identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A52D0F5975715CBC9AC1183E4CB09B28.text	A52D0F5975715CBC9AC1183E4CB09B28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anemone hortensis fm. regina (Risso) J. Compton 2025	<div><p>Anemone hortensis f. regina (Risso) J. Compton, comb. et stat. nov.</p><p>≡ Anemone regina Risso, Flore de Nice: 6 (1844) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, specimen annotated “ Anemone pavonina? Risso cat. pl. ind. Alp, mar. p. 403 (1826), donnée par Mr. Geny en 1860 ” and with a label ‘ Herbier RISSO, constitué dans les Alpes-Maritimes vers 1820–1860 reçu au Muséum en 1955. HERB. MUS. PARIS’ (lecto. P!) [P 02467501] (see note below and Fig. 2 C).</p><p>≡ Anemone pavonina var. regina (Risso) Gürke, Pl. Europeae 2 (3): 468 (1903).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] regina (Risso) Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 49 (1893) nom. inval.</p><p>(≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] regina (Risso) Albert, Cat. pl. vasc. Var: 4 (1908) nom. inval.).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis var. regina (Risso) P. Fourn., Quatre Fl. France: 348 (1936).</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. ocellata Moggr., Contr. Fl. Mentone ed. 3. t. 1 (1874). Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12) [icon] Contr. Fl. Mentone ed. 3. t. 1 (1874). Right-hand illustration.</p><p>≡ Anemone pavonina var. ocellata (Moggr.) Bowles and Stearn, J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 73 (3): 69 (1948).</p><p>Note.</p><p>Phillipe Geny (1809–1875) settled in Nice in 1833 as inspector of plantations in that city. He was a close correspondent of Antoine Risso (1777–1845), providing all the rather inadequate illustrations for Risso’s “ Flore de Nice ” (Risso 1844), including a barely recognisable one of Anemone hortensis (as A. stellata), but curiously did not provide any illustration of Risso’s new species, A. regina Risso.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A52D0F5975715CBC9AC1183E4CB09B28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Compton, James A.	Compton, James A. (2025): A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. PhytoKeys 263: 71-114, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.158703
4404F7F56AB053B7A3EDFC1666AEF98A.text	4404F7F56AB053B7A3EDFC1666AEF98A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anemone hortensis L.	<div><p>Anemone hortensis L. Sp. pl. 1: 540 (1753)</p><p>Fig. 1 C</p><p>Anemone hortensis L. Sp. pl. 1: 540 (1753) Lectotype designated by Arne Strid in Jarvis et al. (ed.) Taxon 54: 469 (Jarvis et al. 2005): Herb Clifford: 224, “ Anemone hortensis, Pulsatilla 4, sheet A ” (lecto. BM!) [BM 000628826].</p><p>≡ Anemone stellata Lam. Encycl. 1 (1): 166 (1783) nom. illegit, typified by the type of A. hortensis L.</p><p>≡ Anemone versicolour Salisb., Prodr. Chapel Allerton: 371 (1796).</p><p>≡ Anemone stellata var. versicolour (Salisb.) Sweet, Br. fl. gard. 2: sub t. 112 (1825).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subsp. stellata (Lam.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Europ: 3 (1878). (nom. illegit Art. 53.3). Typified by the type of A. stellata Lam., which is the type of A. hortensis L. (see note 1 below).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] stellata (Lam.) Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 48 (1893) nom. inval. (see note 2 below).</p><p>(≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] stellata (Lam.) Albert, Cat. pl. vasc. Var: 4 (1908) nom. inval.).</p><p>= Anemone formosa E. D. Clarke, Travels Eur., Asia &amp; Africa 2 (1): 145 (1812). Type: Turkey, Troas [Biga], Mt. Gargarus [Gürgen Daği], 10 March 1801, E. D. Clarke s. n. (type n. v.).</p><p>= Anemone pavonina var. fulgens DC. Prodr. 1: 18 (1824) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, Landes, “ Anemone pavonina Lois. in arvis St. Pandelon circa urbam aquaeus. J-P. S. de Grateloup s. n. 1810 ” (Herb. Lois. 000.543) (lecto. AV!) [AV 0022164] ; syntype “ Anemone pavonina, mars, avril, environs a Dax. M [isit] Grateloup s. n. ” (Herb. Lois. 000.547 (L 4)) (syn. AV!) [AV 0022166].</p><p>≡ Anemone fulgens (DC.) Rchb. Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 3: 1. t. 201, f. 343 (1825).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis var. fulgens (DC.) Gren. and Godr. Fl. France 1: 14 (1848).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subsp. fulgens (DC.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 3 (1878) (see note 1 below).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subvar. fulgens (DC.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30: 319 (1924).</p><p>= Anemone stellata var. purpurea Sweet, Br. fl. gard. 2: t. 112 (1825) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): Sweet, Br. fl. gard. 2: [Icon] t. 112.</p><p>= Anemone latifolia Bellardi ex Re, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 233 (1829) “ Habitat in agro Nicaensi in locis incultis ”. Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): [Icon] “ Anemone latifolia ex coccineo phaenicei coloris, unguibus parvis subpallidus ” (Chabrey 1666: 462; see note 3 below).</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. obtusiflora Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 7: 251 (1839) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): [Icon] Bot. Mag. 3–4: t. 123 (1790–1791).</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. acutiflora Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. 7: 251 (1839). Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): [Icon] Reichenbach, Iconogr. bot. crit 3: t. 201 f. 343 (1825).</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. alba Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Type n. v.</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. variabilis Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Type n. v.</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. purpurascens Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Type n. v.</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. zonata Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Type n. v.</p><p>= Anemone bauhinii Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, Nice “ Col de Villefranche prairies ”. Collector unknown. Reçu au Muséum [Paris] en 1955 (lecto. P!) [P 02467502] .</p><p>= Anemone bauhinii var. alba Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Type n. v.</p><p>= Anemone bauhinii var. ferruginea Risso, Flore de Nice: 7 (1844) Type n. v.</p><p>= Anemone lepida Jord., Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2 vol. 7: 427 (1861) Neotype designated here: France, Provence, “ Sous les oliviers, Grasse ” C. Bertrand s. n. 11 March 1906 (neo. P!) [P 02695662].</p><p>≡ Anemone purpurata Jord., Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2 vol. 7: 427 (1861).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis var. lepida (Jord.) Ardoino, Fl. Anal. Alpes-mar.: 13 (1867).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] lepida (Jord.) Rouy &amp; Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 49 (1893), (nom. inval. See note 2).</p><p>= Anemone variata Jord., Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2 vol. 7: 427 (1861) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, “ Anemone versicolour, Grasse et Mouhans [Mouans-Sartoux] (Var) 1844. J-L. Hénon s. n. ex Herb. Al. Jordan 187, Herbier Bonaparte (stamp) ” (lecto. LY!) [LY 0049050]; isolectotype: France, “ Anemone versicolour J., Grasse et Mouans (Var) 1844, M. Hénon, ex Herb. Al. Jordan 187 ” (isolecto. MPU!) [MPU 521442]; syntype: “ Anemone versicolour Jord. Cannes, Alpes Maritimes, rec. Loret, 1853, Jordan s. n. s. d. ex Herb. Al. Jordan 187 ” (syn. P!) [P 03181955]; syntype “ Anemone versicolour var. fl. rubro-pallida a Grasse (Var) in horto mea legi janvier 1853. Alexis Jordan 1853 ” (syn. NCY!) [NCY 0087143]; syntype “ Anemone versicolour Jord. Du Var mihi 29 Mai 1853 ” (syn. LY x 2!) [LY 0799593; LY 0799594]; syntype “ Anemone versicolour Jord. Cannes (Alpes Maritimes n Lorn 1853 ” (syn. LY!) [LY 0799587].</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis var. variata (Jord.) Ardoino, Fl. Anal. Alpes-mar.: 13 (1867)</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] variata (Jord.) Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 49 (1893), (nom. inval. note 2).</p><p>= Anemone fulgens var. purpureo-violacea Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1: 12 (1867) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): Turkey, “ Anemone formosa Const. ” Constantinople [Istanbul], 1837, Aucher-Eloy 10 (lecto. P!) [P 03180155] ; isolectotype: Turkey “ Byzantium ” Aucher-Eloy Pl. Orientales, Aucher-Eloy n. 10 (right-hand specimen isolecto. P!) [P 03182168] ; syntype: Greece, “ Anemone stellata entre Nisi [Messini] et Colomata [Kalamata] sur les bains Romains, Morée [Peloponnese] Gittard s. d. s. n. ” Herb. G-BOISS label. (syn. G!) [G 00788455] SIB-457127/1 ; syntype: Greece, “ Anemone hortensis b. Attica ”, Spruner s. d. s. n. (Herb. Fl. Orientalis G-BOISS label) (syn. G!) [G 00788454] SIB-457126/1 ; syntype: “ Graecia . Mr W Spruner 1840 ” (syn. G!) [G 00788446] SIB-457118/1 .</p><p>≡ Anemone pavonina var. purpureo-violacea (Boiss.) Halácsy, Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 5 (1900).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subvar. purpureo-violacea (Boiss.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30: 319 (1924).</p><p>= Anemone stellata var. grandiflora Pons, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 30: lxxxii (1883) Provence, “ Le Bar, Mouans, Grasse, dans les cultures ”. Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, “ Le Bar quartier des vignes ” l’Abbé A. Pons s. n. 20 January 1881 (lecto. MPU!) [MPU 532042] (see note 4 below) .</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subvar. grandiflora (Pons) Burnat, Fl. Alp. Marit. 1: 13 (1892).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] grandiflora (Pons) Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 48 (1893), nom. inval. (see note 2 below).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis var. grandiflora (Pons) P. Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson and Graebner] 5 (3): 8 (1935).</p><p>= Anemone stellata var. parviflora Pons, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 30: lxxxiii (1883) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, Grasse, Le Bar, Mouans A. Pons s. n. Fevr-Avril 1880 (lecto. K!) [K 003266312] .</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subvar. parviflora (Pons) Burnat, Fl. Alp. Marit. 1: 13 (1892)</p><p>= Anemone pavonina var. occidentalis Luzzatto, Arch. Bot. Sist. 9 (3–4): 208 (1933). Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, Basses Pyrenées, Gan, “ vignes des coteaux argileux ”, 20 April 1882, E. Doassans 4016 det. Dr Gina Luzzatto mihi, 24. 3. 1933 (lecto. P!) [P 03182081]; (isolecto. BR!) [BR 0000031559218]; (isolecto. P x 2!) [P 00266532; P 02840556] ; syntype: (left specimen only): France, “ St. Pandelon in Vasconia ”, E. Camus 177 a, s. d. det. Dr Gina Luzzatto mihi 24. 3. 1933 (syn. P!) [P 03182079] ; syntype: France, Basses Pyrenées, “ dans les vignes près Pau ” F. Schultz s. n. det. Dr Gina Luzzatto mihi 30. 1. 1933 (syn. B!) .</p><p>= Anemone pavonina f. decolorata Luzzatto, Arch. Bot. Sist. 9 (3–4): 208 (1933) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, “ Anemone stellata Lam. environs St Sever Dept. Dax, Landes comm. D. L. Dufour ” (the year 1868 no. 23 added later). Det. Dott. Gina Luzzatto, 24 March 1933. (lecto. P!) [P 00266535] .</p><p>- Anemone stellata var. primigenia A. Gubler, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 8: 243 (1861) nom. nud.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Anemone hortensis var. hortensis is found in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, and Turkey in Europe and Anatolian Turkey, growing in open meadows or among shrubs, sometimes in woodland clearings from 200 to 1200 m. Ziman et al. (2011) noted the presence of seasonally dimorphic leaves in A. hortensis . In early spring they observed that trisected leaves occurred with only a few obtuse lobules, whereas in late spring more divided leaves emerged with numerous acute lobules. These authors also indicated that for A. coronaria, both basal and involucral leaves were much more finely divided and dissected throughout the growth cycle of the plant (Ziman et al. 2011). Flowering in March and April. The forma regina (Risso) J. Compton (see below) with golden yellow or white at the base of each red or purple tepal, which collectively form the “ queen’s ” crown in the centre of the flower, is most frequently found (Fig. 2 C), whereas flowers which are entirely red or entirely purple are less common.</p><p>Note 1.</p><p>In the Foreword to “ Conspectus florae europaeae ”, Carl Fredrik Nyman stated, “ Subspecies, litteris minimis impressae, asterisco notantur; varietates linea longiora ante nomen ” [Subspecies printed in small letters are marked with an asterisk; varieties with a longer line before the name] (Nyman 1878: Foreword). The correct combination at the rank of subspecies is therefore Anemone hortensis subsp. fulgens (DC.) Nyman.</p><p>Note 2.</p><p>Heywood (Heywood 1958: 89–93) succinctly considered the status and application of the names of the infraspecific taxa included in Rouy and Foucaud’s “ Flore de France ” (Rouy and Foucaud 1893 –1913). In our context this discussion is pertinent to the names provided by Rouy and Foucaud in vol. 1; highly relevant is their use of the term “ forme ”, which in their terminology denoted a rank intermediate between variety and subspecies i. e. above that of variety (Rouy and Foucaud 1893: xi – xiii). They make it quite clear as to how they propose to use the term in their work: “ Ajoutons qu’il nous a paru nécessaire d’indiquer par des caractères typographiques différents la valeur plus ou moins grande des plantes au point de vue du groupe spécifique: espèces, sous-espèces, formes, variétés, sous-variétés.</p><p>Une innovation qui sera probablement remarquée, c’est la valeur que nous attribuons à la forme, que nous considérons ici comme synomyme de la race en horticulture ……. Nous estimons donc la forme d’un degré supérieur dans l’échelle de la classification à la variété ” (Rouy and Foucaud 1893: xi). Art. 4.1 of the ICN states clearly that forma sits below the rank of varietas. Their usage of the term “ forme ” consequently contradicts both Art. 5.1 and Art. 37.6 of the ICN, and their unorthodox use of that term either for new names or for new combinations renders them invalid (Turland et al. 2018).</p><p>Abel Albert and Émile Jahandiez, in their Catalogue of the plants of Var, a département in Provence, south-east France, clearly stated that they had followed Rouy’s unusual concept of the term “ forme ” (Albert and Jahandiez 1908: xlii). Their combinations under that ranking are also therefore invalid (Albert and Jahandiez 1908: 4).</p><p>Note 3.</p><p>In a short note Giovanni Francesco Re (1773–1833) included the name of Anemone latifolia coined by Carlo Bellardi (1741–1826) as well as part of his unpublished description, stating that the species was from uncultivated fields around Nice. A search for specimens of Bellardi’s collection in his Herbarium in Turin (TO) did not locate any original material (Guglielmone pers. comm.). Many of his specimens have been either damaged or lost; however, there is a reference cited by Bellardi to the Swiss herbalist Dominique Chabrey (1610–1667): “ Anemone latifolia ex coccineo phaenicei coloris, unguibus parvis subpallidus Chabr. sciagr. p. 462 ” [ Anemone with broad leaves and Phoenician red-coloured flowers, with small paler claws]. Chabrey’s description includes an illustration of a simple flowered plant with eight tepals under that name, which can serve as the lectotype for the name Anemone latifolia Bellardi ex Re.</p><p>Note 4.</p><p>The Abbé Alexandre Pons included the statement “ Selon nous, cette espèce comprend deux variétés ou races bien distinctes ” (Pons 1883: lxxxii). Although his reference to “ races ” does not fit the use of the accepted terms in the terminology of botanical ranks according to Art. 4 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018), the use of the term variété for variety is acceptable (Art. 4.1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4404F7F56AB053B7A3EDFC1666AEF98A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Compton, James A.	Compton, James A. (2025): A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. PhytoKeys 263: 71-114, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.158703
382E2790781C59DE97E130C9720F54CE.text	382E2790781C59DE97E130C9720F54CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anemone hortensis var. heldreichii (Boiss.) Halacsy	<div><p>Anemone hortensis var. heldreichii (Boiss.) Halácsy, Consp. Fl. Gr.: 6 (1900)</p><p>≡ Anemone stellata var. heldreichii Boiss. Diagn. pl. orient. ser. 1. vol. 2. fasc. 8: 1 (1849). “ Hab. In dumosis montis Akrotiri et faucibus montis Malaxa prope Cydoniam, Cretae [growing in the thickets on the mountains of Akrotiri and the jaws of mount Malaxa near Kydon (Chania), Cretae (Kriti)]. Heldreich 1312, Marte 1846 ” . Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): Greece, Crete, (lecto. G!) [G 00788416] Herb. G-BOIS. SIB no. 457133 / 1; isolecto: BM! [BM 000613694]; isolecto. E! [E 01097614]; isolecto. K x 3! [K 000692042; K 003266388; K 003266412]; isolecto. LY [LY 0796695]; isolecto. P x 4! [P 00158570; P 03182159; P 03182319; P 03182182]; isolecto. WAG! [WAG 0043946]; isolecto. WU! [WU 0074909] .</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subvar. heldreichii (Boiss.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30: 319 (1924).</p><p>≡ Anemone heldreichiana Gandoger, Fl. cret.: 6 (1916).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Rech. f., Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. - Naturwiss. Kl. 105 (2, 1): 743 (1943).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Anemone hortensis var. heldreichii is endemic to Crete, Karpathos and Kasos, occurring on mountain meadows and among rocks from 400 to 1200 m. Flowering February to April. Illustration Fig. 2 D.</p><p>In addition to these varieties, it is worth noting a minor flower colour variant that occurs frequently in populations across the range of the species and which is recognised here as a new combination at the rank of forma. Plants with a pronounced zone of white, cream or pale yellow near the base of each tepal (Fig. 2 C) can be assigned to Anemone hortensis f. regina (Risso) J. Compton. This is clearly evident in the three flowers on the specimen from Risso’s personal herbarium now conserved in Paris.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/382E2790781C59DE97E130C9720F54CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Compton, James A.	Compton, James A. (2025): A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. PhytoKeys 263: 71-114, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.158703
BD56394C5C895860BAACF3A4D2F95A83.text	BD56394C5C895860BAACF3A4D2F95A83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anemone hortensis var. pavonina (Lam.) Gren. and Godr.	<div><p>Anemone hortensis var. pavonina (Lam.) Gren. and Godr., Fl. France 1: 14 (1848)</p><p>≡ Anemone pavonina Lam. Encycl. 1 (1): 166 (1783) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3, 9.4): France? Without metadata “ Herb. Lamarck ” central multiple-tepalled flowering stem [P 00282070] (Fig. 1 D).</p><p>≡ Anemone coronaria var. pavonina (Lam.) Pers. Syn. pl. 2 (1): 97 (1806).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis subsp. pavonina (Lam.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 5 (1882, see note below).</p><p>≡ Anemone hortensis [forme] pavonina (Lam.) Rouy and Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 48 (1893) (nom. inval. See note above under synonymy of A. hortensis).</p><p>= Anemone regina Risso var. duplex Risso, Flore de Nice: 6 (1844) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, Alpes Maritimes, specimen labelled “ Anemone regina N. ” in Risso’s Herbarium, Flore du Département des Alpes-Maritimes, tome IV, folio 24 (lecto. P!) ; syntype: France, Alpes Maritimes, “ Champs des collines ”, Pointe Saint-Hospice, Cap Ferrat, Risso s. n. 1808 (syn. G-DC!) [G 00144565] .</p><p>= Anemone pavonina var. duplex Loret, Bull. Soc. bot. France 6: 33 (1859) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, “ Entre Cannes et Auribeau ”, H. Loret s. d., s. n. Herb. Loret (lecto. P!) [P 03181972] ; syntype: France, “ De Cannes à Auribeau ” H. Loret 210 s. d. Herb. Loret. (syn. P!) [P 03182118] ; syntype: France “ Cannes ” H. Loret s. n. s. d. (syn. P!) [P 00266525] .</p><p>= Anemone hortensis var. multisepala Albert and Jahand., Cat. pl. vasc. Var: 4 (1908) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.12): France, Var, “ Bords des champs et des chemins, Montauroux . (Etiquette égarée = lost label) ” A. Albert s. n., 15 March 1904 (P. lecto!) [P 02695672]; (isolecto. LY x 2!) as “ A. regina var. multisepala Herbier A. Albert ” A. Albert s. n. [LY 0030479; LY 0030470]; (isolecto. MPU x 2!) [MPU 522731; MPU 522732] ; syntypes: France, Var. Montauroux (as var. acutisepala) “ sous les oliviers ”, A. Albert s. n, 20 March 1904 (syn. P!) [P 03181968] ; Herbier A. Albert, Montauroux (Var), 20 March 1903, A. Albert s. n. (syn. LY x 2!) [LY 0674586; LY 0030469] ; Montauroux 15 May 1906, leg. A. Albert s. n. (syn. LY!) [LY 0030476] ; Montauroux, 8 April 1903 A. Albert s. n. (syn. TLON!) [TLON 07884] ; syntype Callian (Albert) n. v. ” .</p><p>Note.</p><p>In the Introduction to his “ Compendio della flora Italiana ”, Giovanni Arcangeli (1840–1921) stated, “ Ebbi cura inoltre di enumerare e descrivere solo le forme specifiche principali e ben accertate, includendo nel numero delle sottospecie e varietà, e talora omettendo, quelle non poche di data recente ed ancora non sufficientemente studiate, delle quali varii dei moderni fitografi si sono compiaciuti arricchire la flora nostra. Le sottospecie o razze che si presentano in alcune specie sono state contrassegnate con lettere greche, mentre le varietà sono state distinte con lettere latine. [I have also taken care to enumerate and describe only the principal and well-established specific forms, including in the list some subspecies and varieties, and sometimes omitting, not a few of recent date and which are still not sufficiently studied, with which several modern phytographers have been pleased to enrich our flora. The subspecies or races which appear in some species have been marked with Greek letters, while the varieties have been distinguished with Latin letters.] ” (Arcangeli 1882: vi). This statement whereby the Greek letter γ is placed before his entry for “ 22. Anemone hortensis γ pavonina validates it at the rank of subspecies even though he incorrectly attributes the basionym to Candolle but correctly states it to be a monstrous form (“ forma mostruosa ”) with “ sepali molto numerosi, lanceolati o lanceolato-lineari, acutissimi ” [multiple number of lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, most acute sepals] (Arcangeli 1882: 5). A year before his death he published a description of what he later termed Anemone hortensis var. pavonina, which clearly indicated that he was referring to multiple-tepalled plants that sometimes produced an outer ring of sepaloid photosynthetic bracts (Arcangeli 1920: 53).</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Anemone hortensis var. pavonina is found across the range of the species and has become widely naturalised around Nice and along the Ligurian coastal region of Italy and also in the Landes region of Gascony (Fig. 1 A) in southwestern France. It grows in open meadows, among shrubs, sometimes in woodland clearings from 100 to 1600 m. Flowering from March to May. Some double-flowered plants also occur occasionally among wild populations in Eastern Europe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD56394C5C895860BAACF3A4D2F95A83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Compton, James A.	Compton, James A. (2025): A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. PhytoKeys 263: 71-114, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.158703
4AEF2A5C14D256EDAAD2C2CBB654C8F3.text	4AEF2A5C14D256EDAAD2C2CBB654C8F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anemone hortensis var. stellata Gren. and Godr.	<div><p>Anemone hortensis var. stellata Gren. and Godr., Fl. France 1 (1): 14 (1847)</p><p>Fig. 2 A</p><p>Anemone hortensis var. stellata Gren. and Godr., Fl. France 1 (1): 14 (1847) Lectotype designated here (Art. 9.3): France, Provence, Grasse, “ Anemone stellata Lam., Grasse, Mr de Baudot s. n. 1837 ” with a label for “ Herbier de la Flore de France de D. A. Godron ” on the sheet (lecto. NCY!) [NCY 0087945] ; syntypes: France, Provence, “ Anemone hortensis a stellata, Grenier 1846 ” with a label for Herbier de la Flore de France de D. A. Godron. C. Grenier s. n. (syn. NCY!) [NCY 0087939] ; France, Provence, Grasse, “ Anemone stellata, Grasse, Lenormand s. n. 1839 ” with Herbier de la Flore de France de D. A. Godron label (syn. NCY!) [NCY 0087940]</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Anemone hortensis var. stellata (Fig. 2 B) is found in Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey. It grows in open meadows, among low scrub, vineyards, sometimes in woodland clearings from 100 to 1200 m (c. 4000 ft.). Flowering from March to May. Teratological specimens also occur within this variety.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4AEF2A5C14D256EDAAD2C2CBB654C8F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Compton, James A.	Compton, James A. (2025): A case study on Anemone hortensis L. (Ranunculaceae): the misapplication of A. pavonina Lam. and A. fulgens (DC) Rchb. has led to taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. PhytoKeys 263: 71-114, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.263.158703
