus, in its latinized form). ‘ Cellos ’ meaning striker and the prefix ‘ su ’ good, the god’s name could, therefore, be translated as ‘ the Good Striker’. As god of agriculture, forests and traditional medicine, he was believed to be in charge of keeping the soil fertile. We propose this name in referring to the type locality being a fertile place with a great abundance of vegetation and surrounded by many crops.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	description	(FIG. 4) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 09628 A 92 - 07 D 4 - 4 DA 7 - BF 68 - A 803 B 3 A 9 D 5 D 5.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MA-Algae 11253.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 71.65 – 74.95 µm, average 73.20 µm (N = 4); aperture 11.15 to 12.10 µm average 11.50 µm (N = 4). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	description	The aboral side of the test has a small elevation at the top that gives the test a helmet shape; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of irregular shape. Large ridges cross the aboral side of the test. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents the observation of test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized on the brim of the oral side and around the aperture, following a circular pattern. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip. Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora galeriformis can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement (see Molecular phylogeny; Fig. 1). Differs morphologically from other species closely related to Galeripora arenaria by presenting (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2), with a smaller test and aperture diameters than all species presented here; (2) pores along the edge of the base test; (3) presence of a dome in the top part of the test; and (4) irregular granulations of the top surface of the test.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Moss on dry gypsum; terrestrial.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Spain, Madrid, Rivas-Vaciamadrid, near Laguna del Campillo (40 ° 19 ’ N 3 ° 30 ’ W).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29490977FC094853FD69FB1B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin galerus, helmet, and forma, shape. We propose this name because a Roman helmet is round and wide with a flat brim, similar to the test of this species.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	description	(FIG. 4) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 8262 B 0 F 0 - 8 E 1 B- 48 E 4 - 902 D-DB 867 DC 0 D 5 BE.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MA-Algae 11254.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 89.05 – 92.95 µm, average 90.35 µm (N = 8); aperture 13.45 – 17.85 µm, average 14 µm (N = 4). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	description	The aboral side of the test has several ridges that elevate the test forming a dome and flap borders; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of regular shape. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents the observation of test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized only around the aperture, following a circular pattern and curling slightly outwards to form a small ring or lip. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip. Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora bufonipellita can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Differs morphologically from Galeripora arenaria closely related species by (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2); (2) the absence of pores along the edge of the aboral side of the test; and (3) a regular and marked granulation in the top surface of the test.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Mosses on the edge of a lake, partially (and temporally) submerged, growing on granitic rocks.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Spain, Madrid, Rascafría (40 ° 51 ’ N 3 ° 56 ’ W) and (40 º 52 ’ N 3 º 52 ’ W) and San Lorenzo de El Escorial (40 ° 34 ’ N 4 ° 09 ’ W).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480977FFDD4875FA74FB72.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin bufo, toad and pellis, animal skin. We propose this name because of the ornamentation of the aboral side of the test, which is reminiscent of the warty skin of a toad.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	description	(FIG. 4) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 02 BD 3509 - F 96 A- 4 EA 0 - 8131 - 03 DC 5 DD 5 BA 6 B.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MA-Algae 11255.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 86.50 – 92.65 µm, average 88.89 µm (N = 8); aperture 16.20 – 16.85 µm, average 16.60 µm (N = 3). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	description	The aboral side of the test has several ridges that elevate the test forming a dome and flap borders; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of regular shape. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized only around the aperture, following a circular pattern. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip. Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora sitiens can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Differs morphologically from Galeripora arenaria and closely related species by (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; (Fig. 2); (2) the absence of pores along the edge of the aboral side of the test; and (3) a regular granulation of the top surface of the test.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Moss on dry slate and quartzite terrestrial.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Spain, Castilla La Mancha, Almonacid de Toledo (39 ° 44 ’ N 3 ° 51 ’ W).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F29480970FC774844FE1BFBD9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Latin sitiens, dry or thirsty. We propose this name because the habitat of this species is characterized by prolonged drought with episodic rainfall.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	description	(FIG. 4) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 8000271 F- 3 AAD- 4 EBE- 898 B- 29 AB 8908 D 5 E 2.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MA-Algae 11256.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: 72.95 – 84.20 µm, average 79.69 µm (N = 22); aperture 11.50 – 14.15 µm average 12.92 µm (N = 12). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. General test shape is rounded and flattened.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	description	The aboral side of the test has a small elevation at the top that gives the test a hat shape; presence of several ridges elevate the test forming a dome and flap borders; the surface does not have pores and presents a granular pattern of irregular shape. The oral side of the test is smooth, covered with an organic matrix that prevents observation of the test building units, with a central aperture. Pores are localized on the brim of the oral side and around the aperture, following a circular pattern and curling slightly outwards to form a small ring or lip. The aperture is evaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip. Intraspecific variability: The shape and number of ridges on the aboral side of the test can be variable. The number of pores around the aperture is variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis with closely related species: Galeripora balari can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement (see Molecular phylogeny; Fig. 1). Differs morphologically from other Galeripora arenaria closely related species by presenting (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2); (2) small pores along the edge of the base test; and (3) irregular and marked granulations of the top surface of the test.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Mosses overhanging from a rock, in dry gypsum terrestrial.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Spain, Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca (40 ° 05 ’ N 2 ° 07 ’ W).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0970FFF34903FAC7FB9C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Irish Celtic mythology ‘ Balar ’, which means ‘ the flashing one’. Balar, a Fomorian leader, was described as a giant with a large eye that causes destruction when opened. He has been inferred as an incarnation of drought, plague and burning sun. We propose this name because the morphology of this species is similar to that of an eye, and because the type locality is a dry area.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	description	(FIG. 5) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: A 6005873 - 8045 - 40 E 2 - B 0 E 1 - DE 073 A 2 EC 66 B.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter 139.20 – 153.80 µm, average of 146.78 µm (N = 21); aperture 48.70 – 59.10 µm, average 53.76 µm (N = 21). Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. The test has a discoid, flattened shape. The edges of the test are somehow curved, giving the whole test a concave outlook, like a bowl.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	description	The aboral side of the test is flat. Building units can be partially covered with a proteinaceous matrix preventing the observation of these units. When this proteinaceous matrix is absent, small pores can be observed at the vertices of the building units, which are then located on both the aboral and oral sides. The oral side presents an aperture invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip surrounded by many small pores. Intraspecific variability: The number of pores at the base of the test and the degree of coverage by the organic matrix can be variable. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	discussion	Differences: Galeripora naiadis can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Differs morphologically from other species closely related to Galeripora polypora by presenting (1) morphometric differences (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2) and (2) by its concave outlook.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Submerged vegetation, Ceratophyllum submersum, in an artificial lake.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Bulgaria: Sofia, Sofia Southern Park (42 ° 39 ’ N 23 ° 18 ’ E).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294F0971FC3149CCFD3BFC05.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from the Greek Ναϊάδες, the Naiads, who were female spirits or nymphs who ruled the rivers in Ancient Greek mythology. We propose this name to refer to the ecology of this species – pristine freshwater environments.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FCD24F26FA69FCDD.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1830.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FCD24F26FA69FCDD.taxon	discussion	Included taxa: (Supporting Information, Appendix S 1).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FF9448E5FD1EF9A7.taxon	description	(FIG. 5) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 71 B 87508 - D 89 E- 4 DD 6 - 88 DD-BA 74 DBDB 3303.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFD94EA7FD1EFB7B.taxon	description	(FIG. 4)	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFDE49A0FD4EFABB.taxon	description	(FIGS 3, 8) Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 19035 B 9 C-B 9 FA- 481 E-AE 0 A- 532695 FEEDD 3.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFDF4BC4FA6DFF19.taxon	description	(FIG. 6)	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FFDF4BC4FA6DFF19.taxon	description	Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 4 E 606 BBB-DB 09 - 4125 - 8 FE 8 - 579064 E 97 E 08. GALERIPORA DISCOIDES (EHRENBERG, 1843) COMB.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0971FC694CE6FA63FDFA.taxon	description	(FIG. 5) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 77 A 12 E 43 - 4702 - 4 BBD-B 26 A-F 1 E 2 A 093955 F.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	description	(FIG. 8) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 57 A 3452 C- 3 C 46 - 44 F 2 - A 5 C 9 - 48496 E 34 BB 57.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MA-Algae 11251.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	diagnosis	Specific diagnosis: Test diameter: clade L: 114.60 – 125.90 µm, average 120.30 µm (N = 6); aperture 19.60 – 30.00 µm, average 23.63 µm. clade M 141.50 – 149.95 µm, average 146.06 µm (N = 4); aperture 31.25 – 34.50 µm, average 33.08 µm. Besides a difference in size, both clades have an identical morphology. Colour ranges from transparent to yellow-orange. Subhemispherical test shape, with flattened edges and dimples in the surface that gives the test a golf ball shape. No ribs or keels on the aboral side. Hexagonal building units are visible, which gives the test a rough appearance; little pores can be seen at the vertices. Building units can also be appreciated at the oral side of the test, with pores at the vertices and a central aperture. The aperture is invaginated outwards forming a short ring or lip.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	discussion	Intraspecific variability: The building units may vary slightly in shape. Some building units may be collapsed, giving a rough surface. There may be certain deformations in the test that prevent it from having a perfectly circular morphology.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis with closely related species: Arcella guadarramensis can be diagnosed by its specific sequences of the mtDNA markers and by its phylogenetic placement. Arcella guadarramensis differs morphologically from similar-looking G. succelli by (1) its morphometric differences with G. succelli (see Morphometrics and morphology; Fig. 2), both, clade N and O, are notably smaller than G. succelli and (2) the rough outlook of the test.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Wet Sphagnum moss, in a fen.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Spain, Madrid, Puerto de Canencia (40 ° 52 ’ N 3 ° 45 ’ W).	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name is derived from River Guadarrama, a river with a name of Arabic roots: wadi, river, and ar-rama, sandy. We propose this name as a reference to the type locality in ‘ Sierra de Guadarrama’, a mountain range named after this river.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
1C22923F294E0972FC6D4E0AFD48FC49.taxon	discussion	We provide a key (Supporting Information, Table S 3) and a new figure (Supporting Information, Fig. S 3) to facilitate the identification of the new species.	en	González-Miguéns, Rubén, Soler-Zamora, Carmen, Villar-Depablo, Mar, Todorov, Milcho, Lara, Enrique (2022): Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4): 1044-1071, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab074
