taxonID	type	description	language	source
23492B464B6A45673788A201FCC041EC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. LESOTHO: 3 ♂, 4. xi. 1956, Berea district, Malubalube, Teyateyaneng, leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀, 18. iv. 1993, Cape Province, Csintsa West [33 ° S 27 ° E], leg. S. D. Lewis, coll. AMGS; 1 ♂, 8. xii. 2012, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Royal Natal N. P., trail to The C, 1675 m [2841 ′ 04.3 ′′ S 2856 ′ 14.7 ′′ E], leg. G. Ståhls, coll. PASS; 1 ♂, 1. – 3. iv. 2001, Mpumalanga Province, Blyderevierspoort NP, Plateau [2439 ′ S 3050 ′ E], leg. F. Koch, coll. ZMHB; 1 ♀, 25. xi. 2012, Western Cape Province, Kogelberg N. R, Cludebosch Cabins, 65 m [3419 ′ 38.4 ′′ S 1857 ′ 46.2 ′′ E], leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS. The material presented here was compared with the holotype of Paramyopa oestracea that is deposited in the collection of the MLUH.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6A45673788A201FCC041EC.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Bezzi (1908) also described the species Paramyopa schultzei (Bezzi, 1908) and compared it with Paramyopa oestracea. Taking the variability of Paramyopa oestracea into account, however, the only character which distinguishes Paramyopa schultzei is a difference in wing venation, the species being described by Bezzi (1908) as follows: Ein wichtiges Merkmal ist die Verbrechung der 2. Flügellängsader r vor der Randader; bei keinem Schriftsteller ist von dieser Sache Erwähnung zu finden, und vielleicht haben wir es nur mit einer zufälligen Abnormität zu tun. Bei dem einzigen vorhandenen Exemplar ist jedoch die Verbrechung bei beiden Flügeln regelmäßig vorhanden. (An important character is a break in the second longitudinal vein r [probably r 1] before the marginal vein [probably the subcosta]; this character is not mentioned by other authors and perhaps is only a random malformation. However, in the only available specimen this character is uniformly present in both wings.). Kröber (1939) concluded that in the event that the difference in wing venation was due to a structural or developmental aberration, Paramyopa schultzei would have to be treated as a junior synonym of Paramyopa oestracea. Errors in wing venation are not rare in the Conopidae and there are only a very few conopid species in which an obvious difference in venation is regarded as a reliable distinguishing character. The depository of the holotype of Paramyopa schultzei is unknown, however, and therefore it cannot be checked. The only other known specimen of Paramyopa schultzei, that was mentioned by Kröber (1939), is probably destroyed. Therefore following the argument of Kröber (1939), Paramyopa schultzei (Bezzi, 1908) is herewith treated as a junior synonym of Paramyopa oestracea (Loew, 1863) (syn. nov.).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6A45603788A6C9FB29457E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♀, 1 specimen, vii. 1959, Antalaha district, Fampanambo, leg. J. Vadon, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 4. – 19. iii. 2001, Diego-Suarez (Antsiranana), Parc National Montagne d´Ambre, 975 m [1231 ′ S 4911 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS; 1 ♀, 25. vii. – 3. viii. 2002, Fianarantsoa Province, 12 km w Ranomafana National Parc entrance, 1215 m, montane tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS; 1 ♀, 9. – 16. iv. 2002, Fianarantsoa Province, 12 km w Ranomafana National Parc entrance, 1215 m, montane tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS; 1 ♂, 14. – 31. viii. 2006, Fianarantsoa Province, Miandritsara Forest 40 km s Ambositra, 825 m, low altitude rainforest [2047.56 ′ S 4710.54 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS; 1 ♂, 25. vii. – 9. viii. 2005, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS; 1 ♀, 19. x. – 2. xi. 2002, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1190 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6C456D3788A1A5FBF445CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: (1) Madagascar: Province / Fianarantsoa, Parc National / Ranomafana, radio tower / at forest edge, elev 1130 m / 8 – 20 January 2006; (2) 2115.05 ′ S, 4724.43 ′ E / coll: M. Irwin R. Harin’Hala / California Acad of Sciences / malaise, mixed tropical / forest MA – 02 – 09 B – 136; (3) Holotypus / Thecophora clementsi ♀ / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Paratypes. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 29. vi. – 6. vii. 2003, Fianarantsoa Province, 12 km w Ranomafana National Parc entrance, 1215 m, montane tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS; 1 ♀, 22. – 29. iv. 2002, Fianarantsoa Province, 17 km w Ranomafana, Vohipara, Ranomafana National Park, malaise in rainforest, 1110 m [2115.05 ′ S 4724 ′ 43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS; 1 ♂, 16. – 27. viii. 2003, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS; 1 ♂, 31. i. – 12. ii. 2004, ditto; 1 ♀, 5. – 18. iii. 2006, ditto; 1 ♀, 18. – 30. xi. 2004, ditto. Holotype is deposited in the CAS. The left middle leg is missing, but otherwise the holotype is in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6C456D3788A1A5FBF445CA.taxon	description	Description of holotype (female). Body length 5.2 mm. Wing-length 4.3 mm. Head-height 1.3 mm. Head. Antenna dark brown, basal flagellomere black distally and dorsally. Arista of 1 dark brown aristomere situated dorsally on basal flagellomere. Aristomere about as long as basal flagellomere, broad at base and becoming abruptly narrower in the apical 2 / 3. Scape slightly longer than broad, apically with a few bristles that are almost as long as scape. Pedicel about as long as maximum width, completely covered with short black setae. Basal flagellomere slightly longer than high, and about as long as pedicel. Ocellar tubercle with three distinct light yellow ocelli. Ocellar triangle evident, about 1 / 2 of frons length. Frons yellowish brown, with obvious silver dusting laterally at eye margin and an indistinct more-or-less v-shaped golden patch in front of the ocellar triangle. Black hairs all over frons which might represent frontal and orbital setae. Face yellow, a pair of indistinct brownish spots present on facial groove. Face slightly silver dusted, facial grooves shining. Gena and facial ridge with scattered black hairs. Postcranium black dorsally, becoming whitish yellow ventrally. Adjacent to ventral posterior margin of eye there is a stripe of dense silver dusting, postgena slightly silver dusted, remaining postcranium hardly dusted to shining. Postcranium with black hairs. No hairs on a small area adjacent to eye margin, the bottom portion of postcranium, and the median occipital sclerite. Proboscis light yellow to black. No spot between frontoclypeal membrane and mouth edge. Frontoclypeal membrane narrow, widened basally, light yellow and distinctly separated from the yellowish brown clypeus. Palps long (longer than scape) yellowish white, hardly widened distally, and covered with long black hairs. Labium obviously shorter than head-length, projecting out of the mouth opening, hardly thickened basally, and anterior section not fused into a tube. Labellum as long as labium, divided only apically, slightly narrower than adjacent haustellum, and covered apically with scattered hairs. Head with distinct ocellar setae, postocellar setae are broken in holotype, 1 indistinct medial and 3 lateral postocular setae. Thorax. Thorax yellowish brown to dark brown. Scutum black with slight metallic blue reflection. Thorax completely lightly grey dusted. Distinct patches of dense grey dusting only present dorsally on katepisternum and anepisternum. Basisternum narrow, narrowed to a point, with 1 long black hair apically. Proepisternum with 2 – 3 black hairs ventrally and dorsally. Scutellum with a few long black hairs and 1 pair of scutellar bristles. Scutum with long black hairs, slightly longer than tibia diameter. 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 2 supraalar, 2 postalar, and no prescutellar dorsocentral bristles. The bristles are obviously stronger than the body pile. 3 black bristles posterodorsally and a few bristles ventrally on katepisternum. Metakatepisternum without bristles. Anepisternum and anepimeron hairless and without bristles. Wing tinged inconspiciously brownish. Veins yellowish white basally and black apically. Basal-medial-cubital-crossvein bm-cu complete. Vein A 1 + CuA 2 reaching hind margin of the wing. Upper and lower calypters white, upper calypter with long white hairs on the margin. Alula broad (about 2 times wider than long), with long hairs on posterior margin. Haltere yellowish white with slightly darker yellowbrown base. Knob of haltere with short, indistinct, light yellow hairs. Legs uniformly light brown. Legs slightly dusted to shining. Posterior surfaces of the fore and middle tibiae without obvious dusted fields distally. Legs all with long, semiadpressed or erect black hairs. Hind femur anterodorsally and posterordorsally with single outstanding long hairs. 1 preapical bristle dorsally on tibiae. Fore- and middle tibiae basally on ventral surface with one distinct line of small thick adpressed black bristles. All femora distally on ventral surface with two parallel lines of small thick black bristles. Fore coxa without outstanding black bristle which is stronger than the surrounding scattered black hairs. Middle and hind coxae with some distinct strong lateral bristles that are about as long as diameter of basal hind tibia. Hind femur not obviously thickened in the basal half. Pulvilli yellow-whitish. Claws brown with black tips. Empodium yellow-brown. Abdomen. The holotype was not dissected and the description of internal structures of the female abdomen is based on a paratype. Abdomen light brown, and covered with black hairs only. Tergites 1 – 5 slightly dusted. Tergites 2 – 4 with grey dusted spots laterally on hind margins. Maximum width of abdomen is at segments 2 – 3. Length: maximum width of tergite 2 = 0.7; length: maximum width of tergite 3 = 0.6. Sternites 1 – 2 fused but still distinct. Sternites 3 – 4 slightly protuding ventrally, the posterior parts of the sternites conspicious. Shape of theca as shown in Fig. 6. Anterior surface of theca with a few inconspicious black hairs only. Apical part of posterior surface of theca with 4 horizontal lines of close-set, short, blunt spicules. Sternite 6 almost completely covered with short, blunt spicules which are almost completely arranged in 7 horizontal lines. Sternite 7 longer than broad, slightly pointed anteriorly. Area between sides of syntergite 8 + 9 completely lightly sclerotised, and without a distinct sternite 8. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina neither with an annular sclerotisation nor covered with bristles. No obvious sclerotisation at base of either the accessory glands or spermathecal ducts. No dorsal sclerotisation evident on sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina. 2 pairs of round spermathecae, spermathecal ducts fused shortly after leaving the spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts sclerotised at spermathecae. Description of male abdomen. Tergite 1 with black hairs laterally which are slightly shorter than the lateral hairs on tergite 2. Tergite 2 not elongate and about as long as broad. without obvious lateral hair tufts but with slightly longer hairs than laterally on tergite 3. Tergite 3 not widened posteriorly. Sternites 1 – 5 present, sternites 1 and 2 to some extent fused but still distinguishable. Sternite 4 slightly broader than long and obviously smaller than sternite 5, with several long black hairs. Sternite 5 apically with a small field of thick black bristles and long hairs. Ventrally the lateral edges of the protandrium are fused by a narrow strip. Epandrium fused behind cerci. Posterior surstylus slightly pointed distally. Dense field of strong black bristles at base of posterior surstylus reaching up to anterior surstylus. Two inner bristles elongated, about as long as posterior surstylus. Subepandrial plate distinctly sclerotised and not divided. Phallus sheath slightly fused dorsally; apically without obvious evagination and without any tooth or bristles, dorsomedially without a notch. Postgonite more or less distinct. Postgonite evagination minute, hardly sclerotised, not projecting above the distiphallus, and no microtrichia evident. Two plates present at inner side of postgonite evagination, the inner one obvious and clearly larger than the u-shaped ring sclerite. Outer plate much smaller and therefore hardly evident. Both plates partly fused together. U-shaped ring sclerite obvious. Epiphallus distinct, covered with microtrichia. Distiphallus short, about 1 / 2 of length of epandrium, densely covered with blunt microtrichia, without any evaginations but with indisinct sclerotised dorsolateral plates. Ejaculatory apodeme elongate, distinctly sclerotised, attachment to the sperm sac evident. Variability. Wing length 3.7 – 5.4 mm. Colouration varies from light brown to darker reddish brown. Postpronotal bristle can be absent. The grey dusted spots on tergite 4 may be absent. Posterior surface of theca may have 4 or 5 horizontal lines of close-set, short, blunt spicules.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6C456D3788A1A5FBF445CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to David Clements (Cardiff) who patiently discusses taxonomic and morphological problems with me, and never gives up trying to explain the English language.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6C456D3788A1A5FBF445CA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Thecophora clementsi is easily distinguished from all other Thecophora species due to the metallic blue scutum and the broad abdomen with tergite 3 obviously wider than long. The large theca distinguishes females of this species from the other Thecophora species known from Madagascar.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6C456D3788A1A5FBF445CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thecophora clementsi is an endemic species of Madagascar.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B60456D3788A211FE644709.taxon	materials_examined	Material. ETHIOPIA: 2 ♀, 10. xii. 1989, Mt. Managesha, 3000 m, leg. A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B60456D3788A211FE644709.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Camras (2001) first published these two females of Thecophora distincta from Ethiopia. This remains the only record of this species from the Afrotropical Region. Thecophora distincta is widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6045683788A5C7FC0744E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: (1) 107098. Kenya / Mt. Kenya / Castle Forest / 023 ′ S 3719 ′ E / 2080 m, 12. ii. 2011 / A. Freidberg; (2) Holotypus / Thecophora / freidbergi ♀ / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Paratypes. KENYA: 1 ♀, 30. x. 1983, Equator, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1 ♀, 8. xii. 1989, Abardere, 2600 – 3000 m, leg. A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI. Both paratypes have been identified as Thecophora nigrivena by Camras (2000). Holotype is deposited in the TAUI. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The holotype is otherwise in perfect condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6045683788A5C7FC0744E2.taxon	description	Description of holotype (female). Body length 3.6 mm. Wing-length 3.3 mm. Head-height 0.9 mm. Head. Antenna black with some black-brown areas at inner side. Arista of 1 dark brown aristomere situated dorsally on basal flagellomere. Aristomere about as long as basal flagellomere, broad at base and becoming abruptly narrower in the apical 3 / 4. Scape slightly longer than broad, apically with a few bristles that are almost as long as scape. Pedicel about as long as maximum width, completely covered with short black setae. Basal flagellomere slightly longer than high, and about as long as pedicel. Ocellar tubercle with three distinct blackish brown ocelli. Ocellar triangle evident, slightly less than 1 / 2 of frons length. Frons black in basal half and brownish orange apically. Obvious silver dusting laterally at eye margin and an indistinct more-or-less v-shaped golden patch in front of ocellar triangle. Black hairs all over frons which might represent frontal and orbital setae. Face orange brown. Face slightly silver dusted, facial grooves shining. Gena and facial ridge with scattered black hairs. Postcranium completely black. Adjacent to ventral posterior margin of eye there is a stripe of dense silver dusting, postgena slightly silver dusted, remaining postcranium slightly dusted. Postcranium with black hairs. No hairs on a small area adjacent to eye margin and the bottom portion of postcranium. Median ocipital sclerite with a few scattered black hairs. Proboscis black. No spot between frontoclypeal membrane and mouth edge. Frontoclypeal membrane narrow, widened basally, yellowish brown and distinctly seperated from the brown clypeus. Palps long (longer than scape) blackish brown, hardly widened distally, and covered with long black hairs. Labium obviously longer than head-length, projecting out of the mouth opening, hardly thickened basally, and anterior section not fused into a tube. Labellum as long as labium, divided only apically, slightly narrower than adjacent haustellum, and covered apically with scattered hairs. Head with distinct ocellar setae, postocellar setae, 1 distinct medial and at least 3 lateral postocular setae. Thorax. Thorax blackish brown, without any reflection. Thorax completely grey dusted. Obvious shining stripe reaching from middle coxa up to postpronotum and covering the anterior part of katepisternum and most of anepisternum. On posterior half of scutum there is a shining medial patch that ends anteriorly in three indistinct shining stripes. Basisternum narrow, narrowed to a point, with 2 black hairs apically. Proepisternum with 1 black hair ventrally and a few hairs dorsally. Scutellum covered with long black hairs and with 2 pairs of scutellar bristles, the lateral scutellar bristles distinctly smaller. Scutum with black hairs distinctly longer than tibia diameter. 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 2 supraalar, 2 – 3 postalar bristles. The bristles are difficult to pick out amongst the long body pile. 2 black bristles posterodorsally and 1 bristle ventrally on katepisternum. Metakatepisternum without bristles. Anepisternum and anepimeron hairless and without bristles. Wing inconspiciously tinged brownish. Veins greyish black all over. Basal-medial-cubital-crossvein bm-cu incomplete. Vein A 1 + CuA 2 only just reaching hind margin of wing. Upper and lower calypters whitish brown, upper calypter with long white hairs on margin. Alula broad (about 2 times wider than long), with long hairs on posterior margin. Haltere yellowish white with a brown base. Hairs on knob of haltere not evident. Legs uniformly blackish brown. Legs slightly dusted to shining. Posterior surfaces of fore and middle tibiae without obvious dusted fields distally. Legs all with long, semiadpressed or erect black hairs. Hind femur anterodorsally and posterodorsally with single outstanding long hairs. 1 preapical bristle dorsally on tibiae. Tibiae basally on ventral surface lacking a distinct line of small thick adpressed black bristles. Fore and middle femora distally on ventral surface each with two more-orless distinct parallel lines of small thick black bristles. No such line on hind femur. Fore coxa lacking outstanding black bristle which is stronger than the surrounding scattered black hairs. Middle and hind coxae with some distinct strong lateral bristles that are about as long as diameter of hind tibia at base. Hind femur not obviously thickened in basal half. Pulvilli yellow-whitish. Claws brown with black tips. Empodium yellowish brown. Abdomen. Abdomen black, and covered with black hairs only. Tergites 1 – 5 slightly dusted, tergites 3 – 4 with indistinct grey bands of dusting on posterior margins. Maximum width of abdomen is at segments 2 – 3. Length: maximum width of tergite 2 = 0.8; length: maximum width of tergite 3 = 0.7. Sternites 3 – 4 protuding ventrally, the posterior parts of the sternites conspicious. Shape of theca as shown in Fig. 17. Anterior surface of theca without hairs. Apical 1 / 3 of posterior surface of theca with 4 horizontal lines of close-set, short, blunt spicules. Sternite 6 almost completely covered with short, blunt spicules which are almost completely arranged in 7 horizontal lines. Sternite 7 longer than broad, rounded anteriorly. Area between sides of syntergite 8 + 9 completely lightly sclerotised, and without a distinct sternite 8. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina with an annular sclerotisation and not covered with bristles. No obvious sclerotisation at base of either the accessory glands or spermathecal ducts. A dorsal sclerotisation is evident on the sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina. 2 pairs of round spermathecae, spermathecal ducts fused shortly after leaving the spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts sclerotised at spermathecae. Male unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6045683788A5C7FC0744E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Amnon Freidberg (Jerusalem) who has to date collected the only known specimens of this distinctive species. Amnon Freidberg has contributed greatly to knowledge of the distribution of Conopidae in the Afrotropical Region through his enormous collecting activity in Africa.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6045683788A5C7FC0744E2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Thecophora freidbergi is a dark species with a broad theca. It can only be confused with Thecophora hyalipennis, from which it is differentiated by its completely blackish legs (Fig. 14), dark base to its wing (Fig. 15) and the obvious large shining area on the anepisternum which reaches up to the postpronotum (Fig. 15).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6045683788A5C7FC0744E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thecophora freidbergi is known only from Kenya thus far.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545683788A179FBC94709.taxon	materials_examined	Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 17. – 18. ii. 2010, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Royal Natal National Park, Tiger Falls area, 1545 m [2841.341 ′ S 2856.047 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545683788A179FBC94709.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Kröber (1916 b) compared Thecophora hyalipennis with Thecophora pusilla, a species which he redescribed in the same paper. Based on the information given in the redescription of Thecophora pusilla and the differences from Thecophora hyalipennis given in the original description, the latter species can be sufficiently characterised by the following: (1) Die Flügel sind absolut hyalin, an der Basis hell intensiv ockergelb., (2) Die Theka scheint breiter, löffelförmig zu sein. (3) Die Beine sind ganz schwarz mit hellen Knien oder die Schenkelbasis, besonders der Hinterschenkel, ist hellgelb. (( 1) Wing absolutely hyaline, bright yellow at base. (2) Theca broader, spoon-shaped. (3) legs black with yellow knees, or base of femur, especially the hind femur, light yellow.). The type material is probably destroyed and therefore cannot be checked.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545683788A353FEA74110.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 6. – 17. vii. 2003, Fianarantsoa Province, 12 km w Ranomafana National Park entrance, 1215 m, montane tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS; 1 ♂, 27. ii. – 13. iii. 2005, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS; 1 ♀, 27. vi. – 12. vii. 2005, ditto.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545683788A353FEA74110.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Camras (1962 b) described two characters that confirm the interpretation of this species as given in the key: (1) Facial grooves mainly black. This character state is observed in some specimens of Thecophora metallica but never in Thecophora clementsi. (2) Thorax metallic blue-green violet, and as variation of the paratype, The metallic color on thorax is very faint on the pleura. The metallic pleurae are characteristic of this species (Fig. 18).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545743788A566FC0D43A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: (1) Kenya, Western Prov. / Kakamega forest / 014.13 ′ N, 3451.87 ′ E / 6. – 13. xi. 1999, Malaise / trap, R. Copeland; (2) Holotypus / Thecophora nigrifrons ♀ / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Paratypes. CAMEROON: 1 ♂, 18. xi. 1987, Bambalang off Rt. N 11, 35 km E. Bamenda, 1200 m, leg. F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora flavicornis var. by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 20. xi. 1987, Rt. N 6, Bali-Batibo, West of Bamenda, leg. F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora flavicornis var. by Camras 2000; KENYA: 1 ♀, 17. x. 1987, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♀, 11. v. 1991, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, leg. A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora flavicornis var. by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 23. ix. 2005, Western Province, Kakamega Forest [013 ′ N 3452 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. NMKE; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 20. – 27. xi. 1999, Western Province, Kakamega Forest, malaise trap [014.13 ′ N 3451.87 ′ E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE. Holotype is deposited in the NMKE. The holotype is in very good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545743788A566FC0D43A1.taxon	description	Description of holotype (female). Body length 5.2 mm. Wing-length 4.2 mm. Head-height 1.1 mm. Head. Antenna orange-brown, basal flagellomere black distally and dorsally. Arista with 1 orange-brown aristomere situated dorsally on basal flagellomere. Aristomere about as long as basal flagellomere, broad at base and becoming abruptly narrower in the apical 2 / 3. Scape distinctly longer than broad, apically with a few bristles which are shorter than scape. Pedicel longer than maximum width, completely covered with short black setae. Basal flagellomere distinctly longer than high, and about as long as pedicel. Ocellar tubercle with three distinct brown ocelli. Ocellar triangle evident, about 1 / 2 of frons length. Frons black, with only a small yellow spot above antennae. Obvious silver dusting laterally at eye margin and an indistinct more-or-less v-shaped golden patch in front of the ocellar triangle. Black hairs all over frons which might represent frontal and orbital setae. Face orangebrown and slightly silver dusted, facial grooves shining. Gena and facial ridge with scattered black hairs. Postcranium black dorsally, becoming blackish brown ventrally. Adjacent to ventral posterior margin of eye there is a stripe of dense silver dusting; postgenae slightly silver dusted, remaining postcranium slightly dusted to shining. Postcranium with black hairs. No hairs on a small area adjacent to eye margin and bottom portion of postcranium. Median occipital sclerite with only a few scattered black hairs. Proboscis black, with an indistinct brown spot between frontoclypeal membrane and mouth edge. Frontoclypeal membrane narrow, widened basally, yellowish brown and distinctly separated from the brown clypeus. Palps long (longer than scape) blackish brown, hardly widened distally, and covered with long black hairs. Labium about as long as head-length, projecting out of mouth opening, hardly thickened basally; anterior section not fused into a tube. Labellum as long as labium, only divided apically, slightly narrower than adjacent haustellum, and covered with scattered hairs. Head with distinct ocellar setae, postocellar setae, 1 distinct medial and 2 lateral postocular setae. Thorax. Thorax blackish brown without any reflection, completely grey dusted, with only the anepisternum shining in ventral 2 / 3. Postpronotum and scutum along the transverse suture denser dusted. Basisternum narrow, narrowed to a point, with 3 – 4 black hairs apically. Proepisternum with 2 black hairs ventrally and a few hairs dorsally. Scutellum covered with long white hairs and 2 pairs of scutellar bristles (the lateral scutellar bristles distinctly smaller). Scutum with short black hairs, about as long as tibia diameter. 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 supraalar, 2 postalar, and 1 prescutellar bristle. 1 black bristle posterodorsally and several bristles ventrally on katepisternum. Metakatepisternum without bristles. Anepisternum and anepimeron hairless and without bristles. Wing tinged inconspiciously brownish. Veins yellowish white basally and black apically. Basal-medial-cubital-crossvein bm-cu incomplete. Vein A 1 + CuA 2 not quite reaching hind margin of wing. Upper and lower calypters whitish brown, upper calypter with long white hairs on margin. Alula broad (about 2 times wider than long), with long hairs on posterior margin. Haltere yellowish white with brown base. Knob of haltere with short, indistinct, light yellow hairs. Legs brown, fore coxa, basal 2 / 3 of femora and basal 3 tarsomeres yellow. Legs slightly dusted to shining. Posterior surfaces of fore and middle tibiae without obvious dusted fields distally. Legs all with long, semiadpressed or erect black hairs. Hind femur anterodorsally and posterordorsally with single outstanding long hairs. 1 – 2 prepreapical bristles dorsally on tibiae. Fore and middle tibiae basally on ventral surface with one distinct line of small, thick, adpressed black bristles. All femora distally on ventral surface with two parallel lines of small, thick, black bristles. Fore coxa without outstanding black bristle which is stronger than the surrounding scattered black hairs. Middle and hind coxae with some distinct strong lateral bristles which are about as long as diameter of basal hind tibia. Hind femur not obviously thickened in basal half. Pulvilli yellow-whitish. Claws brown with black tips. Empodium yellowish brown. Abdomen. Abdomen blackish brown, and covered with black hairs only. Tergites 1 – 5 slightly dusted. Tergites 2 – 3 with grey dusted spots laterally on hind margins. The holotype was not dissected and the description of internal structures of the female abdomen is based on a paratype. Abdomen parallel-sided. Length: maximum width of tergite 2 = 1.4; length: maximum width of tergite 3 = 1.1. Sternites 3 – 4 protruding ventrally, posterior parts of sternites conspicious. Shape of theca as shown in Fig. 24. Anterior surface of theca without hairs. Apical 1 / 3 of posterior surface of theca with 5 horizontal lines of close-set, short, blunt spicules. Sternite 6 almost completely covered with short, blunt spicules which are almost entirely arranged in 9 horizontal lines. Sternite 7 longer than broad, slightly pointed anteriorly. Area between sides of syntergite 8 + 9 entirely lightly sclerotised, and without a distinct sternite 8. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina with annular sclerotisation and not covered with bristles. Base of accessory glands slightly sclerotised. Spermathecal ducts not sclerotised at base. A dorsal sclerotisation is evident on the sack-like ventral protrusion of the vagina. 2 pairs of round spermathecae, spermathecal ducts fused shortly after leaving spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts not sclerotised at spermathecae. Description of male abdomen. Tergite 1 with black hairs laterally which are slightly shorter than the lateral hairs on tergite 2. Tergite 2 elongated, distinctly longer than wide. Tergite 2 without obvious lateral hair tufts, but with slightly longer hairs than laterally on tergite 3. Tergite 3 not widened posteriorly. Sternites 1 – 5 present, sternites 1 and 2 to some extent fused but still distinguishable. Sternite 4 slightly broader than long and obviously smaller than sternite 5, with several long black hairs. Sternite 5 apically with a small field of thick black bristles and long hairs. Ventrally the lateral edges of the protandrium are fused by a narrow strip. Epandrium fused behind cerci. Posterior surstylus slightly pointed distally. A dense field of strong black bristles at base of posterior surstylus reaching up to anterior surstylus. Two inner bristles elongated, about as long as posterior surstylus. Subepandrial plate distinctly sclerotised and u-shaped. Phallus sheath slightly fused dorsally; apically without obvious evagination and without any tooth or bristles, dorsomedially without a notch. Postgonite more-or-less distinct. Postgonite evagination small, hardly sclerotised, not projecting above distiphallus and covered with microtrichia. Two plates at inner side of postgonite evagination, the inner one obvious but the outer plate much smaller and therefore hardly evident. Both plates partly fused together. A u-shaped ring sclerite is obvious. Epiphallus distinct, covered with microtrichia. Distiphallus short, about 1 / 2 of length of epandrium, densely covered with blunt microtrichia, without any evaginations but with indistinct sclerotised dorsolateral plates. Ejaculatory apodeme elongate, distinctly sclerotised, attachment to sperm sac evident. Variability. Wing length 4.2 – 5.3 mm. The dusting on tergites 2 – 4 varies and the abdomen might be shining with only grey dusted spots at the hind margins.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545743788A566FC0D43A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is combined from the Latin nigra (black) and frons. The black frons is an obvious feature of the species, and the character which first drew my attention to it.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545743788A566FC0D43A1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Thecophora nigrifrons is close to Thecophora pilosa, which has light yellow legs and a more distinctly yellowish wing base (Fig. 21). The mainly black frons (Fig. 22) is a first clue in recognising Thecophora nigrifrons. More important, however, is the different shape of the theca in female, which is broader and has 4 – 5 distinct lines of black spicules in T. nigrifrons (Fig. 24). The epandrium of male T. nigrifrons has no long, pointed setae close to the surstylus (Fig. 26).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B6545743788A566FC0D43A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thecophora nigrifrons is only known from Kenya to date.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7845763788A0ADFCD446CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. BURUNDI: 1 ♂, 25. xii. 1948, Bururi Province, Bururi, 1950 m, leg. F. François, coll. ISNB; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 ♀, 22. – 27. iii. 1934, Kivu, Kalondo, lac Ndaraga, Mokoto, 1750 m, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. PJHS; 2 ♀, 26. – 28. viii. 1952, Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, 2210 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. MRAC; 2 ♂, 26. – 28. iii. 1952, ditto; 1 ♂, 29. viii. 1952, ditto; 1 ♀, 4. ix. 1952, ditto; 1 ♀, 8. i. 1954, Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Riv. Kamusonge, aff Butahu, 1900 m, leg. H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 27. i. 1953, Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Riv. Nyamwamba, 2010 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂, 26. – 29. iii. 1952, Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Riv. Nyamwamba, aff Butahu, 2100 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂, 22. x. 1952, Massif Ruwenzori, Kyandolire, Camp des Gardes, 1700 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. PJHS; 1 ♀, 19. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Busiangwa, aff. Musabaki, 2.380 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂, 12. iii. 1953, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Hintumo (lieudit), 2450 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 24. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Hintumo (lieu-dit), 2450 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 18. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Kirungu (lieu-dit), 2720 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 15. – 27. iv. 1955, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Kalivina, affl. Talia Nord, 2350 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & R. Fonteyn, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 29. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Kalivina, affl. Talia Nord, 2350 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 3 ♀, 20. iv. 1955, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Kisesa, affl. Talya Nord, 2580 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & R. Fonteyn, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 23. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Talia Nord, 2340 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 28. iii. 1954, ditto.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7845763788A0ADFCD446CC.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Camras (1962 a) gives characters that distinguish this species from the other described Afrotropical Thecophora as follows: (1) Veins black to the very base., (2) Legs black, yellow on basal half of posterior femur, [and] basal one third of middle femur, (3) In some views the dorsum is faintly white pollinose, leaving two very fine black longitudinal stripes on the anterior half., and (4) Theca yellow, black on apical margin; relatively large, wider in the middle than at base. The holotype of this species is deposited in the MRAC and has been checked by the author. This species can easily be confused with small dark Thecophora pilosa which have a dark wing base and completely black fore and middle legs.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7B45713788A31CFC0A4282.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: (1) Madagascar: Province / Fianarantsoa, Parc National / Ranomafana, radio tower / at forest edge, elev 1130 m / 18 – 26 October 2003 / 2115.05 ′ S, 4724.43 ′ E; (2) coll: M. Irwin R. Harin’Hala / California Acad of Sciences / malaise, mixed tropical / forest MA – 02 – 09 B – 76; (3) Holotypus / Thecophora / obsoleta ♀ / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2013. Paratypes. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 25. vii. – 9. viii. 2005, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS. Holotype is deposited in the CAS. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The holotype is missing the left hind leg but is otherwise in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7B45713788A31CFC0A4282.taxon	description	Description of holotype (female). Body length 4.5 mm. Wing-length 3.8 mm. Head-height 1.0 mm. Head. Antenna dark brown, basal flagellomere black distally and dorsally. Arista with 1 dark brown aristomere situated dorsally on basal flagellomere. Aristomere about as long as basal flagellomere, broad basally, and becoming abruptly narrower in the apical 3 / 4. Scape cannot be seen in the holotype. Pedicel about as long as maximum width, completely covered with short black setae. Basal flagellomere slightly longer than high, and about as long as pedicel. Ocellar tubercle with three distinct light yellow ocelli. Ocellar triangle evident, about 1 / 2 of frons length. Frons dark brown. Obvious silver dusting laterally at eye margin and an indistinct more-or-less v-shaped golden patch in front of the ocellar triangle. Black hairs all over frons which might represent frontal and orbital setae. Face yellow and slightly silver dusted, facial grooves shining. Gena and facial ridge with scattered black hairs. Postcranium black dorsally, becoming yellowish brown ventrally. Adjacent to ventral posterior margin of eye there is a stripe of dense silver dusting; postgenae slightly silver dusted, remaining postcranium slightly dusted. Postcranium with black hairs. No hairs on a small area adjacent to eye margin and the bottom portion of the postcranium. Median occipital sclerite with only a few scattered black hairs. Proboscis brown to black. No spot between frontoclypeal membrane and mouth edge. Frontoclypeal membrane narrow, widened basally, light yellow, and distinctly seperated from brown clypeus. Palps long (longer than scape) brown, hardly widened distally, and covered with long black hairs. Labium obviously shorter than head-length, projecting out of the mouth opening and hardly thickened basally, the anterior section not fused into a tube. Labellum as long as labium, only divided apically, slightly smaller than adjacent haustellum and covered apically with scattered hairs. Head with distinct ocellar setae, postocellar setae, 1 distinct medial and 2 lateral postocular setae. Thorax. Thorax blackish brown without any reflection, and entirely lightly grey dusted. Distinct patches of dense grey dusting only present dorsally on katepisternum and anepisternum. Basisternum narrow, narrowed to a point, with 2 – 3 black hairs apically. Proepisternum with 1 black hair ventrally and a few hairs dorsally. Scutellum with a very few scattered long black hairs and 1 pair of scutellar bristles, broken in holotype. Scutum with long black hairs, distinctly longer than tibia diameter. 1 – 2 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 2 supraalar and 2 postalar present, and 1 bristle which might represent a prescutellar dorsocentral bristle. The bristles are obviously stronger than the body pile. 2 black bristles posterodorsally and 2 bristles ventrally on katepisternum. Metakatepisternum without bristles. Anepisternum and anepimeron hairless and without bristles. Wing tinged inconspiciously brownish. Veins yellowish white basally and black apically. Basal-medial-cubital-crossvein bm-cu complete. Vein A 1 + CuA 2 reaching hind margin of the wing. Upper and lower calypters white, upper calypter with long white hairs on margin. Alula broad (about 2 times wider than long), with long hairs on posterior margin. Haltere yellowish white with a slightly darker yellowish brown base. Knob of haltere with short, indistinct, light yellow hairs. Legs uniformly light brown, slightly dusted to shining. Posterior surfaces of fore and middle tibiae without obvious dusted fields distally. Legs all with long, semiadpressed or erect black hairs. Hind femur anterodorsally and posterordorsally with single outstanding long hairs. 2 preapical bristles dorsally on fore and middle tibiae, 1 preapical bristle dorsally on hind tibiae. Fore and middle tibiae basally on ventral surface with one distinct line of small, thick, adpressed black bristles. All femora distally on ventral surface with two parallel lines of small, thick black bristles. Fore coxa without an outstanding black bristle which is stronger than the surrounding scattered black hairs. Middle and hind coxae with some distinct strong lateral bristles which are about as long as diameter of basal hind tibia. Hind femur not obviously thickened in basal half. Pulvilli yellow-whitish. Claws brown with black tips. Empodium yellowish brown. Abdomen. Abdomen light brown, and covered with black hairs only. Tergites 1 – 5 slightly dusted. Tergites 1 – 4 with denser grey dusted hind margins. Abdomen parallel sided. Length: maximum width of tergite 2 = 1.2; length: maximum width of tergite 3 = 0.8. Sternites 1 – 2 fused but still distinct. Sternite 4 slightly protuding ventrally. Shape of theca as shown in Fig. 34. Anterior surface of theca without hairs. Apical 1 / 3 of posterior surface of theca with 4 horizontal lines of close-set, short, blunt spicules. Sternite 6 almost completely covered with short, blunt spicules which are almost entirely arranged in 5 horizontal lines. Sternite 7 longer than wide, slightly pointed anteriorly. Area between sides of syntergite 8 + 9 entirely lightly sclerotised, without a distinct sternite 8. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina neither with an annular sclerotisation nor covered with bristles. No obvious sclerotisation at base of either the accessory glands or spermathecal ducts. No dorsal sclerotisation evident on the sack-like ventral protrusion of the vagina. 2 pairs of round spermathecae; spermathecal ducts fuse shortly after leaving spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts not sclerotised at spermathecae. Description of male abdomen. Tergite 1 with black hairs laterally which are slightly shorter than the lateral hairs on tergite 2. Tergite 2 about as long as broad and without obvious lateral hair tufts, although with slightly longer hairs than laterally on tergite 3. Tergite 3 not widened posteriorly. Sternites 1 – 5 present, sternites 1 and 2 to some extent fused but still distinguishable. Sternite 4 slightly wider than long and obviously smaller than sternite 5, with several long black hairs. Sternite 5 apically with a small field of thick black bristles and long hairs. Ventrally the lateral edges of the protandrium are fused by a narrow strip that is indistinct medially. Epandrium as shown in Figs 35 – 36. Epandrium not fused behind cerci. Posterior surstylus slightly pointed distally. A dense field of strong black bristles at base of posterior surstylus reaching up to anterior surstylus. Two inner bristles elongated, about as long as posterior surstylus. Subepandrial plate hardly sclerotised and therefore not distinct, elongated. Phallus sheath slightly fused dorsally; apically without obvious evagination and without any tooth or bristles, dorsomedially without a notch. Postgonite more-or-less distinct. Postgonite evagination small, not sclerotised, not projecting above distiphallus and covered with microtrichia. No plates evident at inner side of postgonite evagination but two small, strong sclerotisations present. A u-shaped ring sclerite is obvious. Epiphallus distinct, covered with microtrichia. Distiphallus short, about 1 / 2 of length of epandrium, densely covered with blunt microtrichia, without any evaginations and without sclerotised dorsolateral plates. Ejaculatory apodeme elongate, distinctly sclerotised, attachment to sperm sac evident.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7B45713788A31CFC0A4282.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin adjective obsoletus and indicates that this species is the least obvious Thecophora from Madagascar because of the lack of metallic blue colouration on the scutum.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7B45713788A31CFC0A4282.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Thecophora obsoleta is easily recognised because it is the only species occuring in Madagascar without a metallic blue scutum, having instead a completely black scutum (Fig. 32). The short theca (Fig. 34) distinguish this species from all other sympatric Thecophora species. If it becomes the case that the lack of characteristic plates at the inner side of the postgonite evagination, which has small, strong sclerotisations instead, is a constant character of the male genitalia this will additionally distinguish Thecophora obsoleta males from all other Thecophora species.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7B45713788A31CFC0A4282.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thecophora obsoleta is an endemic species of Madagacar.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7C457D3788A6D9FB3A402E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. ANGOLA: 2 ♂, 16. – 18. iii. 1972, Cuanza Sul Province, 7 mls. w Gabela, A 30, leg., coll. PJHS; 3 ♀, 10. – 18. iii. 1972, ditto; CAMEROON: 1 ♂, 11. – 13. xi. 1987, Mt. Cameroon, 2800 m, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora nigrivena by Camras 2000; 1 ♂, 7. xi. 1987, Rt. N 9, 20 km E Sangmelima, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora flavicornis by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 16. viii. 2013, Northwest Reg., Menoua, Universit de Dschang [0526.761 ′ N 1004.237 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; 1 ♀, 17. – 19. viii. 2013, Northwest Reg., Mezam, Bafut village, 1060 m [0605.026 ′ N 1007.442 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; 1 ♀, 28. xii. 2007, NW Province, Big Babanki Mendong Buo [65 ′ 26 ′′ N 1018 ′ 9 ′′ E], leg. R. Tropek, coll. CULSP; 1 ♀, 12. v. 2006, Province Adamaoua, Ranch de Ngaoundaba, Ngaoundér, 1265 [77 ′ 46 ′′ N 1341 ′ 44 ′′ E], leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS; 1 ♀, 15. v. 2006, province Sud Ouest, Mt. Cameroon, Buea, mountain rain forest, 990 m [47 ′ 50 ′′ N 912 ′ 47 ′′ E], leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 6 ♂ 1 ♀, 4. xii. 2010, 60 km w Banibo, 630 m [350 ′ N 1644 ′ E], leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 ♀, i. – ii. 1913, Congo da Lemba, leg. R. Mayne, coll. MRAC, paratype of Thecophora flavicornis; 1 ♀, 1. ii. 1951, „ Il / fd / gar, leg. H. de Saeger, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 4. iii. 1936, Kamogobe, Sud Masisi, leg. L. Lippens, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 4. x. 1947, Mabwe, lac Upemba, 585 m, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. ISNB; 1 ♀, 15. x. 1952, Massif Ruwenzori, Bomboka près Kyandolire, 1650 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. PJHS; 1 ♀, 22. x. 1952, ditto; 1 ♂, 15. x. 1952, Massif Ruwenzori, Bomboka près., Kyandolire, 1650 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂, 17. ii. 1953, Massif Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Riv. Katauleko, aff. Butahu, 2060 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. PJHS; 1 ♀, 19. vii. 1954, Massif Ruwenzori, Monte Degio, 2200 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 10. – 15. iv. 1953, Massif Ruwenzori, Moyenne Lume, Kiribata (Migeri), 1760 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch, coll. PJHS; 1 ♂, 9. viii. 1954, Massif Ruwenzori, riv. Kakalari, affl. Bombi, 1725 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 25. – 28. vii. 1955, Mont Hoyo, grotte Yolohafiri, 1030 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 9. vii. 1954, Secteur Nord, Mulingo, 1350 m, Secteur Kikura, Région Baniangala, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♀, 19. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Busiangwa, aff. Musabaki, 2.380 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. PJHS; 1 ♀, 24. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Hintumo (lieu-dit), 2.450 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 18. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Kirungu (lieu-dit), 2720 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. MRAC; 1 ♂, 15. – 27. iv. 1955, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Kalivina, affl. Talia Nord, 2350 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & R. Fonteyn, coll. MRAC; 3 ♀, 29. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Kalivina, affl. Talia Nord, 2350 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. PJHS; 1 ♀, 28. iii. 1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Talia Nord, 2340 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave, coll. PJHS; 1 ♂, 19. iv. 1955, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Talya Nord., affl. Semliki, 2340 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & R. Fonteyn, coll. PJHS; 1 ♂, 27. iii. 1953, Secteur Tshiaerimum Riv. Kalivina, aff. dr. Talia N, 2720 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck & V. Hendrickx, coll. MRAC; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 25. v. – 4. vi. 2010, Oriental Province, Lieki village area [041.117 ′ N 2414.362 ′ E], neotype of Thecophora pilosa, leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; ETHIOPIA: 1 ♀, 1912, Harar, leg. G. Kristensen, coll. ZMHB; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4. xii. 2014, Bonga, 1628 m [0711.87 ′ N 03615.13 ′ E], leg. H. - J. Flügel, coll. PHJF; KENYA: 1 ♂, 20. xi. 1989, 10 km ne Kericho, leg. A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora ruwenzoria by Camras 2000; 1 ♂, 17. xi. 1986, 25 km ne Kericho, leg. I. Susman, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora pilosa by Camras 2000; 1 ♂, 31. viii. 1983, 40 km nw Nairob, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora nigrivena by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 9. v. 1991, 8 km ne Kericho, leg. A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora pilosa by Camras 2000; 1 ♂, 19. ix. 1992, Cheymen, Rt. B 1, 10 km e Kericho, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora pilosa by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 7. ii. 2011, Kakamega Forest, 1600 m [014 ′ N 3453 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1 ♀, 15. – 16. xii. 1972, Lake Nakuru, 5767 feet, leg. A. E. Stubbs, coll. PJHS; 1 ♂, 1. – 6. xi. 1983, Mt. Elgon Lodge, leg. I. Yarom, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora ruwenzoria by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 15. v. 1991, Ngong Hills, 2000 – 2300 m, leg. A. Freidberg & F. Kaplan, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora pilosa by Camras 2000; 1 ♀, 7. xi. 2007, Ngong Hills, 2150 m [122.6 S 3638.9 ′ E], leg. L. Friedman, coll. TAUI; 1 ♂, 7. xi. 2007, Ngong Hills, 2154 m [122.6 ′ S 3638.5 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1 ♀, 29. i. – 12. ii. 2006, Rift Valley Province, Saiwa Swamp Nat. Pk., nr Campsite, 1882 m, upland swamp, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; MALAWI: 2 ♂, 22. – 23. x. 1983, Zomba Plateau, Chiradzulu Forest, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI, identified as Thecophora flavicornis and Thecophora nigrivena by Camras 2000; NAMIBIA: 1 ♀, 26. – 30. i. 1972, Swakopmond, leg., coll. BMNH; SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀, 16. iii. 1959, Kariega, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. BMNH; 1 ♀, 12. x. 1994, Cape Province, 10 km s Bredasdorp [3437 ′ S 2003 ′ E], leg. R. Danielsson, coll. MZLU; 1 ♀, 2. – 13. iii. 2008, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Three Chimneys Farm [3318.542 ′ S 2629.846 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. AMGS; 1 ♂, 14. x. 1994, Cape Province, Wilderness N. Park, 17 km se George [3359 ′ S 2239 ′ E], leg. R. Danielsson, coll. MZLU; 1 ♀, 18. xi. 1999, Eastern Cape Province, 43 km ne of Willowmore, 650 m [3308 ′ S 2350 ′ E], leg. M. Hauser, coll. PMHA; 1 ♀, 5. iv. 1951, Natal Province, Royal Natal National Park, hostel, leg. Brink & Rudebeck, coll. MZLU; ZAMBIA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3. i. 2003, 20 km e Solwezi, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7C457D3788A6D9FB3A402E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Thecophora pilosa was the first species of the genus described from the Afrotropical Region from one male in the collection Bequaert. The despository of the type is unknown and it has probably been destroyed with the Kröber collection. Even with the additional remarks concerning the identification of Thecophora pilosa published by Kröber (1939) the definition of this species remains doubtful. The only way to clarify the identity of Thecophora pilosa is therefore to designate a neotype, which I do herewith for the female specimen with these labels: (1) Sweeping / bush paths & / village environs; (2) D. R. Congo: Oriental Prov. / Lieki village aerea at: / 0041.117 ′ N, 2414.362 ′ E / 25. v – 4. vi. 2010 / A. H. Kirk-Spriggs; (3) Boyekoli Ebale / Congo Expedition / 2010; (4) Neotype / Thecophora / pilosa (Kröber, 1916) ♀ / des. Stuke 2014. The specimen is deposited in the MRAC. This specimen fits with the original description of Kröber (1916 b) and the additional comments in Kröber (1936) as well as with the diagnosis given in the key above. The locus typicus for Thecophora pilosa is stated in the original description as Stanleyville, Belg. Congo (= Kinsangani). Therefore the capture location of the neotype is only about 200 km away. Thecophora pilosa is a very variable species in relation to some of the characters used to distinguish Thecophora species by earlier authors: the femora may be completely black (especially in smaller specimens) to almost completely yellow; the hairs on the scutum can be quite long in some specimens; the dusting on the scutum and abdomen is very variable and depends on the preparation of the specimen, the light used to examine the specimen, the viewing angle and / or on the age of the specimen; the base of the wing might appear quite dark as is more typical of Thecophora nigrivena; and the overall length may vary between 3.2 mm and 6.1 mm. As in other Conopidae, it might turn out that the observed variability indicates the presence of several species, but at present it is not possible to segregate these. Brunetti´s (1925) original description of Thecophora africana fits completely within the concept of Thecophora pilosa and is different to all other Thecophora species known from the Afrotropical Region to date. A specimen identified by Smith and therefore compared with the material of Thecophora africana in the British Museum also falls within the variation of Thecophora pilosa. Brunetti (1925) did not refer to any other Afrotropical Thecophora in his description. Kröber, who examined the type material of Thecophora africana, included it in his key to the genus (Kröber 1939) giving as the only character to distinguish Thecophora africana from Thecophora pilosa and Thecophora flavicornis: Hinterleib seitlich kastanienbraun. (Wenn nicht ein Zeichen der Unreife!) (Abdomen laterally chestnut-brown (if not an indication of an immature!).) — a character that is not reliable in distinguishing Thecophora species. Therefore Thecophora africana (Brunetti, 1925) is here treated as a junior synonym of Thecophora pilosa (syn. nov.). Kröber (1936) described Thecophora flavicornis from type material which is in the MRAC, where I was able to examine it recently. Kröber (1939) set out characters to distinguish Thecophora flavicornis from Thecophora pilosa, indicating that Thecophora pilosa has a completely black theca, a yellowish brown to black antenna which is shorter than in flavicornis, a black fore coxa, and a longer overall body pile which is obvious on the abdomen and thorax. Based on the material I have to hand, all of these characters are variable and are not sufficient to distinguish the two species. Thecophora flavicornis (Kröber, 1936) fits completely within the concept of Thecophora pilosa and is therefore treated here as a junior synonym (syn. nov.). The original description of Thecophora ruwenzoria (Camras, 1962 a) fits in all characters to Thecophora pilosa. The only character which Camras (1962 a) mentioned to distinguish Thecophora ruwenzoria from other Thecophora species is the dusting pattern on the scutum, which is variable. The locus typicus of Thecophora ruwenzoria lies within the range of Thecophora pilosa as described above, and therefore Thecophora ruwenzoria (Camras, 1962 a) is herewith also treated as a junior synonym of Thecophora pilosa (syn. nov.).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B70457F3788A4BDFBAF4249.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀: (1) Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov, 17 km / W Ramofana, Vohipara, / Ranomafana Natl Park, malaise in / rainforest, 6 / 15. V. 2002, 1110 m, R. Harin’Hala, ME Irwin, / 2113.57 ′ S 4722.19 E. MG 9 A 28; (2) Holotypus / Thecophora / submetallica ♀ / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2013. Holotype is deposited in the CAS. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. Both wings are slightly damaged, but otherwise the holotype is in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B70457F3788A4BDFBAF4249.taxon	description	Description of holotype (female). Body length 5.6 mm. Wing-length 4.2 mm. Head-height 1.1 mm. Head. Antenna brown, basal flagellomere black distally and dorsally. Arista with 1 dark brown aristomere situated dorsally on basal flagellomere. Aristomere about as long as basal flagellomere, broad basally, becoming abruptly narrower in the apical 2 / 3. Scape slightly longer than broad, apically with a few bristles that are almost as long as the scape. Pedicel about as long as maximum width, completely covered with short black setae. Basal flagellomere slightly longer than high, and about as long as pedicel. Ocellar tubercle with three distinct light yellow ocelli. Ocellar triangle evident, slightly less than 1 / 2 of frons length. Frons yellowish brown. Obvious silver dusting laterally at eye margin and an indistinct more-or-less v-shaped golden patch in front of ocellar triangle. Black hairs all over frons which might represent frontal and orbital setae. Face yellow to light brown and slightly silver dusted, facial grooves shining. Gena and facial ridge with scattered black hairs. Postcranium black dorsally, becoming yellowish brown ventrally. Adjacent to ventral posterior margin of eye there is a strip of dense silver dusting; postgena slightly silver dusted, remaining postcranium hardly dusted to shining. Postcranium with black hairs. No hairs on a small area adjacent to eye margin, the bottom portion of the postcranium and the median occipital sclerite. Proboscis brown to black. No spot between frontoclypeal membrane and mouth edge. Frontoclypeal membrane narrow, widened basally, light yellow and distinctly separated from the brown clypeus. Palp long (longer than scape) brown, hardly thickened distally, and covered with long black hairs. Labium obviously shorter than head-length, projecting out of mouth opening, hardly thickened basally, and with anterior section not fused into a tube. Labellum as long as labium, divided only at apex, slightly narrower than adjacent haustellum and with evenly scattered hairs apically. Head with distinct ocellar setae, postocellar setae, 1 distinct medial and at least 3 lateral postocular setae. Thorax. Thorax yellowish brown to dark brown. Scutum black with an obvious metallic blue reflection. Thorax lightly grey dusted all over except on katepisternum and dorsally on anepisternum where there are distinct patches of dense grey dusting. Basisternum narrow, narrowed to a point, and with 4 black hairs apically. Proepisternum with 1 black hair ventrally and a few hairs dorsally. Scutellum with a very few long black hairs and 1 pair of short scutellar bristles. Scutum with long black hairs, about as long as tibia diameter. 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 supraalar, 3 postalar and no prescutellar dorsocentral bristles. The bristles are obviously stronger than the body pile, but may be broken off. 2 black bristles posterodorsally and a few bristles ventrally on katepisternum. Metakatepisternum without bristles. Anepisternum and anepimeron hairless and without bristles. Wing tinged inconspiciously brownish. Veins yellowish white basally and black apically. Basalmedial-cubital-crossvein bm-cu complete. Vein A 1 + CuA 2 reaching hind margin of wing. Upper and lower calypters white, upper calypter with long white hairs on margin. Alula broad (about 2 times wider than long), with long hairs on posterior margin. Haltere yellowish white with a slightly darker yellowish brown base. Knob of haltere with short, indistinct, light yellow hairs. Legs uniformly light brown, slightly dusted to shining. Posterior surfaces of fore and middle tibiae without obvious dusted fields distally. Legs all with long, semiadpressed or erect black hairs. Hind femur anterodorsally and posterordorsally with single outstanding long hairs. 1 preapical bristle dorsally on tibiae. Fore and middle tibiae basally on ventral surface with one distinct line of small, thick, adpressed black bristles. All femora distally on ventral surface with two parallel lines of small, thick black bristles. Fore coxa without outstanding black bristle which is stronger than the surrounding scattered black hairs. Middle and hind coxae with some distinct strong lateral bristles which are about as long as diameter of basal hind tibia. Hind femur not obviously thickened in basal half. Pulvilli yellowish white. Claws brown with black tips. Empodium yellowish brown. Abdomen. Abdomen light brown, with black hairs only. Tergites 1 – 5 slightly dusted. Tergites 2 – 3 with grey dusted spots laterally on hind margins. Maximum width of abdomen is at segments 2 – 3. Length: maximum width of tergite 2 = 1.7; length: maximum width of tergite 3 = 1.1. Sternites 1 – 2 fused but still distinct. Sternite 4 slightly protuding ventrally. Shape of theca as shown in Fig. 50. Anterior surface of theca with a few inconspicious black hairs only. Apical 1 / 3 of posterior surface of theca with 4 horizontal lines of close-set, short, blunt spicules. Sternite 6 almost completely covered with short, blunt spicules which are almost completely arranged in 5 horizontal lines. Sternite 7 about as long as broad, anteriorly rounded. Area between sides of syntergite 8 + 9 lightly sclerotised and without a distinct sternite 8. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina with an annular sclerotisation but not covered with bristles. No obvious sclerotisation at the base of either the accessory glands or spermathecal ducts. No dorsal sclerotisation evident on the sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina. 2 pairs of round spermathecae, with spermathecal ducts fused shortly after leaving spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts sclerotised at spermathecae. Male unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B70457F3788A4BDFBAF4249.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is composed from the Latin sub (below, near) and the species name metallica to indicate its similarity to the more metallic shining Thecophora species.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B70457F3788A4BDFBAF4249.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Thecophora submetallica can only be confused with Thecophora metallica due to its blue metallic scutum and small, elongate theca (Fig. 50). It is differentiated from the latter by its non-shining pleurae and longer theca (Fig. 50).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B70457F3788A4BDFBAF4249.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Thecophora submetallica is only known from Madagascar to date.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7545783788A0ADFE4B4501.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 31. x. – 4. xi. 2007, Andasibe, 950 m, Analamazaotral Forest [1846 ′ S 4824 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7545783788A15BFEE447DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 26. – 31. iii. 2002, Fianarantsoa Province, 1.2 km km s Ranomafana National Park entrance, 1095 m [2115.99 ′ S 4725.21 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS; 1 ♂, 19. – 26. ii. 2002, ditto; 1 ♂, 29. vi. – 6. vii. 2003, Fianarantsoa Province, 12 km w Ranomafana National Park entrance, 1215 m, montane tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B7545783788A15BFEE447DC.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Having now seen more specimens of Stylogaster amplicercus it seems apparent that the characteristic lateral lappets of the cercus referred to in the species description may in fact be unique to the holotype and possibly just an artefact of preservation. As a result it is probable that Stylogaster amplicercus is conspecific with the illustration of the male postabdomen of Stylogaster nilssoni Smith, 1984. The situation is complicated, however, by the fact that Smith (1984) chose a female holotype and it is not absolutely certain that the male paratype is necessarily conspecific, although given that the male paratype of Stylogaster nilssoni was collected together with the female holotype, and was caught at the same flower species, it is quite probable that the two specimens are conspecific, and that Stylogaster amplicercus Stuke, 2012 is therefore a junior synonym of Stylogaster nilssoni Smith, 1984. The description of Stylogaster nilssoni does not refer to certain important characters, however, and it is therefore necessary to inspect the paratype male before a formal synonymy can be established.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B75457A3788A42CFC0645B5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Angola (A 30) / 7 mls. W. Gabela / 16 – 18. iii. 1972; (2) Southern / African Exp / B. M. 1972 – 1; (3) Holotypus / Stylogaster angolensis / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the BMNH. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The right hind tarsi and the last segments of the left hind tarsi are missing, but the holotype is otherwise in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B75457A3788A42CFC0645B5.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 4.4 mm. Wing-length 3.9 mm. Head-height 1.0 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, without scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli brown. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 51). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons blackish brown lateral to ocellar triangle, with 2 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Scape yellowish brown, pedicel and basal flagellomere pale brown to brown. Arista three-segmented, dark brown. Arista situated anterodorsally on basal flagellomere (Fig. 52). Scape without setulae dorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and anteriorly. Basal flagellomere with a longitudinal fold dorsally. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 52. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black dorsally, with only a very small yellow area ventrally, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with line of regularly-arranged small white setulae ventrally. Some long white setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 2.0 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum (with exception of postpronotum), scutellum and mediotergite dark brown. All setae black. Two small notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but base of bc, base of c, base of br, bm, base of dm and cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 53. Haltere orange-brown, distal part sharply defined dark brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Legs with black and brown setae, only fore tibia additionally with some white setulae. Fore and middle coxae only with 1 brown seta. Hind trochanter with a small triangular tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur without erect black setulae. All tibiae without conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Claws only narrowly yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow or yellowish brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Pale brown, with tergite 1 brown, tergites 2 – 4 with brown posterior margin and broad brown median fascia, tergites 5 – 6 and epandrium largely dark brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 54 – 55. Cercus short, slightly widened laterally, rounded distally. No teeth and only a few inconspicuous bristles at basal junction of cerci. Surstylus small, with a finger-like process anterodorsally, but lacking any black teeth. A small field of erect setulae on inner surface. Two small membranous appendages at the anteroventral corner of surstylus, one additional membranous appendage reaching from the anterior to the ventral margin. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 55: Base of phallus sheath protuding and covered with dense black spines. Female unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B75457A3788A42CFC0645B5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the state of Angola, from which the type material originates. Discussion. Stylogaster angolensis belongs to the Stylogaster nitens group that occurs in central and East Africa (including Madagascar). This species group is defined by the following characters: No outstanding ventral hairs on mid femur; scutum mainly black (exception latifrons); tergites partly brown and tergite 6 almost completely brown; basal flagellum apically rounded, with dorsal arista; shining ocellar triangle occupies almost entire frons and reaches as far as antennae; radial cell R 4 + 5 not deeply curved; phallus sheath of hypandrium with several obvious black bristles on the protuding base (exception kenyensis, rwenzoriensis); surstylus broad, with a small field of erect setulae on inner surface (exception kenyensis, rwenzoriensis), a finger-like process may be present anterodorsally and more-or-less distinct black teeth may also occur. The species in the Stylogaster nitens group can be identified with the key given below. Using Stuke (2012) Stylogaster angolensis will key out as Stylogaster nitens.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B75457A3788A42CFC0645B5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster angolensis is only known from Angola to date.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B76457B3788A5ECFC3E42BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 12. v. 1958, Diana Region, Montagne d ′ Ambre, leg. F. Keiser, coll. NHMB; 1 ♂, 25. viii. – 9. ix. 2005, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B76457B3788A6CDFF0F4361.taxon	materials_examined	Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂, 3. – 11. x. 1977, Natal Mkuze Reserve (2732 Cb), 300 m, leg. J. G. H. Londt, coll. NMSA.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4945443788A511FCC841BC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. KENYA: 1 ♂, 27. viii. – 10. ix. 2006, Western Province, Kakamega Forest near Rondo Guest House, 1630 m [0.22767 ° N 34.88533 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4945473788A5CFFB8740F2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Ethiopia: Shewa / Wendo Genet / 1900 m, 28. i. 2000 / A. Freidberg / & I. Yarom / Malaise trap; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster cryptica / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the TAUI. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The holotype is otherwise in perfect condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4945473788A5CFFB8740F2.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 4.6 mm. Wing-length 4.4 mm. Head-height 1.1 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, with a few small scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli brown. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 64). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons blackish brown lateral to ocellar triangle, with 2 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Scape yellowish brown, pedicel and basal flagellomere pale brown to blackish brown. Arista three-segmented, dark brown. Arista situated dorsally on basal flagellomere (Fig. 65). Scape with a few brown setulae dorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and anteriorly. Basal flagellomere dorsally without a more shining surface than ventrally. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 65. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black dorsally and yellow ventrally, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with line of regularly-arranged small white setulae. Some long black setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 2.2 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum (with exception of postpronotum), scutellum and mediotergite dark brown. All setae black. Two small notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of c, base of br, bm, base of dm and cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 66. Haltere orange-brown, distal part sharply defined dark brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Legs with black and brown setae, only fore tibia additionally with some white setulae. Each coxa with only 1 brown to black seta. Hind trochanter with a small triangular tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur without erect black setulae. All tibiae without conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Claws only narrowly yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow or yellowish brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Pale brown, with tergite 1 brown, tergites 2 – 4 with brown posterior margin and broad brown median fascia, tergites 5 – 6 and epandrium largely dark brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 67 – 71. Cercus short, slightly widened laterally, rounded distally. No teeth and only a few inconspicuous bristles at basal junction of cerci. Surstylus broad, with a finger-like process anterodorsally. Distal margin of surstylus with a black tooth situated on a large triangular extension (Figs 68, 69). A small field of erect setulae on inner surface. One short membranous appendage on the inner surface of the surstylus directed from anterior margin backwards to the posterior margin (Fig. 69). Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 67: Base of phallus sheath obviously protuding and covered with dense black spines.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4945473788A5CFFB8740F2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin cryptica (concealed, feminine) reflecting the difficulty in recognising this species within a group of very similiar species.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4945473788A5CFFB8740F2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Stylogaster cryptica belongs to the Stylogaster nitens group as defined in the discussion of Stylogaster angolensis, and can be identified with the key given above. Using Stuke (2012) this species will key out as Stylogaster kakamegensis.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4945473788A5CFFB8740F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster cryptica is only known from the locus typicus in Ethiopia.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4A45423788A509FB0346B2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov, 17 km / W Ranomafana, / Ranomafana Natl Park, malaise in / rasinforest, 16. X / 8. XI. 2001, / 1110 m, R. Harin ′ Hala, ME Irwin, / 2113.57 ′ S. 4722.19 ′ E. MG 9 A 01; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster fianarantsoensis / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the CAS. Abdomen and one wing dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The left middle tarsus is broken, the right wing incomplete, but the holotype is otherwise in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4A45423788A509FB0346B2.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Bod ylength about 5.5 mm. Wing-length 4.2 mm. Head-height 1.1 mm. Head. Eye brown, without ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli light brown. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 73). Ocellar triangle dark brown basally and brown apically. Frons black lateral to ocellar triangle with 1 – 2 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Scape and pedicel yellowish brown, basal flagellomere brown. Arista situated anterodorsally on basal flagellomere, with only two segments evident, brown. Scape with a few brown setulae anterodorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and apically. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 72. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black dorsally and yellow ventrally, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with a line of regularly-arranged white setulae dorsally, and some long white hairs ventrally at the mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for the white distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 2.0 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown, with scutum light brown. Almost all setae black. 2 long notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 postalar setae (broken off in holotype), 1 dorsocentral seta (ditto), 1 apical scutellar seta (ditto), 1 strong seta on anepimeron and 1 white seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of br, bm, base of dm and cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 75. Haltere yellowish white, distal part light brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Legs with black and brown setae, except fore tibia almost completely with white setulae and hind tibia with a few white setulae in the distal half on dorsal surface. Coxae lack outstanding lateral seta. Hind trochanter without an obvious triangular tooth, but with a tuft of longer black hairs distally at inner side. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur with long black hairs that are longer than the diameter of the middle tibia. Base of hind femur with several long black hairs that are longer than the diameter of the base of the tibia. All tibiae without conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with 1 – 3 short black spines on anterior surface. Claws yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow to yellowish brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Orange-brown, with tergite 1 brown, tergites 2 – 5 with a broad brown hind margin and a brown middle stripe, tergite 6 and epandrium brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long golden yellow setulae laterally, tergite 2 with long black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 76 – 81. Cercus short, not widened laterally, pointed ventrally. Cerci with dense black setulae at the basal junction, and with a pair of long brown projections. Surstylus as shown in Figs 76 – 77. Surstylus lacking black teeth, but with a small field of 6 – 7 small black bristles on the inner surface Anteriorly directed phallus sheath not protuding (Fig. 78) and not covered with spines. Female unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4A45423788A509FB0346B2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Province of Fianarantsoa from which the holotype originates.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4A45423788A509FB0346B2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. In the key of Stuke (2012) this species runs to couplet 31 but does not fit the postabdomen characters of either Stylogaster ranomafanensis Stuke, 2012 or Stylogaster clementsi Stuke, 2012. Stylogaster fianarantsoensis is easily distinguished from these and all other Stylogaster species by the combination of these characters of the postabdomen: (a) cercus triangular with the ventral tip pointed (Fig. 80); (b) several black bristles and two long brown projections at the basal junction of the cerci (Fig. 81); (c) no black bristles on the phallus sheath (Fig. 78); (d) no black teeth on the surstylus (Figs 76 – 77); (e) surstylus with a small field of 6 – 7 small black bristles on the inner surface (Fig. 77); (f) shape of surstylus as Figs 76 – 77, having an obvious and characteristic long ventral process.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4A45423788A509FB0346B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster fianarantsoensis is only known from the locus typicus in Madagascar.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45423788A2C9FE2F4765.taxon	materials_examined	Material. UGANDA: 2 ♂, 6. i. 1996, Province Adamaoua, Rwenzori Mts., 5 km w Kilembe, 2500 m, leg. I. Yarom & A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45423788A3E7FC76404C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 23. iii. – 3. iv. 2005, Province Antananarivo, 46 km ne Ankazobe Ambohitanty, 700 m [1811.88 ′ S 716.89 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45423788A49CFDB04136.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 20. – 25. v. 2004, Tuléar (Toliara), Manombo, 165 m [2248 ′ 44 ′′ S 4344 ′ 22 ′′ E], leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45433788A540FB794211.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) 0030 ′ 44 ′′ N / 1246 ′ 12 ′′ E / GABON: Ogoou-Ivindo / Ivindo NP, Makokou (518 m) / 11. – 19. IX. 2012, An Pfad im / nahe Station / (Malaisetrap 3), leg. R. Peters; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster ivindoensis / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the ZFMK. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The left fore leg, the right fore tarsus and the right middle tibia are missing. The holotype is otherwise in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45433788A540FB794211.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 8.9 mm. Wing-length 6.8 mm. Head-height 2.1 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, without ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli orange-brown. Ocellar tubercle black, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 83). Ocellar triangle dark brown brown, lighter medially. Frons orange-brown to black lateral to ocellar triangle, and with 1 – 2 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Antenna yellowish brown, only basal flagellomere dark dorsally. Arista situated anterodorsally on basal flagellomere, three segmented, black (Fig. 84). Scape with a few black setulae anterodorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and ventrally. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 84. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black dorsally and yellow ventrally, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with a line of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and several long white hairs ventrally up to the mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 6.1 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum not darker. Almost all setae black. Three long notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 small seta on anepimeron and 1 golden seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of br, bm, base of dm and cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 86. Haltere orange-brown, distal part light brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Legs with black and brown setae, except fore tibia entirely with white setulae and hind tibia with white setulae in the distal half on the posterior surface. All coxae with one large black seta laterally. Hind trochanter without an obvious triangular tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur without erect black setulae. All tibiae lacking conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Claws yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow to yellowish brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Orange-brown, with tergites 3 – 6 with an inconspicious brown posterior margin, epandrium light brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 87 – 91. Cercus elongated, not widened laterally. No teeth or obvious bristles at basal junction of cerci. Surstylus as shown in Figs 87 – 88, lacking black teeth or fields of setulae. Base of surstylus with characteristic semicircular protuberance. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 90; anteriorly directed phallus sheath not protuding and not covered with spines. Anteroventrally there are a few small erect hairs. Female unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45433788A540FB794211.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Ivindo National Park, from which the holotype originates.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45433788A540FB794211.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Stylogaster ivindoensis belongs to a group of species which have a deeply curved radial cell r 4 + 5 (Fig. 86); a parallel sided ocellar triangle that reaches the base of the antennae (Fig. 83); the basal flagellomere not obviously large, and with a dorsally situated arista (Fig. 84); the scutum unicolourous with remaining thorax, without darker colouration (Fig. 82); hind tibia white apically and with white setulae posteriorly; and legs without any obvious hairs or bristles. The following genital characters rule out almost all other species with the exception of Stylogaster westwoodi: cercus elongated (Fig. 89); surstylus lacking any obvious black bristles, and with a characteristic semicircular protuberance (Figs 87 – 88); phallus sheath of hypandrium without any bristles, anteroventrally with a few erect hairs (Fig. 90). Stylogaster westwoodi and Stylogaster ivindoensis can be separated using the characters given in the key below. In Stuke (2012) Stylogaster ivindoensis keys out to couplet 7, from which further progress is uncertain due to its having only small brown markings on the tergites, and either option results in further problems because the colouration of the frons does not fit with any of the included species. Using Smith (1967) this species will be identified as Stylogaster westwoodi. It is possible that Stylogaster ivindoensis is a synonym of one or other of the nomina dubia Stylogaster cohici Seguy, 1946 (described from „ Côte d’Ivoire: réserve du Banco) or Stylogaster bigoti Smith, 1967 (described from „ S. Nigeria: Oshogbo). Both of these species were described from the female only and associated males cannot yet be assigned in the absence of specimens which have been unambiguously collected together.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4F45433788A540FB794211.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster ivindoensis is only known from the locus typicus in Gabon.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B43454E3788A0ADFCE54500.taxon	materials_examined	Material. KENYA: 1 ♂, 19. vii. – 1. viii. 2007, Eastern Province, Njuki-ini Forest near Forest station, 1455 m [0.51660 ° N 37.41843 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B43454E3788A15BFAA54644.taxon	materials_examined	Material. CAMEROON: 3 ♂, 17. – 19. viii. 2013, Northwest Reg., Mezam, Bafut village, 1060 m [0605.026 ′ N 1007.442 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, 8. iv. 2010, 70 km nne Bangui, 430 m [0457 ′ N 1846 ′ E], leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; 1 ♂, 24. iv. 2010, 75 km n Sibut, 500 m [0622 ′ N 1859 ′ E], leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 ♂, 20. – 22. v. 2010, Oriental Province, Likombo Forest 2 km sw Bomane [1.28349 ° N 23.72358 ° E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. AMGS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4345493788A284FB5D45EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Madagascar, Fianarantsoa / Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S / Ambositra, 825 m, malaise trap / 2047.56 ′ S 4710.54 ′ E / 26. XII. 2004 – 5. I. 05 Irwin leg. / MA – 29 – 05 CASLOT 021144; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster malaisei / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the CAS. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The thorax is broken by the pin and a small part of the right wing is missing. The holotype is otherwise in good condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4345493788A284FB5D45EF.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 5.5 mm. Wing-length 4.5 mm. Head-height 1.3 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, without ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli whitish yellow. Ocellar tubercle black, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 93). Ocellar triangle brown, black at the upper lateral margin. Frons black lateral to ocellar triangle, with 2 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Scape whitish yellow, pedicel and basal flagellomere brown. Antenna yellowish brown, basal flagellomere dark dorsally. Arista situated anterodorsally on basal flagellomere, three-segmented, black to dark brown (Fig. 92). Scape with a few black setulae anterodorsally. Pedicel with black setulae anterodorsally and anteroventrally. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 92. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with a line of regularly-arranged small white setulae dorsally, and several long white hairs ventrally at the mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and whitish yellow base of proboscis. Labrum ca 2.4 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum, scutellum and mediotergite dark brown. Almost all setae black. 2 long notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 strong seta on anepimeron and 1 golden seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Inconspicious black to brown semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but base of bc, base of br, bm, base of dm and cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 96. Haltere yellowish brown, distal part light brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Hind femur medially with a yellowish brown ring. Legs with black and brown setae, except fore tibia mainly with white setulae, fore femur anteriorly and ventrally with white setulae, and middle tibia ventrally with white setulae. All coxae with 1 – 3 large black setae. Hind trochanter without an obvious triangular tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices, and ventral side of mid femur with long black setulae that are longer than the diameter of the hind tibia. Hind femur posteroventrally with long hairs along whole length, longer than the diameter of the basal hind tibia. All tibiae lacking conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Claws brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Orange-brown, with tergite 1 brown, tergites 2 – 4 with a broad brown midstripe that widens at the posterior margin, tergite 5 with a broad midstripe that does not widen, and tergite 6 brown. Tergites with semiadpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long yellowish white setulae laterally, tergite 2 with black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 97 – 102. Cercus short, not widened laterally. Black spines present at base of cercus and on basal junction of cerci. Surstylus as shown in Figs 99 – 100, with two black teeth distally. No field of setulae on inner surface, but a few scattered black setulae. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 101, not protruding and without any spines or obvious hairs except anteroventrally with a few small erect hairs. Female unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4345493788A284FB5D45EF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is dedicated to Ren Edmond Malaise (1892 – 1978), who invented the Malaise trap. Almost all of the 25 endemic Stylogaster species from Madagascar have been caught using Malaise traps.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4345493788A284FB5D45EF.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Stylogaster malaisei is an inconspicious species with characters which overlap with those of several other species, and none which are unique. In the key of Stuke (2012) this species will be identified as Stylogaster acanthocercus on the basis of: basal flagellomere moderately elongated, with dorsal arista (Fig. 92), ocellar triangle parallel sided and reaching to base of antennae (Fig. 93); hind tibia with only black hairs; mid femur with long erect ventral hairs (Fig. 94); hind femur with long setulae for almost the whole length (Fig. 95); and frons black lateral to ocellar triangle (Fig. 93). Stylogaster acanthocercus is easily distinguished from Stylogaster malaisei, however, by the shorter basal flagellomere (Stuke 2012: 276, Fig. 15), the obvious black tooth on the cercus and the lack of black teeth on the surstylus (Stuke 2012: 277, Figs 18 – 21). Stylogaster malaisei falls with a group which has a black scutum; a hypandrial sheath without obvious black bristles and only minute hairs (Fig. 101); long black bristles at the dorsal base of the cercus (Fig. 98) and at the basal junction of the cerci; and two black teeth apically on the surstylus (Figs 99 – 100). Only Stylogaster fanjae Stuke, 2012, Stylogaster pseudofanjae Stuke, 2012 and Stylogaster schachti Stuke, 2012 share this combination of characters, all four of which have a remarkably similiar postabdomen. From these species Stylogaster malaisei can be distinguished by the distribution of hairs on the legs, as described above, and the lack of a membrane attached to the ventral black teeth of the surstylus. The surstylus of Stylogaster fanjae is additionally distinguished by a triangular extension between the two black teeth (Stuke 2012: 291, Fig. 68). It is remarkable that all these four species share the character of a large basal flagellomere which is about twice as long as the pedicel and a black frons with a brown ocellar triangle. The similarity of these four species was previously overlooked because the species have different patterns of hairs on the legs, and using these characters they key out at very different positions in the key of Stuke (2012).	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4345493788A284FB5D45EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster malaisei is only known from the locus typicus in Madagascar.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B44454A3788A27DFE18457F.taxon	materials_examined	Material. BURUNDI: 1 ♂, 21. – 26. xi. 2010, Kayanza Province, Parc National de la KibiraRwagura Sector, 2237 m [0255.329 ′ S 2930.067 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; MALAWI: 1 ♂, 20. – 30. ix. 1998, North Viphya Mts., Rt. M 1, 20 km s Mzimba, leg. F. Kaplan & A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂, ii. 1957, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Ngoye forest between Eshowe & Empangeni, leg. B. Stuckenberg, coll. NMSA.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B44454A3788A27DFE18457F.taxon	discussion	Discussion. When preparing the key to the nitens group it became apparent that I had previously confused some undescribed species with Stylogaster nitens. A new diagnosis of this species is therefore given in the key above. The records of Stuke (2012) from Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo in fact belong to Stylogaster angolensis spec. nov. and Stylogaster occulta spec. nov.. The specimen from South Africa listed above was previously reported by Stuke (2012) and has a very light brown scutum, but the genital structure fits very well with the other two specimens.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B47454A3788A2E3FD034740.taxon	materials_examined	Material. BURUNDI: 4 ♂, 11. iii. 1953, Bururi Province, Bururi, leg. F. François, coll. ISNB; 4 ♂, 15. v. 1949, Bururi Province, Bururi, 2050 m, leg. F. François, coll. ISNB.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4745543788A398FAEE437D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Congo Belge P. N. G. / Miss H. De Saeger / II / gd / 11, 23 – vi – 1951 / Réc. J. Verschuren. 1969; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster occulta / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Paratypes. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 2 ♂, 6. viii. 1948, Muyanoe (Imbo), 1600 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; 3 ♂ with almost the same labels as holotype but third line with: II / le / 8, 9 – ix – 1952 & 4040, II / fd / 18, 26 – vi – 1951 & 1981, or II / ed / 9, 22 – vi – 1951 & 1968. According to de Saeger (1956) these specimens were collected at Tète de souree boisée [4040], Strate herbeuse [1981], and Expansion marécageuse [1951]; BURUNDI: 1 ♂, 10. xi. 1951, Rutana Province, Ghihofi-Moso, 1400 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; 1 ♂, 11. xi. 1951, ditto. Holotype is deposited in the MRAC. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The left hind leg and the right antenna are missing, and the holotype is otherwise in poor condition. The location is situated in the Garamba National Park (P. N. G.), Democratic Republic of Congo, Orientale Province. Additional information about the label was published in de Saeger (1956: 218): The specimen was collected at an Expansion marécageuse (wetland) [1969]. The paratypes are in the collection of MRAC and PJHS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4745543788A398FAEE437D.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 4.6 mm. Wing-length 3.9 mm. Head-height 1.2 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, with a few small scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli orange-brown. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, with 1 pair of inconspicuous ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 107). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons brown lateral to ocellar triangle, with 3 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Scape and pedicel yellowish brown, basal flagellomere brown with orange-brown base. Arista situated anterodorsally on basal flagellomere (Fig. 108 — arista broken in holotype). Scape with a few brown setulae dorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and anteriorly. Basal flagellomere dorsally with a more shining surface than ventrally. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 108. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black dorsally and yellow ventrally, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with a line of regularly-arranged small white setulae. Some long brown setulae on mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 2.1 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum (with exception of postpronotum), scutellum and mediotergite dark brown. All setae black (several are broken in holotype). Two small notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Black semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of c, base of br, bm, base of dm and cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 109. Haltere orange-brown, distal part sharply defined dark brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Legs with black and brown setae, fore tibia additionally with some white setulae. Fore and middle coxae with 1 brown to black seta. Hind coxa with 1 – 3 indistinct setae anteriorly. Hind trochanter with a small triangular tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur lacking black erect setulae. All tibiae lacking conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Claws yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow to yellowish brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Pale brown, with tergite 1 brown, tergites 2 – 4 with brown posterior margin and broad brown median fascia, tergites 5 – 6 and epandrium largely dark brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 110 – 113. Cercus short, slightly widened laterally, rounded distally. No teeth and only a few inconspicuous bristles at basal junction of cerci. Surstylus broad, with a finger-like process anterodorsally. Distal margin of surstylus lacking black tooth, but with a small field of erect setulae on inner surface. Two short membranous appendages on inner surface of surstylus directed from anterior margin backwards to the posterior margin. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 110: Base of phallus sheath slightly protuding and covered with dense black spines. Female unknown. Variation (♂). Wing length 3.6 – 4.4 mm. Frons brown to black lateral to ocellar triangle, with 2 – 3 proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Antenna almost brown or with distinct orange-brown parts. Arista three-segmented. Scutum can be black. One notopleural bristle can be strong. Fore coxa may have two setae.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4745543788A398FAEE437D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin occulta (meaning hidden, feminine) reflecting the misidentification as Stylogaster nitens in an earlier paper.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4745543788A398FAEE437D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Stylogaster occulta belongs to the Stylogaster nitens group as defined in the discussion of Stylogaster angolensis, the species of which can be identified using the key given above. Using Stuke (2012) the species will key out as Stylogaster nitens.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B4745543788A398FAEE437D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster occulta is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5845553788A0ADFAA14501.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 25. vii. – 3. viii. 2002, Fianarantsoa Province, 12 km w Ranomafana National Parc entrance, 1215 m, montane tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5845553788A15BFAEF45EB.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 6. – 17. xii. 2003, Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana NP, radio tower at forest edge, 1130 m, mixed tropical forest [2115.05 ′ S 4724.43 ′ E], leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, coll. CAS.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5845503788A270FE1744E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Congo Belge: P. N. A. / 12 – ii – 1953 / P. Vanschuytbroeck & / J. Kekenbosch 2624; (2) Massif Ruwenzori / Kalonge, 2.080 m / gîte Ruwenzori; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster rwenzoriensis / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the MRAC. Posterior part of abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The left antenna is missing and sadly the right antenna was lost while photographing the specimen. Several tarsi are missing. The holotype is otherwise in an acceptable condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5845503788A270FE1744E2.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 6.6 mm. Wing-length 6.0 mm. Head-height 1.6 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, with a few small scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli orange-brown. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, with 1 pair of ocellar setae. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 115). Ocellar triangle brown. Frons brown lateral to ocellar triangle, without fronto-orbital setae. Scape and base of pedicel yellowish brown, anterior half of pedicel and basal flagellomere brown. Arista three-segmented, brown, situated anterodorsally on basal flagellomere (Fig. 116). Scape with a few short brown setulae dorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and anteriorly. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 116. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium almost completely light yellow, densly silver pruinose. Postcranium with a line of regularly-arranged small white setulae. Some long whitish setulae at mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 3.5 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum only dark brown medially. All setae black. Two long notopleural setae, the slightly longer one situated above the smaller one. 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, no seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Short black semi-adpressed hairs on scutum. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of c, base of br, bm, base of dm, cup, base of r 1, and base of r 2 + 3 all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 117. Haltere orange-brown, distal part sharply defined dark brown. Legs whitish yellow, with hind tibia whitish distally. Legs with black and brown setae. Fore and middle coxae each with 2 black seta. Hind coxa with 1 distinct seta laterally. Hind trochanter without a small triangular tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur without black erect setulae. All tibiae without conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Hind femur with a few longer hairs at base. Claws yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellowish brown to brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Pale brown, with tergite 1 brown, tergites 2 – 4 with brown posterior margin and broad brown median fascia, tergites 5 – 6 and epandrium largely dark brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 118 – 122. Cercus short, not widened laterally, rounded distally. No teeth or obvious bristles at basal junction of cerci. Surstylus broad, with a finger-like process anterodorsally. Distal margin of surstylus lacking any black teeth and with no field of erect setulae on inner surface. Two short membranous appendages on the inner surface of the surstylus. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 121: Base of phallus sheath slightly protruding, and without dense black spines. Female unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5845503788A270FE1744E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Rwenzori Mountains, from which the holotype originates. Discussion. Stylogaster rwenzoriensis belongs to the Stylogaster nitens group as defined in the discussion of Stylogaster angolensis and can be identified with the key given above. Using Stuke (2012) the species will key out at couplet 16 but will not fit either of the alternatives. Due to the orange-brown lateral margins of the scutum and the lack of bristles on the phallus sheath of the hypandrium, Stylogaster rwenzorensis is most similiar to Stylogaster kenyensis. Characters to separate these two species are given in the key above.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5845503788A270FE1744E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster rwenzoriensis is only known from the locus typicus in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The location is situated in the Virunga National Park (National Park Albert, P. N. A.), Democratic Republic of Congo, Orientale Province.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45503788A179FEC74699.taxon	materials_examined	Material. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, 10. v. 1958, Province Antsiranana, Joffreville, leg. F. Keiser, coll. NHMB.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45503788A179FEC74699.taxon	discussion	Discussion. In the key of Stuke (2012) Stylogaster seguyi keys out without any inconsistencies. However there are a few additional characters which might help to identify this poorly known species: anteromedial facets enlarged, 7 facets together have about the length of the face width. Golden ocellar bristles only about as long as the ocellar triangle and therefore hardly visible. Phallus sheath of epandrium with black bristles distally only, the base without any bristles. Cercus with two strong bristles at the distal margin, the ventral of these brown and therefore inconspicious.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45533788A2F9FB5345B7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂: (1) Tanzania: / Mbeya 35 kmS / Rt. A 345, 2200 m / 1. ix. 1996 / A. Freidberg; (2) Holotypus / Stylogaster tanzaniensis / spec. nov. / det. Stuke, 2014. Holotype is deposited in the TAUI. Abdomen dissected, macerated and stored in glycerine in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The holotype is otherwise in perfect condition.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45533788A2F9FB5345B7.taxon	description	Description of holotype (male). Body length about 6.2 mm. Wing-length 5.5 mm. Head-height 1.2 mm. Head. Eye dark brown, with a few small scattered inconspicuous ommatrichia. Facets on inner side of eye slightly enlarged. Ocelli yellow. Ocellar tubercle brown. No ocellar setae on holotype — these may be broken off although no pits are evident. Ocellar triangle occupies almost the entire frons and reaches as far as antennae (Fig. 124). Ocellar triangle brown to yellowish brown. Frons black to light brown lateral to ocellar triangle. No distinct frontoorbital setae. Scape yellowish brown, pedicel and basal flagellomere yellowish brown to brown. Arista threesegmented, dark brown, and situated dorsally on basal flagellomere (Fig. 125). Scape with a few brown setulae dorsally. Pedicel with black setulae dorsally and anteriorly. Basal flagellomere dorsally with a more shining surface than ventrally. Shape of antenna as illustrated in Fig. 125. One distinct black vertical seta. Face pale yellow, silver pruinose. Postcranium black dorsally and yellow ventrally, distinctly silver pruinose. Postcranium with a line of regularly-arranged small white setulae. Some brown setulae at mouth opening. Proboscis mainly brown to black, except for yellowish brown distal division of labellum and yellowish brown base of proboscis. Labrum ca 2.8 mm, labellum approximately the same length. Thorax. Yellowish brown to light brown, with scutum (with exception of postpronotum), scutellum and mediotergite brown. All setae black. Two notopleural setae, 1 strong supra-alar seta, 2 strong postalar setae, no prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 1 apical scutellar seta, 1 seta on anepimeron and 1 seta above fore coxa on propleuron. Mesoscutum without black semi-adpressed hairs but with very small, scattered brown hairs only. Wing generally clothed in microtrichia, but bc, base of c, base of bm, and base of cup all virtually without microtrichia. Hind margin of wing with brown setulae. Venation as in Fig. 126. Haltere orange-brown, distal part sharply defined dark brown. Legs whitish yellow, with brown hind femur. Hind tibia with an indistinct broad white ring subapically. Legs with black and brown setulae, lacking any white setulae. Fore coxa with 1 – 2 setae, mid and hind coxa each with 1 black seta. Hind trochanter lacking any tooth. Mid femur posteriorly in distal half with a row of regularly-arranged black setulae curved at their apices. Ventral side of mid femur without black erect setulae. All tibiae lacking conspicuous setulae. Hind tibia with short black spines on anterior surface. Claws yellowish brown basally, black distally. Pulvilli yellow or yellowish brown. Empodia short, pale brown. Abdomen. Pale brown, with tergite 1 brown medially, tergites 2 – 4 with brown posterior margin and broad brown median fascia, tergites 5 – 6 and epandrium largely dark brown. Tergites with semi-adpressed black setulae, and longer setulae laterally on tergite 5. Tergite 1 with several long black setulae laterally, tergite 2 with 2 – 3 black setae on either side of anterior margin. Terminalia as illustrated in Figs 127 – 132. Cercus short, slightly widened laterally, rounded distally (Fig. 127). No teeth or obvious bristles on cerci. Surstylus broad, with a finger-like process anterodorsally. Distal margin of surstylus with two black teeth. Surstylus with a unique anteroventral elongation which has an additional third strong black tooth. Small field of strong erect setulae on inner surface of surstylus. Two short membranous appendages on inner surface of surstylus directed from anterior margin backwards to the posterior margin, and ventrally to the anteroventral elongation. Surstylus with obvious long hairs. Phallus sheath as illustrated in Fig. 130: Base of phallus sheath hardly protuding and covered with black spines. Female unknown.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45533788A2F9FB5345B7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the state of Tanzania, from which the type material originates.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45533788A2F9FB5345B7.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Due to the large basal flagellomere Stylogaster tanzaniensis could key out using Stuke (2012) as Stylogaster hauseri Stuke, 2012. Stylogaster hauseri is a distinct species with a completely orange-brown scutum and abdomen (Stuke 2012: 294, Figs 77, 79) and a unique field of small black teeth on the surstylus (Stuke 2012: 295, Figs 82 – 83). Stylogaster tanzaniensis is another species of the Stylogaster nitens group as defined above, and can be distinguished with the key given in the discussion of Stylogaster angolensis.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5D45533788A2F9FB5345B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Stylogaster tanzaniensis is only known from the locus typicus in Tanzania.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5E45533788A235FE1B4765.taxon	materials_examined	Material. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, 8. iv. 2010, 70 km nne Bangui, 430 m [0457 ′ N 1846 ′ E], leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; KENYA: 1 ♂, 19. viii. 2013, Nairobi, Karura Forest, 1540 m [114.379 ′ S 3649.17 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1 ♂, 20. vi. – 4. vii. 2006, Coast Province, Shimba Hills National Park, near artificial Ponds, 335 m [4.22752 ° S 39.43197 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♂, 15. – 29. viii. 2006, ditto; 1 ♂, 27. x. – 10. xi. 2008, Eastern Province, Njuki-ini Forest near Forest station, 1455 m [0.51660 ° N 37.41843 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♂, 26. viii. – 9. ix. 2005, Nyanza Province, Gwasi Hill, Ungoye side, ca. 1500 m [0.6167 ° S 34.1017 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; MALAWI: 1 ♂, 26. xii. 2009, Viphaya Mts., Chicangawa, 1707 m [1150.5 ′ S 3348.2 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1 ♂, 25. xii. 2009, Viphya Mts. 12 km sw Chikangawa, 1617 m [1157.7 ′ S 3344.6 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B5E45533788A3E7FBDC4233.taxon	materials_examined	Material. BURUNDI: 4 ♂, 17. – 20. xi. 2010, Bururi Province, Réserve Naturelle Forestiérede Kigwena, 810 m [0405.949 ′ S 2930.455 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; CAMEROON: 1 ♂, 17. – 19. viii. 2013, Northwest Reg., Mezam, Bafut village, 1060 m [0605.026 ′ N 1007.442 ′ E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; KENYA: 1 ♂, 24. vii. 2013, Ungoye, ICIPE Station, forest, 1137 m [036.846 ′ S 3405.508 ′ E], leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1 ♂, 24. ix. – 8. x. 2008, Coast Province, Shimba Hills National Park, Longomwagandi forest, 389 m [4.23456 ° S 39.41687 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 2 ♂, 27. viii. – 10. ix. 2008, ditto; 1 ♂, 20. vi. – 4. vii. 2006, Coast Province, Shimba Hills National Park, near artificial Ponds, 335 m [4.22752 ° S 39.43197 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♂, 4. – 18. iv. 2006, ditto; 1 ♂, 15. – 29. viii. 2006, ditto; 1 ♂, 27. xii. 2005 – 10. i. 2006, ditto; 1 ♂, 4. – 18. iv. 2006, ditto; 1 ♂, 29. iii. – 12. iv. 2006, Eastern Province, Kirimiri Hill Forest, top of hill, 1750 m [025.44 ′ S 3732.77 ′ E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♂, 29. ix. – 13. x. 2008, Eastern Province, Njuki-ini Forest near Forest station, 1455 m [0.51660 ° N 37.41843 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♂, 27. x. – 10. ix. 2008, ditto; 1 ♀, 27. x. – 10. xi. 2008, ditto; 1 ♀, 29. ix. – 13. x. 2008, ditto; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 26. viii. – 9. ix. 2005, Nyanza Province, Gwasi Hill, Ungoye side, ca. 1500 m [0.6167 ° S 34.1017 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; 1 ♀, 18. iii. – 1. iv. 2006, Nyanza Province, Ruma National Park near Kamato Gate [0.64725 ° S 34.33595 ° E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B51455C3788A594FA624277.taxon	materials_examined	Material. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 1 ♀, 4. xii. 2010, 60 km w Banibo, 630 m [350 ′ N 1644 ′ E], leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B51455C3788A594FA624277.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This is a remarkable first record of Zodion cinereum in the Afrotropical Region. Zodion cinereum is widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region and has previously been found with some regularity in North Africa.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
23492B464B51455C3788A6F5FBE44358.taxon	materials_examined	Material. ETHIOPIA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1912, Harare, leg. S. V. Kristensen, coll. ZMHB.	en	Stuke, Jens-Hermann (2015): New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kröber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille. Zootaxa 3963 (2): 101-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1
