identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C336941E9C6255E3A0DA425B65F7A692.text	C336941E9C6255E3A0DA425B65F7A692.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella (Cavaraiellia) aquatica (Gillette & Bragg 1916)	<div><p>Cavariella (Cavaraiellia) aquatica (Gillette &amp; Bragg, 1916)</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 32A-C</p><p>Siphocoryne aquatica Gillette &amp; Bragg, 1916: 447.</p><p>Types examined.</p><p>Holotype and paratypes of Cavariella cessana Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999: one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., China: Xinjiang (Korla City), 19.VI.1989, No. 9391, on Salix, coll. G.X. Zhang and T.S. Zhong (Zhang et al 1999).</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem., Tibet (Xigaze City), 17.VII.2022, No. 51892-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Xu ; one ap. viv. fem.; Tibet (Xigaze City), 26.VII.2014, No. 32740-1-1, on Salix, coll. J. Chen and X.C. Zhu ; one ap. viv. fem., Tibet, 23.VI.2016, No. 37396-1-1, on Salix, coll. F.F. Niu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Tibet (Linzhi City), 23.VI.2014, No. 37394-1-1, on Salix, coll. F.F. Niu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956122), Tibet (Xigaze City), 26.VII.2014, No. 32744-1-1, on Salix, coll. J. Chen and X.C. Zhu ; one ap. viv. fem., Tibet (Xigaze City), 16.VII.2014, No. 32664-1-1, on Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste, coll. J. Chen, X.C. Zhu, X.H. Lou ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956121), Tibet (Xigaze City), 26.VII.2014, No. 32742-1-1, on Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste, coll. J. Chen, X.C. Zhu, X.H. Lou ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Tibet (Linzhi City), 23.VI.2016, No. 37393-1-1, on Poaceae, coll. F.F. Niu ; nine ap. viv. fems., Xinjiang, 11.VII.1977, No. 6892, on Salix, coll. Y.H. Han (Zhang and Zhong 1985) ; two ap. viv. fems., Xinjiang, 11.VII.1977, No. 6644, on Salix, coll. Y.H. Han (Zhang and Zhong 1985) ; two ap. viv. fems., Qinghai, 14.VI.1997, No. 11430, on Salix, coll. X.L. Chen (Zhang et al. 1999) ; eighteen ap. viv. fems., Qinghai, 13.VI.1997, No. 11417, on Salix, coll. X.L. Chen (Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body dorsum is covered with wavy or irregular circular wrinkles; ABD TERG VIII with short conical supra-caudal process, blunt at apex (Fig. 1G, I); siphunculus clavate, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange (Fig. 1H) (Gillette and Bragg 1916; Zhang and Zhong 1985; Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The species migrates between Salix and Poaceae, Cyperaceae, or Juncaceae, and the supra-caudal process has some variations between the host plants. The population feeding on Salix has a broad, short, conical supra-caudal process (Fig. 1I), while those on secondary host plants have a slightly larger supra-caudal process; sometimes the ABD TERG VIII bends backward to a triangular supra-caudal process (Fig. 2B, C), so there can be some misidentifications to this species. Zhang et al. (1999) described Cavariella cessana (Fig. 2D-F) based on apterae and alatae feeding on Salix . After checking many specimens of the two species in China, they were found to be the same species feeding on different host plants. Additionally, the molecular data supported that C. aquatica and C. cessana are the same species (Fig. 38). Therefore, Cavariella cessana Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999 should be considered as a junior synonym of Cavariella aquatica (Gillette &amp; Bragg, 1916).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plant: Salix; secondary host plant: Poaceae, Cyperaceae, or Juncaceae . The species feeds on upper sides of leaves and tender tips of the primary host plant (Fig. 32A, B). As to the secondary host plant, the species feeds on a water-grass Catabrosa aquatica (L.) growing on seeped land and usually was found in the water along the margins of ditches in USA (Gillette and Bragg 1916). In China, the species feeds on the upper surfaces of Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste L. (Fig. 32C).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang), Afghanistan, Canada, Europe, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, USA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C336941E9C6255E3A0DA425B65F7A692	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
E704CE2646815EAEB49C5B0BA10135F1.text	E704CE2646815EAEB49C5B0BA10135F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella (Cavaraiellia) Heinze 1960	<div><p>Subgenus Cavariella Cavaraiellia Heinze, 1960</p><p>Cavariella Cavaraiellia Cavariella Cavaraiellia Heinze 1960: 810. Type species: Cavariella hillerislambersi Ossiannilsson (= Cavariella aquatica).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Frons convex. ABD TERG VIII with short conical supra-caudal process; siphunculus clavate, obliquely truncated at tip, without flange, the pore short than the distal width; cauda long conical, with seven or eight setae.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The subgenus only contains one species. Cavariella cessana Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999 is considered as a junior synonym of Cavariella aquatica (Gillette &amp; Bragg, 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E704CE2646815EAEB49C5B0BA10135F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
7D26D5234E86548AA5B967EAB4A84730.text	7D26D5234E86548AA5B967EAB4A84730.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella (Cavariella) Cavariella Del Guercio 1911	<div><p>Subgenus Cavariella Cavariella Del Guercio, 1911</p><p>Cavariella Del Guercio, 1911: 323. Type species: Aphis pastinacae Linnaeus.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>ABD TERG VIII with distinct supra-caudal process, elongate conical, conical, or triangular, as long as or longer than Ant. II. Siphunculus mostly clavate, swollen distally, sometimes long cylindrical not swollen, with distinct flange and imbrications. Cauda conical mostly with 4-6 setae, sometimes with 5-9 setae.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The nominate subgenus contains thirty-six species, including one new species. There are fourteen species in China, and Cavariella bhutanensis Chakrabarti &amp; Das, 2009, C. nigra Basu, 1964, C. pastinacae (Linnaeus, 1758), and C. pustula Essig, 1937 are recorded in China for the first time. Two endemic species in China, Cavariella gilgiana Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999 and Cavariella lhasana Zhang, 1981, are re-described in this work.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D26D5234E86548AA5B967EAB4A84730	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
62AC48A52E715B2DAB4ED087E3416990.text	62AC48A52E715B2DAB4ED087E3416990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) cicutisucta Qiao 2005	<div><p>Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) cicutisucta Qiao, 2005</p><p>Figs 27, 28, 37A</p><p>Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) cicutisucta Qiao in Qiao et al. 2005: 331.</p><p>Types examined.</p><p>Holotype: one ap. viv. fem., China: Shanxi, 18.VII.2000, No. Y8507-1-1-1, on Cicuta virosa, coll. L.J. Zhang.</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>three ap. viv. fems. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956123), Guizhou, 27.VII.2014, No. 33648, on Apiaceae, coll. F.F. Niu and Y.Q. Li.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body white, covered with wax in life (Fig. 37A); thoracic nota and abdominal tergites I-IV each with one pair of circular marginal tubercles (Fig. 27E, G, H); thoracic nota and abdominal tergites I-IV each with one or two pairs of pale brown marginal sclerites, tergites V and VI often with small brown spino-pleural sclerites, tergites VII and VIII each with a brown sclerotic band (Fig. 27I); dorsal setae short and blunt; rostrum reaching abdominal tergite III, URS elongate wedge-shaped, with five or six secondary setae (Fig. 27D); cauda tongue-shaped (Fig. 27K), with 8-13 setae (Qiao et al. 2005).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella sapporoensis, but the main differences between the two species are as follows: abdominal tergites I-IV sclerotized, tergites VII and VIII each with a brown sclerotic band ( C. sapporoensis: only abdominal tergites VII and VIII sometimes with a brown sclerotic band); dorsal setae short and blunt ( C. sapporoensis: dorsal setae very long and pointed, curved distally).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species feeds on undersides of leaves near the roots of Apiaceae ( Cicuta virosa) and is with ant attendance (Fig. 37A) (Qiao et al. 2005).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guizhou, Shanxi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62AC48A52E715B2DAB4ED087E3416990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
8873F948EA005B6E8CCE9B3512C61362.text	8873F948EA005B6E8CCE9B3512C61362.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) Ivanovskaja 1980	<div><p>Subgenus Cavariella Cavariellinepicauda Ivanovskaja, 1980</p><p>Cavariellinepicauda Ivanovskaja, 1980: 79.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The species of the subgenus mostly feed on Apiaceae and are covered with wax in life (Fig. 37). In collected specimens, abdominal tergites I-IV often have circular marginal tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with indistinct supra-caudal process, shorter than Ant. II; rostrum long, sometimes reaching abdominal tergite IV, URS elongated wedge-shaped; cauda tongue-shaped, with&gt; 8 setae; SPHI long cylindrical, with distinct flange, not swollen.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The subgenus contains five species, with only two species distributed in China. Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999 is considered as a junior synonym of Cavariella sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961. Cavariella hidaensis Takahashi, 1961 should be removed to Elatobium Mordvilko, 1914 based morphological and molecular data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8873F948EA005B6E8CCE9B3512C61362	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
638ADECA34C25D78B0A29114E46B8977.text	638ADECA34C25D78B0A29114E46B8977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) sapporoensis Takahashi 1961	<div><p>Cavariella (Cavariellinepicauda) sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961</p><p>Figs 29, 30, 31, 37B-D</p><p>Cavariella sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961: 9.</p><p>Types examined.</p><p>Holotype and paratypes of Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999: two ap. viv. fems., China: Gansu (Yuzhong County), 1.VIII.1986, No. 8587-1-2, on Apiaceae, coll. G.X. Zhang, J.H. Li and T.S. Zhong; seventeen apterous oviparous females, Gansu (Minxian County), 22.X.1986, No. 8785-1-1, on Salix, coll. G.X. Zhang and T. S. Zhong (Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Two ala. viv. fems., Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 42056-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956131), Jilin, 8.VIII.2017, No. 41184-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long and T.Y. Liu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956141), Beijing, 24.VI.2019, No. 45522-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 42057-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956140), Beijing, 24.VI.2019, No. 45517-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956133), Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 42064-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956139), Beijing, 15.VIII.2017, No. 45505-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pronotum and abdominal tergites I-IV each with large and circular marginal tubercles, larger than spiracles (Fig. 29D, F); setae of legs very long, pointed, dense, and curved apexes (Fig. 29G, H), the setae on femora 0.57-0.78 × of widest width, the setae on tibiae 0.97-1.39 × of mid-width; cauda tongue-shaped, with 9-16 long and pointed setae (Fig. 29M) (Takahashi 1961).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>After researching the holotype of Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999, we found the species is in fact without large circular spiracles, which are in fact marginal tubercles and with normal reniform spiracles (Fig. 31A, C). In C. largispiracula, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites I-IV each with one pair of large marginal tubercles (Fig. 31C); abdominal tergites VIII with a slightly swollen supra-caudal process (Fig. 31D); cauda tongue-shaped (Fig. 31F); setae of legs very long and pointed (Zhang et al. 1999). Therefore, Cavariella largispiracula Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999 is considered as a junior synonym of Cavariella sapporoensis Takahashi, 1961.</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella heraclei Takahashi, 1961, but differs from it as follows: setae of legs long, pointed, dense, and curved apexes ( C. heraclei: setae of legs short, blunt, sparse); cephalic setae long and pointed, 1.31-2.74 × Ant. IIIBD ( C. heraclei: cephalic setae short and blunt, 0.50 × Ant. IIIBD); setae of Ant. III long and pointed, 0.86-1.24 × Ant. IIIBD ( C. heraclei: setae of Ant. III short, 0.50 × Ant. IIIBD) (Takahashi 1961).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species is usually collected from Apiaceae and feeds on the undersides of leaves with ant attendance (Fig. 37B-D). In China, the apterous oviparous female of the species was found feeding on the leaves of Salix in October. So, the species may alternate host between Salix and Apiaceae .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Beijing, Gansu, Jilin), Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/638ADECA34C25D78B0A29114E46B8977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
F51C3CDB51225CC99E66B675C1C9D56D.text	F51C3CDB51225CC99E66B675C1C9D56D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli 1763)	<div><p>Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763)</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 32D</p><p>Aphis aegopodii Scopoli, 1763: 137.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Six ap. viv. fems. and four ala. viv. fems., China: Yunnan, 25.V.1980, No. 7157, on Foeniculum vulgare, coll. T.S. Zhong and L.Y. Wang (Zhang and Zhong 1984) ; one ap. viv. fem., Gansu (Zhangxian County), 24.VII.1986, No. 8501-3-4, on Salix, coll. G.X. Zhang, T.S. Zhong and J.H. Li (Zhang et al. 1999) ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956128), Tibet ( Lasa City), 23.VIII.2017, No. 40940-1-1, on Salix, coll. X.Y. Luo ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one apterous female (COI: OP956143), Yunnan ( Lijiang City), 26.V.2021, No. 50266-1-1, on Salix, coll. T.Y. Liu and S. Xu ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one apterous female (COI: OP956151), Tibet ( Xigaze City), 16.VII.2021, No. 51884-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Xu ; three ala. viv. fems. and one ap. viv. fem., Qinghai ( Xining City), 5.VI.1997, No. 11333, on Salix, coll. X.L. Chen ; one ala. viv. fem. and one ap. viv. fem., Sichuan, 24.VIII.2013, No. 30092-1-1, on unknown host plant, coll. R. Chen.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>URS shorter than HT II and without accessory setae (Fig. 3E, F); PT 0.85-1.14 × Ant. VIb, mostly longer than Ant. VIb (Fig. 3C); supra-caudal process longer than 1/2 of cauda but rarely extending beyond tip of cauda (Fig. 3I) (Zhang and Zhong 1984; Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plant: Salix; secondary host plant: Apiaceae . The species feeds on leaves and tender tips of Salix (Fig. 32D). The species is a major pest of cultivated Apiaceae, and it feeds on leaves and umbels of many genera in Apiaceae (Blackman and Eastop 2022).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Heilongjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang) (Zhang et al 1992; Jiang et al 2011), Canada, Europe, USA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F51C3CDB51225CC99E66B675C1C9D56D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
28C97E3D32735F25B642FE1C045B3326.text	28C97E3D32735F25B642FE1C045B3326.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella angelicae (Matsumura 1918)	<div><p>Cavariella angelicae (Matsumura, 1918)</p><p>Figs 5, 32E</p><p>Metaphis angelicae Matsumura, 1918: 1.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956148), China: Sichuan ( Ganzi City), 15.VI.2021, No. 51435-1-1, on Salix, coll. T.Y. Liu and S. Xu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956145), Sichuan ( Ganzi City), 12.VI.2021, No. 50575-1-1, on Salix, coll. T.Y. Liu and S. Xu ; two ap. viv. fems. and two ala. viv. fems. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956146), Sichuan ( Ganzi City), 12.VI.2021, No. 50588-1-1, on Salix, coll. T.Y. Liu and S. Xu ; one ap. viv. fem., Hebei, 6.V.2021, No. 49999-2-1, on Salix, coll. G.X. Qiao.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Antennae 5-segmented (Fig. 5C), PT 1.95-2.39 × Ant. Vb; URS long wedge-shaped (Fig. 5D), 1.15-1.36 × HT II; ABD TERG VIII with short rectangular supra-caudal process (Fig. 5G); SIPH cylindrical not swollen (Fig. 5H); cauda short tongue-shaped (Fig. 5I), with four or five setae (Matsumura 1918; Miyazaki 1971; Zhang and Zhong 1990).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella digitata and Cavariella theobaldi in SIPH being long and cylindrical, and not swollen, supra-caudal process short. But the species differs from C. digitata as follows: URS long and wedge-shaped, distinctly longer than HT II, 1.15-1.36 × HT II ( C. digitata: URS wedge-shaped, 1.00-1.10 × HT II); supra-caudal process rectangular, blunt with two setae distally ( C. digitata: supra-caudal process triangular, with two setae distally and 1-3 short setae basally); PT 3.00 × Ant. Vb ( C. digitata: PT 1.25-1.45 × Ant. Vb). The species differs from C. theobaldi as follows: antennae 5-segmented ( C. theobaldi: antennae 6-segmented); URS long wedge-shaped, longer than cauda ( C. theobaldi: URS wedge-shaped, shorter than cauda) (Miyazaki 1971).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species feeds on tender tips of Apiaceae ( Angelica, Heracleum, Pastinaca, Sium) (Miyazaki 1971; Blackman and Eastop 2022). In China, the species feeds on Salix (Fig. 32E), Heracleum, and Angelica . Hence, the species may be heteroecious holocyclic; Salix is the primary host plant and Apiaceae is the secondary host plant.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hebei, Sichuan), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/28C97E3D32735F25B642FE1C045B3326	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
5AECEA9045605CF7B1A348A63CD28E49.text	5AECEA9045605CF7B1A348A63CD28E49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella araliae Takahashi 1921	<div><p>Cavariella araliae Takahashi, 1921</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 32F</p><p>Cavariella araliae Takahashi, 1921: 37.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Two ap. viv. fems., China: Guizhou (Xishui County), 30.V.2000, No. 12518-1-1, on Aralia, coll. G.X. Qiao ; two ap. viv. fems., Sichuan ( Chengdu City), 21.VIII.2018, No. 43979-1-1, on Aralia, coll. Y. Xu and J.F. Ji ; one ap. viv. fem., Guizhou ( Fanjing Mountain), 1.VIII.2014, No. 33707-1-1, on Aralia, coll. Y.Q. Li and F.F. Niu ; five ap. viv. fems. and three ala. viv. fems., Hainan (Linshui County), 7.IV.2015, No. 32504-1-1, No. 32505-1-1, No. 32507-1-1, No. 32503-1-1, on Aralia, coll. R. Chen ; two ap. viv. fems., Yunnan (Jinping County), 17.IV.2018, No. 42356-1-1, on Aralia, coll. Y. Xu ; three ap. viv. fems., Hunan (Ningyuan County), 27.V.2017, No. 39559-1-1, No. 39557-1-1, on Aralia, coll. C.C. Du and K. Hao ; one ap. viv. fem., Guangdong ( Shaoguan City), 7. VI.2017, No. 39667-1-1, on Aralia, coll. C.C. Du and K. Hao ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956137), Hubei (Yien County), 30.IV.2019, No. 45335-1-1, on Aralia, coll. X. L. Zhang ; one ap. viv. fems., Sichuan ( Leshan City), 7.VI.2014, No. 31318-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Wang and X. J Tang.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Supra-caudal long conical, pointed apex, much longer than cauda (Fig. 6G, I); antennae 5-segmented (Fig. 6C), PT 1.59 × Ant. Vb; URS wedge-shaped (Fig. 6D), 1.40 × HT II (Takahashi 1921; Jiang et al. 2011).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species mostly feeds on stems and shoots of Araliaceae (Fig. 32F) ( Aralia, Schleffera, Tetrapanax), and be found also feeding on Salix (Blackman and Eastop 2022). The species may migrate between Salix and Araliaceae .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang) (Jiang et al. 2011), Japan, Korea, Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AECEA9045605CF7B1A348A63CD28E49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
45CE2AA1D09A50F995C7B39013DC2F88.text	45CE2AA1D09A50F995C7B39013DC2F88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella bhutanensis Chakrabarti & Das 2009	<div><p>Cavariella bhutanensis Chakrabarti &amp; Das, 2009</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 32G</p><p>Cavariella bhutanensis Chakrabarti &amp; Das, 2009: 39.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ala. viv. fem., China: Tibet (Nyalam County), 9.VIII.2010, No. 25818-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Wang ; one ala. viv. fem. and two ap. viv. fems., Tibet ( Nyingchi City), 3.VIII.2010, No. 25756-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. G.X. Qiao ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956120), Tibet (Nyalam County), 22.VII.2014, No. 32711-1-1, on Salix, coll. J. Chen and X.C. Zhu ; one ap. viv. fem., Tibet ( Shannan City), 9.VI.2016, No. 37289-1-1, on Salix, coll. F.F. Niu ; one ap. viv. fem., Tibet (Jilong County), 24.VII.2014, No. 32732-1-1, on Salix, coll. J. Chen and X.C. Zhu ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956152), Tibet (Bailang County), 17.VII.2021, No. 51895-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Xu ; two ap. viv. fems., Tibet (Pulan County), 31.VII.2021, No. 52077-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Xu ; two ap. viv. fems., Tibet (Jilong County), 31.VII.2021, No. 52011-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Xu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>PT 1.31-1.72 × Ant. VIb; URS 0.11-0.15 mm, long wedge-shaped (Fig. 8D), 1.75-2.68 × BW URS, 0.91-1.17 × HT II; ABD TERG VIII with conical supra-caudal (Fig. 8H), 0.65-1.14 × cauda; siphunculus 2.00-2.58 × of cauda (Chakrabarti and Das 2009).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species is recorded in China for the first time, and with some variations from the original description as follows: PT 1.27-1.40 × Ant. VIb; URS 1.15-1.28 × HT II; supra-caudal process 1.05-1.14 × cauda in Bhutan.</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella aegopodii but differs as follows: PT 1.31-1.72 × Ant. VIb ( C. aegopodii: PT 1.12 × Ant. VIb); URS elongate wedge-shaped, 0.91-1.17 × HT II ( C. aegopodii: URS wedge-shaped, shorter than HT II).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species was found feeding on Salix (Fig. 32G) and Apiaceae in China, and it also been described feeding on Salix in Bhutan (Chakrabarti and Das 2009). So, the species may migrate between the two plants.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Tibet), Bhutan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45CE2AA1D09A50F995C7B39013DC2F88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
E5BDA521D9F3596298B9FE75827E9768.text	E5BDA521D9F3596298B9FE75827E9768.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella Del Guercio 1911	<div><p>Cavariella Del Guercio, 1911</p><p>Cavariella Del Guercio, 1911: 323. Type species: Aphis pastinacae Linnaeus, 1758.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body dorsum with various ornaments: wrinkles, irregularly circular or semicircular sculptures, small papillate tubercles. Frons convex. Antennae shorter than body length, without secondary rhinaria in apterae; in alatae, Ant. III with circular secondary rhinaria distributed over the whole segment, sometimes the secondary rhinaria protruded, Ant. IV and V usually with circular secondary rhinaria. ABD TERG VIII with a spinal supra-caudal process varying from a very long conical process to an indistinct swelling and possessing two setae distally; in alatae, the supra-caudal process is reduced and wart-like. Siphunculus clavate, swollen distally, sometimes elongated cylinder and not swollen, with imbrications. Cauda elongate conical, conical, or tongue-shaped.</p><p>Taxonomy.</p><p>The genus Cavariella has been divided into three subgenera, Cavariella Cavaraiellia Heinze, Cavariellinepicauda Ivanovskaja, and the nominate subgenus Cavariella Cavariella Del Guercio.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Most species of the genus characteristically alternate hosts, Salix species being the primary host, and plant species of diverse families, frequently Apiaceae the secondary host. Aphids colonize the aerial parts of plants, mainly tender ones.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5BDA521D9F3596298B9FE75827E9768	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
4651BE6F291151569126A5D1054BA3FB.text	4651BE6F291151569126A5D1054BA3FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella gilgiana Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li 1999	<div><p>Cavariella gilgiana Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999</p><p>Figs 10, 11, 32H</p><p>Cavariella gilgiana Zhang, Chen, Zhong &amp; Li, 1999: 370.</p><p>Types examined.</p><p>Holotype: one ap. viv. fem., China: Ningxia (Yinchuan City), 10.VI.1976, No. Y1156-1-1-2, on Salix, coll. Unknown. Paratypes: four ap. viv. fems., with the same collection data as holotype (Zhang et al 1999).</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>Five ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956147), Sichuan (Ganzi City), 15.VI.2021, No. 51429, on Salix, coll. T.Y. Liu and S. Xu ; six ap. viv. fems., Qinghai (Huangyuan County), 9.VI.1997, No. 11400, on Salix, coll. X.L. Chen.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body dorsum covered with densely papillate tubercles (Figs 10F, 11F, H); antennae 5-segmented (Figs 10B, 11B), PT short, 0.36-0.40 × Ant. Vb; dorsal setae of body long, thick, and capitate (Figs 10E, 11G); ABD TERG VIII produced caudad into triangular spinal supra-caudal process (Figs 10H, 11J); cauda pentagonal, constricted at base and distal part (Figs 10I, 11K) (Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Re-description.</p><p>Apterous viviparous females: body oval, pale yellowish in life (Fig. 32H).</p><p>Mounted specimens. Body pale, unsclerotized; Ant. V, distal part of rostrum, HT II brown, other parts pale in color. Body dorsum covered with densely papillate tubercles (Fig. 11A). See Table 2 for general measurements.</p><p>Head. Ocular tubercles indistinct. Dorsum of head covered with semicircular and wavy sculptures on median area, marginal area with papillate tubercles (Figs 10A, 11C). Frons convex (Figs 10A, 11C). Dorsal setae of head long, thick, and capitate, with distinct setal tubercles. Head with one pair of cephalic setae, one or two pairs of dorsal setae between antennae, two pairs of dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 5-segmented, Ant. I and II slightly imbricated at inner side, Ant. III-V with slight imbrications (Figs 10B, 11B). Antennal setae long, thick, and blunt or capitate on Ant. I and II, 0.02-0.05 mm, short and blunt on Ant. III-V. Ant. I-V each with 3 or 4, 2 or 3, 2 or 3, 1 or 2, 2 or 3+0 setae; apex of PT with two or three setae. Primary rhinaria ciliated. Rostrum reaching mid-coxae; URS wedge-shaped (Figs 10C, 11E), with two pairs of primary setae, without accessory setae.</p><p>Thorax. Thoracic nota with circular and semicircular sculptures on spino-pleural areas, marginal areas with papillate tubercles. Mesosternal furca separated (Figs 10D, 11D). Dorsal setae of thorax long, thick and capitate; pronotum with two pairs of spinal setae, arranged anteriorly and posteriorly, one pair of pleural and one pair of marginal setae; mesonotum with 5-7 spino-pleural setae and two pairs of marginal setae; metanotum with 2-4 spino-pleural setae and two pairs of marginal setae. Legs short. Femora thick and short. Outsides of femora and tibiae imbricated. Setae on legs long, thick and capitate. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 2, 2. Second tarsal segments with imbrications.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites with circular and semicircular sculptures on spino-pleural areas, marginal areas with papillate tubercles (Figs 10F, 11F, H). ABD TERG VIII produced caudad into triangular spinal supra-caudal process and covered with papillate tubercles, constricted and blunt at distal part, exceeding to the end of cauda (Figs 10H, 11J). Dorsal setae of abdomen long, thick, and capitate (Figs 10E, 11J); abdominal tergites I-V each with two or three pairs of spino-pleural setae and one or two pairs of marginal setae, tergite VI with one pair of spinal and one pair of marginal setae, tergite VII with one pair of spinal, pleural and marginal setae, respectively; tergite VIII with two setae at apex and 2-4 marginal setae of supra-caudal process. Spiracles reniform and open. SIPH long clavate, basal 1/2 cylindrical and then gradually swollen towards apical part but constricted at apex (Figs 10G, 11I); basal part smooth, distal part with imbrications, with flange. Cauda pentagonal (Figs 10I, 11K), constricted at base and distal part, with spinulose imbrications and 2-5 setae. Anal plate semicircular, spinulose, with 8-12 setae. Genital plate transversely oval, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and six or seven setae along the posterior margin.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species was first described by Zhang et al. (1999), but the description was brief and incomplete. So, a detailed description, character illustration, ecological photographs, and DNA barcoding are supplied in this work.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species feeds on young leaves of Salix (Fig. 32H).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Ningxia, Sichuan, Qinghai).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4651BE6F291151569126A5D1054BA3FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
620C315DC5B259D7A3E7EB78ADAE27A1.text	620C315DC5B259D7A3E7EB78ADAE27A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella japonica (Essig & Kuwana 1918)	<div><p>Cavariella japonica (Essig &amp; Kuwana, 1918)</p><p>Figs 12, 33A-C</p><p>Siphocoryne japonica Essig &amp; Kuwana, 1918: 66.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956124), China: Hubei (Yien County), 30.IV.2016, No. 36809-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. X.C. Zhu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Hubei ( Xingdou Mountain), 4.V.2019, No. 45380-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. X.L. Zhang ; three ap. viv. fems., Hubei ( Xingdou Mountain), 3.V.2019, No. 45369-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. X.L. Zhang ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956119), Sichuan ( Dujiangyan), 11.IV.2014, No. 31362-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Wang and X.J. Tang ; two ap. viv. fems., Hubei ( Xingdou Mountain), 3.V.2019, No. 45370-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. X. L. Zhang ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956136), Sichuan ( Chengdu City), 24.VIII.2018, No. 44015-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Xu and J.F. Ji ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956135), Sichuan ( Chengdu City), 11.VIII.2018, No. 43839-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Xu and J.F. Ji.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>In life, body white, distal part of tibiae and tarsi black, other parts pale, body dorsum sometimes slightly sclerotized (Fig. 33A, B); nymphs white, unsclerotized (Fig. 33C). In mounted specimens, body dorsum covered with oval sculptures and papillate tubercles, sometimes sclerotized and pale brown in color (Fig. 12A); PT 1.41-1.64 × Ant. VIb; SIPH cylindrical, tapering, constricted distally, slightly curved outward at the end (Fig. 12K), 0.14-0.18 × body length; ABD TERG VIII with short conical supra-caudal (Fig. 12M); Ant. III-V each with 31-38, 4 or 5, 0 or 1 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae (Fig. 12P) (Essig and Kuwana 1918).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella nigra, but differs as follows: body white, dorsum sometimes slightly sclerotized, distal part of tibiae and tarsi black, other parts pale in life; nymphs white, unsclerotized in life ( C. nigra: body dorsum sclerotized and black, and appendages black in life; nymphs pale yellow, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites each with one pair of spinal and marginal patches); PT 1.41-1.64 × Ant. VIb ( C. nigra: PT 1.17-1.49 × Ant. VIb); Ant. III-V each with 31-38, 4 or 5, 0 or 1 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae ( C. nigra: Ant. III-V each with 51-64, 11 or 12, 1-3 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plant: Salix, and the aphids feed on young stems (Fig. 33A). Secondary host plant: Apiaceae, and the aphids feed on upper sides of leaves and with ant-attendance (Fig. 33B, C).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan (Tao 1964)), Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/620C315DC5B259D7A3E7EB78ADAE27A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
2271F06FE5DA524A8BCAC6F5D895513F.text	2271F06FE5DA524A8BCAC6F5D895513F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella konoi Takahashi 1939	<div><p>Cavariella konoi Takahashi, 1939</p><p>Figs 13, 14, 33D</p><p>Cavariella konoi Takahashi, 1939: 117.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956129), China: Jilin, 4.VIII.2017, No. 41101-1-1, on Salix, coll. H. Long and T.Y. Liu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956132), Jilin, 8.VIII.2017, No. 41195-1-1, on Salix, coll. H. Long and T.Y. Liu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>PT 1.67-1.80 × Ant. VIb; URS 1.02-1.08 × HT II; SIPH long clavate (Fig. 13H), 0.21-0.22 × body length; ABD TERG VIII with short conical supra-caudal (Fig. 13J), 0.04-0.07 mm, as long as basal width; Ant. III and IV each with 28-32, 3 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae (Fig. 14B) (Takahashi 1939).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>Cavariella konoi was first described in China by Zhang et al. (1999), but by checking the specimens, it was established that they were misidentified and should be Cavariella nigra Basu, 1964.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species was found feeding on the undersides of leaves of Salix (Fig. 33D) in China, and it migrate between Salix and Apiaceae (Blackman and Eastop 2022).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Jilin), Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Japan, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, UK, USA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2271F06FE5DA524A8BCAC6F5D895513F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
AD773B4CEAFE5280B087FB22163911DE.text	AD773B4CEAFE5280B087FB22163911DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella lhasana Zhang 1981	<div><p>Cavariella lhasana Zhang, 1981</p><p>Figs 15, 16, 17</p><p>Cavariella lhasana Zhang, 1981: 262.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Syntypes. Three ap. viv. fems. and three ala. viv. fems., China: Tibet, 3.IX.1975, No. 6162-1-2, on Medicago, coll. Z.Q. Wang (Zhang and Zhong 1981) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>PT 1.08-1.59 × Ant. VIb; URS wedge-shaped (Figs 15C, 16D), 1.63-1.87 × the base wide, 0.93-1.07 × HT II; SIPH clavate, distal part distinctly swollen (Figs 15F, 16F), the length 0.18-0.19 × body length, the swollen wide 1.82-1.91 × distal width; cauda broadly tongue-shaped (Figs 15H, 16H), 1.24-1.38 × basal width (Zhang and Zhong 1981).</p><p>Re-description.</p><p>Apterous viviparous females: body oval, green in life.</p><p>Mounted specimens. Body pale, unsclerotized; Ant. V and VI, distal part of rostrum, HT II, SIPH, cauda and anal plate pale brown, other parts pale in color (Fig. 16A). See Table 2 for general measurements.</p><p>Head. Dorsum of head covered with wrinkles, distinctly at marginal areas. Frons convex with undeveloped antennal tubercles, slightly lower than median frontal tubercles (Figs 15A, 16B). Dorsal setae of head short and blunt. Head with one pair of cephalic setae, one pair of setae at apex of antennal tubercles, two pairs of dorsal setae between antennae, two pairs of dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 6-segmented, Ant. I-III smooth, Ant. IV-VI with slight imbrications (Figs 15B, 16C). Antennal setae short and blunt. Ant. I-VI each with 3, 3 or 4, 3-5, 1 or 2, 2 or 3, 2-4+1 or 2 setae; apex of PT with two or three setae. Primary rhinaria unciliated. Rostrum reaching mid-coxae; URS wedge-shaped (Figs 15C, 16D), with three pairs of primary setae, none or one pair of accessory setae.</p><p>Thorax. Thoracic nota with oval and semicircular sculptures, distinctly at marginal areas. Dorsal setae of thorax short and blunt; pronotum with two pairs of spinal setae, arranged anteriorly and posteriorly, one pair of pleural and one pair of marginal setae. Legs short. Distal part of femora and tibiae slightly imbricated. Setae on legs short and blunt. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 3, 3. Second tarsal segments with imbrications.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites with oval and semicircular sculptures, distinctly at marginal areas. ABD TERG VIII produced caudad into conical spinal supra-caudal process, at least longer than 1/2 of cauda, covered with wavy wrinkles and with two blunt setae at apex (Figs 15G, 16G). Dorsal setae of abdomen short and blunt. Spiracles reniform and open. SIPH clavate, basal 1/2 cylindrical and then distinctly swollen towards apical part but constricted at apex (Figs 15F, 16F), the swollen wide 1.82-1.91 × distal wide; basal 2/3 with wrinkles, distal 1/3 imbricated, with flange. Cauda broadly tongue-shaped (Figs 15H, 16H), with spinulose imbrications and five or six setae. Anal plate semicircular (Fig. 15I), spinulose, with 10-16 setae. Genital plate broadly oval, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and six or seven setae along the posterior margin.</p><p>Alate viviparous females: mounted specimens. Body long oval; head and thorax black-brown, antennae, legs, distal part of rostrum, SIPH, supra-caudal process, cauda and anal plate brown, other parts pale in color (Fig. 17A). See Table 2 for general measurements.</p><p>Head. As in apterous viviparous females except as follows: dorsum of head smooth. Frons convex, antennal tubercles slightly prominent, lower than median frontal tubercle (Fig. 17B). Dorsal setae of head short and pointed. Antennae 6-segmented (Fig. 17C), Ant. I and II smooth, Ant. III-VI with imbrications. Antennal setae short and pointed. Ant. I-VI each with 3, 3, 4, 3, 2 or 3, 2+1 or 2 setae; apex of PT with three setae. Primary rhinaria ciliated. Ant. III with 22-25 circular secondary rhinaria.</p><p>Thorax. As in apterous viviparous females except as follows: dorsum of thorax smooth. Legs normal. Setae on legs long and pointed. Fore wing radius bent, media twice-branched, two cubitus; hind wings with one long longitudinal vein and two obliques.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites I-VII each with one pair of brown marginal sclerites; tergite I with a band at spino-pleural areas, tergites II-V with a brown quadrate sclerite at spino-pleural areas, tergites VI-VIII each with a brown band. Dorsum of abdominal tergites with spinulose imbrications at sclerites, others smooth. Abdominal tergites I-IV each with one pair of small marginal tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with a short warty supra-caudal process (Figs 15K, 17F), with two pointed setae at apex. Dorsal setae of abdomen long and pointed. SIPH clavate, basal 1/2 cylindrical and then distinctly swollen towards apical part but constricted at apex (Fig. 17E); basal 2/3 with wrinkles, distal 1/3 imbricated, with flange. Cauda conical (Fig. 17G), with spinulose imbrications and five setae. Anal plate semicircular, spinulose, with 12-15 setae. Genital plate broadly round, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and seven setae along the posterior margin. Others as in apterous viviparous females.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species was described by Zhang and Zhong (1981) in China and was considered as synonym of Cavariella aegopodii in Blackman and Eastop (2022). By checking the six syntypes of the species, it is sure that the species resembles Cavariella aegopodii in dorsum sculptures, conical supra-caudal process, the shape of URS, but the species differs from C. aegopodii as follows: URS 0.94-1.07 × HT II ( C. aegopodii: URS distinctly shorter than HT II, 0.73-0.83 × HT II); PT 1.08-1.59 × Ant. VIb ( C. aegopodii: PT mostly shorter than Ant. VIb); SIPH thick clavate, distal part distinctly swollen, the swollen wide 1.82-1.91 × distal wide ( C. aegopodii: SIPH clavate, the swollen wide 1.37-1.72 × distal wide). Due to these differences in major characters, we remove C. lhasana from synonymy with C. aegopodii and reinstate it as a valid species.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species feeds on leaves of Medicago .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Tibet).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD773B4CEAFE5280B087FB22163911DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
AD1F9435751C594582B81CE3D615F595.text	AD1F9435751C594582B81CE3D615F595.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella nigra Basu 1964	<div><p>Cavariella nigra Basu, 1964</p><p>Figs 18, 19, 34</p><p>Cavariella nigra Basu, 1964: 240.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., China: Sichuan ( Ganzi City), 18.VII.2017, No. 45858-1-1, on Salix, coll. J.F. Ji ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956126), Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36849-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. X.C. Zhu ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956134), Shaanxi (Ningshan County), 4.VI.2018, No. 43081-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956130), Jilin, 5.VIII.2017, No. 41140-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. T.Y. Liu and H. Long ; two ap. viv. fems., Yunnan, 25.IX.2020, No. 49354-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Xu ; two ap. viv. fems., Tibet ( Nyingchi City), 30.VI.2021, No. 51743-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Xu ; two ap. viv. fems., Tibet ( Nyingchi City), 26.VI.2021, No. 51699-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Xu ; three ap. viv. fems. and five ala. viv. fems., Beijing, 4.VIII.2000, No. 12561, on Apiaceae, coll. G.X. Qiao.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>In life, body dorsum black, venter of abdomen pale yellow, sometimes pink, and appendages black (Fig. 34); nymphs pale yellow, sometimes pink, and appendages black; thoracic nota and abdominal tergites each with one pair of spinal and marginal patches (Fig. 34D). In specimens, Body dorsum sclerotized and uniformly black-brown in mounted specimens (Fig. 18A). PT 1.17-1.49 × Ant. VIb. Ant. III-V each with 51-64, 11 or 12, 1-3 circular and produced secondary rhinaria in alatae (Fig. 19B). URS long wedge-shaped (Fig. 18D), reaching hind coxae. ABD TERG VIII with short supra-caudal process (Fig. 18K), 0.05-0.11 mm, 0.84-1.45 × basal width. SIPH long cylindrical (Fig. 18I), not swollen, constricted distally, with strongly imbricated.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species is recorded in China for the first time. The species resembles Cavariella japonica, but differs as follows: body dorsum sclerotized and black, and appendages uniformly black in life; nymphs pale yellow, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites each with one pair of spinal and marginal patches in life ( C. japonica: body white, dorsum sometimes slightly sclerotized, distal part of tibiae and tarsi black, other parts pale in life; nymphs white, unsclerotized in life); PT 1.17-1.49 × Ant. VIb ( C. japonica: PT 1.41-1.64 × Ant. VIb); Ant. III-V each with 51-64, 11 or 12, 1-3 circular and produced secondary rhinaria in alatae ( C. japonica: Ant. III-V each with 31-38, 4 or 5, 0 or 1 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plants: Salix, and the aphids feed on tender tips and with ant attendance (Fig. 34A-C) in China and India (Basu 1964). Secondary host plants are Apiaceae in China, and the aphids feed on young leaves and flowers, with ant attendance (Fig. 34D-F).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Beijing, Gansu, Hubei, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), India (West Bengal) (Basu 1964).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD1F9435751C594582B81CE3D615F595	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
FABA365A9DD9520F8ECA62F130A8F52A.text	FABA365A9DD9520F8ECA62F130A8F52A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella nipponica Takahashi 1961	<div><p>Cavariella nipponica Takahashi, 1961</p><p>Figs 20, 35A</p><p>Cavariella nipponica Takahashi, 1961: 8.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem., China: Liaoning, 29.VI.1984, No. Y 4977-1-2, on Salix, coll. G.X. Zhang and L.J. Liu (Jiang et al. 2011) ; two ap. viv. fems. and two ala. viv. fems. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956118), Beijing, 14.V.2014, No. 31000, on Salix, coll. Y. Wang, J.J. Tang and F.F. Niu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956116), Sichuan ( Jiuding Mountain), 23.VIII.2013, No. 30077-1-1, host plant unknown, coll. R. Chen ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Beijing, 4.VIII.2017, No. 41401-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. G.X. Qiao and X. Yang ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956150), Sichuan ( Aba City), 22.VI.2021, No. 51630-1-1, on Salix, coll. T.Y. Liu and S. Xu ; one ap. viv. fem., Beijing, 17.VII.2016, No. 37063-1-1, on unknown, coll. R.J. Zhang and S.F Xu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>ABD TERG VIII with long conical supra-caudal (Fig. 20H), 0.15-0.27 mm, 0.92-1.85 × cauda; PT mostly short than Ant. VIb (Fig. 20C); URS wedge-shaped (Fig. 20D), 1.01-1.07 × HT II; SIPH long clavate (Fig. 20G), 2.16-2.59 × cauda, 0.20-0.22 × body length; Ant. III-V each with 26-36, 5 or 6, 1 or 2 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae (Fig. 20K).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species has some variations in China, as follows: PT 0.83-1.26 × Ant. VIb, in most specimens PT shorter than Ant. VIb, but sometimes PT slightly longer than Ant. VIb (original description: PT 0.70-0.75 × Ant. VIb); URS 1.01-1.07 × HT II (original description: URS 1.40 × HT II) (Takahashi 1961).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plant: Salix; secondary host plant: Apiaceae including Anthriscus, Angelica, Heracleum (Takahashi 1961). The species feeds on young leaves of the host plant (Fig. 35A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Sichuan), Bhutan, Japan, Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FABA365A9DD9520F8ECA62F130A8F52A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
220A7092B1865700AE382BD6502A6924.text	220A7092B1865700AE382BD6502A6924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella pastinacae (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Cavariella pastinacae (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Figs 21, 35B</p><p>Aphis pastinacae Linnaeus, 1758: 451.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Mongolia, 11.VII.2010, No. 24728, on Apiaceae, coll. L.Y. Jiang ; two ap. viv. fems., Mongolia, 15.VII.2010, No. 24756, on Apiaceae, coll. L.Y. Jiang ; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956153), China: Xinjiang, 2.VII.2022, No. 55639, on Apiaceae, coll. Y. Xu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Antennae 6-segmented (Fig. 21C), PT&gt; 3.46 × Ant. VIb; ABD TERG VIII with short rectangular supra-caudal process (Fig. 21I); URS wedge-shaped (Fig. 21D), 1.07-1.15 × HT II; SIPH clavate and swollen at middle (Fig. 21H); cauda broadly tongue-shaped (Fig. 21J), with 6-8 setae.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species is first recorded in China. The species resembles Cavariella angelicae, but differs as follows: antennae 6-segmented, PT 3.46 × Ant. VIb ( C. angelicae: antennae 5-segmented, PT 1.95-2.39 × Ant. Vb); SIPH clavate, swollen at middle and constricted distally, with a subapical annular incision ( C. angelicae: SIPH cylindrical, no swollen, without annular incision); Ant. III-IV with 46, two circular secondary rhinaria in alatae ( C. angelicae: only Ant. III with 43 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plant Salix; secondary host plant Apiaceae including Heracleum, Pastinaca, Angelica, Carum, Chaerophyllum, Cicuta, Foeniculum and Torilis (Blackman and Eastop 2022). The species feeds on tender tips (Fig. 35B).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Xinjiang), Argentina, Australia, Europe, Mongolia, North America (Blackman and Eastop 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/220A7092B1865700AE382BD6502A6924	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
238AFD6B63225E55A3094763193C0BD8.text	238AFD6B63225E55A3094763193C0BD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella pustula Essig 1937	<div><p>Cavariella pustula Essig, 1937</p><p>Figs 22, 35C</p><p>Cavariella pustula Essig, 1937: 46.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Two ap. viv. fems. and two ala. viv. fems. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956142), China: Beijing, 17.V.2021, No. 50011, on Salix, coll. G.X. Qiao and Y. Xu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>ABD TERG VIII with hooded supra-caudal completely hiding the cauda from above (Fig. 22H); PT 0.55-0.91 × Ant. VIb; URS wedge-shaped (Fig. 22D), 0.94-1.36 × HT II; cauda conical and constricted basally, blunt at apex (Fig. 22I), the length 1.45-1.49 × basal width (Essig 1937).</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species is first recorded in China and with some variations in China as follows: Ant. III and IV each with 22, 5 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae, but in USA, Ant. III each with 5-9 circular secondary rhinaria arranged in a row in alatae, and Ant IV without secondary rhinaria (Essig 1937).</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella aspidaphoides in ABD TERG VIII hooded supra-caudal process; dorsum of body with circular sculptures; but differs from C. aspidaphoides as follows: supra-caudal process only with two setae distally ( C. aspidaphoides: supra-caudal process with two setae distally and 3-5 short setae marginally); URS with one pair of accessory setae ( C. aspidaphoides: URS without accessory setae); PT shorter than Ant. VIb ( C. aspidaphoides: PT longer than Ant. VIb).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species feeds on tender tips of Salix (Fig. 35C).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Beijing), Canada, USA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/238AFD6B63225E55A3094763193C0BD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
D6811C09DBA0587AA3CDC48CEA8FEDF5.text	D6811C09DBA0587AA3CDC48CEA8FEDF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella salicicola (Matsumura 1917)	<div><p>Cavariella salicicola (Matsumura, 1917)</p><p>Figs 23, 35D</p><p>Nipposiphum salicicola Matsumura 1917: 410.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>One ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956117), China: Beijing, 6.V.2014, No. 30855-1-1, on Salix, coll. X.J. Tang and T.T. Xu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Beijing, 6.V.2014, No. 30836-1-1, on Salix, coll. Y. Wang, X.J Tang and F.F. Niu ; two ala. viv. fems., Hebei, 12.V.2002, No. 13268-1-1, on Salix, coll. G.X. Qiao and H. Liu ; one ap. viv. fem., Beijing, 26.V.2015, No. 34341-1-1, on Salix, coll. X.C. Zhu and Y. Li ; two ala. viv. fems., Qinghai, 9.VI.1997, No. 11401-1-1, on Salix, coll. X.L. Chen (Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>ABD TERG VIII with conical supra-caudal process (Fig. 23H), longer than cauda, 1.60 × cauda; SIPH clavate, thick, short, distinctly swollen over most of length, curved outward distally (Fig. 23G), 1.70 × cauda; Ant. III-V each with 24-30, 3-7, 0-3 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae (Fig. 23K) (Matsumura 1917; Zhang et al. 1999).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Primary host plant: Salix (Fig. 35D); secondary host plant: Apiaceae ( Apium, Oenanthe javanica, Cryptotaenia, Levisticum, Sanicula, Sium) (Blackman and Eastop 2022).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Beijing, Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Tianjin, Yunnan, Zhejiang) (Jiang et al. 2011), Japan, Korea, Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6811C09DBA0587AA3CDC48CEA8FEDF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
55C3C2202A5C5E90BA67D1235989B7A4.text	55C3C2202A5C5E90BA67D1235989B7A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavariella sculptura Qiao & Xu 2023	<div><p>Cavariella sculptura Qiao &amp; Xu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 24, 25, 26, 36</p><p>Types examined.</p><p>Holotype: one ap. viv. fem., China: Hubei (Xingdou Mountain), 4.V.2019, No. 45394-1-1-2, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.L. Zhang. Paratypes: one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956138), with the same collection data as holotype; two ap. viv. fems., Hubei (Yien County), 30.IV.2019, No. 45340-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.L. Zhang; one ala. viv. fem. and one ap. viv. fem., Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36855-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu; two ap. viv. fems., Hubei (Xingdou Mountain), 3.V.2019, No. 45372-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.L. Zhang; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956127), Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36853-1-1, on Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk., coll. X.C. Zhu; two ap. viv. fems., Shaanxi (Ningshan County), 10.VI.2018, No. 43306-1-1, on Apiaceae, coll. H. Long; one ap. viv. fem. (slide) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956125), Hubei (Yien County), 2.V.2016, No. 36840-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu (NHMUK); one ap. viv. fem., Hubei (Yien County), 3.V.2016, No. 36848-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu; one ap. viv. fem., Hubei (Yien County), 5.V.2016, No. 36902-1-1, on Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC., coll. X.C. Zhu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>In life, body dorsum of body sclerotized, black and ridged, turtle-shaped, venter of abdomen flat and pink, appendages black distally, other parts pale in color (Fig. 36); in mounted specimens body dorsum sclerotized and inconsistently black, spinal area dark brown and pleuro-marginal area pale brown in color (Fig. 25A); body dorsum with densely semicircular and circular sculptures (Fig. 25A); URS long wedge-shaped (Figs 24C, 25D); abdominal tergites VIII with short cylindrical supra-caudal process (Figs 24F, 25H); SIPH cylindrical and constricted, curved outward distally (Figs 24G, 25G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Apterous viviparous females: body oval, dorsum of body sclerotized, black and ridged, turtle-shaped, venter of abdomen flat and pink, appendages black distally, other parts pale in life (Fig. 36). Nymphs: body pick or orange in color, appendages black distally, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites each with one pair of black spinal and marginal patches, other parts pale in life (Fig. 36B).</p><p>Mounted specimens. Body dorsum sclerotized and inconsistently black, spinal area dark brown and pleuro-marginal area pale brown in color (Fig. 25A). Ant. I, II, V, and VI brown, other parts pale brown in color. Legs and SIPH pale brown; cauda and anal plate dark brown in color. Body dorsum covered with densely circular or semicircular sculptures which more developed on spino-pleural areas. See Table 2 for general measurements.</p><p>Head. Head dorsum densely covered with wavy sculptures. Frons convex, antennal tubercles slightly prominent, as high as median frontal tubercle (Figs 24A, 25B). Dorsal setae of head short and pointed. Head with one pair of cephalic setae, one or two pairs of setae at apex of antennal tubercles, one or two pairs of dorsal setae between antennae, two pairs of dorsal setae between compound eyes arranged transversely. Antennae 6-segmented (Figs 24B, 25C), 5-segmented occasionally, Ant. I and II slightly imbricated at inner side, Ant. III-VI with imbrications. Antennal setae short and pointed. Ant. I-VI each with 3-5, 3 or 4, 3-9, 2 or 3, 2-5, 2-4+1 or 2 setae; apex of PT with two or three setae. Primary rhinaria unciliated. Rostrum exceeding mid-coxae; URS long wedge-shaped (Figs 24C, 25D), with three pairs of primary setae, one pair of accessory setae.</p><p>Thorax. Thoracic nota with semicircular and irregular circular sculptures on spino-pleural areas, marginal areas with semicircular sculptures which sparser than spino-pleural areas. Pronotum mostly with one pair of small marginal tubercles. Dorsal setae of thorax short and pointed; pronotum with two pairs of spinal setae, arranged anteriorly and posteriorly, one pair of pleural and one pair of marginal setae; mesonotum with 6-11 spino-pleural setae and two pairs of marginal setae; metanotum with 4-6 spino-pleural setae and two pairs of marginal setae. Legs normal. Distal part of femora with oval and imbricated sculptures; distal part of tibiae imbricated. Setae on legs short and pointed. First tarsal chaetotaxy: 3, 3, 3. Second tarsal segments with imbrications.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites I-VI with densely circular sculptures on spino-pleural areas (Figs 24E, 25F) and sclerotized dark brown, marginal areas with sparsely semicircular sculptures; abdominal tergite VII with circular sculptures on spino-pleural areas, marginal and posterior with papillate tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with densely papillate tubercles (Fig. 25I). Abdominal tergites I-IV mostly each with one pair of small marginal tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with short cylindrical supra-caudal process covered with semicircular sculptures (Fig. 25H), 0.06-0.07 mm, 1.11-1.43 × basal width. Dorsal setae of abdomen short and pointed; abdominal tergites I-V each with two pairs of spinal setae, one pair of pleural and one pair of marginal setae, tergite VI with one pair of spinal, pleural, and marginal setae respectively, tergite VII with one pair of spinal setae; tergite VIII with two spinal setae at apex of supra-caudal process. Spiracles reniform and open. SIPH cylindrical and constricted at apex, curved outward distally (Figs 24G, 25G); strongly imbricated, with flange. Cauda conical, blunt, and constricted distally (Figs 24H, 25J), with spinulose imbrications and five or six setae. Anal plate semicircular, spinulose (Fig. 24I), with 9-22 setae. Genital plate broadly round, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and 8-10 setae along the posterior margin.</p><p>Alate viviparous females: body long oval; head and thorax black, abdomen pink, abdominal tergites with a quadrate patch in life (Fig. 36C).</p><p>Mounted specimens. Head and thorax black-brown, antennae, legs, distal part of rostrum, SIPH, cauda and anal plate brown, other parts pale in color (Fig. 26A). See Table 2 for general measurements.</p><p>Head. As in apterous viviparous females except as follows: dorsum of head smooth. Frons convex, antennal tubercles slightly prominent, not higher than frontal tubercle. Antennae lost (in this specimen). Rostrum reaching mid-coxae.</p><p>Thorax. As in apterous viviparous females except as follows: dorsum of thorax smooth. Legs normal. Fore wings radius bent, media twice branched, two cubitus; hind wings with single long longitudinal vein and two obliques.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites I-V each with one pair of marginal sclerites; tergite I with scattered small sclerites at spino-pleural area, tergite II with a brown band at spino-pleural area, tergites III-VI with a brown quadrate sclerite at spino-pleural areas, tergites VII and VIII each with a across brown band (Fig. 26A). Abdominal tergites with spinulose imbrications at sclerites, others smooth. Abdominal tergites I-IV each with one pair of small marginal tubercles; ABD TERG VIII with a short warty supra-caudal process and with two long and pointed setae at apex (Fig. 26B). Cauda conical (Fig. 26C), with spinulose imbrications and five setae. Anal plate semicircular, spinulose, with 16 setae. Genital plate broadly round, with sparse spinules in transverse rows, with two anterior setae and ten setae along the posterior margin. Others as in apterous viviparous females.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named for its sculptures on the dorsum of body.</p><p>Comment.</p><p>The species resembles Cavariella nigra in body dorsum sclerotized; URS long wedge-shaped; short supra-caudal process, but differ from it as follows: dorsum of body ridged, turtle-shaped, venter of abdomen flat and pink in color, appendages black distally, other parts pale in life; in nymphs: body pink or orange in color, appendages black distally, other parts pale ( C. nigra: dorsum of body flat, venter of abdomen yellowish white in color; appendages black wholly in life; in nymphs: body yellowish white in color, appendages black wholly in life); body dorsum sclerotized and inconsistently black in specimens, spinal area of dorsum dark brown and pleuro-marginal ones of dorsum pale brown in color; the SIPH pale brown and same as pleuro-marginal area of dorsum in color ( C. nigra: body dorsum sclerotized and uniformly black in specimens, the SIPH black brown and same as dorsum of body); marginal area of body with semicircular sculptures ( C. nigra: marginal area of body with papillate tubercles).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The species feeds on young stems and leaves of Apiaceae ( Torilis, Cryptotaenia), with ant attendance (Fig. 36).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, Shaanxi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/55C3C2202A5C5E90BA67D1235989B7A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Ying;Chen, Jing;Jiang, Li-Yun;Qiao, Ge-Xia	Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun, Qiao, Ge-Xia (2023): Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records. ZooKeys 1169: 235-292, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1169.98552
