identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B90647B8B7D857BEAF84B1DC01C60462.text	B90647B8B7D857BEAF84B1DC01C60462.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu 2008	<div><p>Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang &amp; Liu, 2008</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Cnipsomorpha erinacea Hennemann, Conle, Zhang &amp; Liu, 2008.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Guangxi, Yunnan, China.</p><p>Note.</p><p>The two new species small to medium in size. Spinose. Apterous. The head is round or rectangular, with spines. Occiput raised, with spines. The antennae are short, shorter than the femoral segment of the forelegs, with distinct segments. Thoracic spines or tubercles. Pronotum is nearly trapezoidal. Meso- and metapleurae with small spines. Abdomen cylindrical, with triangular extension posterolaterally of abdominal terga II-VII in females, inconspicuous in males. In females, the sternum VII has an distinct praeopercular organ, the posterior edge of the anal segment is slightly concave, and the male’s 10th abdominal segment is dorsally divided into two semi-tergites. This combination of characteristics distinguishes it from species of other genera and determines that the new taxa belong to Cnipsomorpha .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B90647B8B7D857BEAF84B1DC01C60462	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Fangling;Jiang, Yingjie;Yang, Maofa	Xu, Fangling, Jiang, Yingjie, Yang, Maofa (2023): Descriptions of two new stick insect species of Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu (Phasmatodea) from China based on integrative taxonomy. ZooKeys 1176: 37-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490
FF72105F1EC05988BCF3E0494A810DE6.text	FF72105F1EC05988BCF3E0494A810DE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnipsomorpha yunnanensis Xu & Jiang & Yang 2023	<div><p>Cnipsomorpha yunnanensis sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. One Female. Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, Jinping County, China, alt. 2100 m, 18-19 May 2015, leg. Bin Yan. Specimen code: YNJP150517001. Specimen used for DNA extraction.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Cnipsomorpha yunnanensis sp. nov. is similar to Cnipsomorpha erinacea Hennemann, Conle, Zhang &amp; Liu, 2008 (Hennemann et al. 2008). In C. yunnanensis sp. nov., the vertex of the head has only two pairs of spines, where C. erinacea has more than two. In C. yunnanensis sp. nov., the mesonotum is not convex or swollen, and is armed with two pairs of spines and three pairs of tubercles, whereas in C. erinacea the mesonotum is convex, swollen, and armed with twelve prominent spines. Finally, in C. yunnanensis sp. nov., the middle parts of the terga II-IV are not raised and are armed with a single pair of spines in the posterior region while terga I-IX are expanded posterolaterally and are almost of the same length as the abdomen width; those of C. erinacea are raised and armed with several prominent spines, and shorter than the abdomen width.</p><p>Cnipsomorpha yunnanensis sp. nov. also similar to C. jinpingensis Ho, 2021. In C. yunnanensis sp. nov., the lateral margins of the pronotum possess a spine medially, and the posterior margin of the anal segment exhibit a large trapezoidal concave edge. But in C. jinpingensis, the lateral margins of pronotum are without a spine medially, and the posterior margin of anal segment bear two to three small emarginations (Ho 2021).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (Fig. 1). Apterous. Body slender, with some sparse, small granules. General color of specimen in alcohol is yellow. Expanded terga I-IX are curved and spine-like. Legs with serrations.</p><p>Head oval, with irregular granules, without distinct tubercles. Compound eyes are spherical and protruding. There is one pair of spines on the vertex of the head, the apex leans forward. Occiput significantly reduced, with one pair of spines. Antennae filamentous, distinctly segmented, 18 segments, bristly, shorter than profemora, scapus oval, strongly compressed basally, longer than the third segment, third segment longer than the pedicellus, and apical segment roughly the same as the third segment.</p><p>Thorax slender, midline distinct, with sparse granules and spines. Pronotum shorter than head, midline distinct, and slight bulge on both sides of the midline, one pair of spines in the posterior region, interspersed with one or two spine-like tubercles. Mesonotum longer than the head and pronotum combined, with one pair of small tubercles in the anterior region, two pairs of spines in the posterior region, one pair of tubercles near both sides in the middle region, and one pair of spine-like tubercles in the posterior region. Metanotum shorter than the mesonotum, anterior margins lacking spines, middle region with two pairs of thorns, posterior region with one pair of thorns tilted backward, and rear edge near both sides with one pair of small thorns. Meso- and metapleurae with granules, and each with one spine before the base segment of the mesocoxa. Meso- and metasternum with granules.</p><p>Abdomen slender, with sparse granules, terga with spines, apex of these spines towards the apex of abdomen, terga II-IX with expanded posterolateral angles (Fig. 1C, D). Median segment shorter than metanotum, and width greater than length. Terga I-V with one pair of spines posteromedially. The 1st-5th pairs of spines gradually increase. Fifth pair of spines smaller than the 2nd pair of spines but larger than the 1st pair of spines. Terga II-VIII with expanded posterolateral angles, gradually increasing in size from the 2nd-4th pair, the 5th-7th gradually decreasing in size, 8th pair larger than the 7th pair but smaller than the 6th pair, 9th pair distinctly expanded, the shape of spine-like tubercles. Sternum VII with an indistinct preopercular organ (Fig. 1D, F). Anal segment longer than tergum IX and shorter than tergum VIII, posterior margins with a large trapezoidal concave edge, apex rounded. Cerci flat, leaf-shape, apex rounded (Fig. 1E). Subgenital plate with one spine-like tubercle, extending approximately to the posterior margin of tergum IX (Fig. 1E).</p><p>Legs slender and with serrations. Profemora incurved basally, with two serrations of the anterdorsal carina, without serrations of the posterodorsal carina, with three serrations of the antero- and posteroventral carina. Antero- and posterodorsal carina with three serrations of the mesofemora, middle serration the largest, antero- and posteroventral carina with three serrations roughly the same size. Antero- and posterodorsal carina with three serrations of the metafemora, middle serration the largest, antero- and posteroventral carina with three serrations, middle serration the largest. All tibial anterodorsal and ventral carina unarmed. Posterodorsal carina of protibiae with six serrations, gradually smaller towards the apex, interspersed with large spines occasionally. Posterodorsal carina of meso- and metatibiae with two serrations. Mesobasitarsus shorter than the rest combined, pro- and metabasitarsus longer than the rest combined.</p><p>Male and eggs unknown.</p><p>Measurements are provided in Table 3.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Jinping, Yunnan, China.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named after the province type locality, Yunnan, China.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Only known from one female; the specimen is now missing the mesofemur due to DNA extraction. This new species is flatter than other species in this genus, which may have been caused by insufficient nutrition prior to being collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF72105F1EC05988BCF3E0494A810DE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Fangling;Jiang, Yingjie;Yang, Maofa	Xu, Fangling, Jiang, Yingjie, Yang, Maofa (2023): Descriptions of two new stick insect species of Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu (Phasmatodea) from China based on integrative taxonomy. ZooKeys 1176: 37-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490
14DF57C21738518BBB214BD479F96739.text	14DF57C21738518BBB214BD479F96739.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnipsomorpha yuxiensis Xu & Jiang & Yang 2023	<div><p>Cnipsomorpha yuxiensis sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. One female. Ailaoshan Primeval Forest, Gasha, Xinping, Yuxi, Yunnan, China, alt. 2400 m. 8 May 2015. Collectors: Bin Yan, Yunfei Wu. Specimen code: YNYX150508001-1. Allotype. One male. Same data as holotype. Specimen code: YNYX150508001-2. Specimen used for DNA extraction. Paratype. One female. Jinshanyakou, Ailaoshan, Xinping, Yuxi, Yunnan, China. alt. 2377-2413 m, 17 May 2015, leg. Bin Yan. Specimen code: YNYX150507002.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The female of C. yuxiensis sp. nov. is similar to C. trituberculata Ho, 2021. In C. yuxiensis sp. nov., the anterodorsal and posterodorsal carinae of femora bear inconspicuous serrations, where C. trituberculata exhibits distinct serrations. In C. yuxiensis sp. nov., the seventh abdominal sternum bears an indistinct preopercular organ, where C. trituberculata has a distinct preopercular organ. In C. yuxiensis sp. nov., the female middle area of the mesonotum shows nine spine-like tubercles, where C. trituberculata has twelve. The male of C. yuxiensis sp. nov. is similar to the C. viridis Ho, 2021. In C. yuxiensis sp. nov., the sixth abdominal tergum is unarmed, where C. viridis has paired posterior medial spines. In C. yuxiensis sp. nov., the spines on the metanotum are not paired and are sparse, where C. viridis has0 paired posterior medial and pre-median spines.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (Fig. 2A, B, D, E). Slender and granulated. Apterous. The color of the specimen in alcohol is generally yellowish to brown, with black markings.</p><p>Head nearly spherical, with sparse irregular granules. Compound eyes large, spherical, and protruding. Vertex of head with one pair of spines, apex pointed. Occiput without swelling, with six spine-like tubercles, one pair close to the edge, middle pair larger. Antennae filamentous, distinctly segmented, bristly, shorter than profemora. Scapus oval, longer than the third segment, third segment longer than the pedicellus.</p><p>Thorax slender, with distinct granules. Pronotum shorter than head, slightly longer than wide, transverse sulcus in middle area, longitudinal sulcus indistinct, posterior margins raised, with a pair of spine-like tubercles, anterior and posterior regions slightly convex. Mesonotum longer than length of head and pronotum combined, mesonotum raised, anteromedially with eleven tubercles. Midline of mesonotum with seven spine-like tubercles, six of which form three pairs, one tubercle in the area between two pairs of large spine-like tubercles, the first smaller and the remaining four on both sides. Posterior region of mesonotum with one pair of spine-like tubercles. Middle area of metanotum raised, with three pairs of spine-like tubercles, two pairs near the midline, one pair in the middle area near the margins, rear pair largest, and rear margins with one pair of spine-like tubercles. Meso- and metapleurae and meso- and metasternum with granules.</p><p>Abdomen slender with distinct granules, and with spine-like tubercles whose apexes lean towards the apex of abdomen. Median segment shorter than metanotum, with two pairs of very small spine-like tubercles, with distinct granules.</p><p>Terga II-V with three pairs of spine-like tubercles, gradually increasing in size to tergum IV (largest), middle pair closest to midline, anterior pair next closest to midline, posterior pair closest to posterior margins (Fig. 2B). Tergum V tubercles smaller than those of tergum II. Posterior margins of tergum VIII with one spine-like tubercle, and posterior area of tergum IX with parallelogram-like bulge (Fig. 2E). Expanded posterolateral angles of terga I-IX spade-like, 1st indistinct, 2nd-7th gradually increasing in size, 8th-9th gradually decreasing in size. Sternum VII with indistinct preopercular organ. Anal segment longer than tergum IX but shorter than tergum VIII, posterior margins with deep concavity, and posterior area dilated with two long, distinct, spade-like segments. Subgenital plate boat-like, with three carina, each ridge (except middle one) with a peak, apex pointed but does not surpass posterior margins of anal segment. Cerci distinct, slightly surpassing posterior margins of anal segment, apex blunt (Fig. 2D, E).</p><p>Legs lender and with serrations, all antero- and posterodorsal carina of femora apex extend and pointed. All coxa with tubercles, one or two small spine-like tubercles (or none). Profemora incurved basally, antero- and posterodorsal carina with five indistinct peaks, antero- and posteroventral carina with five serrations, base spine very small, with rest basically the same size. Antero- and posterodorsal carina of mesoforma with three peaks, antero- and posteroventral carina with three serrations. Antero- and posterodorsal carina of metaforma with five peaks, antero- and posteroventral carina with three serrations. All tibiae unarmed, with two or three peaks, except for prominent mesotibial bulge, with rest relatively shallow. Each basitarsus shorter than the rest of the tarsus combined.</p><p>Male (Fig. 2A, C, F, G) more slender than female, granulated. Apterous. Color of specimen in alcohol is generally yellowish to brown, with black markings.</p><p>Head nearly spherical, with sparse irregular granules. Vertex of head with one pair of spines. Compound eyes spherical and protruding. Occiput without swelling, with four pairs of spine-like tubercles, two close to the middle, one each on anterior and posterior margins, one pair (different sizes) in posterior area. Antennae filamentous, distinctly segmented, bristly, shorter than profemora; scapus shorter than third segment but longer than pedicellus.</p><p>Thorax slender with irregular granules. Pronotum shorter than head, anterior margins with distinct transverse sulcus, middle area raised, posterior area slightly sunken, and posterior area raised with one pair spine-like tubercles. Mesonotum longer than head and pronotum combined. Middle and posterior areas with one pair each of spine-like tubercles, one pair largest in the middle. Metanotum shorter than mesonotum, and tubercles same size as mesonotum. Meso- and metapleurae with granules. Meso- and metasternum with granules and sparse, irregular, spine-like tubercles.</p><p>Abdomen slender, cylindrical, with granules, and with irregular black ring. Terga II-V with one pair of spine-like tubercles posteromedially, their apexes directed towards the apex of abdomen (Fig. 2C). Terga I-IX with expanded posterolateral angles with spine-like shape and pointed apex. Posterior margins of tergum IX expand outward and backward. With Y-shaped vomer of abdominal segment IX, and apex exceeding the posterior margins of anal segment (X) (Fig. 2F, G). Anal segment with deep concavity, and posterior area dilated as two distinct segments, the two side plates bent inwards, their apexes in contact. Poculum with pocket-like shape, middle area with peak, and apex blunt and not exceeding the posterior margins of anal segment (Fig. 2G).</p><p>Legs. slender, with granules. All coxae of legs with one or two small spine-like tubercles (or none). Profemora incurved basally, dorsal carina wavy but indistinct, antero- and posteroventral carina with four small serrations, posteroventral carina serrations larger than anteroventral carina. Dorsal carina of meso- and metafemora wavy and distinct, antero- and posteroventral carina with three serrations, larger serrations in posteroventral carina. Tibiae without distinct serrations, wavy but indistinct. Each basitarsus shorter than the rest of them combined.</p><p>Measurements are given in Table 3.</p><p>Eggs unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Yuxi, Yunnan, China.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named after the type locality, Yuxi, Yunnan, China.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>One of the females lacks the mesofemur due to DNA extraction. It is very rare to be able to collect the specimens in a mating state in the wild but fortunately we were able to do so in this case (Fig. 2A). The Y- shaped vomer of the male in this new species is quite different from that of all other species of Cnipsomorpha .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14DF57C21738518BBB214BD479F96739	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Fangling;Jiang, Yingjie;Yang, Maofa	Xu, Fangling, Jiang, Yingjie, Yang, Maofa (2023): Descriptions of two new stick insect species of Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu (Phasmatodea) from China based on integrative taxonomy. ZooKeys 1176: 37-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490
